71 |
內戰下的上海市社會局研究(1945-1949) / A Study of Shanghai’s Bureau of Social Affairs during the Chinese Civil War, 1945-1949李鎧光 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以上海市社會局為主體,探討其從1945年10月至1949年4月間各項業務執行的情況及其市民生活的關係。首先從社會局的職權與人事談起,社會局最早成立於1927年7月,負責農工商業相關行業的註冊、處理勞資糾紛與相關統計。一年後職權增加了對人民團體和社會福利機構的管理,也負責各種度量衡器具的檢定,戰後再增加糧食管理及書報影劇審查兩項工作。就人事方面而言,社會局局長以吳開先在任的時間最長,同時他也出任市黨部的執行委員會委員。另外針對1948年社會局全體公務員的學經歷進行分析,發現49歲以下的職員占絕大多數,以學歷而言,超過半數的男性職員受過不同程度的高等教育,女性職員是以中學學歷者占多數,附屬機構的公務員則更年輕,學歷也相對較低。與戰前的社會局相比最大的特點在小學以下的成員大幅減少和隨著局長異動而大量換人的情形也不復存在。
本研究的其他部分皆與社會局如何執行它的職權有關,分為四大主題:(1)報紙、雜誌、通訊社審查;(2)電影戲劇審查;(3)調整工資及調解勞資爭議;(4)對人民團體的管理。
在報紙、雜誌、通訊社審查部分,共舉行了三次大規模清查措施,只有1949年3-4月的「報刊總清查」才有比較主動的抽查措施。在獲准發行的報紙與雜誌中有一個特點,就是越晚獲得許可的刊物轉呈次數越多,可見社會局沒有最終決定權。在沒有獲得發行的報紙與雜誌中,社會局常以「申請手續不完整」的理由(包括各種文字)讓申請案無法通過,數量上甚至多過發行後才被查禁的。
社會局對電影影片的審查是某種形式上的複審,重點是核對內政部發給的准演執照是否相符。劇團、票房和俱樂部審查強調的重點是表演內容,包括所有劇本、科白與節目流程都要申請核准方能表演。總計3202部電影中未通過審查的只有28部,凡是有墮落的、不符現實的場景與情節都會被要求刪減或修改。劇本審查方面,可能出於受戰爭影響無暇創作或比較容易通過審查,大多以重演舊的劇目為主。
工人工資的調整以市政府每月發佈的生活費指數乘上1937年6月的底薪為計算方式,與糧食價格互相比較,貨幣購買力逐確實漸下降,使得多數工人不足以養家活口,所以勞資爭議越來越多。而就勞資爭議進行分析,以有沒有發生罷工停業分為兩類,有罷工停業的案件有589件,沒有罷工停業的則有5521件。就行業類別來看,與上海的產業結構相符,以紡織業最多。從具體的個案討論中,社會局確實努力促成和解,但卻沒有能力預防與阻止勞資爭議與暴力衝突。
人民團體分為資方的同業公會、勞方的工會、與一般民眾的社會團體,三者的數量在戰後四年間皆有顯著的成長。從電影院公會的例子可以看出,公會與社會局爭執的焦點在票價的調整,還有公會也必須負責各種臨時性或經常性的賑災捐款。相關資料也顯示,社會局對於勞工福利設施推行不力,也無法控制工會基層組織,在那些被共產黨吸收的工會中,社會局只能在警察局取締之後,解散工會再加以重組,無法有效防止共產黨的滲透。社會團體的問題在於社會局僅僅做到登記的工作而無法加以有效的管理,即使是國民黨成立的團體也是如此。
整體來說,社會局在這四年的時間裡,雖然進行很多種的社會統計,也透過機關刊物向民眾進行法令宣傳,但被動的登記成效比較好而主動執行力不足,其中又以無法有效防止勞資爭議與積極管理各種人民團體為主要缺點。 / This thesis draws on archival data from Shanghai’s Bureau of Social Affairs (Shehui ju 社會局) to examine how this organization undertook its duties between October 1945 and April 1949 (the period of the Chinese Civil War), as well as its impact on the lives of ordinary citizens. Founded in July 1927, the Bureau was initially responsible for the registration of agricultural and industrial sectors, resolution of wage disputes, and compilation of business statistics. It was subsequently burdened with additional duties, including the oversight of civic organizations and social welfare institutions, examination of measurement tools, regulation of foodstuffs, and censorship of publications.
