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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

ISO 9000系列品保認證對醫院品質、財務與經營成效影響之研究

周珮, Chou, Pei Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要在探討ISO品保認證對醫院品質、財務與經營成效之影響,透過兩個個案醫院(實施ISO認證之醫院)與一個對照醫院(無實施ISO認證之醫院)之比較,以瞭解以下5個研究目的: 1.醫院實施ISO 9000系列品保認證對醫院品質之影響。 2.醫院實施ISO 9000系列品保認證對醫院財務成效之影響。 3.醫院實施ISO 9000系列品保認證對醫院經營成效之影響。 4.經ISO認證之醫院與未經ISO認證之醫院,其表現是否相同? 5.全院通過ISO認證與部分科別通過ISO認證之醫院,其表現是否相同? 本研究取得個案醫院與對照醫院之品質、財務與經營指標以進行分析,研究結果發現,個案醫院實施ISO認證後其品質、財務與經營表現較優於認證前;而個案醫院整體而言品質、財務與經營表現較優於對照醫院。此外兩個個案醫院其一為全院通過ISO認證,另一僅急診部通過ISO認證,研究結果發現全院通過ISO認證之個案醫院其財務與經營表現似優於僅一個科別通過ISO認證之個案醫院。
2

擔保可信度、保證明確度對產品保證效用與購買意願之影響-考慮產品類別及產品知識之干擾效果 / The influences of bond credibility and warranty specificity on warranty utility and purchase intention─considering the moderating effect of product type and consumer's product knowledge

張峻榮 Unknown Date (has links)
為了因應加入WTO後國際知名高價產品的競爭以及東南亞低價產品傾銷的兩面衝擊之下,部分台灣廠商企圖以提供更好的服務來吸引消費者購買而儘量避免價格戰,而產品保證即是其中一項服務差異化的作法。然而產品保證是否影響購買決策,國外文獻對此已有許多研究報告,國內則少有研究,因此本研究擬探討保證明確程度、企業擔保可信度對企業所提供產品保證效用的影響,進而探討產品保證效用如何影響消費者知覺品質和知覺風險,並以產品知識及產品類別作為干擾變數研究其對上述影響的干擾效果。本研究的受測樣本為政大的學生(包括大學部和研究生),採用實驗室實驗法,有效問卷為240份,操弄的變數為擔保可信度(高/低)、保證明確度(高/低)及產品類別(筆記型電腦服務保證/旅行社服務保證),為一2×2×2的實驗因子,共有8個實驗組。研究結果如下:   一、消費者對於擔保可信度較高廠商所提供的產品保證,感受的保證效用較高。   二、消費者對於廠商所提供產品的保證明確度較高者,感受的保證效用較高。   三、相對於擔保可信度低之保證,擔保可信度高之保證其保證明確度對保證效用之正向影響並不顯著。   四、產品保證的效用對消費者的知覺品質有正向的影響,對知覺風險有負向的影響。進一步研究發現:     1.擔保可信度透過產品保證效用的中介進而影響知覺風險;但是不透過產品保證效用而直接正向影響知覺品質。     2.保證明確度透過產品保證效用的中介進而影響知覺品質、知覺風險。     3.產品保證效用透過知覺品質的中介進而影響購買意願;但是不透過知覺風險而直接正向影響購買意願。   五、擔保可信度、保證明確度對產品保證效用的影響並不受產品類別的干擾。   六、擔保可信度、保證明確度對產品保證效用的影響部分受產品知識的干擾。進一步研究發現:     1.產品知識高的消費者面對低擔保可信度廠商時,倘其提供的保證明確度愈高,則感受的產品保證效用愈高。     2.產品知識低的消費者面對低擔保可信度廠商時,倘其提供的保證明確度愈高,並不能使消費者相信此廠商所提供的產品保證。   依研究結果提出下列產品保證政策的建議,作為業者在擬訂保證政策計畫時的參考。   一、廠商所提供產品保證內容、項目及範圍,讓消費者更明確易懂,則消費者感受的產品保證效用會愈高。   二、擔保可信度較高的廠商,其所提供的產品保證效用優於擔保可信度較低的廠商,因此面對新進入者競爭時,可以使用在未來才可能產生直接成本的保證,作為行銷攻擊武器之一。   三、對於知名度不高的新進廠商,不僅要提供更明確的產品保證,同時也要設法增加消費者的產品知識。
3

