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訴訟條件之研究--以刑事訴訟為範圍鄭華合 Unknown Date (has links)
「訴訟條件(Prozesvoraussetzung)」,乃德國民事訴訟法學者Oskar Bulow於一八六八年,在所謂「訴訟法律關係說」之相關論題下所提倡之訴訟法概念,嗣經德國Von Kries於一八八五年將其引入刑事訴訟法理論中,如今已然被廣泛地承認為民、刑事訴訟法學之共通財產。
自從Bulow於一八六八年創立「訴訟條件」後,訴訟條件在德國刑事法學界,隨著對「訴訟」本身性質之論爭,先後有「訴訟法律關係成立條件說」、「實體裁判條件說」、「實體審判條件說」、「全訴訟的許容性條件說」之出現,其發展可認為針對訴訟條件之「訴訟」要素,作了精密之考察與界定。該等理論先後引入日本後,與日本實定法上原先沿襲自法國之形式裁判立法發展(即有關公訴權消滅、免訴事由、公訴駁回事由以及管轄錯誤之立法,該等條文與事由之沿革與修訂,可認為在是訴訟條件之「條件」因素上進行類型化之工作)產生了一連串的交會、碰撞,進而導致密切之結合。表現此結合,最具代表性的是團藤博士之「公訴權理論否認論」、免訴裁判之「實體關係的形式裁判說」以及「形式訴訟條件與實體訴訟條件」之區分,「公訴權理論否認論」解釋了「公訴權消滅」相關條文之刪除,並使公訴權理論成為訴訟條件理論之一個面向;後二者,則使「免訴」與「不受理」判決之區別獲得理論基礎,並將法定形式裁判之事由,內化為訴訟條件之事由。在這樣的訴訟條件蓬勃氣象下,日本因戰敗,刑事訴訟法在承繼前開法、德大陸法之下,又強迫性地繼受了美國之當事人進行主義。在當事人進行主義之下,「當事人」凸顯為訴訟法之焦點,影響之下,檢察官之公訴權重獲重視(但重點在於抑制公訴而非強化公訴),被告之保障成為首要之考量,訴訟條件乃朝向「『起訴』條件說」發展,其表現則有「公訴權理論之復活」(引發「公訴權濫用論」之出現)、「訴訟條件之實質化與擴大化」(包括將訴訟條件之「訴訟」概念擴及「起訴」,「條件」概念則擴大成「超法規」)。我國由於刑事訴訟法主要繼受日本之大正刑事訴訟法,目前又有朝向當事人進行主義修法之種種提議與動向,有關訴訟條件之相關見解可認為是站在日本舊法發展之高點上(此所以學者多採團藤教授之見解),觀望日本新法之新動向(此所以平野、高田、青柳、松尾、田宮等教授之見解,日漸受到重視)。
本篇論文主要係以刑事訴訟上「訴訟條件」之相關課題作為研究對象與範圍。因此,方法上在確定相關問題點之後,即先嘗試回顧「訴訟條件」之理論構成與沿革,藉以重現訴訟條件之原始意涵與變革脈絡,期能有效掌握訴訟條件之理論基礎,以作為訴訟條件概念之思考基準;隨後則分析學者對訴訟條件之定義、分類以及類似概念之比較,並就訴訟條件之本質、機能及範圍加以檢討,以便界定訴訟條件之概念與地位,俾供往後相關課題討論之所本。此即【第二章 訴訟條件理論之歷史沿革】與【第三章 訴訟條件概念之掌握與界定】。至於【第四章 法定的訴訟條件】、【第五章 超法規的訴訟條件】,則透過分析訴訟條件與「判決」、「起訴」之關係,藉以釐清實定法上免訴、不受理、管轄錯誤以及絕對不起訴處分之事由與訴訟條件之關連,並進而明瞭超法規的訴訟條件事由之生成、內涵及發展動向。【第六章 訴訟條件在訴訟上之處理】則依據第二章、第三章之基準與前提,針對訴訟條件事由在刑事訴訟適用上所面臨之種種問題作個別之討論;至於【第七章 結論】,則為本論文報告之研究所得整理。
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隨機波動模型(stochastic volatility model)--台幣匯率短期波動之研究 / Stochastic volatility model - the study of the volatility of NT exchange rate in the short run王偉濤, Wang, Wei-Tao Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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行政管理資訊系統使用者參與效果之研究-技術接受性模式檢證 / Research of User Participatin in Public Management Information System -Testing of Technology Acceptance Model陳焜元, Chen, Kuen Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
Osborne & Gaebler在所著的「新政府運動」(Reinventing Government)一書中,曾引述戴明(W. D. Deming)博士所倡導的「全面品質管理」(Total Quality Management)概念指出:員工的參與才能有效的解決問題,因為員工最了解制度,而且最清楚癥結所在。這樣的提示,雖早被管理者重視且廣泛地運用在組織活動的設計範疇中,不過,就參與效能的評估與改善,仍有不少值得再予強調的課題。本研究既係依此觀點,藉由檢視使用者參與行政管理資訊系統發展過程之現象,提供一個思索的空間。