The thesis begins with a discussion on the Bureau’s administrative structure and personnel. Director Wu Kaixian had the longest incumbency of all the staff members, and also served as a commissioner in the Executive Committee of the KMT’s City Party Office. In terms of the backgrounds of public servants who worked at the Bureau, the data collected indicates that in the year 1948 most were less than 49 years of age. Over half of the male civil servants had received various higher education degrees, while the most of the women merely had secondary educations. The staff members of the Bureau’s affiliated institutions were generally younger and had lower educational levels. The period covered by this study differed from the prewar years in witnessing fewer people with only preliminary educational background, while personnel changes became less relevant following the appointment of new Directors.
The rest of the thesis centers on how the Bureau executed its authority and carried out its duties, with the subject matter being divided into the following four categories: 1) Censorship of newspapers, magazines, and news agencies; 2) Censorship of motion pictures and dramas; 3) Reconciliation of wage and labor disputes; 4) Governance of civic organizations.
Three large-scale censorship campaigns involving newspapers, magazines, and news agencies were undertaken, but only the “General Censorship” from March to April 1949 witnessed proactive measures. In considering censored newspapers and magazines, it seems especially noteworthy that the latter publications were released more often than being transferred, which suggests that the Bureau did not have the authority to make final decisions. The reason given by the Bureau for banning certain newspapers and magazines from publication was usually “incomplete application procedure.” The quantity of such publications was even greater than those banned after publication.
The Bureau’s process of re-examining motion pictures focused on the validity of licenses issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The criteria of censorship adopted by theatres, box offices, and clubs placed greater emphasis on performance content, including scripts, voiceover, and program rundowns. Of 3,202 movies examined by the Bureau, only 28 failed to pass, with discouraging and unrealistic scenarios usually being deleted or modified. Most of the adopted scripts were somewhat dated, perhaps due to wartime lack of creativity and productivity.
The adjustment of the labor wages was based on the product of the government-issued monthly cost of living index multiplied by salary levels of July 1937. Against the background of rising food prices, purchasing power parity proved relatively low, which rendered blue-collar workers less able to sustain their families and sparked increasing wage disputes. Such conflicts can be categorized by whether or not they resulted in strikes, with those triggering strikes numbering 589 and those that did not 5,521. Like Shanghai’s overall industrial structure, the textile industry led others in terms of such disputes. The Bureau did intervene by trying to promote reconciliation, yet it failed to prevent such disputes and resulting acts of violence.
Civic organizations included employers’ associations, labor unions, and ordinary social groups formed by citizens. The number of all three kinds of organizations increased significantly during the four years of the Chinese Civil War. As can be seen in the case of the Cinema Association, the major point of conflict between Bureau and the Association centered on adjustments of ticket prices and the Association’s assuming responsibility for all kinds of charitable donations on a regular or temporary basis. The records reveal that the Bureau was not serious about the welfare infrastructure for laborers, and proved unable to control the grassroots organization of the labor unions. The Bureau could not prevent the Communist Party from exerting increasing influence over unions, but did dissolve them after police crackdowns and then attempted to reorganize them. The main issue with these civic organizations was that the Bureau was only in charge of registration yet proved unable to manage effective mobilization, a phenomenon that applied even to those organized by the KMT.
In conclusion, the thesis argues that during the four years covered by this study, despite the fact that the Bureau was able to compile extensive sociological statistics and disseminate rules of law via its publications, its ability to execute policy decisions turned out to be far less effective. Moreover, the Bureau could not effectively suppress labor disputes and mobilize relevant civic organizations.
|
72 |
「高山低頭,河水讓路」 —大躍進時期革命語言之研究 / “The mountain lowers the head; the river allows passing through”— Study of revolutionary language in the great leap forward劉兆崑, Liou, Jhao Kun Unknown Date (has links)
大躍進運動,貫徹烏托邦主義,結合毛澤東及其追隨者賦予的闡釋,加上嚴格管制的官方宣傳體系與人民對理想的渴望,演變為大規模集體狂熱運動。對共產主義世界、烏托邦理想的期待與將國家推往急速發展的思想,這種思想化為多樣化的語言論述,藉由傳媒大肆散佈,並形成獨樹一幟的語言風格。
本研究分為五個章節,除導論簡述本文研究要旨外,首先將說明革命語言與中國共產黨之關聯性,定義革命語言的基本內涵,並說明中共革命語言的形成。其次說明中共宣傳的策略與手段,對意識形態及語言的散播發生何種影響。而後進入研究核心,以《人民日報》、《紅旗》文獻與《紅旗歌謠》新民歌,歸納大躍進革命語言的構成內容,並依據前文歸納,分析革命語言的特徵。 / The Great Leap Forward carried out Utopia doctrine, combined the explanation that Mao Zedong and his followers offered to, in addition, the official propaganda system that control strictly and aspiration of the people about ideal, developed into extensive collective's fanatic movement. The expectation of communist world and Utopia ideal, thought of push the country to develop rapidly, the thought turned into variety of languages, spread out by the media, and formed the language style of taking the course of its own.
