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購屋方案選擇評估指標建立之研究 / The Study on Housing Choice Decision-Making Factors for Home-Buyer---An Empirical Analysis of Taipei-Taoyuan Areas黃國保 Unknown Date (has links)
住宅,不只是一個房子,還是一個家的所在。所以購屋,當然是一生中重大的決定。而與住宅相關的價格、環境、交通、品質、交易安全等這些都需要有專門的知識與經驗。另外住宅還涉及了很多風水、信仰、喜好等沒有對、錯的個人價值觀等問題。而且一生中發生的次數不多,不容易累積足夠的知識與經驗,所以要從購屋市場供給的產品中,找到完全符合自身需求住宅,不但一般人不容易做到,即使不動產的專業相關人員,由於購屋過程涉及多樣專業,亦不能面面俱到,作出最佳的購屋決策。本研究藉由文獻回顧與實證分析,就這個即重大又複雜的購屋問題,探討三個主題,其研究結果之結論如下:
一、我國各購屋方案可量化購屋影響因素,所存在的價格差異性
在實證結果部分,不論從地區上的分類,或是從時間上的分類,經自我選擇偏誤問題校正後。其拍賣市場相對於搜尋市場的住宅價格折價百分率確有差異,折價差異大約在1.53% ~3.69%間。實證結果顯示,購屋時機的不同階段呈現價差差異性,在2005~2007年第一季期期間景氣狀況較佳時價差不明顯之外,由不同地區與第一階段購屋時機(2003~2004) 景氣狀況較差時結果都顯示拍賣市場相對於搜尋市場的住宅價格仍有17%~24%明顯的折價現象。然替選方案之購屋影響因素,除了價格因素之價差外,仍有可量化之住宅條件因素與可量化之購屋者條件因素顯示其重要性。
二、不動產從業人員和一般人購屋決策的差異性
在這個主題裡,我們利用AHP(分析層級分析法)探討了與不動產密切的不動產從業人員和一般的購屋者,由不同地區來看,其最大的不同,是在台北縣及桃園縣的「不動產從業人員」購屋者,都最重視「住宅條件」,但在台北市的「不動產從業人員」的選擇上,卻優先考慮的是「價格」。
三、消費者購屋選擇決策的影響因素之評估指標及方案分析
我們利用AHP(分析層級分析法),在台北市、台北縣、桃園縣三個地區,分別進行問卷調查、評估指標分析。發現在最優先考慮購屋方案的問題上,在五個購屋替代方案預售屋、成屋、金拍屋、銀拍屋、法拍屋,消費者最可能的購屋方案都是選擇成屋,權重都是五個替選方案中最高者。從此一結果結果得知,就購屋者認知的效用而言,成屋優於預售屋,且優於各拍賣市場的金拍、銀拍、法拍。
影響消費者選擇購屋決定的四個評估指標為價格、住宅條件、交易制度及購屋者條件四個因素,其中購屋者最重視的是「價格」及「住宅條件」,特別是價格,在台北市不論是「不動產從業人員」及「一般購屋者」、台北縣的「一般購屋者」及桃園縣「一般購屋者」,其權重都是四個評估指標中最高者。「價格」仍是大部分購屋決策中最重要的影響因素。但是不是有坊間所提的:「沒有賣不出去的房子,只有賣不出去的價格」,那般極端強調「價格」就是一切呢?仍值得商榷。
另外,在評估指標之影響因素細準則方面,從「價格」準則中其第三層細準則三個因素價差、交易費用、貸款中都為前三項之首選,可見得在購屋市場中建立「價格」資訊、秩序是很迫切的。在影響房屋住宅條件的因素中內環境、外環境為前三項之首選,而內環境為不論地區或各種購屋著都為重要考慮因素。「不動產從業人員」及「一般購屋者」的受訪者,除了價差為共同考量因素外,其差異性為前者亦考慮貸款,而後者加入交易費用之考量。以地區性來看只有桃園縣之不動產從業人員較重視環境,其他地區仍以價差為首選之考量因素。 / A residence is not just a house but also a place where people set up their homes. Purchasing a house is certainly a very important decision throughout everyone’s lifetime. However, the elements such as pricing, environment, traffic, quality, and transaction security that are closely in connection with such an important choice all take specialized knowledge as well as experiences. Besides, to appraise a residence also involves some personal view of values such as fate, beliefs, and fondness, which are rather difficult to be thought of as good or bad. Moreover, purchasing a house is something that isn’t going to happen frequently throughout one’s life, so there won’t be many chances to accumulate enough knowledge and experiences in this field. Not only is it difficult for common public to choose, among the supply of housing market, a residence that would completely meet their own demand but it is quite a challenge for a professional real estate agent to make a decision on how to purchasing a most suitable residence as the process is often so diversified and specialized. In this study, by means of reviewing related documents and analysis, three main subjects based on this critical and complicated issue of house purchasing have been explored, and the conclusions of the research are given as follows:
