我國的數位學習環境，自政府於2003年啟動「數位學習國家型科技計畫」開始，市場需求與產業發展日漸加溫，近年更是有許多創新產品的誕生。另一方面，從文獻回顧中不難發現，關於學校與企業用戶所使用的學習帄台，由於市場規模較大且發展得早，因此產品開發的相關文獻也較為豐富；而在個人市場中，不論產品所使用的技術或是產品本身的商業模式都比學校與企業用戶來得更加多元化，但很可惜的，關於個人市場中廠商如何進行產品開發的文獻卻是非常的少。 　　本研究以我國個人數位英語學習產品為例，來探討數位學習產品的特性對開發活動的影響。故本研究的構面為數位學習產品的特性與開發活動兩大部分，前者包括以學習者為中心、教材重複使用性、知識多元性、資金回收期長、師生互動性、客製化的內容與媒體互動性等七個特性；後者則試圖以較整體性的方式，來探討數位學習產品的開發活動，其中包括概念的形成與發展、專案的組織與分工、專案的領導、問題解決與溝通、時程的控制與測詴、高階主管的角色。而本研究選擇四家數位學習廠商作為深入個案分析的研究對象，其中包括教材、工具軟體與整合服務類別的廠商，來進行專案層次的探討。 　　本研究所得到關於數位學習產品開發的結論包括：(1)數位學習產品的開發專案多由CEO發起。(2)產品在初始創意的產生上，多由具有相關產品開發經歷或技術專長者依據當時代重要的數位學習產品特性來提出；而在之後概念的發展上，為了強化產品與學習理論的連結，則會由教育專長的成員來進行細部規格的設計。(3)產品開發專案多採用固定式工作團隊型式，且成員的專職性高；並且，專案普遍透過組織外部網絡來分擔製作上的工作量。(4)數位學習產品皆具有「以學習者為中心」、「教材重複使用性」、「知識多元性」和「資金回收期長」的特性；而隨著數位學習產品的定位與所使用的技術之不同，產品可能具有「師生互動性」、「客製化的內容」或「媒體互動性」的特性。(5)數位學習產品具知識多元性，因此，其概念的發展需要跨領域的知識交流，在團隊組成上也較為多元。(6)數位學習產品具資金回收期長的特性，因此，高階主管對於產品開發專案涉入程度高。(7)具師生互動性的產品，其概念的提出者具網路服務業的背景，且課程部分的規劃會強調由具有豐富實體教學經驗的成員來執行。(8)具客製化內容的產品，其開發團隊會透過與外部內容商合作來取得部分或全部的教材；反之，團隊多自行開發教材。(9)具媒體互動性的產品，其測詴大多會由專職的測詴人員來執行，並且會透過外測以了解使用者實際使用產品的狀況及找出其他尚未發現的程式錯誤。本研究最後對企業經理人與後續研究者分別提出實務上與研究上之建議。 / When talking about the e-learning industry development in Taiwan, it has become prosperous since our government laughed “Taiwan Digital Archives Expansion Project” in 2003. Moreover, a large number of innovative products are developed in this industry. But unfortunately, the literature about how companies conduct product development is very insufficient. 　　This study which takes English learning products as example researches on how the characteristics of e-learning products affect product developing activities. Therefore, the framework of this research includes two parts, one is characteristic of e-learning products, and another one is product development activity. The former part includes learner-centeredness, reuse of materials, knowledge diversity, long payback period, interactivity, customizable content, interactive media; the latter part includes idea generation, project organization and staffing, project leadership, problem solving, schedule control and testing, role of high-level managers. This research adopts four Taiwanese e-learning companies as case studies. The major conclusion of this study includes (1) E-learning product development projects are most launched by CEO. (2) Ideas of products are most produced by the people who are not educational background, and the linkage of the products with learning theory are strengthen by people who are educational background in later stage. (3) Projects most adopt the team type “fixed team,” and outsource partial works. (4) All the e-learning products are learner-centered, reuse of materials, knowledge-diversified, long payback period; with different positioning and technology, products are or are not interactive, with customizable content, with interactive media. (6) E-learning products have long payback period, so high-level managers deeply involve the projects. (7) Products which are interactive, the concept of products are most proposed by people with background of internet service industry. (8) Product with customizable content, some part or all of its material are acquired by cooperating with content providers. (9) Products with interactive media, their testing work are most executed by individual testing member and most projects have external testing.

