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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

書寫行為中之筆壓與時間變項與書寫者人格特質之關係之探索研究

管慶慧, GUAN, GING-HUI Unknown Date (has links)
書寫行為與書寫者的人格特質關係密切。書寫筆跡並非僅是單純的手部活動的結果, 且係書寫者人格(Personality )的表現,書寫者的人格各有不同,則筆跡必因之而 異;從書寫行為中,我們可以推知書寫者的人格特質,而在書寫行為中,筆壓(Pen pressure)和書寫速度(Writing speed )是較不可能被學習、模仿的,因此,在書 寫過程中,具有高度的自然性(Naturalness )和即興、自發性(Spontaneity )。 基於上述假設,在本論文中,我們選擇書寫行為中筆壓與時間變項來探討其與書寫者 在內-外向(Extroversion -Introversion)勇猛性(Psychoticism)、神經質( Neuroticism )及場地獨立-依賴性(Field independent v.s. depedent )等四項 人格特質的關係。 本研究收集26名男女大學生及13名精神病人在書寫行為中之筆壓變項,與人格特質變 項一分別以艾氏人格問卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnarire)、藏圖測驗二種 人格測驗測量之一間的關係。所得之主要結論如下: 1.性格愈內向的,筆壓愈重。 2.性格愈外向的,筆壓愈輕。 3.場地獨立性傾向愈高的,筆壓愈輕。 4.場地依賴性傾向愈高的,筆壓愈重。 5.精神病人之筆壓平均高於正常人組。 6.筆壓愈重者,書寫速度愈慢。 7.筆壓愈輕者,書寫速度愈快。
102

台灣高科技產業圖書館員參與知識管理團隊之研究

劉欣蓓, Liu, Hsin-Pei Unknown Date (has links)
高科技產業在台灣已成為產業發展之主軸,而知識經濟更是目前各先進國家積極推動與發展之經濟。隨著知識經濟時代的來臨,知識成為企業組織提昇競爭力的關鍵資源,知識管理因而成為二十一世紀企業經營的重要潮流,也為在企業服務的圖書資訊專業館員帶來了許多機會與挑戰。圖書資訊學界向來以知識的管理者自許,在這波知識管理的熱潮中,專業館員應思調整心態,積極充實、培養參與知識管理所需之相關技能,以因應這個新經濟時代的來臨。 本研究旨在瞭解國內高科技產業知識管理團隊成員的需求、圖書資訊專業館員在參與企業知識管理團隊之情形、探討館員在企業知識管理團隊中扮演的角色,以及所需具備或加強之相關技能,做為日後參與高科技產業公司組織知識管理團隊之準備,並提供國內圖書資訊學教育界參考,以規劃相關課程訓練,培訓更多優秀的知識管理人才,使其在未來能協助企業界與其他機構進行知識管理,進而提昇台灣產業的競爭力。 本研究採用質化的深度訪談法,並輔以問卷調查法兩種方式進行研究調查。主要針對國內高科技產業知識管理團隊負責人及相關人員、高科技產業中已參與和即將參與知識管理團隊之館員、管理顧問公司經理人、以及知識管理軟體公司人員進行深度訪談,以瞭解高科技產業對於知識管理人才之需求,及館員在知識管理團隊中扮演的角色與貢獻,並輔以問卷調查之量化統計來歸納整理出高科技產業館員參與知識管理團隊所須具備之相關技能。 由上述研究結果發現:一、高科技產業理想的知識管理團隊成員為一跨領域的工作團隊;二、館員在企業知識管理團隊中雖非主導者,卻是不可或缺的成員;三、影響高科技產業圖書館員參與知識管理之關鍵因素為:(1)館員在企業組織的層級;(2)知識管理主導者對圖書資訊專業的瞭解程度;(3)館員的商業價值認知程度;(4)館員對領域知識內容的瞭解程度;(5)館員的人格特質及態度;四、館員在知識管理中扮演的角色及貢獻除知識分類外,尚可擔任其他新興角色;五、高科技產業圖書館員參與知識管理團隊所需之相關技能構面,以思考與態度技能為首、其次依序為圖書資訊管理技能、人際溝通技能、策略與商業技能、管理技能、企業相關法律/專利技能,以及資訊技術技能。 最後建議:一、高科技產業應延攬資訊內容領域人才加入知識管理團隊;二、館員應提昇相關技能,並積極爭取參與企業知識管理之機會;三、高科技產業應整合資料中心與其他相關單位為知識管理中心;四、圖書資訊學界應規劃切合業界需求之知識管理課程。 / Knowledge economy is the trend of most developed countries. With the coming of knowledge economy, the Knowledge Management (KM) becomes the key factor to improve the competitiveness of industry, especially for high-tech industry in Taiwan. Due to this, the KM brings a lot of challenges and opportunities to those professional corporate librarians who work in high- tech industry. To meet the challenge of KM, the competency owned by corporate librarian is very important. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the qualifications of KM team members, the participation and role-play of professional corporate librarians within KM team, and the necessary competency of corporate librarians. The result of this study can be the reference framework for the high-tech companies preparing for the organization of KM. In addition, it could also give suggestions for curriculum development for the schools of Library and Information Science. This thesis employed a depth interview approach associated with questionnaire investigation. The people interviewed include all ranks of KM team, including the KM team leader or related role, corporate librarian, management consult companies, and KM software companies. They were requested to fill out the questionnaire forms about the competencies for KM as well. According to these questionnaire forms, the quantity measurement can give an indication of the importance of the competencies for corporate librarian participating in KM team. The findings of this thesis are the followings: (1) The ideal KM team of high-tech companies should be a multi-area combination; (2) The recruitment of corporate librarian in KM team can be beneficial; (3) The key factors influencing the participation of corporate librarian in high-tech KM team are (i) the hierarchical level in the organization, (ii) the sympathy of KM leader in library and information science, (iii) business sense of corporate librarian, (iv) the comprehension of corporate librarian in domain knowledge, (v) the personality and attitude of corporate librarian; (4) Corporate librarian can play the roles not only in knowledge classification, but also in other domains; (5) The most important competency of corporate librarian in high-tech industry KM team are thinking and attitude skills, follows by library and information science skill, communication skill, strategy and business skills, management skill, business law/patent skills, and information technology skill. The Suggestions include: (1) High-tech companies should recruit information content domain experts in KM team. (2) Corporate librarian should build up more critical competencies in order to get into the kernel of KM. (3) High-tech companies are encouraged to integrate corporate library with the other departments to establish a KM center. (4) Schools of library and information science should design new curriculum to satisfy the need of KM in Taiwan high-tech industry.
103