1. The price differences among quantifiable and determination factors of each house purchasing alternatives.
In practices, it is verified that whether it is classified based on regional divisions or based on timing of purchasing, differences do exist in housing price discount percentage between auctioning market and searching market after correcting the estimate bias of self-selection, and differences of price discount fall roughly between 1.53% and 3.69. It is also verified that, by observing various districts in the first house purchasing stage (2003~2004), a period falling in economical recession, price differences do vary with different purchasing timings in the stage. The price differences of the auctioning market relative to searching market appear significant price discount percentage ranging from 17% to 24%. The only exception to this case might be during each of the first seasons in the years from 2005 to 2007, a period of booming economy, in which price differences didn’t seem so significant. However, when it comes to decisive factors of alternative house purchasing choices, there are still some quantifiable elements of resident condition and quantifiable purchaser elements that can be evaluated in addition to price differences.
2. The difference in making decision on house purchasing between real estate professionals and ordinary buyers.
In this theme, we utilize AHP to explore the interaction between real estate professionals who are closely related to this industry and ordinary buyers. From the regional point of view, the most significant variance appears in Taoyuan County and Taipei County where real estate professionals and ordinary buyers both value “resident conditions” as a most important factor while in Taipei City real estate professionals would view the price as the first priority.
3. Evaluation indicators and alternatives analysis of the factors which affect consumer in making decision on house purchasing.
Adopting AHP as an analytical method, we carried out questionnaire survey in Taipei City, Taipei County, and Taoyuan County as well as analyze their appraisal indicators. The findings are that, among five purchasing programs, namely newly completed houses, houses ordered before being built, houses auctioned by court, houses auctioned by banks, and houses auctioned by private financial sectors, the most likely case that consumers will choose is that of newly completed houses.
The four evaluation indicators that have affected consumers’ decision on buying a house are price, residential conditions, transaction system, and purchasers’ conditions. Among them, price and residential conditions are given more weight by consumers, but price alone possesses the highest weight to which both real estate professionals and ordinary buyers in Taipei City, ordinary buyers in Taipei County, and ordinary buyers in Taoyuan County all have given. Price is still the most influential factor when making a decision on house purchasing. However, is it realistic that price is so decisive as to reach to the extent like many people say “There is not any unmarketable house but an unacceptable level of price” ? The extremely aspect of this view needs be further considering deliberately.
As for the influential factors set up under the four evaluation indicators, here are the analyses: The three factors (price difference, transaction fee, and loan) of the first indicator named “housing price” are the first three valued factors either observed based on regional variance or based on purchasers. It can therefore be realized that how important and urgent it is to establish “price” information of the house purchasing market. In the second appraisal indicator named residential conditions, internal/external environment are the first three valued factors. However, internal environment seems to have more priority, and that is quite consistent with the traits of our fellow people, most of whom think only to care about themselves. Such phenomenon is quite common in many residential communities nowadays.
