本研究闡述了為因應PC整體市場的逐漸萎縮，以個案公司所處的顯示卡產業如何透過4D服務設計(Service Design)的邏輯及設計思考(Design Thinking)的系統思維，替現有的商業模式(Business Model)詮釋出另一符合未來需求的新商業模式。透過以人為本之價值共創的服務設計模型，確認相關的利害關係人，並實際訪談各利害關係人後，深入分析使用者潛在問題及需求，以不同視角來找出創新的洞見(Insight)。依據此洞見來發展可行的方案，並展開成為完整的服務系統，再將此服務系統雛型具體化產出後進行風險分析。最終的研究結果訴諸以形塑出新的商業模式來具體呈現。

在國內文化創意產業蓬勃發展之際，因外在環境的景氣不佳，讓不少廣告客戶緊縮預算，加上外商的廣告集團逐漸將市場經營重心移至中國，台灣廣告代理業似乎走到了谷底。然而，新創T公司不同於上述消極態度，認為應該改變規則，主動形塑新局面，因為外在環境愈是艱困，愈能突顯自我的存在價值，而且本土廣告業者具有機動性高與應變能力強的優勢，反而會比外商廣告集團多了自由揮灑的舞台空間，更有機會來取得廣告客戶的青睞。 本研究採用質性研究法，選擇T公司個案來呈現，因這家新創公司的經營思維與特色，在國內的廣告代理業可謂是首見，本研究的目的是對比、分析T公司與傳統廣告代理商的商業模式，進而找出兩者之間的差異處，主要是依據兩位學者Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010)所提出的商業模式圖(Business model canvas)作為研究模型。 研究結果發現，雖然T公司有著資金和技術能力等限制變數，但為了貢獻公司本身的更大價值，藉由改變服務的顧客群，來跳脫它與傳統廣告代理商間「非贏即輸」的零合競爭局勢，進而創造出互利多贏的協同合作商機，T公司選擇做與競爭者不同的事，運用策略聯盟方式，來連結廣告及行銷公司，對內採用資源整合與業務整合來傳遞行銷服務的優勢，對外組成最適化的夥伴團隊，分進合擊來開發廣告客戶的新生意。 多數的台灣廣告代理商，已面臨廣告本業的成長力道不足以因應數位洪流來臨的速度與壓力，本研究相信經營管理階層可透過商業模式創新來尋求再度演進，亦即廣告代理商需跳脫原來的核心領域與舒適圈，懂得對應數位化所引發的領導、策略、組織及人才等各方面問題，繼而創造出比廣告核心更核心的東西；本研究建議傳統廣告業者須要積極轉型、全面革新，以適應截然不同的數位思維，建立跨領域的團隊，開創出具有成長利基的新商業機會。 / Although cultural creativity industry in Taiwan is blooming, many potential advertising clients in various fields have tightened their budgets due to the economical adversity. In addition, foreign advertising communication groups have gradually shifted their marketing management focus to Mainland China, advertising agencies seem to have a serious slump. However, different from other pessimistic advertising communication groups, Agency T, a newly established advertising firm, has a more aggressive approach. Agency T believes that the slower the economy is, the more value of an advertising agency can be shown. The advantages of higher flexibility and quicker mobility than foreign agencies would have better chances to impress their potential clients more. Agency T was selected as the case study for its innovative business management philosophy and uniqueness in its industry. In this research, a business model was developed based on Business Model Canvas proposed by Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010); a qualitative analysis method was used to compare and analyze the difference between the business models of Agency T and other conventional advertising agencies. The research result has shown that although Agency T had limited resources and technical ability, by providing service to a different clientele group to create a “multi-win” cooperative business opportunity with its rivalry instead of joining “winner takes all” biddings against other conventional advertising companies, it generated a greater profit. Not only by consolidating resources and sales to deliver a message of its marketing service advantages to its clients, it also strategically allied with advertising and marketing firms to form a tailor-made team to develop new business. Most local Taiwanese advertising agencies have been facing the pressure of the growth recession in advertising demand and speed of digitalization. This research has proved that the management level executives can create new business opportunities by developing another innovative business models. In other words, advertising firms must jump out of their core field and comfort zone in addition to solving problems involving leadership, strategies, organizations and talents triggered by digitalization. This way, a core field that is “more core” than the advertising field will be developed. This research suggested conventional advertising firms ought to transform, revolutionize to adapt digitalization and to establish interdisciplinary teams to generate profitable business prospects.

