2001年「美國九一一事件」後，國際組織多次提高航空保安標準，機場安檢措施愈趨嚴格。處在國際反恐情勢中，航空警察局要接受嚴峻的挑戰，但也同時面臨財政收支、組織員額、員警升遷等困境。如何運用有限資源，提升機場安檢功能，是航空警察局當前重要課題。 　　平衡計分卡在1992年首先由Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton提出後，即受到各界矚目。它具有：策略管理、溝通告知、學習回饋和績效衡量等特性，可以協助組織彌合策略規劃與策略實施之間的斷層，使策略的執行更為成功，為組織創造綜效。 　　本文主要運用深度訪談法，以瞭解航空警察局主管對安檢工作的期待，分析詮釋機場安檢策略性目標，據以建構出境安檢策略地圖，並導入平衡計分卡。藉由平衡計分卡策略管理工具，運用其整合組織資源和聚焦關鍵性成功因素的功能，發揮策略執行力，提升機場出境安檢綜效。 　　研究發現航空警察局主管對平衡計分卡大多相當陌生，學術界對其認知似有誤解。安全和便民是可以兼顧的，航空警察局今後值得努力的方向，包括：充裕和彈性運用的財務、可靠的儀器與合理的作業、員警升遷有望和專業素養。平衡計分卡可以整合行政機關，做為行政機關和民意機關溝通的橋樑。 　　關於值得後續研究的內容，包括：機場安檢相關的工作、機場安檢執行權責歸屬、和機場安檢有關的因素、檢查時機的界定、安檢工作和其他檢查項目的釐清、出境安檢平衡計分卡其他構成要件等。 / International Civil Aviation Organization has been overtly modified the standard of the airport screening several times since the wake of the 11 September 2001 Tragedy (also known as 911 accident). Ever since almost all airports’ authorities take more harsh measures to tighten up their security check. At the trend of antiterrorism, the Aviation Police Office currently faces not only tough challenges from outside but also some inner dilemmas such as budget deficit, organization renovation and understaffed, promotion, to name just a few. Under such difficult situation, how to utilize the finite sources to obtain the maximum performance of screening should be the top priority concern for the Aviation Police Office. It has been the cynosure in all circles of world since Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton introduced the Balanced Scorecard in 1992. The contains of the Balanced Scorecard is composed of strategy management, notice of communication, feedback of learning, and evaluation of performance, etc. It is able to help us to narrow the gap between the strategy planning and the strategy enforcement, and makes the strategy work be easy done. Finally, it is going to create the best synergy for organization. This dissertation mainly applied the “in-depth interview” method and adopted the Balanced Scorecard simultaneously in order to reach the follow results. Such as: to realize what’s the expectation of the chiefs those who are charged with security check, to interpret the strategy’s goal of the airport screening, and to draw a Strategy Map for the future outbound screening. By using the tool of the strategy management of the Balanced Scorecard is able to integrate organization’s resources, then focuses on critical functions to expand the executive enforcement and create the best synergy of screening. This study has found two facts which that most chiefs of the Aviation police Office don’t have the faintest idea about the Balanced Scorecard, even through academic fields seem like to be some misunderstanding over it. Actually, both the security demands and the facilitation demands are well compatible. Under this premise, the Aviation Police Office should make efforts to let those demands be met from now. There some ways are feasible to be adopted such as: to allocate more budgets and allow to consume flexibly, to procure more sophisticated screening equipment and set standard of procedure to follow, to widen the promotion channel and enhance professional capability, etc. The Balanced Scorecard could be adopted not only to integrate the administration sectors but also to be the bridge between the govern ment department and the representative department. There still left a lot of issues behind which are worthy of us doing further research, just name a few as below: What job is interrelated with airport screening? Which authority should take the responsibility and accountability of airport screening? Which factors are related to airport screening? When is the timing of screening and how to define it? What’s the difference between scr- eening and security check? Whether the Balanced Scorecard has other functions could be applied over the outbound screening?

Talent Discovery Incorporation營運企劃書 / This Business plan illustrates the establish process of a new business of background screening service. Background searching is widely used in the hiring process. In China and Taiwan, almost 90% organizations include background check into their hiring processes. Traditionally, background screening service is a labor-intensive industry, which means that it is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, most organizations are not able to check every job candidates’ background even they know it is very keen to hire the right people. Talent Discovery Incorporation uses an advanced technology platform which enable our customers to understand their job candidates by reports which summarize public information of internet and social media. Meanwhile, Talent Discovery Incorporation provides superior customer service delivered by experts who understand local markets. Combined with these two advantages, Talent Discovery Incorporation will become a new model of Chinese background screening industry.