本研究以兩構面「技術知識的特質」和「知識創新管理」探討台灣母公司與大陸子公司間之新產品專案進行方式。以技術知識的特質分類中之技術知識的複雜度、技術知識的可分割程度、技術知識的外顯程度、技術知識的標準化程度和技術知識的路徑相依度，研究台灣母公司和大陸子公司合作進行專案，其中著重在專案內知識管理流程和技術特質間的相關性探討，在兩岸合作的專案中主要以台商直接投資大陸的廠商為個案內容，也就是進行於台灣母公司和大陸子公司間的專案。 　　而所探討的產業為資訊硬體產業，在產業中個案的選擇考量以廠商產品種類集中、專案產品與企業業務內容一致、投資大陸時間長和廠商在產業內為領先廠商為主，選擇廠商業務內容有資訊儲存設備、資訊產品精密零組件、電腦輸入裝置、電腦鍵盤、LCD背光板和數據機等六個個案，為個案分析的主體。 　　研究所得的結論為「技術知識複雜度會影響專案團隊的異質性」、「技術知識可分割程度影響兩岸之間合作模式」、「技術知識可分割程度會影響專案溝通進行方式」、「技術知識外顯程度會影響專案知識在兩岸間的交付模式」、「技術知識外顯程度會影響專案負責人所具備的知識背景」、「技術知識標準化程度會影響知識的主要來源」、「技術知識路徑相依度與大陸子公司技術能耐有關」、「資訊硬體產業內中小企業投資大陸主要受兩股力量的影響，其中一股拉力來自人工成本的考量，另一股推力來自企業客戶的壓力」等。 　　並依研究結論提出具體建議，對產業界提出針對投資的外部環境和廠商內部組織運作上兩方面，在投資外部環境上有「掌握大陸經營環境的變化」、「善用大陸的資源」、「重視產業互動和加強廠商互助」等，在廠商內部組織運作上有「廣泛的吸收資源網路中的知識並引進不同背景的員工」、「建構資訊管理系統有效儲存知識」、「利用知識技術的可分割性，建立企業的競爭優勢」、「有效運用組織內部成員意見，促進產品知識創新」等具體建議。 / This study discussed how the characteristics of technological knowledge influence the knowledge management, including input, adsorption and integration, storage, and circulation via NPD project in Taiwan and Mainland China. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to discuss the following topics: 　　1. How does the knowledge transfer via NPD project from Taiwanese company to China subsidiary company? 　　2. What characteristics of technological knowledge do the NPD projects have in Taiwanese company and China subsidiary company? 　　3. What is the relationship between the characteristics of technological knowledge and NPD project knowledge management? 　　According to the analyses of six cases in computer manufacturing industry, the study has generated the following conclusions: 　　1. The complexity of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the composition of team members. 　　2. The segmentation of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the model of cooperation in the project in Taiwanese company and China subsidiary company. 　　3. The segmentation of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the communication style in the project. 　　4. The explicitness of technological knowledge can affect the model of project transfer. 　　5. The explicitness of technological knowledge can affect the background of project leader. 　　6. The standardization of technological knowledge can affect the input of knowledge. 　　7. The relative technology ability in China subsidiary company can affect the path dependency of technological knowledge. 　　8. Two driving forces influence the investment in computer manufacturing industry in Mainland China, one is customer's suggestion, the other is labor costs.

隨著兩岸政策的逐漸鬆綁，台灣地區銀行業進入中國大陸深耕勢在必行，然而在兩岸分立分治之情況下，台灣地區之銀行業進入中國大陸設立分支機構時，除應符合台灣地區銀行監理機制外，更應了解中國大陸銀行業之監理規範，以期在符合兩岸監理機制及相關法令之規定下創造雙贏。 兩岸之監理原則，皆以母國監理原則為前提，並依據國際清算銀行（BIS）1992年公佈之「監理國際性銀行集團及海外分支機構最低標準」為指導原則，但針對目前兩岸跨國銀行之監理，台灣面臨最大的困境即是「國家認同」的問題。台灣目前的監理制度存在有深度（一般檢查）及廣度（專案檢查）的問題，且金融檢查係屬於交易發生後之事後檢查，故金融主管機關除加強金融檢查外，尚需督促金融機構建立落實內部控制及內部稽核機制，以健全金融機構之經營。 / As the cross-strait policy gradually untie, Bank deep into mainland China in Taiwan is a must, however in the case of partition of separation between the two sides, when set up branches of Taiwan banks entering the Mainland, apart from banking supervision mechanism in Taiwan should be consistent with, and should be aware of mainland China's banking supervision norms, with a view to in the cross-strait supervision mechanism and under the relevant provisions of the Act creates a win-win. Principles of supervision across the Taiwan Strait, are premised on the principle of home country supervision, and in accordance with the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published in 1992 "minimum standards for the supervision of international banking groups and overseas branches" as the guiding principle, however, in response to the current cross-strait supervision of transnational Bank, Taiwan faces the biggest dilemma that is "national identity" issues. Taiwan depth with the existing supervision system (General check) and breadth (project review) issues, and financial checks belonging to transactions that took place after the ex-post checks, financial authorities in addition to strengthening the financial checks, still need to urge financial institutions to establish the implementation of internal control and internal audit mechanisms, based on sound management of financial institutions.