整體研究架構,以檢證Davis所提出的技術接受性模式為基準,同時透過此一模式了解使用者參與在系統使用行為上造成模糊結果的原因,進而提醒行政管理者,在系統發展或執行過程,勿陷入以效率掛帥的功能主義典範窠臼,對於溝通、平等與尊重等新人性主義典範所揭示的概念應予適度關注。也就是說,在民主的工作環境下,應將本身視為組織生活的目的,而非僅有工具性價值;參與效能的評估不僅須針對「結果」而且應顧及「過程」。
在上述要旨下,關於研究實體部分,經就文獻分析、實證調查結果的發現與筆者實務經驗,提出以下結論與建議:
(一)技術接受性模式,尚可適度詮釋國內行政管理資訊系統使用者的使用行為。惟其適用的分析情境、態度與行為關係之假定,仍有再作深入探究之必要。
(二)參與及系統使用行為關係之研究,不僅可透過置入中介變項的權變研究觀點來了解,分析使用者在這二行為間的心理歷程,對於改善參與效能而言,亦是一種可行的途徑。
(三)使用者對系統有用性及簡易性的認知,是影響系統使用態度、意向及行為的二大要素。其中有用性的認知更具決定性地位。
(四)使用者參與效能的模糊結果,除了源於理論欠紮實、研究模式過於簡化,以及研究方法上的瑕疵以外,研究上未仔細區辨系統使用情境之差異亦為主因。不過,參與究非萬靈丹,無定論的結果,並不代表即是一種錯誤。
(五)參與效能的改善,除了管理當局的支持與專家協助以外,有賴從加強系統發展者與使用者的教育訓練著手。
(六)自主性的系統使用情境下,使用行為(頻率)始能較正確地詮釋使用者接受程度。
(七)未來應重視以系統發展者與使用者互動作為分析單元的研究。
至於在行政管理實務上,本研究所欲表達的主要意念是:員工的參與及評估的步驟是缺一不可的。因為,沒有評估的參與,則參與無法發揮實際的效果,充其量僅具象徵性的價值;而僅有評估卻無參與活動,這樣的評估除了可能是膚淺、不切實際以外,在實務上存在的機率亦不大。公部門的決策及管理階層,面對高度層級節制的組織文化,能否擺脫「官大學問大」心態,而以恢宏的胸襟與氣度,善用與因應來自員工的意見,塑造具有參與效能的情境,將是成功地推展各項事務最基本的前提要件。
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都市服務設施鄰避效果之研究 / A Study of the NIMBY Effect of the Urban Service Facilities何紀芳, Ho, Chi Fang Unknown Date (has links)
所謂都市服務設施係指「提供社會、文化、經濟、政治與宗教等服務機能之都市設施」。但由於都市服務設施的種類與使用性質的不同,對都市環境或生活品質也產生不同的影響,有些對環境有正面的「迎毗」效果,有些卻會產生負面的「鄰避」效果,而有些則是迎毗效果與鄰避效果同時存在。
以往有關鄰避效果的研究,無論是國內外多只是就個案或是某類設施進行探討,在界定迎毗效果與鄰避效果時也過於主觀,因而對具有鄰避效果之設施的探討未盡完整。因此本研究運用環境行為的研究方法,以台北地方生活圈為研究範圍,自居民的接受意願與鄰避指數來界定鄰避效果,並尋求都市居民為何會對都市服務設施產生鄰避的心理或行為,以及影響鄰避的因素,最後驗證本研究所建立的都市服務設施鄰避效果之概念模式。
根據研究成果所獲得的結論與建議如下:
一、本研究所建立的「都市服務設施鄰避效果」概念模式有資訊、動機、環境態度、經驗、個人屬性、與都市階層等六個概念因子,而中介因子為接受意願。
二、根據都市居民的接受意願可以將都市服務設施劃分為「不願意接受」、「接受意願態度混雜」、與「願意接受」三個層級;而以鄰避指數度量鄰避效果,則可發現都市服務設施的鄰避效果依輕重程度可以劃分為四個等級:「不具鄰避效果」、「輕度鄰避效果」、「中度鄰避效果」、與「高度鄰避效果」。
三、大多數的環境認知與態度不會因受訪者所在的都市階層不同而受影響。而將環境認知與態度經因子分析操作後,各都市階層抽出的因子結構不甚相同,經調整後可得出四個影響都市服務設施接受意願的因子,分別是資訊、環境態度、動機、與經驗。此外,檢驗概念模式中的概念因子與接受意願的互動關係,發現除了經驗與都市階層二個因子與研究假設一致,其餘三個都與假設有所差異。
四、策略建議方面:建議從法規面、規劃者角色定位、土地使用規劃、及都市服務設施管理方面考慮改善鄰避效果之策略。 / Urban service facilities are those that provide "social, cultural, economic, political, and religious functions." Due to different types and functions, these facilities will have varied impacts on environment. Some are positive, and hence "YIMBY" (Yes-ln-My-Back-Yard) facilities; some are negative, and hence "NIMBY" (Not-ln-My-Back-Yard) facilities; some have both effects.