The real estate professionals and ordinary buyers both value “price difference” as a most important factor while the former added the factor of transaction fee, and the latter added up loan. From the difference areas point view, only Taoyuan County value “environment” more important than others. The rest of areas value “housing price” is the most important factor than others.
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台北市公立幼稚園教師利用資訊資源之研究 / A Study on the use of information resources of kindergarten teachers in Taipei許修嬋, Hsu, Hsiu Chan Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,我國出生率逐年遞減,少子化的現象普遍存在,家長及社會對於幼兒的教育十分重視,幼教老師在教學實施上備受壓力;而網路與科技媒體的蓬勃發展,更促使幼教老師必須重新思考教學的方式。教師如要運用教學媒體教授幼兒知識,須具備一定的資訊素養,懂得從各種管道尋獲教學資源。 / 本研究針對台北市公立幼稚園教師進行研究,期瞭解幼兒教師的資訊尋求行為概況;探討教師如何利用圖書館和網路資源準備教學;分析教師如何運用資訊資源進行專業成長;並瞭解幼教老師利用Blog的經驗。透過問卷調查和深度訪談來瞭解幼教老師利用資訊資源於教學上之概況。 / 研究發現,台北市公立幼稚園教師仍以女性教師為主,大部分教育程度在大學以上,年齡則以41~50歲居多,教師教學經驗豐富,六成的教師已從事教學達15年以上。高達92.5%的教師會使用網際網路,教師具有中上的資訊素養能力,且學歷較高和新進教師的教師具有較高的資訊素養。教師使用多種管道找尋合適的資源與媒體以支援教學,並將其評估、處理成為教材。在找尋資源時會考量資訊的正確性與方便性。 / 關於利用圖書館資源準備教學方面:教師至圖書館的目的為找尋教學相關資源;使用校內圖書室和台北市立圖書館找尋教學資源;使用繪本和影音資料為主。在利用網路資源協助教學上:教師利用網路資源準備教學;應用網路多媒體協助教學實施;參與網路社群分享教學資源及經驗;藉由網路平台紀錄教學活動;與家長進行親師溝通。而利用資訊資源進行專業成長上教師透過閱讀獲取專業知識;利用網路資源自我學習,並進行個人知識管理。此外,教師亦會運用Blog搜尋教學資源、分享教學經驗、整理學生學習歷程檔案、建置幼稚園網頁、記錄教學與整理教師教學檔案及建置個人Blog。 / 最後建議:(1)教育主管機關應鼓勵教師參與線上讀書會與成長團體,精進個人之專業知識;辦理各式資訊素養研習以提昇教師的資訊素養能力;委託相關單位編製資源示意圖協助教師準備教學;建置幼教專業知識共享平台,便於教師找尋及取得資源、整理個人教學知識,持續進行個人專業成長。(2)幼稚園圖書室應與鄰近圖書館合作並共享資源;協助教師充分利用圖書館資源準備教學。(3)幼稚園教師應充分利用資訊資源支援教學活動、進行終身學習;積極參與網路社群,利用Blog等網路平台與家長共同指導幼兒。
關鍵字:幼稚園教師;資訊尋求行為;教師專業成長;部落格 / This research focused on the utilization of information resources of public kindergarten teachers in Taipei. The purpose is to reveal the information seeking behaviors of kindergarten teachers, such as how the teachers use the library and internet resources to prepare for teaching; how teachers use the information resources to upgrade teachers' professional development; and the use of Blog. The study applies the questionnaire and in-depth interview to find out how the kindergarten teachers use the information resources. / According to this study, most of public kindergarten teachers in Taipei are female, hold bachelor degree, and the majority of them are about forties to fifties. Teachers are well experienced. Ninety two point percent teachers are able to use internet, most teachers are well equipped with information literacy. / Finally, suggestion were made as follows: (1) The Department of Education, Taipei City Government should encourage teachers to participate the online reading club and growth group for enhancing professional development; conducting all kinds of information literacy courses, compiling the pathfinders and setting up professional portal for professional growth. (2) The kindergarten library should cooperate with the neighboring libraries to share resources, and play the important role in assisting teachers using information resources. (3) Kindergarten teachers should learn how to utilize the information resources widely for supporting the teaching and achieve the life-long learning; participating in internet communities to upgrade their professional knowledge and core competences; and use the Blog and other social software to instruct kids with their parents together.
Keywords:Kindergarten Teachers;Information Seeking Behavior;Teachers' professional development;Blog
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網路媒體對新聞產製及專業之影響:個案分析(2000-2005年)陳秋雲, Chen, Chiou Yun Unknown Date (has links)
本研究為2000年至2005年之歷時性分析,採用個案史研究法,藉由「《明日報》的興衰」、「部落格(blog)在台灣的發展」、「周星馳想拍少林棒球?」、「SARS風暴」與「東海大學劈腿事件」五個案例的歷史紀錄,檢視網路時代新聞產製與專業呈現何種面貌。
此段期間國內媒體大環境的變遷,呈現報業經營困難、主流媒體趨於八卦化及網路個人媒體興起的現象。網路新聞的發展由最初傳統新聞媒體所成立之新聞網站,繼而出現網路原生報《明日報》,而後部落格等網路個人媒體逐漸興起,網路新聞的形式仍在演變中。
網路傳播的互動性特質提升閱聽人主動性,平民記者的概念開始出現。傳統新聞記者引用網路消息來源加以報導已不在少數,且常以獨家新聞或熱門網路話題作為新聞價值之判準,即使查證未果仍以截稿時間為由而刊登,傳統新聞專業強調真實報導、公正客觀等核心價值已被動搖。