智慧型手機的銷售量從2010年的300萬台成長到2014年的12億台，呈現爆發性的成長，台灣2014年智慧型手機銷售量也達一千萬台，已經是人手一隻智慧型手機的時代。智慧型手機改變了人們的生活習慣，相信未來智慧型手機的應用將蓬勃發展。 智慧型手機的崛起，使得和銀行交易的行為也可以在手機上完成，且許多非銀行公司也想要分食這塊商機，雖然台灣受到法律規範的限制，金融相關服務只有銀行才能推出，但政府已有慢慢開放法律規範，讓越來越多人可以進入，因此銀行業也面臨相當大的考驗。 本研究以永豐銀行、台新銀行、玉山銀行等三家銀行業者作為個案研究的對象，希望透過本論文研究，探討銀行業者在因應行動科技的崛起與變化時，其組織服務創新的策略思維；同時，也探討其發展行動服務創新時，內部的組織方式、新服務開發管理、以及與顧客的溝通方式。本研究所得到的初步結論包括：(1)銀行業者因應行動科技的快速發展下，會更強調對消費者生活習性的瞭解，以推出解決消費者痛點的新服務。(2)銀行業者因應行動科技的快速發展下，會進行更多的異業結合，以發展更多整合性的服務創新金融服務。(3)銀行業者因應行動科技的快速發展下，會在電子金融相關部門招納更多元的人才，以推出更創新的服務。(4)銀行業者因應行動科技的快速發展下發展金融服務創新時，會讓電子金融部門與其他部門進行更多的跨部門合作。另外，若要加速新服務的開發時，則會採用重量級專案團隊的組織方式。(5)銀行業者因應行動科技的快速發展下，會增加與顧客互動的管道，以求更瞭解顧客的需求。本文最後並提出實務上的意涵與後續研究的建議。 / When smartphones came to the world, its had an big impact to people’s life. There were only 3 millions smartphone shipments in 2010,but later, there were 1.2 billion shipments in 2014.There has a big growth. Also in Taiwan, there are over 10 millions shipments in 2014. We can say this is a mobile era. We can predict that mobile application will mushroom in the future. When the rises of smartphone, we can do many things through smartphone. For example, we can receive e-mail, send a message to a friend, take a photo or make a financial trade with smartphone. Now, many non-financial companies serve financial service through smartphone. Although there are many legislation restrictions in Taiwan, only bankers can provide financial service. But legislation restrictions will reduce. So banking industry is facing a great challenge. In this study, we discuss how bankers develop mobile financial service. Meanwhile, we also discuss how they organize their electric finance department, how they develop a new financial service and how they communicate with their customers. Based on the case study, the initial findings includes: (1) To face mobile trends, banks will focus on customer habits. Otherwise, banks will release new service to solve customer’s pain points. (2) To face mobile trends, banks will cooperate with non-financial industries. (3) To face mobile trends, E-finance department will recruit employees with diverse backgrounds. (4) To face mobile trends, banks will have many inter-departmental working group. If necessary, banks will set up heavyweight teams. (5) To face mobile trends, banks will increase channels to communicate with customers. The study finally addresses the contribution of this research in academia and the suggestions to practitioners and follow-on researchers.