This research is divided into five chapters, except that the introduction, at first will prove the relation of revolutionary language and the CCP, define the basic intension of the revolutionary language, and explain the forming revolutionary language of CCP. Secondly, to show that CCP’s propaganda tactics and means how influenced ideology and language. And then enter the core of studying, in the documents of " People's Daily ", "Red Flag "'and new folk songs of " Red Flag Ballad ", sum up the composition content of the revolutionary language of the Great Leap Forward, and according to preceding paragraphs, analyze the characteristic of the revolutionary language.
|
73 |
改制後我國監察制度與瑞典國會監察使制度之比較研究郝思麗 Unknown Date (has links)
我國現行監察制度,係依據中山先生創立之「權能區分」與「五權分立」之遺教而來,而中山先生主張之監察權,其淵源有二,其一為我國歷史上的台諫制度,其二為近代西方國家國會的彈劾權,因此乃係全新融合中外民主化與法制化的監察制度。
目前我國監察院得行使之職權,包括收受人民書狀、調查權、彈劾權、糾舉權、提出糾正案、審計權、官方文件調閱權及受理公職人員財產申報等數種職權,其職權範圍可謂廣泛。
國會監察使制度創於瑞典,此制度淵源於專制王朝的「最高檢察長」一職,之後又以「司法大臣」的面貌出現,最後在西元1809年的憲法之中,才以「國會監察使」正式定名,直至第二次世界大戰後,普及於世界各國。其職權包括受理人民申訴案件、調查權、起訴權、官方文件調閱權、巡查權、建議權、報告公開權、豁免權與裁量權等數種權限,其職權行使範圍較我國為狹。
本文之目的,乃在於經由比較我國現行監察制度與瑞典國會監察使制度之優劣缺失,並以他國制度來作為研究我國監察制度的借鏡,更進而試圖擬出一套方案,冀望改良我國現行的監察制度。
全文共分為六章,第一章介紹研究動機與目的及研究架構。第二章介紹監察的定義、中國監察制度及西方監察制度。本章首論監察的定義,次論中國監察制度係源於儒法的政治思想;至於西方監察理論則從洛克、孟德斯鳩談起,最後再說明國會監察使制度。第三章對我國當前監察院有那些職權作分析,並剖析現今監察權的功能。現行監察院的職權包括收受人民書狀、提出糾正案、調查權、彈劾權、糾舉權、審計權、巡查權及受理公職人員財產申報。此章分析歷年來收受人民書狀、糾正案、調查案件等之件數,並依此分析出,第二屆監察委員確比第一屆監察委員工作繁重,且亦可知第二屆監察委員也確想多為人民服務。第四章則介紹瑞典國會監察使制度,並對此制度之職權、功能作分析。本章首先談及瑞典國會監察使的源起與發展,其次說明國會監察使組織結構,最後即說明國會監察使有那些職權及其實施後之功能分析。第五章為我國監察制度與瑞典國會監察使制度之比較研究。本章首先談及兩國組織建制的比較(包括組織地位、遴選條件、幕僚人員--等),次論兩國職權的比較。第六章為結論。本章描述修憲後監察院的改進方向,最後作者綜合我國監察制度及瑞典國會監察使制度之優點,試圖擬出的一套方案之建議,以供解決現行我國監察制度之問題。
目 錄
第一章 緒論----------------1
第一節 前言----------------- 1
第二節 研究動機與目的------------ 6
第三節 研究範圍與研究方法---------- 8
第四節 研究架構---------------10
第二章 監察理論--------------12
第一節 監察之定義--------------12
第二節 中國監察理論-------------14
第三節 西方監察理論-------------21
第四節 瑞典國會監察使制度之界定-------26
第三章 當前監察院之職能分析--------32
第一節 改制後監察院之組織結構--------32
第二節 改制後監察院之職權分析--------38
第三節 監察權的功能分析-----------48
第四章 瑞典國會監察使制度---------61
第一節 瑞典國會監察使制度的源起與發展-----61
第二節 瑞典國會監察使制度的組織結構------67
第三節 瑞典國會監察使制度的職權分析------72
第四節 瑞典國會監察使職權行使功能-------79
第五節 國會監察使與國會的關係---------82
第六節 國會監察使與新聞界的關係--------83