Previous studies dealing with NIMBY effects were mostly case studies or studies that focused on certain types of facilities. In addition, most previous studies were based on subjective concepts to define NIMBY effects. Therefore, this thesis adopts Environment-Behavior research method to study NIMBY effects of urban service facilities in Taipei area. Using the "willingness-to-accept" concept and the "NIMBY indicator," this thesis defines NIMBY effects of urban service facilities. This thesis also seeks to explore why citizens demonstrate NIMBY syndrome, and what factors affect NIMBY syndrome. The conceptual model of NIMBY effects is verified as well.
The conclusion and suggests are as follows:
1. The conceptual model of "NIMBY effects urban service facilities" consists of information, motivation, environmental attitudes, experience, personal attributes, and urban hierarchy. The intervening factor is the willingness to accept.
2. According to the willingness to accept, urban service facilities can be categorized as "not-willing-to-accept," "mixed attitudes," and "willing-to-accept." Using the NIMBY indicator concept to measure NIMBY effects, NIMBY effects can be classified as "no NIMBY effects," "small NIMBY effects," "moderate NIMBY effects," and "serious NIMBY effects."
3. Most environmental attitudes will not vary in different urban hierarchies. The results of factor structures of environmental attitudes are varied in different urban hierarchies. After adjustment, four factors influencing the willingness to accept urban service facilities can be extracted: information, environmental attitudes, motivation, and experience. In addition, in examining the relationships between the conceptual model and the willingness to accept, only experience and hierarchies are consistent with our hypotheses.
4. This thesis suggests four possible directions to mitigate NIMBY effects and the NIMBY syndrome: regulations, planners' roles, land use planning, and urban facility management.