最低保證提領附約之評價與避險成本分析

張云瀞 Unknown Date (has links)
最低保證提領附約(Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit;GMWB)為變額年金保險之創新型態附約,附有最低保證提領附約之契約,以期初投資總額計算最低保證提領金額,提供被保險人規避連結投資標的物而產生之資產跌價損失風險,給予被保險人於保險契約到期前提領最低保證金額。   本研究依據Milevsky and Salisbury (2006)保證提領附約計價模型及基本假設架構,將附約分解為確定年金與亞式匯率選擇權契約,利用蒙地卡羅方法,計算隱含之避險成本,以2007年台灣定存利率實證分析及對照,探究保險人合理避險成本,藉由保證提領率、無險利率、連結標的物波動度三種參數進行敏感度分析,歸納參數對避險成本之影響,提供保險機構於發行最低保證提領附約時,避險成本之參考依據。   由數值計算結果歸納發現,最低保證提領附約之避險成本與保證提領率、無險利率與標的物波動度三項參數有關,摘要如下: 1. 無險利率與避險成本呈反向關係,給定銀行利率2.34%,每期保證提領率7%,連結標的波動度20%時,保險人之避險成本為270基準點。 2. 標的物波動度與避險成本呈正向關係,於給定本研究條件下,連結標的物波動度為30%時,保險人之避險成本顯著增加為600基準點。 3. 保證提領率與避險成本呈正向關係,於給定本研究條件下,模擬數值結果顯示,保證提領率每增加0.5%,保險人避險成本將再增加20基準點。
4

產品保證與來源國效果對消費者態度影響之研究 / The impact of warranty and country-of-origin on consumers' attitude

蔡和奇, Tsai, He-Chi Unknown Date (has links)
國內的市場日趨自由化,國外的產品不斷的湧入國內,分蝕台灣的市場,國內廠商如何應對是當前必須仔細思考的問題。瞭解影響消費者態度的因素是吸引消費者注意的根本之道,所以,本研究最主要的目的是探討影響消費者態度的因素,以及這些因素是否會因產品來源國不同而有所差異。 根據 LISREL 模型研究的結果發現,產生來自不同的國家,影響消費者態度的因素確實會有所不同。以『Made in Taiwan』的產品而言,影響消費者態度的因素包括:產品保證,消費者認知成本之合理性以及來源國形象。產品保證對消費者態度的影響是直接的,而消費者認知成本之合理性及來源國形象會先影響消費者認知風險,然後再影響消費者的態度,所以是間接的的影響。『Made in Japan』的產品而言,影響消費者態度的因素包括:消費者認知成本之合理性及來源國形象,而且都是直接的影響。以『Made in America』的產品而言,影響消費者的因素只有產品保證,而且是直接的影響。 最後,根據研究的結果提出行銷上的建議,以『Made in Taiwan』產品而言,廠商必須提供良好的產品保證條件,避免定價過高或是採取削價競爭的促銷策略(容易降低消費者認知成本之合理性),政府也必須加強國家形象的提昇,以協助業者提昇『Made in Taiwan』產品在消費者心目中的地位。以『Made in Japan』的產品而言,廠商可以特別強調產品來源國的訊息。另外,在定價策略也必須小心謹慎,避免因價格太低或是過高,而降低消費者對產品的評價。以『Made in America』的產品而言,廠商只需提供較為合理的產品保證即可,其他的訊息皆不會對消費者態度產生影響。 / There are many products made in other countries in Taiwan. How do the products made in Taiwan triumph over the others is one of the issues that entreneures must think about. The purposes of this research were to explore the factors that influence the consumers' attitude, and understand whether these factors will be different when the products come from different countries. The results of this study describes below: 1.The factors influencing the consumers'attitude will be different when the products made in different countries. 2.For the products made in Japan,the factors influencing consumers'attitude include the image of country origin and the rationality of the consumer' perceptive cost. And these influences were direct. 3.For the products made in Taiwan, the warranty of products influence the consumer' attitude directly; but the rationality of the consumers' perceptive cost and image of country origin effect the consumers'attitude through the perceptive risk. 4.For the products made in America, only the warranty of products effect the attitude of the consumers' attitude directly.
5