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外籍專業人士在台工作及其相關權益之探討--以外籍英語教師為例 / White-Collar Foreign Workers in Taiwan: A Preliminary Research賴加華, Lai, Nancy Unknown Date (has links)
本研究欲探討外籍專業人士來台工作的三個階段(來台前、來台工作期間與
未來規劃),藉以瞭解外籍專業人士選擇來台工作的管道,在台期間工作狀況與
生活適應情形,未來的職涯規劃,以及勞雇雙方對我國相關規定的評價和看法,
以瞭解台印間的交流情形與狀況。
在方法上,本研究自2007 年3 月25 日起至2007 年4 月22 日止,為期約一
個月,總共9 位對象進行訪談,包括7 位外籍教師和2 位本國籍雇主。而本研究
主要發現為:
一、 來台前:
(一) 促使外籍人才向外流動的推力多為個人因素決定,而非原生國存在就業困
難。
(二) 網際網路的連結與社會網絡的關係,成為外籍專業人士獲得台灣工作機會
資訊,以及在台期間解決日常生活問題的重要因素。
(三) 本國籍雇主在招募外籍專業人士的過程中會因為地理因素而產生風險。
(四) 勞委會實施單一窗口制度之後,申請與引進外國專技人員過程所花費的時
間與交易成本仍有改進空間。
二、在台期間:
(一) 生活上
1.受訪的外籍教師表示在台灣的生活很安全,適應情形良好。
2.英語溝通與國際化生活環境的確會成為外籍教師在台工作的困擾。
(二) 工作上
1. 受訪的外籍教師對於自身在台工作權益的瞭解有限。
2. 國內聘用外籍教師的制度較為被動,無充足誘因吸引海外人才來台。
3. 整體而言,引進外籍教師須先顧及本籍英語教師資格任用制度,且聘用
外師也需要一通盤原則,對提升我國英語環境才有正面效益。
4. 目前台灣的學術研究環境因為資源分配和地區發展不均,造成城鄉英語
環境落差較大,外師應盡速引進至資源缺乏的地區。
三、未來規劃:
1. 獲得豐富的國外工作經驗對於受訪的外籍英語教師將來回原生國的生
活與工作相當有幫助。
2. 台灣人熱情且友善的態度讓人留下好印象,可能成為外籍英語教師回
流台灣工作服務的因素之一。
最後,本研究建議政府應該注重各相關部會的整合,以及繼續改善我國國際
化環境,加強外籍專業人士與我國勞動市場的供需媒合機制,促使我國與各歐美
國家的連結更為密切,有助於國家經濟和國際形象的發展。 / This research wants to probe into the three phases (before, during, and after) of
foreign professionals working in Taiwan, so as to understand the working
communication in Taiwan that foreign professionals use, their working situation and
living adaptation during in Taiwan, their career plans in the future, and the opinions of
employees and employers on related regulations.
This research uses the method of having interviews with the foreign English
teachers and native employers. From March 2007 to April 2007, 7 foreign English
teachers and 2 native employers were conducted. The main findings of this research
are as below:
I. Before coming to Taiwan:
1. Explore life experience is the reason that most foreign English teachers want to
find a job out of original country.
2. The connection of internet and relation of social network become the most
important factors for foreign professional skills about acquiring the information
of work opportunity, and solving the daily lives problems in Taiwan.
3. Because of distance, it causes risk factors through Taiwanese employers recruit
foreign English teachers.
4. There still have the spaces to improve the transaction cost spent in foreign
professionals importing and applying procedure after CLA implementing the
“Single Window” program.
II. Staying in Taiwan:
1. In Living:
a. In general, foreign English teachers in these interviews are satisfied with the
living environment in Taiwan.
b.Disappointedly, there is a blemish which is the English condition in Taiwan not
good enough, and there are no bilingual instruction in many public places
facilities, documents, and products.
2. In Work:
a. There are limitation for foreign English teachers to know about their own work
rights and interests in Taiwan.
b. The NSC system in attracting foreign professionals tends to be passive, there is
not enough attractiveness.
c. In general, we should consider native English teachers’ work rights and then
introduces the foreign teacher. There is a great positive benefit to our development
in promote English ability.
d. There are some problems existing in the environment of scholarly research in
Taiwan recently which are the unbalance of the resources distribution and
disproportion of region development.
III. Future plan:
1. Acquiring the foreign work experience is very important for these foreign English
teachers living and works in original country finally.
2. Taiwanese friendship and enthusiasm may become one of the factors that make
foreign English teachers come again.
To sum up, this research suggests that we government should emphasize more
on the integration of related departments to indeed implement “Single Window”
system, keep on improving our international condition, and strengthen the work
connection between the West and Taiwan, all of the above will help promoting
Taiwanese economic development and international image.
