京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(文学) / 乙第12884号 / 論文博第611号 / 新制||文||610(附属図書館) / 31638 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科国語学国文学専攻 / (主査)教授 大谷 雅夫, 教授 木田 章義, 准教授 金光 桂子 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第20116号 / 文博第741号 / 新制||文||645(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科文献文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 大槻 信, 教授 大谷 雅夫, 准教授 金光 桂子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

本研究旨在調查九年一貫課程實施後，台北縣市國中英語教科書的使用現況及國中英語教師對這些教材的意見。 　　本研究主要探討的為：(1)國中英語教師選用新版教科書時所強調的標準,（2)各校英語教科書的評選委員與評選程序，(3)國中英語教師對新版英語教科書的滿意度與意見，包括學生習作與教師手冊，(4)更換教科書的原因與結果。 　　研究對象為五十七所國中的兩百五十三位英語教師。根據問卷調查，目前台北縣市的國中英語教科書有六個版本。 　　根據資料分析，得到以下主要的發現: 1. 在選教材時，英語教師所秉持的標準依序為合乎課程標準，教材內容，主題多元性，字彙數量，活動設計，插圖，版面，教師手冊，出版商的售後服務、聲望，教科書的第一印象，出版商為教師舉辦的研習，作者的學識等。 2. 各校的評選委員主要由英文老師組成，大多數學校評選教科書的程序為瀏覽各版本教科書，邀請出版商舉辦說明會，及舉行評選會議 。 3. 根據本研究所收集的資料顯示，大多數教師普遍上皆滿意九年一貫課程的新版教科書，但約有一半的教師認為內容太多、太難是他們所遭遇到的最大問題。 4. 根據所收集的資料顯示，有五所學校在第二學期更改教科書。教師們對第一學期所用的教科書不滿意的主要原因為教材內容非常難，內容組織不佳，及課與課之間缺乏連貫性。在更換新教科書後，大部分教師發覺之前教材所衍生的問題都解決了。因此大多數教師在更改教科書後覺得較滿意。 / This study aims to survey English textbook selection of junior high schools in Taipei City and Taipei County after the implementation of the Nine-year Integrated Curriculum and explore English teachers' opinions of these textbooks. This study focuses on the following issues: (1) the criteria highlighted by English teachers when evaluating the new textbooks, (2) the committees and the procedure of English textbook selection in each school, (3) the junior high school English teachers' satisfaction with and opinions about the contents of the new teaching materials, including students’ workbooks and teachers' manuals, (4)the reasons for teachers’ changing textbooks and its consequences. The recruited subjects are 253 junior high school English teachers from 57 schools. According to the questionnaires, there are 6 versions of textbooks used in junior high schools in Taipei City and Taipei County. After data analysis, the main findings are obtained as follows: 1.The criteria highlighted by English teachers when selecting the new textbooks are the correspondence to the curriculum standards, the contents, and a variety of themes. Considered important in sequence to the teachers who responded are the amount of vocabulary, the design of activities, the illustrations, the layout, the content of the teacher’s manual, and the level of service offered by the publisher, the publisher’s reputation, the first impression of the textbook, workshops provided for teachers by a publisher and the expertise of authors. 2.The selection committee in each school is mainly composed of the English teachers and the selection of English textbooks in most schools are done in the procedure of reviewing textbooks, inviting publishers to present their textbooks, and holding selection meetings. 3.According to the questionnaires collected in this study, most teachers were generally satisfied with the new textbooks developed for the Nine-year Integrated Curriculum. The most obvious problem with these new textbooks, according to the questionnaires, is that about half of the English teachers' dissatisfication with too much and too difficult content in the material. 4.Based on the questionnaires, five of the schools change textbooks in the second semester. The main reasons for the dissatisfaction with the first semester textbooks are that the textbooks are overly difficult, poorly organized, and lacking in continuity between lessons. After changing to new textbooks, most teachers find that the problems are solved. Therefore, most teachers are more satisfied after changing the textbooks.