第五章 中華民國監察院制度與瑞典國會監察使制度之比較---------------85
第一節 組織建制之比較-------------85
第二節 職權之比較---------------93
第三節 小結------------------101
第六章 結論----------------104
第一節 修憲後監察院的改進方向---------104
第二節 改進方案之建議-------------121
|
74 |
中共軍事思想之研究 / China's Evolving Military Theory郎錫恭 Unknown Date (has links)
中共軍事思想之形成,主要受毛澤東軍事思想、全球戰略形勢與周邊戰略形勢、及中共自身條件等因素之影響。從毛澤東時期「早打、大打、打核子戰」的人民戰爭思想與積極防禦,轉變至鄧小平時期「和平時期建軍」、與「打贏一場局部戰爭」的戰略思維,以至江澤民時期強調質量建軍、高科技建軍,打贏一場高科技條件下的局部戰爭等,突顯中共在不同形勢變化之下,軍事思想所強調之目標,對其軍事發展的過程,皆有重大的影響。
本論文的目的在於瞭解,對中共而言,什麼是軍事思想,其「軍事思想」的發展階段為何,其演進過程的內容及影響軍事思想發展的因素等。 / Clearly,China's military theory was largely shaped by Mao's military theory of people's war concept, perception of global and regional strategic environment, as well as China's own capabilitiy and priority. Mao Zedog has emphasized to fight "a early, large and nuclear war" under the context of people war.Deng Xiaoping changed Mao's policy,emphasizing a military construction under peaceful environment, and fight a local war. Jiang Zemin made further change, switching to emphasize fliilitary buildup based on quality and high technology,and to fight a local under high technology condit ion.These changes reflect how Chinese military theory has adapted to changing environment. This paper discusses what is junshi sixiang means in Chinese military vocabulary, the evolution of China's military theory, and factors influencing its development.
|
75 |
實質有效匯率非直線性調整之實證研究-以中國大陸為例 / Modeling Non-Linearity in Real Effective Exchange Rate - A case study of China潘葛天, Pan, Ko Tien Unknown Date (has links)
本文欲以平滑轉換自我迴歸模型(Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model,簡稱STAR模型)及時變平滑轉換自我迴歸模型(Time-varying Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model,簡稱TV-STAR模型)兩種非直線性模型為工具,剖析人民幣實質有效匯率之動態結構。
實證結果得知,在長期干預的情況下,人民幣實質有效匯率拒絕線性檢定且其為LSTAR模型,故可知人民幣實質有效匯率在轉換過程具有不對稱之特性;其次,利用“Specific-to-General-to-Specific”篩選過程得知,若是預測人民幣實質有效匯率,並不一定需要利用到比較複雜的TV-STAR模型;因為樣本外預測,短期間,一階自我迴歸模型的表現可能並不遜於複雜模型;長期而言,則似以STAR模型表現較佳。
|
76 |
人民幣國際化程度與前景的實證分析 / Empirical study on the degree and prospect of renminbi internationalization王國臣, Wang, Guo Chen Unknown Date (has links)
人民幣是否可能成為另一個重要的國際貨幣,甚至挑戰美元的國際地位?此即本論文的問題意識。對此,本論文進一步提出三個研究問題:一是如何測量當前的人民幣國際化程度?二是如何測量當前的人民幣資本開放程度?三是資本開放對於人民幣國際化程度的影響為何?