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組織異化與成員專業化之研究:以中華電信桃園營運處為例 / Organization alienation and personnel professionalization─a case study of chunghwa telecom Tao Yuan service center呂易芝 Unknown Date (has links)
組織為追求利益極大化,將員工視為生產的機器,組織內成員不過是其中的一顆螺絲釘而已,使得人與人或人與組織產生無力感、無規範感、無意義感等負面的情緒,形成組織異化(Alienation)的病態現象,在這樣的情形下,組織中的成員認為自己只是組織中的小螺絲釘,渺小而無用處,對工作、組織失去認同,員工不再精進自我的專業知識,也不遵守專業的倫理規範,提升員工專業化變成一件相當困難的事,進而影響組織的效能與運作。本研究將以中華電信桃園營運處為研究對象,探討異化與專業化的意義和各種理論、異化和專業化所包含各面向的內涵,分析組織異化和人員專業化(Professionalization)間的關連性,並根據研究結果,提供組織管理階層在人員管理上之參考。
實證研究的結果顯示,組織異化與員工專業化之間有關聯性存在。組織異化各面向與員工專業化各面向呈現負相關,亦即組織異化的程度越高,其員工專業化的程度越低。基於上述實證研究發現,本研究提出組織應實施績效管理、破除玻璃天花板效應(Glass Ceiling Effect)及建立組織學習文化等實務上之建議。
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新聞專業中的真實性:一種倫理主體的探究模式鄭宇君, Cheng,Yu-Chung Unknown Date (has links)
對宣稱以「報導真相」為職責的新聞專業而言,一旦新聞報導的「真實」被解構,不再有客觀真實做為新聞是否正確的參照依據,一切報導都是符號建構的結果,此時新聞專業「報導真相」的宣稱是否仍然有效?特別是當前新聞媒體打著「真實」的招牌進行與真實無關的活動,「真實」淪為新聞常規的儀式化象徵,新聞專業的正當性倍受質疑,新聞記者究竟該如何安身立命?難道真的沒有人在乎真實嗎?
本文從新聞記者的實際個案故事裡,探究新聞專業中的「真實」意謂什麼?除了新聞報導所再現的真實之外,從倫理主體的角度來看,記者更在乎的是新聞採訪報導過程中的真實性(truthfulness),關切的是在追求報導真相的過程中,記者是否盡可能真誠地報導他所知的一切?報導內容是否正確地反映他所掌握的現實?此時,真實不再只是報導的對象,真實做為一種價值,它是主體行事判斷的依據,也是主體追求的德行。記者在實際情境下行使專業判斷時,他所感到的良心不安,便是驅使他成為追求真實性的倫理主體之可能所在。
藉由傅柯晚期的倫理系譜學架構探究當代新聞專業的倫理問題,本文所關注的是記者如何運用自我技術將自己形塑為道德的行動者。因為良心不安的焦慮促使記者重新關心自己,透過真理意志的作用使他突破集體規訓對於個體的束縛,經由長期的自我修練促成個體由內而外的轉變,將自己打造成為追求真實性的倫理主體。如此一來,才使得新聞專業追求報導真實的理想,在不完美的現實情境下仍然有落實的可能。
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探索廣告主導向新聞:置入性行銷對電視新聞常規與記者專業性的影響 / Exploring advertiser-oriented news:the impact of product placement on TV news routine and professionalism劉蕙苓, Liu, Huei-Ling Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在經由新聞組織常規與記者專業性兩個面向,來探討置入性行銷對電視新聞的影響。其研究問題有四:(一)了解電視新聞置入性行銷的樣貌;(二)探討置入性行銷對電視新聞常規的影響;(三)探討置入性行銷對記者專業性的影響;(四)探索廣告主導向新聞的內涵為何?
本研究以質性深度訪談三十位電視新聞工作者,有以下幾項發現:(一)電視新聞的置入性行銷應重新予以定義,其內涵應包括直接付費的專案新聞,及不直接付費的業配新聞,它們都是以服務廣告主為目的而產製的新聞。(二)自2003年起政府將置入性行銷納入公開招標項目中後,已使電視新聞組織內逐漸建制了一種產製置入性新聞的常規,它與生產一般新聞的常規有所不同,宛如一個新聞工廠卻開闢了兩條生產線,用不同的邏輯來生產不同的新聞產品。研究顯示,這種常規使組織內得以藉此分享如何產製置入性新聞的知識。同時,也使得原來在組織中不被認可的價值,藉此取得合理與合法的地位。(三)置入性行銷雖然對記者的專業性認知影響至鉅,但也並非全然悲觀。在產製置入性新聞的過程,記者會呈現出四種不同的自主模式,以協商的方式從廣告主手中爭取更多自主空間;然而,研究也發現,在公共服務的認知上,記者往往會採取自我審查的方式,淡化有爭議的訊息,或用「新聞點」的角度來合理化自己的採訪。(四)本研究進一步提出置入性新聞是一種「廣告主導向」新聞。在台灣的電視新聞界目前正同時生產三種不同價值、不同目的、不同導向的新聞,它們分別是:公共利益導向、市場導向、及廣告主導向。
儘管如此,本研究仍然主張:置入性行銷使得媒體監督的對象可以出錢來影響新聞,而新聞所傳達的資訊摻雜了包裝精良的「廣告」,最終新聞作為一種「信任貨幣」的價值盡失,媒體守望監督的功能也跛了腳,其後果不單是對新聞界的衝擊,對社會整體的負面效果更是全面的。 / Product placement has been used in TV news production since 2000 in Taiwan. It raises an ethical discussion about whether journalism serves public or business interests. This study examines the use of product placement in TV journalism and its impact on TV news routine and professionalism.