本文以「代書」作為考察核心，剖析代書在台灣經歷性質相異政權統治下，代書內涵與意義呈現何種轉變，以及代書定著於台灣社會的歷史動因。 今日台灣社會法律事務的分工具有濃厚「日本因素」。日治時期的代書不再單純扮演「代筆」腳色，在「生活法律化」的脈絡下，代書成為國家與人民的對話窗口。代書與台灣人的接觸表現在法院訴訟、土地登記、政府行政規制等面向，由於國家對民間滲透力道日益強大，連帶為代書撐起一片執業空間。代書在日治時期的職業化與專門化，伴隨近代國家腳步而來，也因此在職業建構、自我與社會觀感上，深受國家力量左右。 代書的專業化表現在業務內容緊貼國家法律。1923年以後因日本內地「司法代書人法」(1935年改稱司法書士法)施行於台灣，導致代書分化為司法與行政代書人。司法代書人的管理、考選交由各地方法院長；行政代書人仍由地方州廳警察進行管理。相較以往警察當局僅要求代書人身分素行，法院更著重從業者的法律專業能力，水準約與法院書記相當。司法代書人不論在人數、地域分布及可親性上，都比辯護士具有優勢，對於近代西方法的傳播，特別是物權概念以及西式法院使用上，影響力不容小覷。由於法院將司法代書人視為輔助司法運作機制之一，調控從業人數，讓司法代書人維持在水準以上，吸引不少台灣人投入此一由國家「法律」所承認的職業，在日治中後期改變了原以日本人為主的職業族群結構。 戰後國民黨政府在其歷史經驗中，並無相類似於台灣本地的代書脈絡，因此對於代書的認識與需求，仍停留在舊中國的歷史記憶。戰前台灣的代書脈絡，當局先暫以「司法書記」與「土地代書人」保留。但前者在1969年以「疏減訟源」為由遭廢，自此消失在國家法中；後者由廢除轉向接受的歷程中，跌宕起伏，耗費極大社會成本。國家長期對代書採取消極態度，民間仍舊延續日治以來與代書的互動經驗，雖國家法與民間對代書的體認不相重合，但代書在民間所累積的厚實法律生活基礎，終讓原無代書之制中華民國法體制，融入台灣民間社會既有歷史經驗，承認代書的存在意義與價值。

本研究共計一冊，約十萬餘字，以五章十八節對國民小學圖書館建築規畫的主題進行 探究，其中包括： 第一章：緒論。說明本研究的動機、目的、範圍、價值、方法、資料來源及專用名詞 詮釋。 第二章：小學圖書館建築規畫的基本概念。其中的第一節以圖衵館的概念為主，就其 意義、本質、特性、功能、管理原則及發展情形做一描述；第二節以建築的概念為重 心，也就其意義、本質、特性、功能、原則及發展現況做一敘述；第三節則探討規畫 的概念，除說明意義、本質外，對於小學圖書館建築規畫時應有的理念、法令依據與 原則，亦一併列述。 第三章：小學圖書館建築規畫的重要問題。包括第一節對學生特質之研究，除了對學 生數量之考慮外，對學生的生理需求與心理特質亦一併研討；第二節分析圖書館的空 間配置，強調館藏、閱覽者、工作人員的三種空間均應做合理的安排；第三節研討圖 書館館址的選擇問題，對於基地應有的尺度、與周圍建築體的關係、全校人員分佈與 主動線情形、方位影響，均做了分析；第四節說明成立館舍規畫小組的理論，及參與 者的職責。 第四章：小學圖書館建築規畫的方法。第一節是確立規畫目標，透過對目標層次與性 質的分析，訂定目標。第二節研討資料的收集，對於資料種類、來源與資料選擇標準 ，提示了方向。第三節是資料處理的方式，包括對資料的分析、評估、綜合與組織。 第四節是說明規畫報告的編寫，除指出報告的要項外，尚列出編寫時應注意事項。 第五章：討論、結論與建議。綜合研究結果，建議（一）透過職前教育與在職進修， 以加強教育行政人員，對圖書館、建築、規畫的正確概念。（二）更周詳的訂定圖書 館建築標準法規。（三）集思廣益，善用社會資源的提高小學書館的品質。（四）不 斷研究、改進、創新、使小學圖書館能順應潮流趨勢。

本研究旨在從著作權法探討國外大學圖書館參與GBS計畫之動機、內涵與著作權法問題，藉以瞭解數位圖書館相關的數位著作權法；並以深度訪談方式探究我國學術圖書館對GBS計畫之意義與價值，以及合理性與問題。本研究以文獻分析瞭解相關數位著作權議題，從個案研究中瞭解國外大學圖書館的觀點與做法，最後以深度訪談瞭解我國學術圖書館對其看法與意願。 本研究結論可歸納以下：(1)數位圖書館計畫相關之著作權主要在於有無授權、重製、公開傳輸與合理使用的議題上；(2)英美圖書館參與GBS計畫具有相當理由與動機；(3)英美圖書館參與GBS計畫採取全部、部分混合與無著作權模式；(4)英美圖書館考量著作權，而採取合理使用限制措施；(5)英美圖書館參與GBS計畫有制定其數位化程序與責任；(6)國外作者與出版社對於GBS計畫所侵犯的權利為重製、散布與展示；(7)我國學術圖書館對於參與GBS計畫看法兩極；(8)我國學術圖書館參與GBS計畫擔憂涉及著作權問題；(9)我國圖書館認為參與GBS計畫部分合法性不足；(10)我國學術圖書館對參與GBS計畫傾向採取無著作權保護之著作模式。 最後建議為：(1)政府宜制訂法定數位送存制度；(2)大學或圖書館應設置有關著作權管理權責中心以利處理智慧財產權問題；(3)Google應強化安全保護措施機制與保證，以維護其形象；(4)Google應積極與作家與出版社協商對談以及取得授權來降低爭議；(5)對著作權權利人之建議應勇於嘗試新的商業模式。 