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國民教育階段中的宗教自由─多元文化主義的觀點 / Religious freedom in mandated education context─a multiculturalism perspective林榮光 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文係從多元文化主義之觀點來探討國民教育階段中的宗教自由。我國憲法第159條規定:「國民受教育之機會一律平等」。然而學生在教育過程中實質的平等受教育機會卻與其文化認同有密切的關係。如果學生的獨特文化認同不能在主流教育體制中受到尊重與接納,連帶的也會影響其學習上的成功機會。而透過對於法律「兼顧容納宗教自由」之案例的反省與分析,本論文引出了「宗教也是一深刻文化認同」之看法。筆者根據此一看法來重新思索宗教與國民教育之關係,並認為在憲法基本權利的層次,為了兼顧容納信徒基於宗教認同所產生之需求,我們必須承認「宗教學生平等受教育的權利」與「父母宗教教育之自由」。然而國家在國民教育階段中兼顧容納宗教自由,除了不應違背「政教分離」原則之外,也應以「民主教育」作為兼顧容納之重要界限。以上述想法為基礎,本論文也於最後具體探討我國的教育規範與教育實踐應如何作出調整,以建構一個兼顧信仰與學習的教育環境。 / This dissertation discussed religious freedom in mandated education context from a multiculturalism perspective. Article 159 of ROC Constitution provides, “The educational opportunities of citizens are equal.” Understood in a subjective sense, equal educational opportunities of students have much to do with their cultural identities. If a student’s unique cultural identity cannot be respected and accommodated in mainstream education system, his or her opportunities to success in the education process will be limited seriously. Through the discussion of cases of “accommodation of religious freedom”, this dissertation tried to propose the view that religion is also a profound cultural identity. Accordingly, the author indicated that in order to accommodate believers religious identity, “the equal educational rights of religious students” and “the freedom of religious education of parents” should be recognized in mandated education context. However, the efforts to accommodate religious freedom should also be balanced by the principles of democratic education, in addition to the requirements of secularism in public schools. Based on the ideas mentioned above, this dissertation reviewed educational regulations and practices in Taiwan in the final section, and proposed the ways to construct a education environment in which both the believers’ needs to learn and to develop religious identity can be respected and attended properly.
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論生物醫學人體研究受試者之保護:以告知後同意及相關行政管制為核心 / On the protection of human subjects in biomedical researches:the informed consent and the related administrative regulations林綠紅 Unknown Date (has links)
紐倫堡法典之後,生物醫學研究中人類受試者的處境開始受到關注。為避免受試者遭到濫用,進而保障其權益,國際間陸續頒佈與人體研究受試者保護相關之倫理規範,而各國亦逐步將倫理規範落實為國內法規,作為管制手段。涉及受試者之人體研究倫理規範與法規中,自紐倫堡法典以降,逐步確立以告知後同意以及倫理審查為核心,建立確保受試者自主權之管制機制,作為平衡受試者與研究者兩方在知識與處境上的不平等的關係。
本文以當代生物醫學上告知後同意法則發展,以及人體研究受試者保護之相關行政管制為取徑,首先,考察人體研究所涉及的法律、倫理的爭議,以及相關倫理規範發展。進而探討告知後同意在當代生命倫理與醫療法律之意義、內涵,以及如何實踐於生物醫學人體研究上作為確保受試者自主權之手段及所遭遇之限制。其次,分析並比較美國、荷蘭以及我國受試者保護之法規體系,並進一步討論其特色與優、劣。最後,探討我國人體研究受試者保護法規範之現況與不足,並提出法律修正上的建議。 / Since Nuremberg Code, the biomedical researches involving human subjects, based upon the informed consent and human autonomy, has drawn the increasing public attention. The related normative restrictions as well as legal regulations have been regarded as a significant way to abuse-avoidance and interest-protection on the part of human subjects involved. Thus, it becomes a confirmed tendency that the constitution of normative and legal foundation with a consideration of informed consent and ethico-medical review can ensure the human autonomy and strike a balance between the researchers and human subjects.
In this thesis, we focus on the development of informed consent and the related normative/legal regulations. Several issues which we will deal with can list as follows: firstly, the trajectory and its legal/ethical controversies, with which the biomedical researches involving human subjects develop and revolve, will be clarified, so as to investigate the ethical/legal implications of informed consent and human autonomy. Secondly, by making a comparison of legal regulations among the United States, Holland and Taiwan, we will illustrate the advantages and drawbacks that different legal systems have on the biomedical researches involving human subjects. At the last part of this thesis, several possible suggestions will be provided to the future legislation on the biomedical researches involving human subjects.