By using qualitative and quantative methods, this study found the traditional definition of product placement which is used in the marketing field is not suitable for Taiwan’s news placement. The definition of news placement should include “project news placement” and “service news placement”. When the advertisers pay directly for news placement, this is called “project news placement”; on the other hand, when the advertisers pay indirectly and possibly with a promise of future rewards or benefits for the TV news organization, this is called “service news placement”.
This study found the production of this kind of paid news has become routinized . It seems like there are two assembly lines in a news factory: one for producing regular news and the other for producing paid news. Through this routinized process, journalists learn how to deal with this kind of news; in other words, the routine provide the mechanism to share the knowledge of producing paid news and also makes this kind of news legitimate in the news organization.
The results of this study also show the impact of product placement on the journalists’ perception of their professionalism. Although most TV journalists admit their autonomy has been limited due to control from advertisers who pay for the news, they still perceive they can have different autonomy models: negotiation, domination, accommodation, and carelessness. However, the perception of serving the public for journalists is quite limited. This study found that journalists focused on newsworthiness instead of public service when they were doing news placement, and journalists employ self-censorship when they are doing this paid news. Many respondents admitted they did not criticize the advertisers who pay money for reporting.
This kind of news is not serving the public but just serving business. This study suggests it should be called “advertiser oriented news”. In Taiwan, the TV news factory does produces three different kinds of news, which include public oriented, market driven, and advertiser oriented. However advertiser oriented news can be seen daily, this study concluded that unless journalists are able to report independently the audience cannot expect the news to fulfill public service. Any media organization that accepts news placement will gain profit but lose credibility in return.
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高風險社會工作專業人員之案主暴力風險知覺與人身安全現況研究 / Risk perception of client violence and work safety among social workers practiced in high risk fields徐雅嵐, Hsu, Yalan Unknown Date (has links)
社會工作者處於人身安全高度危險的工作環境中,國內相關的研究卻不豐富。本研究以處在高風險工作環境中的社會工作者為對象,瞭解他們目前遭受案主暴力對待的現況、回應方式,及對暴力風險的知覺情形。研究以郵寄問卷方式進行,資料蒐集範圍包括臺北市家庭暴力暨性侵害防治中心、各區社會福利服務中心、區域級以上醫療及精神醫療院所,發出231份問卷,回收有效問卷共計165份,回收率為71.43%。
首先,研究發現81.8%的社會工作者生涯中曾遭受某種形式的暴力攻擊,其中心理傷害80.6%、身體傷害16.4%、財產損害26.1%,經常發生的地點在「辦公處所」。研究尚發現44%的社工員經驗到多種形式的暴力,更有72%經驗到一次以上,顯見案主的暴力威脅並非偶發事件,高風險領域社會工作者確實面臨案主暴力威脅;邏輯迴歸分析發現,機構年資不長、工作經驗較短者面對暴力的可能性較高。其次,平均而言工作者身體風險知覺較心理及財務風險知覺為高,進一步以迴歸分析發現,尚未取得證照、保護性服務工作者、機構年資低、工作經驗較短者其風險意識較高。第三,受暴經驗與風險知覺有關,過去曾有受暴經驗的社工員整體風險知覺較高。最後,有關正式通報的情形,百分之五十七點四的受訪者表示遭遇心理傷害時會通報、受身體傷害和財務損害者則有近八成會通報,受到「形而外且具體」傷害時呈報上級的情形則更為普遍。
研究建議如下:實務上,機構應有清楚的政策及通報流程以增加暴力事件的可見度、提供員工情緒支持及教育訓練以提昇工作者風險意識及減緩工作恐懼感;工作者本身應改變信念並增加實務工作知能,避免將暴力事件地下化、私有化,及強化與案主工作時的應對技巧。另外,在教育養成上應有更多人身安全的訓練與關注,以避免社會工作學生因過度擔心阻礙其投入職場的信心。最後,政府政策應針對第一線人身安全高風險的社工員給予實質性保障、儘速將人身安全納入社工師法或專門立法,強調暴力「零容忍」的相關政策,以維護社工人員的尊嚴與生命安全。 / Although social workers are at risk of client violence in the workplace, little research on the situation has been done in Taiwan. The present study surveyed 165 social workers practicing in high risk fields in Taipei in terms of their experiences, reaction, and perception of client violence. The following are the findings. First, a prevalence rate of client violence (81.8%) was found. About eighty percent of social workers had experienced some type of psychological assault by clients during their work. Physical attack was reported by 27 workers (16.4%). Property damage was reported by 43 workers (26.1%). In multiple logistic regression, psychological assault was associated with two variables—less seniority and less social work experience. Second, on the average, scores of physical risk perception was much higher than the other two perceptions. Multiple regression showed that workers who were less senior, worked at protection service, with less social work experience, or without license, had higher scores of risk perception. Third, a significant positive correlation existed between client violence and risk perception. Finally, results indicated that only 57.4% of the subjects who suffered psychological assault had decided to report their experience formally. On the contrary, nearly eighty percent would report when they encountered physical attack or property damage – especially external and concrete harm. Implications for practice, training and policy were discussed.