我國大學校史館(室)之功能與行政隸屬研究

錢中媛, Chien,Chun-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
大學校史館是指在一個所大學中,由相關的策略、人員、館藏和設備所組成的單位,該單位保存、維護該校文件方面的歷史遺產,並將其整理成可系統性保存和易於取得的形式。其組織定位是相當重要的問題,因為行政層級與隸屬的規劃將影響日後校史館在校內進行各項相關工作的權限與方向,同時將影響其他單位的配合方式,而主管單位的看法也將影響校史館的發展及其所發揮的功能。 為能深入瞭解有關大學校史館在不同行政隸屬下所受到的影響,本研究先針對研究主題蒐集國內、外相關文獻加以分析,彙整歸納出可供研究參考之資料後,再採用「多重個案研究法」模式進行研究,以「訪談法」作為意見資料之蒐集工具。本研究以我國大學校史館為主要之研究對象,分別針對我國大學中獨立為一級單位、隸屬於祕書室及隸屬於圖書館之校史館抽樣進行訪談,訪談對象共計十館,分別提出相關經驗及看法。 研究結果包括:一、歐美各國大學校史館多隸屬於圖書館,中國大陸之大學校史館均獨立為一級單位,我國則多隸屬於祕書室;二、隸屬於祕書室及圖書館之大學校史館,其業務多為兼辦性質,人力不足則為各校普遍遭遇之限制;三、獨立為一級單位及隸屬於圖書館之大學校史館人員具有相關之專業背景,對校史館之整體業務推展及運作較有直接幫助;四、大學校史館普遍缺乏明確之任務,而以典藏及展示為主,並未因行政隸屬之不同而有顯著差異;五、不同行政隸屬之大學校史館在部分業務及功能上呈現明顯差異,包括:(一)獨立為一級單位及隸屬於祕書室之大學校史館大多已建立明確之定期徵集模式,對校史資料之徵集工作較為有利;(二)隸屬於圖書館之大學校史館多採常態開放型式,且開放時段較長;而獨立為一級單位及隸屬於祕書室之大學校史館則多採預約開放或定期開放型式,且開放時段較短。開放型態及時段將影響校史館之普及性及其所發揮之效益;(三)獨立為一級單位及部分隸屬於圖書館之大學校史館多訂有校史資料之利用規則,對史料的提供利用已具備一定的規範;(四)隸屬於祕書室之大學校史館多具有記錄及出版校史之功能;(五)獨立為一級單位之校史館具有支援教學與研究之功能,已將校史資料的利用層次向上提昇,亦為校史館開創新的發展方向;六、不同行政隸屬之大學校史館在部分業務上面臨之問題呈現明顯差異:(一)隸屬於祕書室者之主要問題在於欠缺資料處理與管理方面之相關專業能力;(二)獨立為一級單位者則認為校內其他各單位的配合度不高,以致部分業務運作上有困難;(三)隸屬於圖書館之大學校史館在業務推展上,則明顯地面臨較多問題,包括:1.欠缺史學專業,影響對資料內容的掌握程度;2.經費不足,主要因為易與圖書館預算項目產生排擠現象,此問題亦為國外大學隸屬於圖書館之校史館的三大問題之首;3.徵集資料時,權限不足、資訊掌握度不足及各單位配合度不高。 最後針對以上研究結果提出五項建議:一、呼籲各校設置專職人員規劃校史館業務,並由圖書館管理,或更進一步設置獨立的校史館;二、訂定明確之校史館任務;三、促請校方高層分別針對各校不同行政隸屬而引起之問題進行修正,包括:加強校史館人員之專業背景及相關訓練、建立明確之校史資料定期徵集模式,並與校內各單位保持密切聯繫、加強對校史之重視程度、採用分工方式分別進行徵集工作及其他後續工作;四、增強校史館在校園內存在之價值與必要性,可努力的方向包括:支援教學與研究、編纂校史與出版、配合募款工作,以發揮校史館功能;五、組成全國、區域或主題性大學校史館之合作組織,分享經驗或進行館藏分享與合作,共同推動大學校史館之發展。
104

國立成功大學圖書館建築用後評估之研究 / Post Occupancy Evaluation of National Cheng Kung University Library