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons that why foreign university libraries join the Google Book Search Library Project and copyright issues, so that conclude the issues related digital copyright law in digital library. Furthermore, the study used interviews for investigating the meaning, value, and legitimate issues of GBS Library Project from the viewpoint of academic libraries in Taiwan. According to the literature review, the study clarified digital copyright issues. In addition, the study obtained the views of foreign university libraries toward GBS Library Project by case studies. Finally, the study used interviews to understand the opinions of GBS Library Project from academic libraries in Taiwan. The results of the study are summarized below: (1)The key copyright issues that related to related to Digital Library Project are copyright authorization, reproduction, the fair use, and the right to public transmission. (2)There are legitimacies and motivations for UK and USA libraries participate in GBS Library Project. (3)There are three models that adopted by UK and USA libraries for participating in GBS: all collection or part of collection and no copyright works to scan. (4)Considering copyright issues, UK and USA libraries take reasonable measures to restrict the use of digital copies. (5)UK and USA libraries contract with Google for its procedures and responsibility. (6)Foreign authors and publishers consider that GBS is accused of violating for their rights of the reproduce, distribute and display. (7)The academic libraries in Taiwan have bipolar view for joining GBS. (8)The academic libraries in Taiwan worry about copyright issues for joining GBS. (9)The academic libraries in Taiwan consider that the GBS project is lack of legitimacy to join it. (10)If the academic libraries in Taiwan join the GBS project, they would be inclined to put in out-of-copyright works. Based on the final results of this study, several suggestions are as follow：(1)Government should establish a legal policy of digital deposit, (2)University or library should set up a copyright management center which has right and responsibility to deal with intellectual property rights issues; (3)Google should strengthen safety measures and guarantee mechanisms to protect it’s image. (4)In order to reduce the controversy, Google should consult with the authors and publishers actively to obtain authorization (5)The copyright owners should be willing to try a new business model.