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文官中立能力價值的實踐 以易淹水地區水患治理計畫為例 / The Practice of Neutral Competence in Civil Service A Case Study of Flood-Prone Area Management Plan湯琳翔 Unknown Date (has links)
古今中外的任何政體都需要仰賴一個以專業為核心的文官系統,才能使主權者的各類偏好,能夠確實地轉化成政策,並且以符合經濟與效率的方式執行,方能獲致治理的績效。專業官僚系統存在的意義,就是為了使有限的公共資源,能夠符合效率及效能或其他客觀標準在社會上進行權威性的配置。
而在多元民主政體中,除了同樣需要專業之外,為了避免文官系統的專業能力被政黨或特定團體所控制,造成公共資源的配置被黨派私利過度地扭曲,因而產生了文官「中立能力」價值的呼籲。在中立能力這個帶有規範性色彩的價值引導下,常任文官的事務系統與政黨為主的政務系統間,從人事制度到政策過程,都經由某些制度設計,區隔出了一定的距離,避免了官僚系統被政黨完全掌握。
然而,中立能力這個以確保官僚系統能夠維持專業為目的的價值,在我國卻被窄化為文官與行政機關不應涉入選舉與政黨活動的「行政中立」概念,而忽略了這些制度設計背後更重要的目的,討論的範圍也被限縮在行政中立法上,而沒能處理到政策過程以及官僚系統在組織管理與運作的部分。
本研究有兩個主要的目的,首先,在理論與概念的層次上,經由檢閱歐美民主國家對於中立能力概念的理論與實證研究,嘗試為國內對中立能力此一尚屬陌生卻又影響深遠的概念重新聚焦深化。其次,在實證研究的資料累積上,透過「易淹水地區水患治理計畫」這個政策個案,深度訪談水利署與地方政府水利單位官員,輔以官方報告、報章雜誌等次級資料的比對,探索在真實複雜的政策個案中,文官與行政組織能否實踐以專業為核心的中立能力價值,又是什麼樣的因素或是制度設計能夠確保其維持中立。
本研究最終發現,在理論與概念的層次上,中立能力價值又能夠區分為兩項內涵,分別是居於核心的專業主義以及作為指導與外界互動界面上的公正性。而在實證的政策個案研究上,易淹水地區水患治理計畫經由「以流域為整體單位的規劃報告」,嚴格要求工程的施作必須符合規劃中的整體性與急迫性,並且建立起從中央到地方對於工程施作的三級審核制度,使得治水工程的預算經費配置大致符合了專業的客觀標準,並且在近年的歷次颱風水患中發揮效用。在此個案中,專業規劃的報告與審查制度確保了中立能力的實踐與政策的果效。
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敎育團體在香港敎育政策釐訂過程中的角色: 香港敎育專業人員協會個案硏究 = The role of educational body in the educational policy-making process of Hong Kong : the case study of Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union. / Role of educational body in the educational policy-making process of Hong Kong: the case study of Hong Kong Professional Teahers' Union / Jiao yu tuan ti zai Xianggang jiao yu zheng ce li ding guo cheng zhong de jue se: Xianggang jiao yu zhuan ye ren yuan xie hui ge an yan jiu = The role of educational body in the educational policy-making process of Hong Kong : the case study of Hong Kong Professional Teahers' Union.January 1996 (has links)
譚秉源. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院敎育學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves iii-xvi (3rd group). / Tan Bingyuan [Tam Ping Yuen]. / Chapter 第一章 --- 問題闡述 / Chapter 第一節 --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 槪念的界定 --- p.3 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究背景 --- p.4 / Chapter 第四節 --- 硏究問題綜述 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻評述 / Chapter 第一節 --- 政策分析及政策釐訂過程 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二節 --- 現代資本主義國家內的政策釐訂過程 --- p.15 / Chapter 第三節 --- 協同主義 --- p.21 / Chapter 第四節 --- 敎育政策的釐訂架構 --- p.25 / Chapter 第五節 --- 敎育團體與教育政策釐訂 --- p.32 / Chapter 第六節 --- 理論總結與香港現實的剖析 --- p.34 / Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究設計 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究意義 --- p.41 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究目的 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究問題 --- p.43 / Chapter 第四節 --- 硏究範圍 --- p.44 / Chapter 第五節 --- 硏究方法 --- p.45 / Chapter 第六節 --- 硏究架構 --- p.47 / Chapter 第七節 --- 硏究設計 --- p.4 9 / Chapter 第四章 --- 香港敎育政策個案分析一 中學敎學語文政策(1974一一19 8 5) / Chapter 第一節 --- 簡述 --- p.50 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政策的背景和內容 --- p.51 / Chapter 第三節 --- 政府對中學敎學語文政策的立場 --- p.60 / Chapter 第四節 --- 敎協對中學敎學語文政策的立場 --- p.63 / Chapter 第五節 --- 敎協與政府就中學敎學語文政策爭論的焦點 --- p.66 / Chapter 第六節 --- 節敎協與政府就中學敎學語文政策問題的爭持行動 --- p.72 / Chapter 第七節 --- 敎協和政府就本政策釐訂所作的敎育互動 --- p.77 / Chapter 第八節 --- 對本個案的理論分析 --- p.81 / Chapter 第五章 --- 香港敎育政策個案分析二 中學敎學語文政策(19 8 ´6´ؤؤ1996) / Chapter 第一節 --- 簡述 --- p.88 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政策的背景和內容 --- p.89 / Chapter 第三節 --- 政府對中學敎學語文政策的立場 --- p.9 7 / Chapter 第四節 --- 敎協對中學敎學語文政策的立場 --- p.101 / Chapter 第五節 --- 敎協與政府就中學敎學語文政策爭論的焦點 --- p.104 / Chapter 第六節 --- 敎協與政府就中學敎學語文政策問題的爭持行動 --- p.107 / Chapter 第七節 --- 敎協和政府就本政策釐訂所作的敎育互動 --- p.115 / Chapter 第八節 --- 對本個案的理論分析 --- p.119 / Chapter 第六章 --- 香港敎育政策個案分析三 初中會考及初中成績評核政策 / Chapter 第一節 --- 簡述 --- p.123 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政策的背景和內容 --- p.124 / Chapter 第三節 --- 政府對初中會考及初中成績評核政策的立場 --- p.129 / Chapter 第四節 --- 敎協對初中會考及初中成績評核政策的立場 --- p.131 / Chapter 第五節 --- 敎協與政府就初中會考及初中成績評核政策爭論 的焦點 --- p.134 / Chapter 第六節 --- 敎協與政府就初中會考及初中成績評核政策問題 的爭持行動 --- p.1 9 / Chapter 第七節 --- 敎協和政府就本政策釐訂所作的敎育互動 --- p.144 / Chapter 第八節 --- 對本個案的理論分析 --- p.147 / Chapter 第七章 --- 香港敎育政策個案分析四 學習目標及目標爲本評估政策(英文簡稱TTRA ) / Chapter 第一節 --- 簡述 --- p.151 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政策的背景和內容 --- p.152 / Chapter 第三節 --- 政府對學習目標及目標爲本評估政策的立場 --- p.161 / Chapter 第四節 --- 敎協對學習目標及目標爲本評估政策的立場 --- p.163 / Chapter 第五節 --- 敎協與政府就學習目標及目標爲本評估政策爭論的焦點頁 --- p.170 / Chapter 第六節 --- 敎協與政府就學習目標及目標爲本評估政策問題的爭持 行動 --- p.183 / Chapter 第七節 --- 敎協和政府就本政策釐訂所作的敎育互動 --- p.190 / Chapter 第八節 --- 對本個案的理論分析 --- p.197 / Chapter 第八章 --- 總結 / Chapter 第一節 --- 簡述 --- p.203 / Chapter 第二節 --- 關於敎協爲影響敎育政策釐訂所作敎育互動的分析 --- p.204 / Chapter 第三節 --- 關於政府對敎協或整體社會所作敎育互動的分析 --- p.208 / Chapter 第四節 --- 關於政府釐訂及推行敎育政策所採策略的分析 --- p.210 / Chapter 第五節 --- 關於協同主義在香港的敎育政策釐訂過程中的體現分析頁 --- p.212 / Chapter 第六節 --- 關於派系互動理性取向在香港敎育政策釐訂過程中的體 現分析 --- p.215 / Chapter 第七節 --- 關於敎育團體影響敎育政策釐訂的效能分析 --- p.215 / Chapter 第八節 --- 關於敎育團體在本港敎育政策釐訂過程中的角色 --- p.217 / Chapter 第九節 --- 本硏究的意義 --- p.219 / Chapter 第十節 --- 本硏究的限制 --- p.220 / Chapter 第十一節 --- 結語 --- p.221 / 註釋 --- p.i / 參考文件 --- p.iii / 中文參考書目 --- p.x / 英文參考書目 --- p.xii
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