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Koha圖書館自動化系統在台灣之應用 / Application for koha integrated library systems in Taiwan張琇婷, Chang, Hsiu Ting Unknown Date (has links)
隨著時代的變遷,圖書館員和使用者對於圖書館自動化系統的功能和現況漸漸產生許多不滿與問題。由於系統的開發過程封閉且原始碼無法取得,使圖書館只能另覓其他的自動化系統產品。開放程式的發展在二十一世紀隨著網際網路的發展受到重視。開放程式的圖書館自動化系統讓使用者除了使用還可以有複製、散佈、研究、改寫、再利用的自由。
本研究旨在探討台灣開放程式圖書館自動化系統的引進與發展現況,以Koha系統為研究對象,首先由文獻探討獲得圖書館自動化的現況、開放程式碼的發展,及開放程式應用於圖書館自動化系統之現況,並依據TAM科技接受模式為基礎設計問卷問項與進行分析,接著由訪談的方式深入瞭解台灣使用Koha系統的現況與問題,訪談對象包括使用Koha系統之圖書館以及與Koha系統相關的單位或個人,最後進行問卷調查與訪談資料整理分析。
本研究結果如下:1.台灣開放程式圖書館自動化系統的現況:台灣引進Koha系統始於2005年,由輔大圖資系毛慶禎副教授提倡Koha中文繁體的發展。使用對象多為中小學圖書館與對開放程式有興趣者,由於政府政策的影響,未來繼續使用Koha系統之中小學圖書館將銳減。2.圖書館使用開放程式圖書館自動化系統之動機:(1)圖書館未自動化;(2)缺乏購買系統的經費;(3)經由推廣取得;(4)對應用開放軟體有興趣;(5)過去使用過的圖書館自動化系統不成功;(6)教學使用;(7)有良好的技術支援協助。3.對Koha系統接受度不高:Koha系統由於技術支援、易用性與滿意度不足,以及受到政府政策影響,導致其接受度不高。4.成功使用開放程式圖書館自動化系統之因素:(1)教育訓練與交接完整;(2)其他人力支援;(3)技術支援;(4)介面親和;(5)功能容易使用;(6)館員態度積極。5.使用開放程式圖書館自動化系統失敗之原因與困難:(1)教育訓練不足;(2)缺乏人力;(3)缺乏技術支援;(4)功能不全;(5)系統說明手冊不完整;(6)介面不親和;(7)技術門檻較高。
本研究結果可提供台灣未來發展開放程式圖書館自動化系統的參考方案,觀察使用Koha系統圖書館失敗的原因以及與Koha系統相關單位兩方的觀點與困難,發現其中產生的問題,給予Koha系統、使用者與在地團隊建議。 / As the wheel of time turns, librarians and users of the integrated library system(ILS) become to be unsatisfied the features of ILS. Because of the developing process is closed and the unavailability of the source code, libraries have to try other ILS products for further development. Open source ILS is one of options, it gives users the freedom to copy, distribute, research, rewrite and reuse.
The purpose of this research is to study the current developing situation of open source ILS in Taiwan. We use Koha system as research case. By studying related papers, we captured the current situation of ILS, the development of open source, and the application of open source ILS. Using the questionnaires based on technology acceptance model (TAM) and interviews, we enhance our understanding of the current use and question about the Koha system in Taiwan.
The findings are as follows: 1.Current view of open source ILS in Taiwan: Prof. Mao has been distributing the developing of Koha in traditional Chinese since 2005. Users who used Koha system are mainly libraries in junior-high schools and elementary schools and those who are interested in Koha system. Due to the policy of Ministry of Education, the usage of Koha system in libraries in senior-high schools and elementary schools will be significantly less after 2010. 2. Reasons why libraries use open source ILS were categorized as follows :(1)Libraries was not automated; (2)Libraries were not automated successfully; (3)Libraries adopted Koha from promotion; (4)Libraries had insufficient budget; (5)Libraries had good technical supports; (6)Schools used Koha for education training purpose; (7)Schools were interested in the usage of open source. 3.The reasons of low acceptance of the Koha system: (1)Lack of technical supports; (2)Koha system was hard to use for average users; (3)Ministry of Education command the elementary and secondary schools to adopt new ILS. 4.Factors of the success adoption of the open source ILS: (1)Complete education training for users; (2)Other human resource support; (3)Technical support; (4)Friendly user interface; (5)Ease of use; (6)Positive attitude. 5.Reasons of the failure of library automation system and its difficulties: (1)Lack of training; (2)Lack of human support; (3)Lack of technical supports; (4)Incomplete features; (5)Incomplete system manual; (6)Unfriendly user interface; (7)Higher technology requirement.