自桃園國際機場於2010年由桃園機場公司接手經營以來，入境旅客量平均年成長率達到10％，致使相關服務設施負荷量可能會有超載之情況發生，其中客運轉運站作為桃園機場最主要的聯外交通設施，考驗更是首當其衝，機場公司不僅要能提出有效改善疏運效率之方案，同時必須掌握旅客之需求，考量客運業者之接受程度，調整經營模式，才能在變動的環境下持續發展。據此，本研究目的在於提出當客運轉運站面對負荷量不足之問題時，如何透過對價值核心本質的探究，調整自身經營模式，期望能做為未來欲進駐轉運站之業者及其他交通樞紐票務整合參考。 本研究對象為桃園機場公司、九家駐點客運業者及入境旅客，並檢視其互動關係，為了解現有經營模式與調整後經營模式與顧客需求之適配性，本研究運用Osterwalder & Pigneur（2012,2015）的商業模式畫布及價值主張圖來建立研究流程及架構，利用一對一訪談、德菲法、實地觀察法及次級資料收集個案研究所需之證據。 個案分析首先分析票務整合前之營運模式及評估售票大廳負荷量，得知負荷量超載之情況確實存在，分析後認為必須從疏運旅客的效率著手，建議採用自動化售票機及票務整合解決方案，接著針對入境旅客及客運業者進行價值主張研究，發現客運業者現行之價值主張並無法滿足入境旅客之需求。 有鑑於此，本研究將解決方案之價值地圖與入境旅客之顧客素描進行適配，並針對解決方案仍無法滿足之需求做價值主張調整，確認入境旅客與客運業者最終之價值主張，最後依此價值主張套用商業模式畫布九大構面，提出入境旅客策略之商業模式及客運業者策略之商業模式。 本研究結論除了提出針對入境旅客及客運業者策略之商業模式外，也透過完整針對問題進行分析，提出以下建構解決流程之建議： 一、 須先對研究問題進行分析，確認問題之嚴重性並藉此提出可能之方案， 二、 透過價值主張圖來找出顧客實際上之需求，並針對未被滿足之部分進行價值主張調整，獲取最終價值主張， 三、 將此價值主張發展成商業模式，以確實改善研究之問題。 本研究貢獻於其他轉運站或以櫃檯販售車票之機構在面對如負荷量不足之問題時，可作為做法上之參考，然由於本研究並非實際分析現存之個案作法研究，有其研究上之限制，因此需簡化轉運站所面對之問題情況，透過次級資料檢驗分析之邏輯是否合理。 / Since Taoyuan Airport Corporation took over Taoyuan International Airport in 2010, the average growth rate of visitors arriving to Taiwan has increased by 10% . This increase of visitors resulted in the overloading of relevant services and facilities, especially the public bus station which is the main transportation used by visitors. As a result the corporation will have to : (1) Propose improvement programs for the more efficient distribution of passengers；(2) Get a better grasp of the needs of passengers and bus companies； (3) Make modification to its business model in order to survive in a fast-moving environment. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to provide a value proposition for bus service providers to overcome the problem of overloading. This new business model can also be a reference to other bus stations or institutions for future use. The main objectives of this study are (1) The research of Taoyuan Airport Corporation and associated bus companies in relation to the increasing visitor numbers to the country； (2) The fit between the current model, adjusted business model and the customer demand. This study used the business model canvas and the value proposition map to provide a process for solving the problems they face. Moreover, the research survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews, Delphi method, field observation and secondary data that were required for the case study research. In relation to the case study: this study firstly analyzed the operations before the Bus-Ticket Integration and the problem of overloading. After the analysis, automatic ticket vending machines and ticket integration solutions were recommended for implementation. Secondly, this study made a value proposition research for visitor arrivals and bus companies. It was found that the current value proposition couldn’t meet the needs of visitor arrivals. As a result, this study started to investigate the fit between the customer profiles and the value map of the solution, and then made some adjustments. Finally, propose the adjusted value proposition and created the business model canvas accordingly. This study also makes recommendations for solving the problems through a redesign of the business model. Firstly, the study must analyze and confirm the problem beforehand so as to come up with a good alternative solution; Secondly, through the value proposition map, we can identify the customer needs and adjust the unsatisfied aspect in order to get the final value proposition; Thirdly, we can use this adjusted value proposition to make the business model canvas. This study also contributes to other bus stations or institutions as a reference in practice. The one restricting aspect of the study that some of the data was not available so I had to simplify the problems and situations, and inferred from the secondary data analysis.