論保證與保證保險之責任分擔 / A Study on the Contribution of Guarantor and Bonding Insurer

秦嘉瑋, Chin, Jia Wei Unknown Date (has links)
同一債務具有保證保險與保險契約為擔保時,兩擔保制度間之責任分擔並無法明文,實務上僅因保証保險得適用保險法上之相關規定而認為,債務人不履行債務時,在債權人同時擁有保證契約與保證保險之情況下,保險公司若先為保險給付後,其得依保險法第53條之保險代位,向保證人進行全額之求償。此項法律適用之結果宣示保證保險人於擔保地位中更優於保證人之結論。雖於法律條文操作上並無問題。然,其間所隱含之意義是否符合法理解釋,仍值探討。 故本文先從連帶債務與不真正連帶債務此多數債務人間之責任分擔為討論,再就擔保制度間之競合為探討,並檢討此類案例適用保險代位之規定是否符合其法律制度目的。而最後以為,保証保險人與保證人之擔保地位應參酌共同保證之法理,使其平均分擔責任。 而員工誠實保險亦屬於保證保險之一種,在本文之主題上,其恰與民法中人事保證制度互映,因此本文所探討之問題於人事保證及員工誠實保險同時存在時亦有其價值。然因人事保證與員工誠實保險有其法理上特殊之處,故在適用保險法相關規定時應如何解釋,始能與民法之規定相調和,亦值探究。
6

住宅抵押貸款保證保險之探討

陳思瑩 Unknown Date (has links)
國內首家專營住宅抵押貸款保證保險公司-美商聯合保證保險股份有限公司(United Guaranty, UG),已獲得主管機關核准,於民國93年7月20日成立分公司,從事住宅抵押貸款保證保險業務。購屋者可因購買住宅抵押貸款保證保險,而使銀行願意提供高貸款成數的貸款服務,如此購屋者可降低自備款,而銀行的信用風險亦可得到保障。然此類保險業務對保險公司而言風險極大,若遇上經濟蕭條、失業率高漲時,損失率將快速提高,例如:美國於1930年代出現經濟大蕭條,許多產險公司因住宅抵押貸款保證保險業務理賠金額過多而紛紛倒閉,致使美國監理機關規定保險公司承作住宅抵押貸款保證保險業務需採單一險種(mono-line)的方式經營;再者,我國雖於民國54年奉准試辦「住宅抵押貸款償還保證保險」業務,其辦理目的在配合政府實行國宅政策,並協助個人在財力範圍內自置住宅,之後太平產險於民國86年推出「1090專案」,雖有一定的業務量卻也造成不少流弊,使保險公司承擔極大風險,故國內保險監理機關對住宅抵押貸款保證保險業務的態度趨於嚴格。 本文主要在探討住宅抵押貸款保證保險於我國保險法上之適用,及其於實務上運作已發生或可能發生的問題。保險法雖於民國81年增訂保證保險專節,使保證保險有法源依據,但由於規定過於簡單,故我國保險學界與實務界對其定位有相當分歧的看法,住宅抵押貸款保證保險屬保證保險的一種,故藉由探討保證保險的法律性質與定位,以釐清住宅抵押貸款保證保險可能產生法律適用上的疑義。而對於住宅抵押貸款保證保險的實務運作,則是藉由介紹國外住宅抵押貸款保證保險發展與趨勢,針對國內當前金融環境與風險管理的角度,試著提出對國內住宅抵押貸款保證保險發展方向與監理方向上之建議。
7