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關係人交易下董事及控制股東之義務 / The obligation of directors and controlling shareholders in the related party transactions鍾維翰, Chung, Wei Han Unknown Date (has links)
近年來我國屢次爆發掏空公司資產之弊案,而細究其掏空之方式,多係藉由公司之交易行為,將公司資產不法輸送予特定人士。我們不難發現這些特定人士時常某程度與公司之董事或控制股東,具有一定之利害關係,甚至這些特定人士即為董事或控制股東本身。正因如此,關係人交易在我國公司治理議題上逐漸受到重視,並引起廣泛之討論,尤其針對具有董事或控制股東身分之人。由於此兩類身分之人同時具有掌握公司資訊及影響公司經營決策之權力,更易藉此方式自公司謀取私利。
我國對於關係人交易下董事之義務,雖已有規範,然而自比較法之觀點,美國法對此部分顯然較我國完備,不僅對於關係人交易設有事前之董事行為標準,並且對於符合行為標準之關係人交易,給予董事安全港之保護。同時,配合司法實務上所發展之司法審查標準,採取寬嚴不一的審查模式,使董事得於關係人交易中合理預測訴訟風險。一方面可降低關係人交易中非常規交易發生之可能性,另一方面亦不至於全然扼殺關係人交易在現代經濟社會中產生之正面價值。我國法之董事義務既是繼受英美法上受任人義務之概念,因此本文嘗試分析美國法中關於關係人交易之相關規定,希冀做為我國修法之參考以求法制之完備。
又我國現行公司法在控制股東義務方面,似存在重大之法律漏洞。尤其在關係人交易下,有心人士為規避擔任董事可能帶來之相關義務,轉而選擇置身於幕後,成為不具董事身分卻實際掌握公司經營決策權之控制股東。此無疑對於欲利用關係人交易不法掏空公司之人,開啟方便之大門。事實上,在英國及美國法上對於控制股東在特定情況下課予如同公司董事一般之受任人義務,而本文則將其焦點限縮在關係人交易下控制股東之義務,經由整理分析英美兩國法制上之條文、學說及重要判決,以期建構出我國規範關係人交易下控制股東義務之依據。
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探討心理興奮性藥物之環境相依行為致敏化之神經行為機制 / Investigation of the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying context-dependent behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants林懷瑠 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以心理興奮性藥物(psychosimulants)引發之行為致敏化作為探討環境與藥物的配對學習如何影響個體長期使用藥物後對藥物的反應。首先於實驗一建立安非他命引發自發活動致敏化基本模式,以及不同的重複注射情境下致敏化的表現,結果顯示經由本實驗操弄注射情境的程序可有效引發在測試箱、飼養籠,和第三處的安非他命致敏化表現,並且致敏化自發活動表現量在測試箱組顯著高於飼養籠組和第三處組。實驗二對致敏化形成歷程中可能與安非他命配對的刺激進行消除,以釐清致敏化形成歷程中連結學習的要素,結果顯示消除程序沒有降低致敏化活動量的效果。實驗三使用中樞注射麩胺酸受體拮抗劑NBQX於依核以影響致敏化的連結學習歷程,結果顯示該操弄可阻斷在飼養籠重複注射安非他命引發的行為致敏化。測試箱組經過該操弄後其致敏化活動量顯著降低但仍有顯著的致敏化活動量表現。實驗四分別破壞前額葉皮質兩處次級區塊以瞭解其在致敏化連結學習歷程中扮演的角色,結果顯示破壞背側前額葉皮質只阻斷在飼養籠注射安非他命所引起的行為致敏化,破壞腹側前額葉皮質只阻斷測試箱組行為致敏化。綜合上述研究結果顯示安非他命引發致敏化的形成深受藥物配對的環境影響而可區分環境相依與環境獨立之行為致敏化,環境相依行為致敏化的行為機制可由場合建立的觀點加以解釋。在依核內之麩胺酸傳導和前額葉皮質次級區塊之功能在兩種行為致敏化上的差異可以反應環境相依和環境獨立行為致敏化的潛在神經機制可能有所不同。 / The present study investigated the neurobehavioral mechanisms of d-amphetamine (AMP) induced behavioral sensitization, with the aim to elucidate the role of associative learning between the context and drug. Experiment 1 compared the sensitization effects of repeated (AMP) conducted in three different contexts by the measurement of locomotion activity. The results showed that behavioral sensitization of locomotion was significantly induced AMP repeatedly injected in each of the contexts. However, the magnitudes of behavioral sensitization were different among those three conditions. The highest degree of sensitized locomotion was observed in the group with repeated AMP conducted in the test box in comparing to the other two groups with drug administration in the home cage and a third place, Experiment 2 was designed to examine the effects of extinction on the injection procedure and the contextual cue on the behavioral sensitization of AMP induced in the test box, the home cage, and a third place. The resu lts clearly indicate all three types of locomotion sensitization were resistant to the manipulation of extinction. Experiment 3 tested the effects of NBQX, a glutamatergic AMPA receptor antagonist, infused into the nucleus accumbens