為此,本研究利用主成分分析(PCA),以建構人民幣國際化程度(CIDI)與人民幣資本帳開放程度(CAOI)。其次再利用動態追蹤資料模型──系統一般動差估計法(SGMM),以檢證各項人民幣綜合競爭力對於貨幣國際化程度的影響。最後,本研究進一步梳理人民幣資本帳開放的進程,並結合上述所有實證分析的結果,進而預估漸進資本開放下人民幣國際化的前景。研究對象包括人民幣在內的33種國際貨幣,研究時間則起自1999年歐元成立,迄於2009年。
本論文的發現三:一是,當前人民幣國際化程度進展相當快速。但截至2009年年底,人民幣國際化程度還很低,遠落後於美元、歐元、日圓,以及英鎊等主要國際貨幣。不僅如此,人民幣國際化程度也遜於俄羅斯盧布、巴西里拉,以及印度盧比等開發中國家所發行的貨幣。
二是,過去10年來,人民幣資本帳開放程度不升反降,截至2009年年底,人民幣的資本帳開放程度維持在零,這表示:人民幣是世界上管制最為嚴格的貨幣。相對而言,美元、歐元、日圓,以及英鎊的資本帳開放程度至少都在70%以上,特別是英鎊的資本帳開放程度更趨近於完全開放。
三是,根據SGMM的實證結果顯示,網路外部性、經濟規模、金融市場規模、貨幣穩定度,以及資本開放程度都是影響貨幣國際化程度的關鍵因素。在此基礎上,本研究利用發生機率(odds ratio),以計算不同資本開放情境下,人民幣成為前10大國際貨幣的可能性。結果顯示,如果人民幣的資本帳開放到73%左右,人民幣便可擠進前10大國際貨幣(發生機率為65.6%)。
不過,這只是最為保守的估計。原因有二:一是,隨者中國經濟實力的崛起,以及人民幣預期升值的脈絡下,國際市場對於人民幣的需求原本就很高。此時,人民幣資本帳如果能適時開放,則人民幣的國際持有將大幅增加。換言之,本研究沒有考量到,各貨幣競爭力因素與資本開放程度之間的加乘效果。
二是,資本開放不僅直接對貨幣國際化程度產生影響,也會透過擴大金融市場規模與網路外部性等其他貨幣競爭力因素,間接對貨幣國際化程度造成影響。這間接效果,本研究也沒有考量到。因此,可以預期的是,只要人民幣資本帳能夠漸進開放,人民幣國際化的前景將比本研究所預估的高出許多。 / This paper discusses whether the Renminbi (RMB) will become an international currency, even challenging to the U.S. dollar. In order to examine above question, this paper take the following three steps:
1. By using principal component analyses (PCA), this paper constructs two indices: currency internationalization degree index (CIDI) and capital account liberalization degree index (CAOI);
2. By using dynamic panel data model-system generalized method of moment (SGMM), this paper analyzes factors affect the CIDI, including economic and trade size, financial system, network externalities, confidence in the currency’s value, and CAOI;
3. According to the PCA and SGMM results, this paper calculates the odds ratio of RMB becoming important international currency.
The reserch achieved the following results. First, the degree of internationalization of the RMB progress very fast, but the RMB CIDI is still very low, its CIDI far behinds the dollar, euro, Japanese yen, and pounds.
Second, over the past 10 years, RMB CAOI is not increased but decreased. Its CAOI is at zero in 2009, this means that: the RMB is the most stringent controls in the world currency. In contrast, U.S. dollars, euros, yen, and pound CAOI are at least in more than 70%.
Third, according to the SGMM results, economic size, financial system, network externalities, confidence in the currency’s value, and CAOI are key factors affect the CIDI. Based on this output, this paper forecasted that if the RMB CAOI is open to about 73%, RMB could be squeezed into the top 10 of the international currency. (The odds ratio is 65.6%)
It is noteworthy that this is only the lowest estimates. This is because that this paper did not consider the interaction effects of each currency competitiveness factors and CAOI. Therefore, if RMB CAOI continues open, the prospect of RMB CIDI is much higher than estimated by this paper.