本研究旨在探討於低瀰的全球經濟，與全球化影響導致高競爭低獲利的貿易商如何利用所持有之外幣，做最佳的現金管理並創造相當程度之非營業收入。 國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）於2014年 10 月發布的《世界經濟展望報告》（World Economic Outlook），預測 2015年全球經濟增長小幅下調至3.8%，2015年 10 月發布，預測2016 年世界經濟增長率下調為 3.4%，今年 10月4日預測本年度全球經濟增長仍然疲弱，又降為３.１％。 IMF 5度下修全球經濟，對於2016年全球經濟成長的預測只有3.1％，比起過去十年平均的4.5％遠遠不如，由上述數據顯示可知全球經濟逐年緩減，而目前幾大政治議題與問題諸如：美國總統大選與德義法三國2017年大選後的歐美經濟後勢難料、歐洲移民問題、恐攻問題、中國成長減速等等，均將使未來全球經濟雪上加霜。值此低通膨低利率的全球經濟局面，貿易市場只縮不長，加上全球化競爭、去中間化意識抬頭與網路平台崛起，貿易商訂單被分食，獲利因而縮減。 有鑑於此，貿易商如何開拓多角化經營以增加收入，實為亟需探討的主題，也是開啟本研究動機的主要緣由。本研究根據分析方法的應用，探討貿易商投入營業外收入的投資業務後之商業模式，依分析結果得到以下研究發現：一、兌換收益在貿易商營業外收入占比最高；二、營業外收入可活化貿易商的資產與資本；三、短期閒置外匯資金運用得宜可做有效現金管理，並實際增加整體收益；四、高度風險控管之特定金融投資商品的費用成本與人力消耗最低；五、金融投資管道平台的優劣關係著營業外收入的多寡；六、金融投資商品的營業外收入之商業模式是可複製的營利模式。

The food and beverage industry in Taiwan is becoming increasingly competitive. Companies have therefore been trying to expand their operations abroad to different countries, both emerging and developed economies. How the companies expand and operate abroad is a challenging issue faced by every company that tries to enter foreign countries. This research starts out from the practitioners’ perspectives, and addresses critical management issues. The problems of international expansion are dynamic and fairly complicated due to the fast-changing business environment, which means practical decision rules are valuable. The study tackles this issue by attempting to offer decision rules on three research questions. They include the influence factors on the selection of foreign market entry mode, the mechanism of capturing growth and avoid huge losses and business model innovation in foreign markets. This research discovers entry mode choice should be accompanied by considering the joint effect of influence factors. And at point of entry, adopting real option perspective leads to better performance in the foreign market because it captures growth opportunities. Furthermore, adjusting the key processes in the business model helps companies realize more efficient operations and in some case, leads to better subsequent performance after entering the foreign country.

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日月潭紅茶是台灣魚池鄉的地區特色茶，得天獨厚的風土條件下，有足以與世界紅茶相提並論的優良品質及悠久歷史，但沒有相應的價格及知名度。本研究以智慧資源規劃的觀點分析當地紅茶產業事實及市場概況，歸納優質農產品背後的智慧資源所創造的競爭優勢，進行產品定位。在既有的營運模式下導入智慧資源規劃思維，結合實體商品及智慧資源，發揮綜效(synergy)，創造更高的市場價格。日月潭紅茶產業以自產、自製、自銷的小農為主，私品牌林立，形成許多小供應鏈，資源整合不易。價值活動中存在茶樹育種人員品種權保護意識不足、茶葉相關技術過度專利化且未能廣泛應用於產業、茶作及製茶技術欠缺流程化管理、日月潭紅茶品質及產地認證標準不具公信力、技術竅門多內隱在人身上等問題，削弱商品的競爭優勢。當地紅茶產業參與者宜依照不同環節的價值活動，規劃各類智慧資源的優先順序，強化產製銷一元化的小茶農競爭優勢，其中徹底導入產銷履歷制度，將是整合日月潭紅茶各類智慧資源的重要推手。 / Sun Moon Lake black tea is a local tea growth in the specific area of Yuchi in Taiwan. Although its fine quality, owing to Yuchi’s unique growing conditions with long history comparable to world-renowned black teas, but lacks corresponding price and popularity. Intellectual Resources Planning (“IRP”) is a method for conducting industry and market research, including intellectual resources to identify competitive advantages in product positioning. IRP involves a combination of tangible products as well as intellectual resources into an existing business model to maximize value. Currently most of the teas in Yuchi are sold by individual farmers, various private labels and small supply chains are formed independently, making it difficult to integrate resources. Other problems which lead to weaken competitiveness include inadequate plant variety rights, over-patenting of methods and technologies, insufficient documentation in tea production, low credibility of geographical indications of the products, and the fact that tea production techniques are largely tacit knowledge. For the above reasons, Yuchi’s tea industry should prioritize intellectual resources depending on the core content of value activities to strengthen the competitive advantages of small tea farmers. It is also critical to implement traceability systems to track the authentic products so as to the credibility can be preserved and defend.