朱家榮, Jhu,Jia-Rong Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,國內有不少公私立大專校院相繼進行圖書館的新建或改建工程,反應出學校對於圖書資訊資源的重視性。大學圖書館於規劃時應注意空間的配置,如各區域的設計;注意空間中物理因素的規劃,如燈光、聲音、溫濕度、地點的選擇與其他考量因素,且大學圖書館的空間規劃應視每一所大學的教育目標、藏書量或座位數,再作彈性的調整。為了讓大學圖書館發揮更完善的功能,更符合使用者需求,必須以用後評估(Post Occupancy Evaluation)的觀點探討大學圖書館建築設計與規劃之實行成效,並檢視大學圖書館建築與使用者需求間的落差,如能結合圖書館使用者行為之調查結果,將可以幫助圖書館及建築師,日後在規劃設計做出最佳之判斷。 本研究旨在瞭解成功大學圖書館近年來努力的成果,可藉由用後評估來探討成功大學圖書館的建築空間與設施使用成效的各種因素,並發現問題、提出建議,以供現在及未來圖書館的管理者在建築規劃與設計工作的參考,作為未來設計者與研究者在規劃大學圖書館建築與設計之參考。 本研究首先透過文獻分析法,探討目前國內外圖書館建築及用後評估相關理論,並輔以個案探討。透過問卷調查法,探討目前成功大學圖書館的空間使用情況與滿意度。接著進行深度訪談法,以進一步瞭解成功大學圖書館,並探討相關人員對用後評估結果的看法及建議。最後結合文獻分析與上述研究發現進行分析與歸納,提出成功大學圖書館實施用後評估之具體建議。 研究發現:一、成功大學圖書館規劃乃依人文、科學及藝術不同空間需求設計;二、成功大學圖書館特色為模矩式設計、動線規劃清楚、多元化閱覽空間及設置電動密集書架;三、成功大學圖書館歷經長久研究、多方參與及審慎整合而成;四、藝文空間滿意度最高;五、服務空間滿意度最低;六、公共空間完整體現成功大學圖書館建築規劃設計理念;七、討論空間有效整合教學與研究需求;八、物理環境及設備尚待加強;九、具傳統與現代之美的圖書館建築;十、成功大學精神與象徵意義之建築。 最後,提出下列建議:一、建築規劃書是圖書館加強監督設計、管理和發展的資料;二、圖書館建築規劃設計應循專業與合理原則並告知限制條件;三、成立建築規劃小組與諮詢顧問;四、圖書館建築需配合校園整體發展;五、審慎評估物理環境;六、建立指標系統識別空間;七、空間規劃及管理應具有彈性;八、定期進行用後評估工作。 / In the past years, there have been a number of new college library buildings or reconstructing current libraries. This reflect the emphasis of these schools on the library and information resources. When mapping out college libraries, space allocation such as design of each area has to be focused on. One also has to pay attention to planning of physical elements in space such as lighting, sounds, temperature, moisture, selection of locations and others. Moreover, space planning has to be adjusted in accordance with education goals, size of collection and seats of each college. To fully develop the functions of college libraries to meet users’ needs, we need to adopt post occupancy evaluation to discuss the architecture design and practice performances of college libraries as well as reviewing the gap between college library construction and users’ needs. The combination of survey on library users’ behaviors will assist libraries and architects in making the best judgment in planning. The study aims to understand the results of the efforts of National Cheng Kung University Library in the past years. Post Occupancy Evaluation is adopted to discuss the elements such as architecture space and facilities performances of National Cheng Kung University Library, give questions and offer suggestions to serve as reference for library manager in construction planning and researchers when planning and designing college libraries. Literature is reviewed used with case study to discuss theories on architecture and post occupancy of domestic and foreign libraries. With questionnaire survey, space occupancy satisfaction is explored. In-depth interview serves to further understand National Cheng Kung University Library and explore comments and suggestions of related personnel after occupancy. At last, analysis and generalization is made to offer concrete suggestions to National Cheng Kung University Library on post occupancy evaluation. Based on the research findings, the conclusions include planning of National Cheng Kung University Library is based on the different needs of humanist, scientist and artists; 2) characteristics of National Cheng Kung University Library are matrix design, clear route arrangements, diverse reading space and establishment of compact bookshelves; 3) National Cheng Kung University Library is considered under long study, full participation and careful integration; 4) the art space enjoys the highest satisfaction; 5) the service space experiences the lowest satisfaction; 6) the public space completely expresses the design concept of National Cheng Kung University Library; 7) the discussion space effectively integrates the needs of education and research; 8) physical environment and facilities require improvement; 9) National Cheng Kung University Library has the building of beauty of modernity and tradition; and 10) the building expresses the spiritual and symbolic meanings of National Cheng Kung University. Based on the above results, we offer the suggestions: 1) Construction Planning is the material for the Library to enhance supervision on design, management and development; 2) Planning and design of the Library shall be made in the principle of professionalism and rationality with information of limitation conditions; 3) Construction Planning and Consultation Team shall be established; 4) Construction of the Library shall be in line with overall campus development; 5) Physical environment has to be cautiously evaluated; 6) Indicator system identification space has to be established; 7) Space planning and management shall be flexible and 8) Post occupancy evaluation has to be conducted periodically.
105

戰後台灣教科書制度問題之研究--以高中歷史教科書為例(1945-2005)

駱毓貞 Unknown Date (has links)
本文所要探討戰後台灣教科書制度所產生之問題,在高中教科書的編訂制度上,由於受到不同政權權力的影響,意識型態及文化霸權如何呈現在高中歷史教科書的課程標準(或課程綱要)中,是否會因不同政權的執政而產生不同的意識型態輸入;戰後台灣在解嚴前與解嚴後,教科書制度所產生的變化對於高中歷史教科書有何影響。並以艾波的文化再製與葛蘭西的文化霸權為本文論述之依據,試以爬梳戰後台灣教科書制度問題之所在。 本文試以社會教育學鍾艾波的文化再製理論與葛蘭西文化霸權理論作為理論架構,檢視台灣戰後教科書制度在統編制與審定制的演變中,對於意識型態及文化的輸入至高中歷史課程,在課綱制定的過程中,國家政權如何控制高中課程的內容,以及各界社會、學者對於戰後台灣教科書制度爭議之焦點所在。並分析解嚴前、解嚴後教科書制度之演變,比較其在意識型態的輸入是否會因政權轉移而有所不同。 戰後台灣教科書,不論是在解嚴前、解嚴後;國民黨執政或民進黨執政;採用統編制或審定制,皆可發現政治勢力對於高中歷史教科書有明顯的意識型態輸入情形,符合艾波文化再製及葛蘭西文化霸權之論述。 審定制較統編制所產生的教科書意識型態問題,從95暫綱及98課綱的制定過程中可明顯發現,意識形態介入高中歷史教科書的問題並不會因制度改變而情況會有所改善。台灣教科書制度因主管機關歸屬問題,若不能使其跳脫政權之掌控,則台灣歷史教科書將不會因為制度的遞嬗而使意識型態問題消失。 關鍵字:教科書制度、文化霸權、歷史教科書、審定制度、統編制度
106