根據KPMG的研究顯示(2014)，生技製藥廠商間的合作是產業發展的趨勢，但合作的目的已經從原先的降低成本，發展到加速創新的產生。眾多國際製藥公司已經與外部夥伴進行合作，其中合作研發最能發揮合作夥伴間的效用，越緊密的合作越能使得合作網絡中多樣化的技術、能力結合，從而增強對於未被滿足醫療需求的理解。由此可見，跨國研發合作成為全球生技製藥廠商的企業策略。過去已有許多學者研究我國科技產業與國際廠商之研發合作，但甚少探究生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商間的研發合作。 本研究選定具有跨國研發合作豐富經驗的台灣生技製藥廠商為研究對象，探討其企業策略、核心能力及跨國研發動機如何影響跨國研發合作的管理。本研究從跨國研發合作影響因子以及跨國研發合作管理之內容兩個構面探討台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商進行研發合作的互動關係。研究方法採取多重個案研究法，文獻探討部分包含生技製藥產業、企業策略與核心能力、國際研發合作、合作夥伴篩選因素、知識移轉與智財管理，研究者結合研究問題與文獻回顧導出觀念性研究架構，再依研究架構為主軸進行個案訪談與資料收集，實地深入訪談我國兩家生技製藥廠商，得出以下結論： 本研究發現，台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商研進行發合作的動機一致，為降低及分散風險、分攤固定成本、技術與資源的互補與移轉、夥伴間營運策略的互補與相容性。篩選合作夥伴的主要考量也大致相同，包含資源及技術的互補、過往合作經驗、夥伴間營運策略的互補及相容性及財務能力。另外核心技術能力會影響台灣生技製藥廠商與合作夥伴合作起始的階段，研發合作起始階段的差異，更會影響知識移轉機制、以及合作方式的不同。另外，本研究也發現到，台灣生技製藥廠商在國際合作夥伴上的選擇會以不具直接競爭關係者為主，且與合作夥伴選擇以營業秘密的方式來保護技術知識。 / According to the research of KPMG in 2014, R&D collaboration between biopharmaceutical firms is the trend of biopharmaceutical industry. Under the circumstance of globalization, product life-cycles are gradually shortening. The purpose of R&D collaboration change from cost reduction to speeding up innovation. Therefore, multinational R&D collaboration has become a global business strategy for biopharmaceutical firms. Most of the past studies of multinational R&D collaboration focus on ICT industry in Taiwan. Few specially investigate biopharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a research gap can be found as multinational R&D collaborating between biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and biopharmaceutical firms of other countries. This research focus on the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan, explore how multinational R&D collaboration influence factors (business strategy, core competencies and the motivation of multinational R&D collaboration) affect multinational R&D collaboration management of firms. This research adopts two biopharmaceutical firms in Taiwan as case studies and conducts interviews with managers to understand multinational R&D collaboration influence factors and multinational R&D collaboration management. The conclusions of this research are as below: This research finds out that the motivations of multinational R&D collaboration of Taiwan firms are coincident, including cost reduction, diversification of risk, resources and technologies complementarity. The evaluations of partner selecting are also coincident, including resources and technologies complementarity, collaboration experience, operating strategy complementarity and financial capability. In addition, core competencies may affect the initiation stage of R&D collaboration and the initiation stage of R&D collaboration may affect the mechanisms of knowledge transfer and the way of multinational collaboration. Moreover, this research also found out that the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan might primarily choose to collaborate with international partners who have indirect competitive relationship with them. Last, the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and their partners protect their intellectual property in the way of trade secret.