職業災害調查係為勞動檢查之一環，係發生重大職業災害後，所執行之行政調查，為判斷重大職業災害過失責任關係、分析事故發生因素、防範再度發生之預防措施，不僅可以讓勞工及其家屬了解職業災害事故始末，也可透過調查報告書讓有過失責任者受到應有之懲罰，對受職業災害之勞工及其家屬可謂非常重要。職業災害調查通常具備強制性行政調查權，但在調查過程中，並無權限封鎖重大職災現場來保持證據的完整性，本文將探討目前職業災害調查制度之成效？以及目前法院對職業災害調查報告書之見解為何？此外並探討美、日兩國之職業災害調查制度？以上為本文探討重點。 本文發現我國職業災害調查制度雖有不足之處，但目前勞動法令授與勞動檢查員強制性行政檢查權、停工權…等權限，已賦予執行職業災害調查之基本權限，規劃出職業災害調查制度的雛形，本文認為目前雖有不足之處，但已能處理大多數的重大職業災害案件，至於勞動法令是否應讓勞動檢查員，於發生重大職業災害下，得執行特別司法警察官權限進行調查的問題，本文綜觀美、日兩國制度及相關文獻後，認為目前尚不需授與特別司法警察官權限，但必須要加強勞動檢查員與警察、消防機關之職務聯繫及協助，並賦予勞動檢查員行政封鎖之權限，使職業災害調查制度更加完善，能夠妥善處理每一件重大職業災害案件。並提出下列建議： 一、建立職業災害事故現場的行政封鎖制度 二、加強與其他機關的職務協助關係 三、縮短雇主通報義務時間 四、強化專業分工與在職訓練 五、釐清勞動派遣之雇主關係 六、加強雇主預防責任

本論文中，我們提出基於機場安全檢查的分層排隊理論模型，模型中的旅客基於歷史的安全數據被分成三組。我們運用二維馬可夫過程（two-dimensional Markov process）以及馬可夫調控卜瓦松過程（Markov modulated Poisson process）構建模型的排隊系統並加以分析。我們收集了台灣桃園國際機場和其它兩個機場的旅客數據以驗證我們提出的模型，並運用模擬退火法（simulated annealing）求得近似最佳解（near-optimum solution）。最後我們通過模型的旅客平均等候時間和另外兩種等候模型進行比較，之後得出我們的模型確實可以在不增加成本，甚至提升安全性的同時能夠有效地減少平均等候時間。 / This thesis proposes a tiered inspection system for airport security, wherein passengers are divided into three classes based on historical security records. A two-dimensional Markov process and a Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) queue were used in the formulation of the security inspection system. Simulated annealing was then used to obtain near-optimum solution for the model. The efficacy of the proposed model was evaluated using the arrival data of passengers at Taoyuan International Airport and other two international airports. A comparison with two conventional queueing models with regard to the average waiting time demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed security inspection system in enhancing service efficiency and boosting the level of security.

nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare－沒有人必須自我控訴（niemand muß sich selbst anklagen），nemo tenetur se ipsum prodere－沒有人必須作為對抗自己的證人（man muß nicht gegen sich selbst als Zeuge auftreten），這兩句拉丁法諺即為不自證己罪原則（nemo-tenetur-Prinzip）：「沒有人有義務使自己承擔罪責」、「沒有人有義務對自己的罪行做出貢獻」、「沒有人有義務對自己的犯行主動提出不利證據」、「不得強迫任何人違反意志去積極證明自己的犯罪」，乃是法治國的基本立場，以尊重人性尊嚴的中心思想為基礎的刑事程序原則，而人性尊嚴關注的是，被告必須能自由決定是否願意將自己作為自己犯罪的證明工具，強制將自己的陳述提供作為刑事判決或其他相關處罰的條件，不僅欠缺期待可能，也違反人性尊嚴。 nemo tenetur這個在國內已是刑事訴訟圈子耳熟能詳的拉丁法諺，每個法律系學生都能領略一二，把它作為論文題目，乍看是燒冷灶，本文用意在引進比較法上的觀察，主要是介紹德國法，同時回顧國內文獻與現行法規。本文分作八章，包括【第一章 緒論】、【第二章 不自證己罪原則起源、國際發展與我國法依據】、【第三章 不自證己罪原則的適用與違反類型】、【第四章 不自證己罪原則與「訊問」關係】、【第五章 不自證己罪原則對強制處分的衝擊】、【第六章 不自證己罪原則與證據禁止】、【第七章 不自證己罪原則在「非刑事法」領域的發展】及【第八章 結論】，冀能對不自證己罪原則的輪廓，建立雛形。