政府採購履約保證金之研究

朱玉葉 Unknown Date (has links)
履約保證金為政府採購契約重要的擔保工具,依據現行政府採購法規範,履約保證金繳納方式包括:現金、金融機構簽發之本票或支票、保付支票、郵政匯票、無記名政府公債、設定質權之金融機構定期存款單、銀行開發或保兌之不可撤銷擔保信用狀、銀行之書面連帶保證及保險公司連帶保證保險單等。由於這些不同的繳納方式,分別涉及不同的法律規範層面,在制度設計上是否可以達到以履約保證金為上位概念之等值擔保?而實務運作中如何有效減少履約保證金所衍生之採購爭議?委實有深入研究之必要。 / 為能對政府採購履約保證金有較為完整之了解,本論文首先將參考前稽察條例、現行政府採購法規、主管機關解釋函令等,並配合實務見解及學說文獻資料的整理,分別從履約保證金之制度沿革、規範內容、擔保功能及法律性質等面向進行討論;其次,則經由搜集法院實務中有關履約保證金所衍生之爭議案例,嘗試將爭議問題類型化並分別進行問題探討,藉以釐清履約保證金不同繳納方式在實務運作上的差異,期能達成整合各項擔保工具等值性之研究目的。此外,有鑑於目前保證保險在國內政府採購領域窒礙難行之困境,本文亦將採比較法的角度,另以專章討論美國政府採購履約擔保制度中,有關保證狀(surety bond)的使用情形,藉以提供國內保證保險比較的基礎,以期有助於健全國內履約保證金制度的發展與運作。
8

台灣地區旅行業風險管理與保險之研究

陳淑娟, Chen,Shu Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
企業處於現今的經濟環境,其所面臨之風險是多變的,若無防範於未然,倒閉危機將可能發生之結果。尤旅行業屬於高度競爭之產業,業者為求永續經營與維護消費者之權益,更應對可能衍生之風險,落實風險管理。 本研究以風險管理觀點出發,分析旅行業如何辨識並衡量其可能面臨之風險,選擇其風險控制之工具,後續進一步針對旅行業者倒閉風險之風險分散機制探討。旅行業除了投保商業履約保證保險外,另外研究自我保證之可行性。 本研究認為若旅行業採用自我保證方式來取代商業性履約保證保險,將可解決旅行業、銀行與保險公司三方爭議,並享有低費率之履約保證,且同時兼顧消費者之權益。實務上,若要將自我保證付諸實行,仍是有待主管機關、業者、學者研議解決有關法源依據、自我保證基金不足以因應賠款之情事及監督管理辦法等問題。 / Under the current economic environment, enterprises face capricious type of risks. In the absence of preventive measures, enterprises might face the risk of insolvency. This is especially true with the travel business because it is in a highly competitive industry. In order to achieve sustainable operation and protect consumers’ rights and interests, the travel business is advised to implement risk management concept for the risks it is likely to derive. From the point of view of the risk management, the study analyzes the method to identify and measure the risks that the travel industry is likely to face, and it also helps to choose the risk control tools. Furthermore, the study discusses the risk diversification mechanism for insolvency. Besides purchasing the commercial performance bond, the study also analyses the possibility of self-insurance. The study believes that by implementing self-insurance instead of the commercial performance bond, the travel industry will not only solve the tripartite dispute among the industry, banks and insurance companies would also benefit from the lower rates. At the same time, it also takes account of consumers’ interests. In order to put self-insurance into practice, we still require the regulator, industry and academics to resolve the legal issues, insolvency problem of self-guarantee fund, management issues, and the supervision measures to such problems.
9