Amazon於2007年推出了電子書專用閱讀器Kindle後，帶動了全球數位閱讀之風潮，與電子書產業的蓬勃發展。然而，隨著電子書產業發展至今，數位內容與電子書專用閱讀器分別面臨著各自的挑戰：數位內容具有高開發成本及近乎零元的再製成本之特性，使其可輕易地流通於網路空間中，而著作權人則不易從中獲得應得的版權收益；硬體部分，電子書專用閱讀器面臨平板電腦與智慧型手機的夾殺，導致其於銷售市場上較不如前兩者受消費者青睞。面對如此困境，電子書產業鏈上各角色之廠商該如何應對，並極大化收益。 本研究認為免費之商業模式將是可行辦法之一。係此，本研究透過分析「零元手機」以及「iPod」兩個不同類型的個案，找尋出各自於市場上如何以免費商業模式獲取成功之因素，並探討其於電子書產業中得否亦可以發揮效果，且該免費商業模式為何。 研究顯示，硬體為主要獲利來源，而免費提供數位內容之模式並無法成功運行於電子書產業，主因為硬體本身毛利並不足以補貼數位內容的虧損，且硬體與數位內容兩者之間互補性不強；反之，透過銷售數位內容獲利，而以免費電子書專用閱讀器以吸引消費者，盡而快速累積使用群體，此為較可行之免費商業模式。研究並指出，教育與商用市場將是未來電子書產業廠商可積極佈局之利基市場。 / After Amazon launched Kindle in 2007, digital reading became the spotlight of the world and the eBook industry has been growing vigorously. However, digital content and e-readers are facing their own challenge respectively: high development cost but low duplicating cost. It is easy to copy the files on the internet, but it is difficult for the copyright owners to retrieve the deserved profit; as for the hardware, e-reader is facing the keen competition of tablets and smart phones and is no longer attractive to customers on the market. Under these challenging circumstances, how can each entity on the supply chain of E-book industry react and maximize their profits? This research assumes that free business model would be one of the possible solutions. In this research, “iPod” and “Zero-Price Handset” are selected as two different types of case study. This research tries to figure out what the key successful factors are in these two cases and discusses how these factors can fit in the eBook industry and the possibility of creating success or achieving their goal. If the answer is positive, then what the business model would be? This research shows that “Free digital content, Hardware sales as profit source” model cannot work in eBook industry. The main reason would be that the net profit of hardware cannot compensate the shortage of free digital content. On the other hand, the net profit of selling digital content would definitely compensate the shortage of free hardware, because the sales of digital content are continuous instead of one-time sale. What is more, free hardware could attract more potential customer and accumulate a huge amount of customer base. This model would be one of the possible solutions. This research also points out that educational and commercial market are niche markets for eBook companies and they should set strategies aggressively base on that fact.