觀光產業是世界各國普遍重視的無煙囪工業，與科技產業共同被視為是21 世紀的明星產業，環顧世界經濟情勢，新興產業不斷興起，觀光事業已趨於國際化、多角化經營之際，也是我國當前首重之發展產業。國際觀光旅館是屬於高有形性比重的產業以及高度人員涉入的服務產業，探討具有實體產品與無形服務組合的服務其產品品質與服務品質如何對於消費者產生影響，將是一個兼具研究與實用價值的主題。 旅館是高度競爭的行業，毫無疑問的，地點是商務旅客、休憩觀光客和研討會代表等選擇可行方案時的重要準則，然而地點並非是每個區隔顧客在選擇旅館時唯一的考量。在旅館的每個等級內，在大都市中皆可發現許多選擇方案，豪華的程度與實體設施的舒適性可做為一項選擇準則。究竟是什麼關鍵因素促使消費者選擇並維持與某個服務供應商的忠誠度？因此，本研究假設國際觀光旅館其產品特性（包含有形的產品與無形的服務）和顧客的特殊利益有關之情況下，了解目標客戶的偏好以及如何其建立長期關係並為其帶來附加價值。 本研究參考Zeithaml and Bitner（1996）提出「顧客知覺品質與顧客滿意度關係圖」作為研究基礎，來探討影響不同區隔的顧客滿意度因素，以及不同區隔的顧客，影響其顧客忠誠度的因素又為何？以及國際觀光旅館的產品品質對於商務旅客顧客滿意度以及忠誠度之影響是否大於國際觀光旅館的服務品質之影響，並且探討國際觀光旅館的服務品質對於休憩觀光旅客顧客滿意度以及忠誠度之影響是否大於國際觀光旅館的產品品質之影響。接著探討滿意度與忠誠度之間的關係；最後以探索性研究的方式檢視忠誠會員專案對於商務旅客之顧客滿意度與忠誠度之影響。 本研究係以入住中華民國交通部觀光局核准營業之國際觀光旅館之旅客進行滿意度調查，問卷的設計以旅館的主要服務品質組成因素，請旅客針對他們所接受到的整體服務體驗就組成因素，如服務人員的服務品質、住宿與退宿的整體客房服務品質、旅館的硬體設施與服務以及與餐廳有關的設施與服務等，個別評估其滿意度。 由本研究結果顯示商務旅客與休憩觀光旅客雖然為具有不同需求的旅客，由顧客知覺的服務品質、顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度的衡量項目中，萃取出影響服務品質、顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度的因素中皆包含有形性的特質。與旅客接觸點的分析結果發現，並不是所有服務人員具有相同程度的服務機會，亦即與旅客的互動程度不同。服務品質中與服務人員互動構面對於顧客滿意度之影響並未達顯著之水準因素。因此本研究推論有形性可視為國際觀光旅館服務品質之最主要因素。 在滿意度的部份，對於商務旅客而言，國際觀光旅館的產品品質與服務品直接對於顧客滿意度具有直接的影響；而且產品品質的影響力大於服務品質的影響力。對於休憩觀光旅客而言，國際觀光旅館的產品品質與服務品質對於其顧客滿意度亦具有正面之影響。至於影響顧客滿意度與忠誠度之整體模型部份，商務旅客的滿意度同時受到國際觀光旅館的產品品質與服務品質的影響，並且國際觀光旅館的產品品質與國際觀光旅館的服務品質亦同時影響到顧客忠誠度。然而國際觀光旅館的產品品質與國際觀光旅館的服務品質對於休憩觀光旅客的滿意度分別都具有影響力，但是不具有顯著的差異。休憩觀光旅客的顧客忠誠度直接受到國際觀光旅館的服務品質的影響，並未受到產品品質的影響。 經初步研究發現會員忠誠專案對於顧客忠誠度的影響不明顯，忠誠度計劃的測量結果發現參加會員忠誠專案之旅客，只是對忠誠度計劃本身具忠誠度而非對該特定品牌具有一定的忠誠度，旅客的忠誠度是脆弱也容易因為其他因素對其忠誠度產生影響。對許多專業經理人來說，工作就等於休閒，因此，如何讓他們在工作中，也能得到休閒時的自在感，是未來國際觀光旅館業的趨勢。 / This study make used of hotel’s database and based on the 131 completed survey form hotel guests, identify attributes that will affect the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of guests in the chain hotels. And will explore that if the frequent – guest program help hotels increase customer loyalty. The dimension of customer satisfaction with a service includes service quality, product quality and price. The results of the regression test that variable, the product quality and service quality will affect customer satisfaction of the business traveler, moreover service quality and product that direct influence customer loyalty. There is linear relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The factors affect the customer satisfaction are comfort of room、cleanliness of room and check-in。The hotel staff provides the effective check-in with pleasure attitude will affect their loyalty. Analysis results showed that the service quality and product quality will have direct influence the customer satisfaction of pleasure traveler, however, service quality will engage the customer loyalty of pleasure traveler. There is a strong connection between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. And the comfort of room will be the factor engaged the customer satisfaction. Finally, the frequent-guest program has the less influence of customer loyalty as expected. The business traveler were among the least loyal of the guests, considering the industry’s huge expenditures on frequent-guest programs, the hotelier may consider redirecting some of the frequent-guest expenditure toward strengthening human resources and toward improving the guest’s experience through quality of product improvement. Inferred form the results we have found, this study proposed some recommendations to the hotelier and the academics who try to do some further research on this topic.