《四庫全書總目》詞曲觀研究

盧盈君, Lu ,Yin Chun Unknown Date (has links)
清代自康熙開始,由朝廷大量纂修官書,其中又以乾隆時期所編纂的《四庫全書》為集大成之作。《四庫全書》的編纂可謂中國文化史上空前的浩大工程,歷時十五年,收錄圖書三千五百零三種,總計七萬九千餘卷,三萬六千餘頁,投入此項工程的文人學士超過四千人。因應《四庫全書》編纂的需要而產生《四庫全書總目》,其編纂歷時十六年,直至乾隆五十四(西元一七八九年)年才大功告成。《四庫全書總目》乃清代總結前代的文學批評巨著,代表了清代官方的文學觀;而集部的編纂內含一套值得吾人關注的文學批評意識於其中;再者,可與唐詩並稱的詞曲在《四庫全書總目》中何以被視為小道、館臣是否認同言志的傳統、以及被編為一類的詞曲二體為何卻有輕重之分?由以上種種觀之,詞曲兩類雖被評為小道、末流,在《四庫全書》中所佔比例也最小,但實際上《四庫全書總目》〈提要〉中的詞曲類仍有許多待研究的問題,本文即試圖以集部詞曲類為範圍,對於之中含藏的文學批評觀點,以及其觀點形成的可能原因,加以探討分析。 本文共分五章,首章緒論分四節:第一節陳述問題,第二節分析文獻,第三節界定研究範圍,第四節說明研究方法。第二章分三節說明《四庫全書總目》之形成背景、編纂經過與學術價值:第一節論述《四庫全書總目》之形成背景,第二節說明《四庫全書總目》之編纂經過,第三節則陳述《四庫全書總目》之學術價值。第三章分三節說明《四庫全書總目》詞曲類〈提要〉之詞曲觀:第一節說明詞曲特質,第二節陳述詞曲流變,第三節論述詞曲價值。第四章分三節探討《四庫全書總目》詞曲類〈提要〉詞曲觀之形成:第一節探討辨體觀念,第二節探討雅俗觀念,第三節則探討通變觀念。第五章結論:綜合上述章節,總結論述成果,試圖還原館臣在編纂《四庫全書總目》時對詞曲兩類文體的價值觀。
107

九五「普通高級中學課程暫行綱要」分析--以台灣史與中國史的歷史教科書為例

李皖玲 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究關注於「九五暫綱」高中歷史教科書所引發的相關討論,自2003年教育部公佈課程綱要草案,隨即引爆意識型態爭議,原訂於民國九十五學年度實行之課程綱要,改為以暫行綱要過渡,而正式課程綱要已於2008年發佈,但相關爭議仍懸而未解,因此保留國文、歷史兩科,其餘於民國九十九學年度正式施行。 回顧教育改革歷程,高中教科書開放民間編印之後,儘管各家出版社依據課程綱要編寫教科書,但意識型態與教科書內容的關係,始終是爭議的核心之一,台灣社會中媒體關注的焦點往往集中於政治議題,特別是台灣史、中國史內容在「綱」、「本」、「審」三個層次的爭議。 本研究以歷史教科書為探索的主要核心,希望可以將歷史教學從意識型態爭議中脫身出來,回歸教育本質,故擬定八項主題,以教科書論述為分析對象,探討歷史教科書中台灣意識與中國意識的相互關係。 本研究所採行的研究方法如下: (1)文獻分析—本研究藉由相關新聞報導、學者論著的整理,從中彙整討論議題。 (2)內容分析的質性研究—本研究著重教科書文本內容的探討。 (3)深度訪談—深入了解現職教師對「九五暫綱」及新課程實施的觀點及評價。 本文的研究發現如下: (1)核心能力的設計就理想和現實層面間仍存在差距。 (2)從「九五暫綱」到「九八課綱」皆未能充分協調各方意見。 (3)教科書朝向多元發展但仍有很大的進步空間。 (4)各版本教科書在爭議主題上各有偏倚。 (5)教科書的「中國意識」相較於「台灣意識」較為弱化。 (6)台灣史與中國史在分量上的調整易引發理解及教學上的困擾。 (7)多數受訪教師關注的焦點並非意識型態或政治立場的爭議。 (8)媒體過度渲染意識型態。 對於之後正式課程綱要的修訂、高中歷史教科書的編輯及後續研究方向的建議如下: (1)成立專責教育改革研發機構。 (2)避免於教科書編輯、審查機制中強行加入個人主觀意見。 (3)教師應不斷的自我省思與充實。 (4)在台灣意識與中國意識之間找尋一種平衡的新中間路線。 (5)針對課綱修訂過程、審查機制運作、考試方式、題型設計再加以深入研究。 (6)擴大訪談教師意見,並擴及學生意見,使教學現場完整呈現。 / This study aims at examining the controversy of 2006 curriculum guidelines and history textbooks of senior high school. In 2003, with the revolution of education, the ministry of education announced temporary curriculum guidelines would be put into practice in 2006, and such immediately brought about many fierce debates on ideology. Therefore, in 2008, the curriculum guidelines were revised, but problems of ideology were still being concerned. After the liberating of the textbooks editing system, private publishers have been allowed to compile and publish various versions of textbooks. That means despite the set guidelines, diversity of contents existed. The diversity involved ideology, which mass media paid much attention to, especially concerning Taiwan and China history. Textbooks shouldn’t be used as a tool to convey political ideas. In order to let the education system be free from political influence, 8 main ideas were chosen as the topics to be compared by analyzing the contents of Taiwan and China history textbooks which involved the conflict of Taiwan as well as Chinese consciousness. To achieve the research goals, methods applied in the study include: (1)Document analysis--being conducted to collect related issues. (2)Qualitative approaches to content analysis—being adopted to compare the disparities in texts and historical evaluation by analyzing the contents. (3)Depth Interview--being utilized to analyze teachers’ perspectives and assessment of new history curriculum design. The research finds that (1)There were differences between the ideal and actual reality of core competencies of 2006 curriculum guidelines. (2)Current curriculum guidelines failed to coordinate different ideas. (3)It was still a lot of room for the editors to improve the quality of textbooks. (4)Different versions of textbooks have a great diversity in editing and selecting contents of historical materials. (5)With the growing of Taiwan consciousness, Chinese consciousness was inevitably weakened. (6)The proportion of Taiwan history increased while that of China history decreased. The adjustment has plagued teachers and students. (7)According to the interview, most teachers emphasized the importance of teaching instead of ideology. (8)Mass media overemphasized on ideology disputes. Suggestions for future study and research are as follows: (1)The ministry of education should establish an administration to reform history education. (2)The edition work and examining mechanism of history textbooks should be free from interference of strong personal opinions. (3)With the changes of education, teachers should adapt to the innovation to keep up with times. (4)The tolerance and respect of dissent was the key to promoting fusibility of ethnic groups. (5)Researchers should continue to study the development of history education. (6)Future research should offer teachers and students a way to express their opinions.
108