票券金融公司商業本票保證業務-策略運用與資源配置

吳永秋, Wu, Steve Unknown Date (has links)
民國63年,財經界泰斗劉大中博士等中央研究院六位院士發表「今後台灣財經政策的研討」,極力主張建立台灣的貨幣市場。而後在張茲閩、俞國華、何顯重等金融界大老級人士的鼎力推動下,於民國65、66、67年先後成立了中興、國際、中華三家票券金融公司。以當時的金融環境,在信用工具不足、法令未臻完善的情況下,三家票券金融公司負起工商企業融資管道及政府金融改革執行之重任,同時也被大家詬病壟斷市場,獲取超額利潤,遂有後續81年、84年政府先後開放銀行業經營票券業務及新票券金融公司之成立。也由於新競爭者之加入,票券業主要獲利來源之商業本票業務,由於競爭結果導致授信品質低落、削價競爭等問題出現,票券業獲利亦明顯下降。歷經86年亞洲金融風暴,銀行業及票券業都受傷慘重,政府不得不檢討對票券業授信政策之緊縮,降低其保證倍數,票券業之經營更是雪上加霜。政府除了訂定更加明確之法令規章外,為顧及票券業之生存空間,亦訂法開放數種新業務予票券業,如債券、NIF、FRCP、ABCP及其他諸如CB、CBAS、股權投資等業務。於是有些票券金融公司已開始思考其各自的營運策略與方向,是否仍應以商業本票保證為主要業務?授信業務在面對經營環境之改變下要如何因應?對於開放之各種營運空間是否有能力推展?以現有的組織、人力是否足以因應未來之業務發展趨勢?現已成為業界討論之熱門議題。本文乃就票券業商業本票保證業務過去以來的發展趨勢做一分析探討,以確定其應有地位,並就票券業因應金融商品之創新,在組織結構、人力資源方面應如何配置,以及政府在面對業界金融商品不斷創新、爭取生存空間時應如何輔導等提出一些建言,例如全面性的發行公司信用評等制度之推行、法令規章之鬆綁,以及工商企業應如何與蛻變中之票券業共存共榮等,提出一些建議及思考方向。
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商品(服務)禮券規範與管理之研究 / A Study of Regulation and Control on Product (Service) Gift Certificates