農作物生長，極易受到氣候如豪雨、颱風、高低溫、寒害、病蟲害等威脅，農民常年使用的農藥、化學肥料等都已被證實，有造成食品安全及水源污染之疑慮，且人口增加、生質燃料的轉作，對糧食供給產生排擠效應。應用溫室設施、水耕栽培技術及 IT 科技，控制植物生長所需光源、溫濕度、養份、病蟲害等環境的「植物工廠」，配合立體及多層架栽培，使農產品能依工業化流程生產及品質管控之新營運模式， 儼然已成為各國解決糧食問題、降低 Food Miles 及碳足跡重要課題。 本研究收集及分析國外植物工廠企業化經營的現況及問題點，運用由外而內(Outside-in)的產業結構分析(亦稱為機會基礎的成長策略)，找尋企業可進入、可獲利的產業機會，從利潤創造公式展開成各種價值動因 ( Value Driver )，把經營重點轉移到營運初期的規劃， 與重點項目評估， 使其能在營運期間的創造價值，進一步與植物工廠運作功能結合， 整理出經營的 9 個價值創造動因，包含單價、單位栽種密度、栽培架層數、栽培面積、年周轉數、平均良率、營運成本、投入成本及使用年限。 找出目前消費者的價值主張， 運用創新、一致、可執行的商業模式來執行及延續，並擬定出企業的策略系統圖 (Strategic Activity System )，經由關鍵的策略活動，執行策略及細部戰術。 / This research aims at the strategic analysis of the business model on the Urban Plant Factory for the future development in Taiwan. The growth of crops is highly vulnerable by climate like heavy rain, typhoon, hot and cold weather, pests etc. Furthermore, the food safety and underground water pollution concerns caused by agricultural pesticides and fertilizers spread. In addition, worldwide population growth and biomass fuels converted create a big pressure to the food supply chain. The " Plant Fatory " uses the greenhouse, hydroponics and IT technology to control light, temperature, humidity, nutrients, pests and disease of the corps growth environment, and the multi-layer cultivation shelf facilities, and the industrial production & quality control technology of new business model to solve the food problem has become an important topic, and solution to reduce foot mils and carbon footprint. In this study, collect and analyse oversea's Urban Plant Factory commerical reports and problems they faced, using the Outside-in strategy of the industrial structure analysis (also known as opportunity-based growth strategy), to find out the company's profitable cut-in opportunities. From the EBIT equation, to develope a variety of value drivers and apply the drivers to the Plant Factory''s management and dialy operation, and focus on the key success factors of the initial business planning and evaluation of the Plant Factory, enabling the value creation during the operationg period. Furthermore, combined with Plant Factory functions and identify nine value creation factors including price, the unit density of planting, cultivation shelf layers, the cultivation total area, annual turnover, annual average yields, operating costs, initial costs and life period. With current proper value proposition, using the innovative, valuable, consistent, executable business model to implement and extend, and develop the Strategic Activity System to find out the key strategic actions to implement the strategy.

過去傢俱業的產業價值鏈，大多採取專業分工模式。近年來，傢俱業整體產業經營環境開始產生轉變，導致國內傢俱業的外銷市場受到嚴重威脅，更重要的是，隨傢俱產業逐漸走向高級化、精緻化及多樣化，傳統廉價大量生產模式的傢俱業，已漸漸被取代。因此，台灣傢俱業者已逐漸體認到技術整合與技術升級的重要性。近來許多傢俱業者開始紛紛從專業分工模式，轉為朝向上、下游整合的經營模式，從專注少樣多量轉為多樣少量的生產模式。個案公司在本身資源相對不足的情況下，再加上為了加速回應市場變化的速度，以及提高對消費者的服務價值，即藉由虛擬垂直整合模式，間接減少消費者交易成本，策略性的採取上、下游虛擬整合模式，提供全方位的整合性服務。本研究即探討個案公司如何架構更具彈性的新興商業模式，有效進行產業價值鏈的整合，架構一個整合各方資源的虛擬平台，維持經營彈性，同時探討虛擬垂直整合模式的可行性及成功要素。 / The value chain of furniture mostly appears professional job assignment in the past years. Recently, furniture industry changes in operating environment caused export market to be seriously threatened. Furniture industry had transferred mass production mode into sophistication and diversity. Therefore, Managers with furniture industry have become conscious that technology integration and upgrades are very importance. Besides, many managers transferred specialization mode into up-and downstream integrated business model. In this paper, the case company which is relative shortage of resources adopts up-and downstream integrated business model to provide total solution services in order to response to changes in the market. The paper discusses the issue of how to build up a new business model, integrate value chain and creative a resources pool of virtual platform. Finally, the feasibility and success factors of virtual vertical integration are also discussed.