從圖書館價值探討我國圖書館員基本專業能力

劉濟慈 Unknown Date (has links)
數位時代網際網路盛行,受到民眾喜愛但也改變了對圖書館的使用習慣,OCLC 在2005年《圖書館與資訊資源看法》(Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources)的報告中,調查讀者的資訊尋求行為和習慣,發現讀者使用網路搜尋引擎的頻率和滿意度等各方面評價遠高於圖書館資源。此調查結果帶給圖書館事業一大衝擊,反思是否讀者並不瞭解圖書館的價值?圖書館能提供什麼資源與服務?以及圖書館員的能力可提供什麼協助? 因此本研究旨在從圖書館的核心價值探討圖書館存在目的、功能和服務目標,從價值延伸出圖書館員的職責和角色,為以背負及擔任這些的任務和角色,進一步探討圖書館員需要哪些專業能力範圍與指標。本論文主要參考美國圖書館學會2004年擬定圖書館的11項核心價值,以及2008年擬定的《圖書館事業核心能力》作為焦點團體訪談議題的參考,經過三場焦點團體訪談後,擬定《我國圖書館價值和館員基本專業能力清單草案》,然後將此草案藉由問卷調查進行項目確認。 本論文研究結果產出我國圖書館價值共12項、圖書館員角色11項、圖書館員基本專業能力共8大範圍55項指標、數位時代圖書館新業務功能14項。研究建議包括提供中華民國圖書館學會作為圖書館價值與館員專業能力宣示文件之參考、提供國內圖書資訊學系所訂定學生專業能力之參考、提供圖書館任用新進館員與評鑑現有館員標準參考、對中華民國圖書館學會館員教育訓練之建議、提供我國圖書資訊學教育規劃之參考、提供我國圖書館人力資源規劃的指南、提供我國圖書館員繼續教育課程規劃之參考。 / Internet became more and more popular in the digital age, but it also changed the habits of library use by people. In 2005, there was a report from OCLC, “Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources”, which investigated users’ information-seeking behavior and habits ,and found that the frequency and satisfaction in using the Internet search engine by users was much higher than library resources. The result of this investigation made a great impact on the librarianship to reflect that maybe users don’t really understand the values of libraries, and what resources and services can libraries provide, and the competencies of librarians can offer any assistance? This study aims to explore the core values, purpose, functions and objectives of libraries, and then extends to research the roles and the core competencies of librarians. This study used two research methods ,which were focus groups and questionnaire survey. There were two main references to focus group, the first one was “Core Values of Librarianship” from ALA in 2004, and the second one was “Core Competencies of Librarianship ” from ALA in 2008. After three interviews with focus groups, drew up “Draft Statement of Library Values and Core Competencies in Taiwan”. And then the draft was confirmed by questionnaire survey. The research findings are as follows:(1)summed up twelve library values; (2) summed up eleven roles of librarians; (3)summed up a list of core competencies of librarians in Taiwan including eight categories and fifty-five indicators; (4) summed up fourteen new functions of libraries in digital ages. Based on the final results of this research, several suggestions are as follows: (1)to provide a reference document as “The Declaration of Library Values and Core Competencies of Librarians” for Library Association of the Republic of China(Taiwan); (2)to provide a reference document for the college department of Library and Information Science to draw up core competencies of students;(3) to provide a reference standard for libraries to evaluate new librarians and existing librarians;(4) to provide some suggestions of education and training courses for Library Association of the Republic of China(Taiwan);(5)to provide a reference plan of education and training for the college department of Library and Information Science;(6)to provide indicators to human resources plan for libraries;(7)to provide reference plans of continuing education courses for librarians.
109

海峽兩岸圖書資訊學碩士教育之比較研究 / A comparative study of library and information science education for the master degree programs between Taiwan and the Mainland China