on the establishment of behavioral sensitization of AMP induced in the test box and the home cage. This intra-accumbens NBQX treatment significantly suppressed the formation of behavioral sensitization of AMP induced in the home cage, but not in the test box. Experiment 4 investigated the lesion effects of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on the establishment of behavioral sensitization of AMP induced in the test box and the home cage. Two subareas of the mPFC, dorsal and ventral parts, were lesioned by ibotenic acid. The findings indicated a double dissociation existing in the mPFC subareas for the behavioral sensitization of AMP induced in different contexts. The lesion of ventral mPFC inhibited the formation of behavioral sensitization of AMP induced in the test box, whereas the lesion of dorsal mPFC attenuated the AMP sensitization induced at the home cage. Together, these data suggest that the association of the repeated drug effects pairing to the context is critical for the development of behavioral sensitization. Such sensitization can further be differentiated into the context-depentdent and context-independent forms based on the uniqueness of contextual cue in the environment where drug is administered. Different neural substrates are involved in the establishment of behavioral sensitization of AMP.
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從科技接受整合模型探討民眾對電子化政府入口網的使用意圖 / To explore people’s intentions to use e-government portal from integrated technology acceptance models林衍儒 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以科技接受模型為基礎,企圖整合資訊品質、系統品質和網站服務品質作為認知有用性和認知易用性的前置變項,期待了解三種品質構面對科技接受模型的影響效果,藉以探討民眾在使用電子化政府入口網時,會受到何種網站品質的影響,增加其使用意圖,以獲得對電子化治理的相關理解。另外本研究並嘗試以形成性指標的方式建構三種品質構面,以修正過去文獻誤用品質構面為反映性指標的情形。
透過線上問卷系統*蒐集1459位民眾的意見後,本文的研究結果顯示對認知易用性影響最大者為網站服務品質,認知有用性則受到認知易用性最大影響。對使用意圖有最大影響者為使用者的態度。三種品質的形成性指標對品質構面皆可達到顯著,在解釋上較為符合品質構面應為形成性指標的建構形式。文後並提供了對政府建置政府網站的實務建議,希冀能夠對未來政府網站建置提供參考。 / Based on technology acceptance model(TAM), this study develops a reaserach model that integrate information quality, system quality and website service quality as antecedents of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The purpose of study is to explore how the three quality might influence technology acceptance model, and what might strengthen user intention on e-government portal website. In addition, this study develops quality constructs as “formative-indicators”rather than reflective ones to correct the misuse of some literatures.
The model is then tested using a sample of 1459 users from online survey and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. The results show that(1) website service quality(WSQ) have the most effects on ease of use(EOU), and that (2)ease of use have the most effects on usefulness(PU). They also demonstrate that (3)attitude predit user intention the most. The significance illustrate logically the relation between formative-indicators of three quality and the constructs. Implications of this study for research and practice are presented.
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