|
77 |
人民幣國際化背景下的兩岸資本跨境流通 / The Flow of Fund between Mainland China and Taiwan under the Background of Internationalization of RMB徐航, Xu, Hang Unknown Date (has links)
兩岸經貿在政治的隔閡與反復中,從小到大,從封閉到逐漸開放。在這個過程中,兩岸資金融通的不斷擴大成為這場華麗經濟表演的背景。但隨著人民幣在國際舞台角色變化,兩岸貨幣流通從背景中走出,金融合作發展甚至可能成為兩岸經濟未來的最重要之組成。
從法律角度審視兩岸跨境資金流通,繁瑣的管制措施與複雜的法律體系正在逐漸消減。從直接投資角度而言,對外中國大陸不斷推動外商投資企業法規的改制以吸引外商投資;對內則努力減少中國企業融資阻礙,以推動中國大陸企業走出去。而台灣雖然對於陸資仍然保持著較大的戒心,亦逐步放開對大陸投資管制,並開放陸資來台來台促進經濟發展。從間接投資角度而言,中國大陸逐步放開資本項下的管制, QDII、QFII等投資管道不斷推陳出新,更加開放的未來成為可能。
而在這場以人民幣國際化為目的的改革中,自貿區扮演了急先鋒的角色。自貿區階段式的政策開放有著中國大陸改革和法律變遷的典型特征,「試點—推廣」模式使自貿區走在了人民幣國際化的最前沿。而台灣的自由經濟示範區卻步入了困境。
自貿區的現在很大可能將會是中國大陸的未來,人民幣國際化成為一個大概率事件。面對這種未來,台灣可以如何應對?從法律角度而言,本文提出以下四個建議:1.推動兩岸貿易以本幣結算,深化兩岸經貿往來;2.建立雙邊貨幣交換機制,共同推動人民幣區域化及國際化;3.推動兩岸資本市場的交流與合作,建構台灣為人民幣離岸中心;4.推動兩岸金融監理合作、建置兩岸金融防火牆。 / The economic and trade have developed since 1980s though faced with the political barriers. The two sides is expected to work together in peace in the future.
From the perspective of cross-border capital flow, the two sides set up a complicated and complex control measures, forming a complex legal system. From the view of direct investment, China is currently promoting the restructuring of foreign investment enterprises and regulations to attract foreign investment. Reducing the financing pressure of Chinese enterprises and promoting the Chinese mainland enterprises to go out become one of the focus of the mainland policy. However, Taiwan resist the Chinese capital. From the perspective of indirect investment, China's mainland is currently expanding various investment pipelines, such as QDII, QFII, etc.. In the future, capital of cross-border capital flows will be more convenient. Taiwan also has more space to intervene.
The establishment of free trade zone has become the pioneer of China's financial reform, and its development has been the most advanced in the financial reform, capital projects and the internationalization of RMB. Negative list and a series of financial reform measures will gradually move to the country. Taiwan's free economic demonstration zone has entered a difficult situation.
Facing such a future, from a legal point of view, this paper puts forward the following five suggestions: 1. Promote cross-strait trade in local currency settlement, deepen economic and trade exchanges between the two sides; 2. The establishment of bilateral currency exchange mechanism, and jointly promote the RMB regionalization and internationalization; 3. To promote exchanges and cooperation on both sides of the capital market, build Taiwan as an offshore RMB Centre; 4. To promote cross-strait financial supervisory cooperation, build cross-strait financial firewall.
|
78 |
人民幣離岸市場的發展前景: 以香港與台灣為個案分析 / The development prospects of RMB offshore markets: Hong Kong and Taiwan as a case study林宜賢 Unknown Date (has links)
離岸金融市場,早期主要是以非居民為對象提供非本幣交易金融服務的國際金融市場。近幾十年來,國際金融市場規模快速成長,同時國際金融功能也不斷擴大,而離岸市場也隨著它的功能不斷調整、擴充,發展出了許多不同的面貌。許多國際貨幣如美元、日圓、歐元也在倫敦、東京、紐約、香港、新加坡這些國際金融城市頻繁且大量的交易。
人民幣目前還不是主要國際貨幣,國際化程度不若這些國際貨幣高,在境外使用也較主要國際貨幣來的少,較具規模的人民幣離岸市場從2010年後在香港漸具雛型。由於中國近年來一系列推動人民幣向境外流動的政策,讓人民幣在全球貨幣的地位逐漸提升,而隨著人民幣在境外流動數量的增加,使得近年來人民幣離岸市場引起國際金融城市的關注,有些地區也加入爭取發展人民幣離岸市場的行列。
由於香港不但是第一個發展人民幣離岸市場的案例,在現今的發展規模上也是最大的境外人民幣中心,因此本研究透過香港發展的條件及路徑,從既有文獻的檢閱、數據的蒐集,並結合對相關人士的訪談,整理歸納國際貨幣離岸市場的發展經驗與香港發展人民幣離岸市場的優劣條件,希望台灣在開放人民幣業務之後,能借鏡當初其他國際貨幣離岸市場與香港發展的一些經驗來做為台灣發展的參考,並結合自身擁有的條件,發揮自身優勢,改善原有劣勢,把握面臨的機會,積極地克服外在的威脅。 / In the early period, offshore financial markets provided non-local currency transaction services to non- residents. In recent decades, as the international financial market grows and expands rapidly, the offshore market and its function also constantly adjust, expand, and develop many different aspects.Many international currencies such as the dollar, the yen, and the euro are also hugely demanded and used in those international financial centers such as London, Tokyo, New York, Hong Kong, and Singapore.