徐雅力, Hsu, Ya Li Unknown Date (has links)
兩岸圖書資訊學碩士教育經過近三十年發展,已各自形成不同的特色,近年來兩岸學術交流頻繁,但鮮少有文獻探討兩岸圖書資訊學碩士教育,因此本研究探討海峽兩岸圖書資訊學碩士教育之概況及目標之差異,並比較入學資格、畢業要求與專業課程設置之異同,最後再對兩岸圖書資訊學碩士教育之評鑑制度做一了解。 / 本研究藉由比較圖書館學研究法及文獻分析法,針對臺灣地區國立臺灣大學、國立政治大學、國立師範大學及國立中興大學,大陸地區武漢大學、北京大學、南京大學及中國人民大學等八所學校為對象進行研究,並且根據研究結果,歸納出兩岸圖書資訊學碩士教育的優勢及異同,以做為臺灣未來發展圖書資訊學碩士教育之參考。 / 綜合本研究的分析結果發現,比較兩岸有以下異同:臺灣地區目前有8所圖書資訊學碩士班,大陸則有42所,大陸將「圖書館、情報與檔案管理」做為一級學科,底下又劃分為圖書館學、情報學與檔案學三個二級學科,與臺灣的教育層級不同。臺灣學位名稱為「圖書資訊學碩士」,大陸則為「管理學碩士」。臺灣學校有合聘教師以提升相關學科領域的專業知識。在教學目標方面各有特色,台灣大學以理論實務並重,師範大學培育數位資訊管理人才,政治大學孕育圖書館及檔案館人員,中興大學以培養圖書資訊管理應用人才為特色,大陸四校則以掌握圖書館學基礎理論和專業知識為要旨。兩岸八校皆採用考試入學及推薦甄試,均要求通過資格考試及論文撰寫。大陸對於碩士生外語能力較臺灣注重。專業課程方面,「資訊科技與應用」相關的課程為兩岸八校數量最多,說明了傳統圖書館學已融入資訊科學。八校必修課程保持圖書資訊學核心內涵,臺灣四校選修課程凸顯其教育特色。臺灣地區評鑑制度由「高等教育評鑑中心」主導,大陸地區則是「教育部學位與研究生教育發展中心」負責,臺灣在2008年12月已公布「圖書資訊學教育指南」,大陸則無此類之標準。 / 本研究為兩岸圖書資訊學碩士教育提出以下建議:(一)提升臺灣圖書資訊學碩士生之外語能力。(二)加強臺灣圖書資訊學碩士班師資。(三)課程規劃應結合實務需求。(四)圖書資訊學碩士畢業生應加強專業繼續教育。(五)保持圖書資訊學核心價值且與新科技結合。(六)鼓勵圖書資訊學碩士生積極參與學術活動。 / For nearly three decades, Library and Information Science Education for the Master Degree Programs in Taiwan and in Mainland China shape their own features. This study investigates the following issues about Library and Information Science Education for the Master Degree Programs in Taiwan and in Mainland China: (1) What is the general condition? (2) How the education goals are different from each other? (3) How the admissions and graduation requirements are distinct from each other? (4) What are the dissimilarities in curriculum design between each other? (5) What education evaluation systems do they possess? / Through comparative librarianship and documentary analysis, this study compares Library and Information Science Education for the Master Degree Programs in Taiwan with that in Mainland China, and explores the advantages, similarities, and differences between them, including National Taiwan University, National Chengchi University, National Taiwan Normal University, and National Chung Hsin University in Taiwan, and National Wuhan University, National Peking University, National Nanjing University, and Renmin University of China in Mainland China. It attempts to be reference resource for future development of Library and Information Science Education for the Master Degree Programs in Taiwan. / The results are as following. In Taiwan there are 8 institutes offering Library and Information Science Education for the Master Degree Programs, and 42 in Mainland China. In Mainland China, Library, Information and Archival Studies belongs to national first-class disciplines, and containing three second-class disciplines, Library Science, Information Studies, and Archival Studies. This kind of demarcation is different from that in Taiwan. The four institutes in Taiwan confer the degree name as “Master of Library and Information Science,” and the four institutes in Mainland China grant “Master of Business Administration.” The four institutes in Taiwan have affiliated faculty to instruct related professional knowledge. Besides, the goals of Library and Information Science Education for the Master Degree Programs in Taiwan and that in Mainland China are diverse. For example, National Taiwan University emphasizes both theory and practicality. National Taiwan Normal University aims at training digital information managers. National Chengchi University intends to cultivate advanced specialities for libraries and archives, and National Chung Hsin University is characterized by fostering experts of Library and Information Science Management. As for the four institutes in Mainland China, their objectives are to equip students with basic theories and expertise on Library Science. / Entrance exams and recommendation screening examinations are both adopted by these 8 institutes, and students have to write thesis and pass the qualifying examination for graduation. However, foreign language requirement in Mainland China is more strict than in Taiwan. In the part of curriculum, at these 8 institutes, the number of courses planned pertaining to the category of “Information Technology and Application” is the most. It reveals the combination of traditional Library Science with Information Science. Obligatory courses at these 8 institutes conform to the core values of Library and Information Science, and elective courses at four institutes in Taiwan demonstrate their distinct education objectives. About the evaluation for Master Degree Programs, in Taiwan it is led by “Higher Education Evaluation & Accreditation Council of Taiwan,” and in China it is dominated by “China Academic Degrees & Graduate Education Development Center.” In addition, “Guidelines for Library and Information Science Educational Programs in Taiwan” was announced in December, 2008. Nevertheless, this kind of sandard is lack in Mainland China. / Based on the finding results, this study proposes six suggestions: (1) Enhance foreign language proficiency of Masters of Library and Information Science in Taiwan. (2) Advance the quality of faculty.(3) Take into account the practical needs when planning curriculum.(4) Enrich professional continuing education for Masters graduating from Library and Information Science. (5) Maintain the core values of Library and Information Science, and also integrate with new technology. (6) Encourage Masters of Library and Information Science to actively participate in academic activities.
110

明末清初<<西遊記>>「再書寫」研究 / To discuss the Sequels to Xiyouji in Late-Ming and Early-Qing