軟體專案承諾升級現象發生時，可能會造成更多資源成本的投入，若投入更多的資源，而專案依然失敗，則會造成更多的浪費，是企業界最不希望看到的情形。本研究利用推敲可能性理論探討此現象，了解不同的說服方式如何影響受測者的決策過程。根據遇到專案的狀況，依照訊息訴求分成理性訴求與感性訴求的敘述方式，加入框架效應 (正向／負向) 以及訊息強度 (低／中／高) 兩變數，以自我責任作為調節變項進行探討，研究在不同情況敘述下，決策制定者接收專案訊息描述後其決策過程中的推敲可能性，以及推敲可能性與決策之間的關係。 研究發現如下： 1. 單一效果影響下，訊息強度中比起其他兩個強度較容易引起訊息接收者運用中央路徑思考。 2. 訊息訴求、訊息框架以及訊息強度會交互影響受測者推敲可能性，在正向框架下，訊息訴求與訊息強度對訊息接收者運用中央路徑做決策有顯著的交互作用。 3. 在訊息強度中與強的情況下訊息訴求與訊息框架對訊息接收者運用中央路徑做決策有顯著的交互作用。 4. 在感性訴求、正向框架與訊息強度強的訊息描述下，訊息接收者運用中央路徑思考時，較不容易做出承諾升級的決定。 5. 在自我責任調節下，則是感性訴求、負向框架與訊息強度弱的訊息描述，會引起訊息接收者運用中央路徑思考時，較不容易做出專案繼續的決策。 / Escalation of commitment is common in software project development. There are a few theories that have been used to explain this behavior, including the framing effect and self-responsibility. This study investigates the issue from the dual-path elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to examine how different persuasion routes may play roles in the decision process. An experiment was designed to study the effect of different descriptions of project status that may lead to different decision routes (central versus peripheral routes). The experiment design includes message appealing (rational vs emotional appealing), message strength (strong, medium and weak), and framing (positive vs. negative) as main variables and the responsibility as a moderator. The subject was asked to decide whether s/he would continue the project under a given scenario. Our results includes the following: 1. Message appealing, message framing, and message strength have significant interaction effect on the subject’s decision routes; 2. In positive framing, message appealing and strength has significant interaction effect on the use of the central route; 3. When message strength is medium or strong, message appealing and framing has significant interaction effect on the use of the central route; 4. Regarding to decision escalation, the likelihood of escalation is lower when the decision route is central (thinking) under the emotional appealing, positive framing, and strong message; 5. The likelihood of escalation is lower when the decision route is central under the emotional appealing, negative framing, and weak message description.

今 (2008) 年，全球規模排名前三大的電腦展，從1月開始美國拉斯維加斯的CES展、3月的德國漢諾威的CeBiT展，到6月在台北的Computex展，數千家之參展廠商，數十萬之買主與參觀人士，不約而同，大家的主訴求都是「綠色」與「節能」。向來，三大電腦展都是未來產品的風向球，加上從美國前副總統高爾的紀錄片「不願面對的真相」看到地球暖化現象日益嚴重，石油價格也不斷再創歷史新高，的確讓人感到這個世界將變得更為綠色，當人們愈來愈重視自己居住的這個環境與資源，也宣告「綠色產品、綠色消費」的時代正式來臨。 近年來一波波的綠色浪潮，如同過去十餘年間的網路興起，所產生巨大的改變一般。全球環保意識覺醒，尤以歐盟一向以高環保標準為最，陸續在2005年8月起推行的三大環保指令：WEEE(回收化)、RoHS(無毒化)、EuP(節能化)，超過80％的環境衝擊都跟產品設計有緊密關聯；是故，整合環境考量因素而成綠色產品的生態化設計作法，將會是企業最有效的方法。 上述WEEE 及RoHS兩項已於2006 年7月1日後，正式對輸出到歐盟各國的產品中全面實施管制，而日本、韓國、中國等國及美國(部分州)等，亦在2007年初立法通過並已實施，此股全球化之綠潮，已是勢不可擋；第三項的EuP (Energe using Product)「耗能使用產品之生態化設計指令」，歐盟各國已大多立法制定完成，部分國家還一併通過違規罰則，預計在2009年第一季起開始啟用，屆時勢必又將再度啟動第三回合的環保大挑戰。 我國對歐盟之貿易額佔了總體的比重極大，於2007年，我國出口到歐盟各國之電機、電子產品等金額超過逾NT$3,000億，企業也決不容忽視這廣大的市場商機。本研究的個案公司向來對環保意識相當重視，亦積極地關注在永續發展與環保議題上，所設計製造的綠色產品也行銷全球；現今的設計趨勢都以綠色、節能為導向，身處電子、電機產業的一員，面臨這項嚴峻之挑戰，更需即早因應，通過這些環保規範檢測，才能確保產品順利銷往歐盟。 本研究乃透過個案公司於過去三、四年中，利用 6 Sigma 的DMAIC循環改善手法，搭配ISO 9000/14000品質/環境管理系統以有效整合，組成專案團隊運作，成功導入6 Sigma WEEE / RoHS等專案，且比2006年7月1日的法定實施期限日，提早一季的時間完成歐盟WEEE及RoHS所有綠色產品之設計，並在符合法定時程/品質要求/客戶滿意等情況下順利出貨。 爰此，以綠色設計為整體考量因素，建置成一套標準化的流程機制，應用到EuP新環保規範中，進行產品節能、生命週期等多項評估，提升生態化設計能力。EuP雖與RoHS/WEEE的指令訴求內容互異，但本著6 Sigma RoHS過去分析及改善等手法，藉由嫻熟運作之科學管理模式，來縮短研發時程；目標為：提早一季時間完成產品設計，且品質符合環保規範驗證之出貨準備；期間雖會遭遇諸多問題與困難，但以6 Sigma經驗豐富之優秀成員組成的團隊，將採絕佳默契、合作無間的精神，順利於今年底達成任務，也為個案公司大幅提升環保戰力之全球競爭優勢。 關鍵字：限用有害物質指令、耗能使用產品指令、生態設計、國際標準組織、六標準差專案管理。 / In the world’s top three exhibitions of the electronic industry this year - namely CES of Las Vegas in January, CeBIT of Hanover in March, and Computex of Taipei in June, the main theme is the same: Green Technology and Energy Saving Products. Mr. Al Gore’s ‘Inconvenient Truth’ has unfolded future disasters caused by global warming, together with recent oil price hikes over US$140 a barrel, all these environmental and energy crisis have hastily ushered in the ‘Green Product Epoch.’ The European Union led the wave of Green Products by issuing the WEEE (Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment) directives in August 2005 which aimed at reducing E/E waste disposal through reuse, recycle and recovery, followed by the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substance) directives enforced on July 1, 2007. EuP (Energy using Product) is the latest set of directives which will be implemented in 2009. Since more environmental impacts relate to product design, the green product ecological design incorporating environmental factors is most effective method. These regulations will greatly affect members of global E.E product supply. Taiwan had a big trade count with EU in the past time, so it will be caused more impacted as well. Therefore, many countries have regulated new national standards, many Taiwanese firms are making great efforts on the issues of Eco Design for energy saving to meet the trend on environment protection as earlier as possible and to provide operational producers for the business toward green global supply chain. For enterprises to implement environmental management system and to establish green product design and production by ISO9000 / ISO 14000 systems, and there are many procedures, validation and testing need to by 6 Sigma DMAIC improvement methodology. This case study proposes a model to include the RoHS green product into quality system successfully in 2 years ago, next case is provided to verify the model and justify how a firm can efficiently use the proposed model and empirical experience to meet product certification requirement into the system. The findings of this research can support other enterprises to implement appropriate model to integrate green product with framework of ISO9000/14000 quality/environment management system by 6 Sigma process. This is also suitable for a firm to upgrade its management system to meet various green requirements as WEEE, RoHS and EuP. The study is still enphasised many Taiwan manufacturers are tempted by the success of 6 Sigma in the western world and are now in the process of introducing 6 Sigma into their organizations. The push to further reduce costs has urged the firms to use 6 Sigma to regain their competitive positions in the global economy. Keywords: RoHS, EuP, Eco Design, ISO, 6 Sigma Managment

本研究係透過實地訪談暸解企業在不同的新產品開發專案策略下所採行的供應商管理制度（包括供應商遴選、供應商發展活動與供應商績效評估與獎酬制度）具體內容為何，進而探討不同的新產品開發專案策略在供應商管理制度上的異同處為何，以期提供企業在選擇參與新產品專案供應商、進行供應商發展活動及評估供應商專案績效與設計獎酬制度時的參考。本研究依據個案分析之結果，提出以下三項結論以回應研究問題，並根據研究發現陳述相關建議，最後提出研 究限制與未來研究方向之建議。 一、新產品開發專案策略會影響遴選參與專案供應商時的遴選流程、優先重視的評估構面與遴選時間。 二、新產品開發專案策略會影響專案中進行供應商發展活動的活動內容、範疇與時間。 三、新產品開發專案策略會影響供應商之專案績效評估的目標訂定範圍與嚴苛程度。 / Conducted by field interviews, this research is primary to focus on the details of supplier management system including selection of suppliers, supplier development activities, supplier performance evaluation, and reward system) under different strategies of new product development projects. This research also discusses the similarities and differences of supplier management system under different strategies of new product development projects. According to the result of case analysis, we claim three conclusions in response to the research questions, and propose some relevant suggestions. Finally, we state research limitation and direction for future research. 1.The strategy of new product development project will affects the selection process, priority of assessment dimensions, and duration in selecting the suppliers who can join the project. 2.The strategy of new product development project will affects the content, scope, and period of supplier development activities in the project. 3.The strategy of new product development project will affects the scope and severeness of goals in evaluating suppliers' performance in the project.