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

若就台灣產業史的發展來看，柑橘可稱之為日治時期的一項新興產業。在清代的台灣，各種水果物產雖已陸續傳入，但在整個產業上並無重要性。然而到了日治後期，香蕉、鳯梨與柑橘這3大水果物產，不但成為主要的農產品與貿易商品，而且園藝產業產值也僅次於米、糖居於第二重要的地位。相對於糧食作物的米、甘藷與特用作物的甘蔗、茶等，在清領時期就有相當的生產量與對外貿易，柑橘作物在台灣的快速進展，要到日本人統治時才開始，而如此快速的發展，則要歸因於柑橘「商品化」現象的出現。因為對於柑橘水果這類非食物或衣物方面的必需品來說，若無法作為商品於市場販賣，其發展將是十分有限。換言之，對於具有易腐敗特性的柑橘水果，其商品化出現所須的條件更為嚴苛，在日治時期則正好提供其在發展上交通與技術之要件。 在這當中「農業技術的進展」與「銷售運輸網絡的形成」是商品化所表現出的二大特徵。在生產層面的「農業技術的進展」，除了數量增加外，還有栽培管理技術的進步，而栽培品種逐漸集中於椪柑、桶柑這兩個主要貿易品種，可說是「商品化」的最佳寫照。另外，販賣層面的「銷售運輸網絡的形成」，則是奠基於交通運輸網絡與銷售組織的建立，而上述現象的出現又與官方、農會的極力推動有密切關係。然而總督府雖頗為重視柑橘產業，但在日治時期無論在栽培面積或產值，其却不如香蕉與鳯梨產業，大部分農家只能採取副業栽培之方式，這一方面是由於在生產層面，柑橘作物本身收穫時間過長的結果，另一方面在貿易層面，則是植物檢查制度抑制了日本市場的擴張所造成。 最終，若將柑橘產業研究發展放置在台灣殖民經濟發展脈絡中來看，其相對於香蕉、鳯梨的特殊性在於必須面對日本國內所生產的同類商品，然而確無遭受像茶葉或米於日治後期那樣的壓制措施。但這並非出於殖民者善意的結果，而是因為台灣柑橘在產量上或在國內外市場上，尚未多到足以威脅日本國內柑橘產業的地步。