張怡微, Zhang, Yi-Wei Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,被評價為《西遊記》價值最高的續書《西遊補》的相關研究愈來愈受到重視,從兩岸對於《西遊補》的幾次再版,以及期刊論文數量的增加等種種現象表明,越来越多學者認為像《西遊補》這樣的作品是具有經典化的可能性。對於《西遊補》的重視,起源於海外漢學界對《西遊補》的高度評價。在1986年出版的《印第安那傳統中國文學指南》中,倪豪士把《西遊補》和《西遊記》分別以獨立詞條的形式呈現。也就是說,《西遊補》是被當作獨立的傳統中國文學作品加以介紹,而不是作為《西遊記》的附庸。這樣的安排,展現出一種對於《西遊補》的文學地位的認定。其它例如高辛勇、白保羅的研究同樣也注意到了《西遊補》的價值不僅僅只能在「西遊故事」的脈絡中被認識,而是具有有別於所有中國古典小說的美學特質。但是,在以中文為主要語言的學術社群當中《西遊補》卻始終沒有作為一部獨立的文學作品被重視。至今沒有博士論文或專著討論過它。這樣的現象本身向我們說明了一個事實,《西遊補》是否取得文學史上的獨立地位,是決定於學術研究典範的框架。 本論文認為,《西遊補》之所以沒有被賦予獨立的地位,和現有流行的「續書研究」理論是密切相關的。當代的「續書研究」受到西方的接受理論以及讀者反應理論啟發,很大程度上關注明清文人對於續書的普遍評價。但是,研究者並沒有將明清文人的評價當成研究對象本身,反而是直接接受或者認同了他們的評價。例如,李漁、劉廷璣的著名評價。而這些早期的批評對於後世的影響深遠。到了當代,研究者看待續書,也基本是以傳統的「文學史觀」加以評判。正因如此續書一直是屬於經典文本的附庸,它的文學地位始終處於弱勢。但這種評判的標準是怎麼來的,卻很少被認真注意到,更不用談去檢視這種評價標準的可靠性。本論文推測,現有的「續書研究」存在著研究框架上的盲點。 本論文藉由分析明末清初三部以「西遊故事」為主題衍生而成的小說提出現有的「續書研究」理論可能存在著的幾個主要的問題: 第一,底本問題。在其它文學研究領域,如文學選集的編纂、編輯等問題,認定確鑿的底本這件事非常重要。可是,到了「續書研究」領域,底本問題卻通常被懸置。以《西遊記》為例,因為《西遊記》本身經歷了非常複雜的流衍過程,所以《西遊記》的每一部續書究竟依照的是哪一個底本進行再創作,並不清楚。它可能的確是以世德堂本作為定本,也可能是當代的研究者約定俗成以世德堂本作為比較的基準。這一研究盲點並非不會帶來問題。例如經過陳速的考證,《續西遊記》依據的底本可能是一部已經散失的古本《西遊》,它早於世德堂本《西遊記》。《續西遊記》的普遍評價不高,這是相對於原著而言,也相對於其它續作而言的。但是,如果連底本都不統一,那基於不同的底本,文學比較的標準又如何產生呢?這是「續書研究」在預設上,首先可能遭遇的問題。 第二,就原著與續書的關聯性而言,「續書研究」的視野從一開始就假定原著跟續書之間,以及續書跟續書之間一定存在著競爭關係。這裡的競爭關係,表現為一種以原著為中心的意義上的「連貫性」。只有當兩個文本之間,預先被假定為存在著意義上的「開始」以及「接續」這樣的連貫關係,才有所謂的「原著」和「續書」的分別。而,這種意義的「連貫性」讓喜愛原著的讀者們以原著為中心,為續書進行價值評定。長期以來,這種基於預設的連貫性而使用的比較方法,影響到了所謂的續書作為一部獨立文學作品的價值認定。以《西遊記》續書中評價最高的《西遊補》為例,朱陳曼麗指出過往的評論過於聚焦於續書與原著的連貫性。而且續書在文學史上的弱勢地位則是會進一步讓續書的價值長期隱蔽不彰。朱陳曼麗提出,續書的弱勢地位影響了我們對於整體續書文學價值的認定,這一點很有意義。但是,朱陳曼麗為了將《西遊補》的地位獨立出來,而批評過往評論家將《西遊補》與董說的佛教背景過度聯結,本論文認為,《西遊補》雖然脫胎於西遊故事,可是它同樣可能是「僧人記夢」系統的重要代表作。如果只將它看做是《西遊記》的續作,就很可能忽略了它在其它書寫脈絡中的重要意義。《圓覺經》、《心經》、《雲山夢語》與《西遊補》之間存在密切的關係,對於這一層關係的認知,迫使我們必須把《西遊補》放置於另一個書寫系統當中來評價。而這剛好是挑戰了我們從前所預設的《西遊補》和《西遊記》之間的意義連貫性。通過廖肇亨、徐聖心、林順夫的研究路徑可以看到「僧人記夢」這個這一研究領域本身所具有的廣闊的可能性,而《西遊補》會是這一新研究課題當中的重要文本。在續書研究視野中居於次要地位的續作,在去除與原著的連貫性之後,其實是另一條研究路徑中的核心文本。它的價值該如何判斷?以現有的續書研究的視野,其實是沒有辦法處理這樣的問題。 第三,關於續書生產以及消費動力的問題。黃衛總在《狗尾續貂》這一部「續書研究」的重要論文選本當中,提出了續書研究的兩個基本問題:儘管作為文學類型而言「續書」的名聲並不好,是什麼鼓勵寫作者去寫作續書?知道和原書比較而言,續書不免令人失望已經是一個普遍的共識,那麼又是什麼促使讀者還去閱讀續書?所有的續書討論即使不能解決這些問題,但至少應該回應到這兩個問題。但是,目前為止,並沒有足夠令人滿意的回應。 當代研究者試圖通過其它的研究方法來解決上述的續書研究框架的問題。例如,借用神話、人類學的「群落」意識或者是文化研究中的「互文性」的研究視野來看待續書現象,但是,文本畢竟是產品而不是具有主體意識的人,而「互文性」關照的是文本相互交織指涉的現象。這個概念雖然在表面上打破了文本之間的不平等,顛覆了以所謂的原作為中心的研究方法,但是,實質上「互文性」並不處理文本為什麼會產生的問題。而這一問題恰恰是「續書研究」的視野所關心的,卻是「續書研究」的研究框架所難以回答的。換句話說,這些研究角度與其說是解決了續書研究中的底本問題、關聯性問題以及生產及消費動力的問題,不如說是在某種程度上迴避了這些問題。但是,迴避並不意味問題不存在。為了回應這些問題,本論文提出了「再書寫」的概念。 在論文的第一部分,本論文提出了「再書寫」的概念,來暫時取代以往「續書研究」中的「續書」一詞,也借用源於翻譯學的「元文本」概念來取代有問題的「底本」概念。使用「再書寫」這個詞,因為它不僅僅包含了續寫、補入、改寫等形式的對於「元文本」的改造和延伸,也更強調對於再書寫者的寫作動機、寫作策略以及,最重要的,寫作動力的觀照。 在第二、三、四部分,本論文分別討論了《西遊補》、《續西遊記》、《後西遊記》這三部明末清初的小說。這三部以「西遊故事」為中心的小說能為「續書研究」帶來的思考可以分幾個方面: 首先,「再書寫」的動機未必只是以往「續書研究」所概括的「取其易行」,內容上並不只是對於「元文本」情節和角色的進行改造或補充,效應上也不只是為了發揮「情志補憾」的功能。事實上,再書寫是藉由人們熟悉的故事遂行新的書寫策略,例如《西遊補》補入的懷古書寫、僧人記夢、彈詞;《續西遊記》中嚴格去除暴力的構思;以及《後西遊記》植入了「歷史符碼」以及「商業語境」。再書寫也可能呈現了語言層面上有意圖的操作,譬如這幾個文本中所出現的大量的語詞重複、一詞多義、意義借挪等等語言現象。以往的「續書研究」視域尚未具有容納理解這些意圖和方法的空間,以至於「續書」獨立的文學價值沒有能夠獲得足夠的重視。 本論文透過分析《西遊補》所處理的原著與續書的「連續性」的問題,以及透過分析《續西遊記》所處理的底本問題,都回應了對於現有「續書研究」模式的質疑。而對於以《後西遊記》和《西遊補》為代表的語言現象的探究,也是試圖從語言問題發展出「續書研究」的新角度。本論文嘗試對現有「續書研究」提出的建議是,可以藉由「語言」——也就是故事表達形式作為研究方法,取代基於傳統的文學史觀的研究方法。因為,表達形式既沒有價值排序的問題,也沒有主次的問題,不存在競爭關係。以這樣的方式來研究「續書」,或許更能夠注意到作品獨立的文學價值。過去學者已經指出,「續書」現象發生於世代交替的時間段。這個現象不再能夠只以出版發展、商業需求、娛樂功能等因素來解釋。續書本身就是一種「語言」現象,續書內容也記錄了世代交替之時,寫作者對於語詞的使用方式。這對於我們探尋「續書」存在、繁榮的真正原因可能會有幫助。在續書中所出現的新的語言現象,可能可以回應到寫作續書的動機,也可能回應到閱讀續書的動機。這對於我們探尋「續書」存在、繁榮的真正原因可能會有幫助。 本論文的預期成果及貢獻,主要有以下幾點: (一) 反思並重新思考現有「續書研究」的知識建構。 (二) 提出「續書研究」所必須面對的「底本」不統一的問題。 (三) 指出「續衍」作品與原著之間,「續衍」作品彼此之間的價值競爭關係並無根據。 (四) 從類型而言,《西遊補》與《西遊記》的關係並不密切,卻與《雲山夢語摘要》等佛教書寫中僧人記夢的文體更密切。 (五) 從「暴力」敘事角度而言,《續西遊記》獨立於《西遊記》、《西遊補》、《後西遊記》的書寫系統,是唯一真正反暴力的「西遊故事」。《後西遊記》則為「西遊故事」的「暴力書寫」增添了金錢與性的面向。 (六) 通過詞頻分析,字詞配置,語詞意義的大量變異與替代現象,可以反思「再書寫」作為文學策略和文學意圖的研究立場,足可作為文學史觀之下的「續書研究」所補充。 (七) 中文研究領域少有提及的海外文獻譯介。 (八) 《楝花磯隨筆》抄錄、校註。 / The thesis aims to analyze the three sequels of the Xiyouji in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, including Xiyoubu, Xuxiyouji, and Houxiyouji. From the perspective of recreation writing, this study explores the relationship between sequel works and the existing framework of sequel theory. Based on close reading of the text, the research discards the literary value order based on previous literary historical views, instead, it reconsiders the literary value of sequel writing culture in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty in terms of linguistics. The reconsidering of the issue recreation writing derives from the query of the existing theoretical framework in previous sequel studies. Specifically, I explore: 1) the ways in which sequels have a competitive relationship with an un-unified parent novel; 2) the intensive