當創新總是發生在不同專業領域的交界之處，團隊成員之間有效的知識互動便成為組織維持其競爭優勢的必要因素，因此為了持續創新，團隊成員必須克服不同專業領域所存在的知識邊界障礙，以便能夠整合團隊成員的知識與專長。在資訊系統的開發過程中，系統分析階段是觀察系統分析人員與使用者知識互動的最佳情境，因此本研究首先探索系統分析情境下影響互動雙方知識分享意願的前因，即創新氣氛與互動雙方的互動投入程度，並檢測這些因素之間的關係及影響。其次，本研究彙整四類邊界物件的內容，即語法的、語意的、實務的與隱喻的邊界物件，探討不同類別的邊界物件之間的關係及對專案創意的影響，並更進一步探究互動雙方的知識分享意願對各類邊界物件的影響。 研究樣本來自258位學生所扮演的系統分析人員及258位業界使用者，研究結果發現創新氣氛會同時影響系統分析人員與使用者的知識分享意願。當系統分析人員的互動投入程度越高，使用者的互動投入程度也會提高。使用者的互動投入程度會正向影響系統分析人員及使用者自身的知識分享意願；但是系統分析人員的互動投入程度卻對使用者的知識分享意願產生直接且負向的影響。 此外，系統分析人員的知識分享意願只對隱喻的邊界物件有正向影響，而使用者的知識分享意願卻對這四類邊界物件皆無顯著影響。在這四類邊界物件之中，只有實務的邊界物件對專案創意具有正向的影響，而隱喻的邊界物件則對於語法的、語意的、實務的邊界物件三者具有正向的影響，因此隱喻的邊界物件可以藉由實務的邊界物件對專案創意產生正向的間接效果。出乎意料之外，語意的邊界物件對專案創意具有負向的影響。在實務方面，本研究建議組織應該藉由增加實務的邊界物件和隱喻的邊界物件，以提高專案創意嶄露的可能性。 / As innovation happens from the boundaries between different specialty domains, effective knowledge interaction among participants has become a competitive necessity for organizations. In order to improve innovation, it is necessary for participants to deal explicitly with the interpretive barriers and further synthesize their expertise. During the development of information system, most knowledge interactions, which are conducted by systems analysts and users, can be observed in the phase of systems analysis. Thus, this study intends to explore not only factors that may affect participants’ intention to share knowledge, but also types of boundary objects in the context of systems analysis. As an innovative organizational climate and participants’ interaction involvement are identified as antecedents of participants’ intention to share knowledge, the relationships among these factors are studied. Besides, while four types of boundary objects are summarized, their effects on project innovativeness are discussed. Then, the influence of participants’ intention to share knowledge on the occurrence of four types of boundary objects was further examined. The results, based on data collected from 258 student analysts and 258 users, indicate that an innovative climate positively and directly influences both systems analysts and users’ intention to share knowledge. While systems analysts’ interaction involvement has a strong influence on users’ interaction involvement, which is measured by responsiveness, perceptiveness and attentiveness, users’ interaction involvement also has positive effects on both systems analysts and users’ intention to share knowledge; unexpectedly, systems analysts’ interaction involvement is negatively related to users’ intention to share knowledge. In addition, while systems analysts’ intention to share knowledge only influences the occurrence of metaphoric boundary objects, users’ intention to share knowledge does not demonstrate any significant effect on four types of boundary objects. Out of syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and metaphoric boundary objects, only pragmatic boundary objects had a strong positive effect on project innovativeness. As metaphoric boundary objects are shown to have positive effects on all other three types of boundary objects, metaphoric boundary object affects project innovativeness indirectly through pragmatic boundary objects. Surprisingly, semantic boundary objects negatively affects project innovativeness, although not very strongly. A practical implication is the possibility of increasing project innovativeness by enhancing both pragmatic boundary objects and metaphoric boundary objects.