RMB is still not a major international currency nowadays. Its degree of internationalization and frequency of usage outside China are not high as other international currencies, but Hong Kong already develops as an offshore financial market after 2010. Due to China government’s series policies to promote the internationalization of RMB, the international position of RMB is rising. As RMB’s offshore flow increases rapidly, it gets the attention of many international financial cities, and some regions even join to develop as RMB offshore financial markets.
Since Hong Kong is the first offshore financial market and the biggest offshore center of RMB, this study examines its development through reviewing the existing literature, analyzing data, and combining the interviews of stakeholders to sum up the merits of Hong Kong and other international monetary markets. We hope that after opening RMB’s business, Taiwan can actively learn from Hong Kong and these markets, promotes our strengths, improve the weaknesses, seize the opportunities, and overcome external threats.
|
79 |
開放大陸地區人民來台觀光政策之評估李依盈, LEE,YI-YING Unknown Date (has links)
二○○一年年底通過了「大陸地區人民來台從事觀光活動許可辦法」,希望藉由此政策之推行,作為向中國大陸釋出善意的證明,以及挽救台灣觀光產業的處方籤。然而此政策是我國單方面的善意開放,再加上未來全面開放的時間表也沒有確定。因此,有相當多的不確定因素影響到此政策的執行成敗。此外,此政策從二○○二年一月執行至今已發生過多次的跳機(觀光客滯留)事件,致使社會各界均對此政策產生疑慮與擔憂。
因此,本文的研究目的在於:一、為該政策作一全面的檢討評估,以期提供整體性與前瞻性的政策分析與政策建議。二、提出更有效地安全管理機制,以減少中國觀光客在台逾期滯留。
研究歷經文獻檢閱、研究架構之提出、深度訪談與資料分析等過程後,研究所得結果彙整如下:
一、此政策執行至今仍然無法達到其預期的政策目標,讓台灣的觀光產業更加蓬勃發展。
二、旅遊品質與旅遊資源在短期內並非為影響此政策達成目標的關鍵因素;不過以中長期來看,旅遊品質與旅遊資源其實是影響台灣觀光產業發展的一個根本因素,也是最為重要的要素。
三、安全管理機制是必要且重要的,然而安全管理機制與其他因素相較之下,安全管理機制則屬於比較微觀的,比較屬於技術層面的東西。
四、在此開放旅遊的政策中,與中國簽訂旅遊協議其實是最基本的前提要件,屬於最重要的一個影響因素,若是少了這道程序,之後的安全管理機制與旅遊品質都會直接或間接受到影響。
五、今日的安全管理機制難以發揮功效,主要的原因在於我們沒有與中國大陸簽 訂協議。而且即使訂定出一套看似百密而無一疏的安全管理機制,也無法百分之百的杜絕中國旅客來台逾期滯留的問題。
|
80 |
中國大陸全國人民代表大會專門委員會之研究 / A Study of PRC's National People's Congress Special Committee林家彰, Lin, Chia-chang Unknown Date (has links)
在探討委員會制度的理論之中,「形式理論」(formal theory)、「新制度論」(new institutionalism)與「資訊理論」(information theory)等三個理論為學者所廣泛討論。有別於「新制度論」中多以「理性選擇制度主義」(rational choice institutionalism)為主的論述,本文以「歷史制度主義」(historical institutionalism)為導引、新制度應用架構為基礎,建立以「人員組成方式」、「選舉制度」與「輔助立法機構」做為全國人民代表大會專門委員會的三項制約因素。各專門委員會的職權主要可以分為「審議權」、「提案權」、「調查研究權」等三個部分,而研究發現,全國人民代表大會專門委員會確實受到「委員會組成」、「選舉制度」與「輔助立法機構」等三項因素所制約。就制度功能而言,全國人民代表大會專門委員會在發展上的確面臨到三大挑戰:「委員會組成層級偏低」、「間接選舉制度降低選舉效率,導致選區難以與委員會做連結」、「委員會與其他立法輔助機構功能重疊」。
|
Page generated in 0.0249 seconds