張儒臣 Unknown Date (has links)
商品(服務)禮券之應用行之有年,其對業者具有建立顧客詳細資訊、預收現金周轉金與刺激消費者需求等好處;而消費者有時於獲得預售商品憑證時,享有一定折扣之利益,以此增加顧客購買意願,並可將之轉交於他人或日後使用,減少現金攜帶與交易之不便利性,如果交易能夠順利履行,則禮券發行業者與消費者將可達到原預定雙贏目標。 惟相關業者之償付能力與消費者權益之保障,全憑業者自律而缺乏法制保障,而發行業者良莠不齊,交易糾紛時有所聞,例如:水都健康休閒中心、高峰百貨、新糖主義、亞力山大等倒閉事件,消費者均在不知情之情形下,往往僅見銷售時之折扣,而輕忽了預付型交易之風險,最後均造成消費者權益遭受重大損失。   政府為抑制通貨膨脹,防止商業信用擴張,限制公司藉由商品禮券之發售募集資金,乃由行政院於民國62年時,以國家總動員法第18條為依據,發布了商品禮券發售管理辦法,透過主管機關財政部之嚴格控管,對於持券人之保護甚為周密,消費糾紛因而減少甚多,民國77年,政府宣布解嚴,財政部認為商品禮券之發行已無管理之必要,而於民國78年時宣布廢止商品禮券規範管理辦法。   廢止商品禮券發售管理辦法後,業者往往浮濫發行商品(服務)禮券,但業者償付保證責任與消費者權益保障問題欠缺法規保障,致使交易糾紛頻傳,行政院乃指定經濟部依據消費者保護法第17條規定,公告零售業等商品(服務)禮券定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項,而由於各行各業均有發行禮券情形,各主管機關依據上開範本,本諸職權自行公告,主要內容共計「三要八不」,除了履約保證制度外,並進一步規範諸多不利於消費者之不合理定型化契約條款,禁止出現禮券之使用上,例如:不得記載使用期限、餘額不得消費、限制使用地點、範圍、截角無效等不合理之使用限制、發行人得片面解約之條款、預先免除發行人故意及重大過失責任、違反其他法律強制禁止規定或為顯失公平或欺罔之事項、廣告僅供參考等,藉以導正商業秩序及維護消費者權益。   日本為工商業高度發展國家,其在百貨業與服務業中發行與使用預付卡非常頻繁,例如啤酒券、清酒券、贈禮券、商品券等;此種具有預付卡性質之票券與磁卡,日本將之統稱為「前払式証票」或「プリペイドカード」,意為預付式憑證,這些票券上大多明確地標示面值或物品數量。對上述商品,於1989年12月22日(平成元年)訂定「有關預付式憑證的限制等有關的法律」(前払式証票の規制等に関する法律,以下簡稱「預付式憑證規制法」)、施行令(平成2年政令193號)、施行規則(平成2年大藏省令33號)與保證金規則(平成2年大藏令1號)等,相關法制與管理規範周延,應可作為我國未來訂定商品(服務)禮券或預付型交易管理制度之參考。   消費者購買禮券,已預先支付價金予發行業者,禮券性質即等同現金,目前商品(服務)禮券定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項,規定現行商品禮券之發行人履約保證機制有:金融機構提供足額履約保證;市占率至少5%以上同業同級互保;於金融機構開立信託專戶;由商業同業公會連帶保證協定;其他經主管機關許可,並經行政院消費者保護委員會同意之履約保證方式等。惟履約保證制度將增加業者之營運成本,且因禮券使用者不特定,金額與使用期間難以掌握,目前金融機構基於風險性之考量,承作意願有限,且多對發行業者加諸種種限制,均造成制度推動之困難,惟本文以為,發行人之履約保證責任於商品(服務)禮券制度中,實具有舉足輕重之地位,故本文擬分別就履約保證責任及發行成本與適用範圍進行探討,期能對本項議題有所貢獻。   有鑒於禮券發行之金額龐大,唯有健全商品(服務)禮券之管理機制,方可對消費者權益產生保障。本文擬從「落實資訊揭露與說明義務」、「建置消費者保障機制」、「強化政府管理機制」及「推動制定預付型商品(服務)管理法」等方面加以闡述,期能藉由相關管理保障機制之建構,改變國內現有市場生態,塑造嶄新而健康之經營環境。 / Use of the product (service) gift certificate dates back to many years ago. To businesses, the gift certificate has advantages in compiling detailed information about customers, obtaining cash for operations in advance, stimulating consumer demands, etc. To consumers, the gift certificate benefits them by sometimes offering certain discount when they obtain advance booked product certificates, so as to increase their willingness to buy; the certificate may further be transferred to others or used later on, so as to reduce the inconvenience of carrying cash and dealing. In a successful performance of this type of transaction, the certificate issuer and the consumer are going to reach a win-win situation as projected. However, the ability of related businesses to pay and the protection of consumer rights completely depend on self-discipline of businesses and lack legal protection, while there are bad as well as good issuers, and disputes in transactions are frequently reported, such as the bankruptcy scandals of Spa World Health Club, Kaomart, Twin’s Brothers Bakery, and Alexander Health Club. In those cases, consumers, not knowing enough about the companies, tend to only focus on the sales discount without paying attention to risks involved in prepaid transactions, and thus finally sustain huge loss in their rights and interests. To control the situation of inflation, prevent credit expansion of businesses, and restrain companies’ raising funds by sale of product gift certificates, in 1973 the Executive Yuan promulgated the Regulations on Sale of Product Gift Certificates based on Article 18 of the National Total Mobilization Act. Through strict regulation of the competent authority, Ministry of Finance, protection to certificate holders was complete and perfect, and consumer disputes thus decreased significantly. In 1988, the government declared lifting of martial law, when the Ministry of Finance considered it unnecessary to regulate issuance of product gift certificates, and then announced abolishment of the Regulations on Sale of Product Gift Certificates in 1989. After abolishment of the Regulations on Sale of Product Gift Certificates, businesses tend to over-issue product (service) gift certificates, but the issues of duty of businesses to guarantee reimbursement and protection of consumer rights still lacked legal resolution, so that disputes in transactions happened repeatedly. Therefore, the Executive Yuan instructed the Ministry of Economic Affairs to announce matters that shall and shall not be stated in standardized retail contracts for product (service) gift certificates pursuant to Article 17 of the Consumer Protection Act. And because issuance of gift certificates happens in every industry sector, each competent authority announces regulations under its own authority according to the above-mentioned sample, of which the main contents include “3 Must’s and 8 No’s” in total, where they not only provide the performance guarantee system, but also regulate many unreasonable provisions in standardized contracts that are unfavorable to consumers, and prohibit them from being included in gift certificates, such as expiration date of use, restriction to use of balance, limitation to location and scope of use, invalidation of detached certificate, clause entitling issuer to unilaterally cancel contract, advance waiver of issuer’s intentional and material negligence liability, clause against other mandatory laws and regulations, matters obviously unfair or deceptive, advertisement as reference only, etc., in order to correct commercial order and safeguard consumer rights. Japan is a highly industrialized and commercialized country, where its department stores and service providers frequently issue and use prepaid cards, such as beer coupons, sake coupons, gift coupons, and product certificates. These notes and magnetic cards of the nature of prepaid cards are generally called “前払式証票” or “プリペイドカード” in Japan, meaning prepaid certificates, most of which clearly indicate face value or product quantity. Regarding the aforesaid products, in December 22, 1989 (Year 1 of Heisei) Japan established the “Relevant Limitations on Prepaid Certificates Act” (前払式証票の規制等に関する法律, hereinafter called the “Prepaid Certificate Control Act”), its enforcement order (Year 2 of Heisei政Order No. 193), its enforcement rules (Year 2 of Heisei 大藏省 Order No. 33), the performance bond rules (Year 2 of Heisei 大藏 Order No. 1), etc., so pertinent legal systems and control regulations in Japan have been thorough, which should be able to serve as reference for our country to establish the regulatory framework for product (service) gift certificates or prepaid transactions in the future. Consumers purchase gift certificates by paying issuers the price in advance, so gift certificates equal cash in nature. Currently the matters that shall and shall not be stated in standardized contracts for product (service) gift certificates provide the existing performance guarantee mechanisms for issuers of product gift certificates as follows: financial institutions providing sufficient performance guarantee; similar businesses with a market share of 5% or above in the same trade insuring one another; opening special trust accounts with financial institutions; trade associations signing joint guarantee agreements; and other means of performance guarantee approved by the competent authorities and agreed by the Consumer Protection Commission of the Executive Yuan. However, the performance guarantee system will increase operating costs of businesses, the users of gift certificates cannot be specified, the amount and time of use are hard to control, and the financial institutions today are reluctant to undertake it in consideration of risks and often impose various limitations on issuers. The above reasons all make it difficult to promote the system. However, this paper argues that the performance guarantee responsibility of the issuer indeed plays a crucial role in the product (service) gift certificate system, so this paper plans to separately study performance guarantee responsibility and issuance costs and the applicable scope, expecting to make contribution to this issue.   Given the huge amount of issuance of gift certificates, only reinforcing the regulatory mechanism of product (service) gift certificates can protect consumer rights. This paper plans to argue from the perspectives of “implementing duty of information disclosure and explanation,” “constructing consumer protection mechanism,” “enhancing government regulatory mechanism” and “promoting establishment of the Prepaid Product (Service) Control Act,” with a hope to change the current domestic market landscape by building related regulatory and protection mechanisms, in order to form a new and healthy business environment.

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