relationships that sequels with different writing systems have in terms of intertextuality. This study argues that recreation writing not only refers to the transformation and extension of meta-text (i.e. sequel, supplement, and rewriting), but also contains the selection of genre. The trend of recreation writing, which always emerges as a bottom-up literary expression during transition period between dynastiesan interregnum, have established a series of narrative modes including comment, interpretation, and replacement. Moreover, recreation writing develops broader possibilities of understanding the parent text compared to what the existing sequel studies have observed: it concentrates more on investigations of literary strategies as well as linguistic elements. Further, the distinctiveness of xiyou story attributes to its unique literary expression: the sequel anxiety observed in the three sequel novels does not stem from readership, but rather novel researchers, which differentiates these works from other sequels that based on historical views. On the other hand, the everlasting trend of recreation writing makes contemporary researchers, who are currently experiencing the recreation of different parent texts, to rethink the genuine intention of sequel culture, which leads back to the two fundamental questions within sequel studies: 1) the reasons authors are encouraged to write sequels despite of the low reputation they will bring; 2) the reasons readers are inspired to read sequel novels even if they are always regarded as disappointing. In exploring these questions, this study attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of recreation writing in five chapters: Chapter One (Xiyou story and Recreation writing) begins with the research motivation based on the definition of recreation writing, clarifying the difference between “mastery copy”/ “meta text”, “sequel studies”/ “recreation writing studies”, as well as the term “intertexuality”. Also, basic conceptual explanations of recreation writing, not only as a means of writing, but also as an issue of language, will be included in this chapter. Chapter Two (Recreation writing of Xiyoubu) develops a semantic analysis of Xiyoubu from the framework of character, language, and cognition, which is absent in previous Chinese literature studies. I attempt to explore the linguistic features of Xiyoubu in certain plots such as religious trial, visual cognition, as well as Buddhist and dreams. Chapter Three (Recreation writing of Xuxiyouji) presents that Xuxiyouji, as one of the most typical sequels which poses a significant question to the issue of master copy, has challenged the comparative analysis of literary value in traditional sequel studies which are mainly rooted in literary historical views. This chapter finds that the literature debate arisen in 2010 reflected the influence of “human mind” in the terrain of recreation writing. The “replacement” and “anti-writing” created by Xuxiyouji resort to an anti-violence stance in contrast to Xiyouji, Xiyoubu, and Houxiyouji. Chapter Four (Recreation writing of Houxiyouji) moves on to the sequel analysis of Houxiyouji. I demonstrate that the recreation writing strategy the sequel takes is “self-degradation”, which not only accomplishes a sense of secularization, but also takes into account the “historical mind” and “commercial context”. Chapter Five is the concluding chapter, where I summarise key findings and contribution to: 1) rethinking about the knowledge constitution of existing sequel studies, 2) raising the question of un-unified master copy which is inevitable for sequel studies, 3) pointing out that there is no evidence of competitive relationship that exists between sequels and parent text, neither among different sequels, 4) arguing that in terms of genre, Xiyoubu does not develop a close connection with Xiyouji, but rather it is more related to Buddhist writings such as 雲山夢語摘要, 5) demonstrating that in terms of violence narrative, Xuxiyouji is independent from the writing system that Xiyouji, Xiyoubu, and Houxiyouji follow, which makes it the only anti-violence Xiyou story, while Houxiyouji adds elements as money and sex into its violence narrative, 6) finding a large amount of “transformation” and “replacement” of word use according to the analysis of word frequency and word configuration, which helps to reflect that the research stance of recreation writing as a kind of literary strategy and intention is able to supplement the literary historical view based sequel studies, 7) translation of oversea literature that is seldom mentioned in Chinese relating studies, 8) transcribing and collating of楝花磯隨筆.

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