書是社會文明的載體，是人類進步的階梯。電腦、網路的飛速發展，使得電子書引發了新一輪的書籍革命。隨著智慧型手機的出現，用手機閱讀電子書以前方便靈活，充分利用零散時間，因此受到年輕人的追捧。但是，電子書本身也存在各樣的問題，諸如不符合人們的閱讀習慣，以及產業鏈的不成熟等。因此，調查使用者的行為模式和對於電子書的喜好，以瞭解使用者對電子書的看法及接受度是本文研究的重點，本研究透過UTAUT模式探討績效期望、付出期望、社會影響、輔助條件等自變數對於使用意圖與使用行為的影響力和預測力。本研究採取問卷調查的方式，在多個網路論壇上發放，共收回問卷352份，其中剔除無效問卷後得到有效樣本計232份，有效的樣本回收率達65.9%。究結果顯示，受試者大多擁有智慧型手機（77%），使用時多以娛樂為目的（55%），僅以工作為目的者最少（4%），大多偶爾閱讀（47%），多數人未曾花錢下載付費電子書（86%）。在電子書使用經驗方面，多數受試者使用電子書不到1年（42%），在使用智慧型手機方面，同樣是使用不到1年時間者居多（60%），而使用智慧型手機閱讀電子書方面，同樣是不足1年最多（68%）。 受試者使用智慧型手機閱讀電子書之績效期望、輔助條件、付出期望等各構面對使用意圖及使用行為的預測達到顯著水準，而社會影響構面與使用經驗干擾變數則影響力未達顯著。 / Books are the vehicle for social civilization and the ladder of human progress. Due to the rapid development of computers and the Internet, electronic books (ebooks) have triggered a new round of the book revolution. With the emergence of smartphones, using mobile phones to read ebooks has become convenient, flexible, and a way to make full use of scattered bits of time. Therefore, the use of smartphones for such purposes has been pursued by young people. However, ebooks present various problems of their own, such as incompatibility with individual reading habits and the immaturity of the industrial chain. Thus, the focus of this study was to survey user behavioral models and affinity for ebooks to understand users views on and degree of acceptance of ebooks. This study used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to investigate the influence and predictive power of the following independent variables on usage intention and usage behavior: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Research results showed that a majority of respondents had smartphones (77 %). Respondents who used their phones mostly for entertainment purposes composed the largest category (55 %), while those who used their phones only for work purposes formed the smallest category (4 %). A large percentage occasionally read ebooks (47 %), but most respondents had never spent money on downloading payable ebooks (86 %). Regarding experience using ebooks, most respondents had used ebooks for under one year (42 %). Regarding experience using smart phones, the group that had used smart phones for less than one year was also the largest (60 %); a high percentage of users (68 %) had been using smart phones to read ebooks for less than one year. The predictive power of performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and effort expectancy on usage intention and usage behavior with regard to using smartphones to read ebooks achieved a level of significance. As for social influence and moderator experience, the predictive power didn’t reach a level of significance.

隨著知識經濟時代的來臨，運用資訊科技是現代人必備的基本能力。而學校圖書館因地利之便，是國小師生最容易接觸到的資訊來源之一。教師要培養學生利用圖書館的習慣與能力，則本身必須具備圖書館專業知能，並懂得善用圖書館的各項資源。 本研究以基隆市國民小學教師為對象，旨在調查教師對學校圖書館的認知與使用學校圖書的概況，並探討其差異情形。再綜合教師對學校圖書館的意見提出建議，供未來制定圖書館相關政策或研擬經營發展方向時的參考。本研究採用問卷調查法，研究結果摘要如下： 不同背景之教師對學校圖書館各面向的認知均有正面的評價。其中以「推展閱讀」面向的認知最為良好，其次依序為「與課程的關聯性」、「規劃設計」及「館藏、管理與服務」面向，而認同度最低的則為「支援教學」面向。 教師對學校圖書館的認知情形會隨著教師的目前職務、教育程度、年齡及性別等背景變項而有不同的差異情形。兼任行政教師最能認同「館藏、管理與服務」、「與課程的關連性」、「支援教學」與「推展閱讀」等面向的功能。一般大學畢業者對「規畫設計」面向的認同度最高；師範院系畢業者對「與課程的關聯性」面向的認知較為良好；年齡大的教師最能認同圖書館「推廣閱讀」的功能；男性教師則對「支援教學」面向感到較滿意。 教師在使用學校圖書館時，以支援教學為主要目的，但因教學上的需求使用圖書館的頻率與時間卻明顯偏低。教師最倚重網路資源以滿足資訊需求；在使用圖書館資料的情形方面則尚待加強；最需要圖書館提供教學新知資源；認為最需要改進的是館藏數量不足的問題。教師並不常參加圖書館利用專業知能的進修，但在圖書館利用能力上有很不錯的自我評價。 教師使用學校圖書館的情形會隨著教師的背景變項而有所差異。導師及兼任行政教師使用的情形較為類似。師範院校畢業、資深、年齡較長及女性教師，使用學校圖書館的情形則較為良好。 由研究結果歸納以下建議：地方政府及教育主管機關每年應提撥固定的經費；增設圖書館專職人員之編制；建立全市國民小學圖書館教學資源共享平台。學校方面應積極爭取經費；多元化增購館藏；整合學校圖書館為教學資源中心。教師方面，應把握專業進修的機會、將圖書館利用教育融入教學；善用學校圖書館資源，並適時主動提出建議，以落實學校圖書館支援教師教學之功能。 / For the coming alongside with the era of knowledge-based economy, it has become our fundamental capability that people today have to be able to make use of information technology. As of location convenience for school library, it has become one of the sources so that teachers and students elementary can access to information. In fact, if teachers must nurture students with habit and capability to exploit library, they must be able to be equipped with professional knowledge of library and are able to make use of various kinds of resources of library. This study has taken the teachers of elementary school teachers of Keelung City as its subjects, and aimed to investigate the cognition of teachers regarding school library as well as the scenario making use of school library. Besides, it would also explore the difference. This study will employ questionnaire survey, with its research results summarized found as follows: Teachers of diverse background are found with positive evaluation regarding each of the aspects for school library. Among them, the aspect of “promotion for reading” is considered to be of the best, seconded by aspects as “relevancy to curriculum,” “library collection, management, and service,” and “programming design,” whereas the aspect of “support to teaching” tails and is found with the lowest cognition. Teacher’s cognition of school library was different in accordance with the background variables such as current position, educational background, age and gender. Teachers with administrative position can recognize most school library’s functions in the aspects of “library collection, management, and service,” “relevancy to curriculum,” “support to teaching” and “promotion for reading”. Average college graduates gave highest approval to the aspect of “programming design,” while, teacher’s college graduates expressed more approval in the aspect of “relevancy to curriculum,”; older teachers approved most in the function of “promotion for reading”; male teachers were more satisfied with the aspect of “support to teaching”. The primary aim for teachers to use school library is supposedly to support their teaching demands; however, the results reflecting in frequency and time for this purpose were relatively low. As for teachers who rely on network resources to accommodate their information needs, it is found that the scenario making use of information with school library remains much to be improved. In fact, what teachers need most from school library is that it can provide resources of novel knowledge, while the problem of library collection is what teachers consider improvement must be made. Teachers do not often attend further training for professional competence of school library, but they do have rather favorable self-evaluation regarding the utility of library manpower. Teachers’ use of school library was found to vary in accordance with the variables of their background. Homeroom teachers and teachers with administration position seemed more identical in their use of school library. Teacher’s college graduates, senior teachers and older teachers as well as female teachers would show a better use of school library. As learned and concluded from study results, it is thus suggested: local government and competent authority of education should appropriate fixed amount of expenditure annually, increase the formation of specialized personnel for school library, and establish collective platform for teaching resources among school library of elementary schools for the entire city. On the part of schools, they should actively strive for more funding, increase library collections with diversified channels, and integrate school library as the center of teaching resources. On the part of teachers, they should take hold of chance for professional study and training, combine school library into their teaching, make good use of resources from school library, and appropriately put forth proposal, thus helping to realize the function of having school library in support teaching for teachers.

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