政策是公權力對大眾利益表現一種型態，為確保其一貫施政品質，公共治理的理論，逐漸重視政策的效果 - 政策論證（policy argument），尤其以全民政治為基礎的政策治理，對於整體資源的投入/產出，必須強化其自體檢核功能。 航運的操作有兩項基本的動因，一個是船，另一個是船員，兩者缺一不可，然後貨才能「暢其流」，尤其船員的因素，是航運興衰的關鍵動因。我國在邁進開發國家之列時，對於各類專業人才必須予以適當的培訓及保障，整體經濟的生產力才能提升，並能強化競爭力，邁向國際化，航運業界、政府及學界均應有此共識，在面對國際船員訓練、發證的考驗時，同心協力，參與國際海事組織(IMO)船員訓練發證政策的挑戰，突破港口國管制(PSC)的檢查，使船員在工作保障及社會福利有所依循，以符合船員訓練STCW 78/95國際公約修訂的檢查及港口國管制(PSC)的要求標準。 中國方面，因為是國際海事組織(IMO)的會員，對於船員訓練及發證，均按照STCW78/95國際公約的規定與要求，頒布一系列規章及訓練規範，而且根據中國「民法通則」規定，法律條約沒有規定的，可適用國際慣例，中華民國的船員執業證照則處於相對不確定的狀況，尚待政府的國際政策躓琢。 由於兩岸經濟依存，政治對立，各自表述，在意識形態上產生不接軌的現象，再加上國際情勢發展的不對稱影響，我國船員訓練主管單位及相關港監部門及學術組織，本於國家利益的基礎上，為謀我國航運業的發展及保障船員的工作權，除強化國內的船員訓練品質，另確有必要務實的參與國際組織相關活動及其相互間的合作，將我國現職船員訓練符合STCW 78/95國際公約之發證政策與執行規定，順利遞送國際海事組織(IMO)的秘書處，並確認發證履行報告，完成從第三走廊(軌道)列入〈白名單〉（White List）之列(如本論文第五章敘述)。 本研究肇因於國際公約的修訂，影響我國船員訓練執業證書的認可，政府從一貫的船員政策實施過程為核心，配合考試、適任評估，目標是符合國際公約STCW 78/95的標準及船員證照認證的公共治理為論證(policy argument)，從質性研究的模式，並依政治學方法論的比較研究法及政策論證的步驟與國際關係（IR）的談判元素，全文以建構類型(constructive typology) 理論，作為理論架構，驗證第三軌道的模式。 / Decision-making is the pattern that shows a certain type of state authority; administrative power displays the attitude to the general interests based on effectiveness of administration. In order to guarantee its consistent administrative quality, the administration theory shows how a state manages its public policy. Also, governments undoubtedly pay much attention to the outcome of them. How those public policies are approved (i.e., policy arguments), also exemplify the fact that decision-making is based on the participation of individuals in whole society. Inputs/output model could strengthen our knowledge from the key function of physical examination. There are two basic theories regarding the operation of shipping. One is the ship; with the other one names the seafarer. None of them can be dispensed with—can commodities be transported smoothly only through this understanding. Seafarer's role, in particular, is the key factor attributing to the shipping frequency. The Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan has to offer proper crew training so as to guarantee all kinds of qualified personnel in a specific field are sufficient while striding forward to develop its economy. Only if the productivity could be promoted, can the ROC strengthen competitiveness, march forward to further internationalization. Shipping could reflect a certain country’s industrial level, governmental effectiveness and its educational development. As local trains’ seafarers— instead of by international authorities, this country encounters the license-issuing problem. Only through concerted efforts, can this country meet ordeals when participating in International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s training and license-issuing process, pass through the inspection that the port state controlled (PSC), make seafarers’ rights guaranteed. In addition, the ROC has to assure seafarers’ welfare, in accordance with the inspection of the international convention revising (STCW 78/95) and to the standard demanded by the port state control (PSC). The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is a member of International Maritime Organization (IMO). The PRC obeys the regulations and request of international convention STCW78/95, the general rule of the civil law, and announces a series of training rules when training seafarers and issuing licenses. The PRC also declares that they could apply to international custom if their lacks of local regulations. In contrast, the seafarers of the Republic of China are still not for sure that they could be issues operation certificates. The ROC government is awaited to do something. Economies along the two sides of the Taiwan Straits have become mutually interdependent, whereas their political relations are still stridently confrontational. Due to the huge gap between their international statuses, the authorities that responsible for seafarer training and harbor supervisors, as well as scholars, have to promote the training quality of our seafarers, participate caucuses and activities of various international organizations so as to assure the ROC’s sea transportation and their working opportunities. The government has to submit its 78/95 STCW regulations training post crewman to the Secretariat of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), confirm license-issuing and fulfill the report, enlist itself to the White List from the “Third Track (as noted in Chapter 5).” This research could be attributed to the revision of the international convention, which affects the validity the ROC’s approval to the certificates in seafarer training and issuing licenses. The government designs courses from consistent policies of seafarer training, helping seafarers pass examination and evaluation and finally reach the standard of international convention named STCW 78/95. In addition, one of the government’s objectives is to comply the policy argument of governance concerning license issuing. This author tries to apply to quality research, comparative methodology, and negotiating factor in international relations (IR), and constructive typology for the purpose of verifying the operation of the “Third Track.”

內政部消防署「104年消防白皮書」統計2005年至2014年建築物火災中，以獨立住宅火災最多，工廠火災次之，但工廠火災所造成的損失及使用消防人力、消防車輛數，卻超乎一般建築物甚多，也造成了許多警消及民眾之傷亡，因此有必要將其獨立於建築物火災之外，進行相關之資料分析與研討。 新北市轄區幅員廣闊，以人口數或工廠家數，都是全台灣最多，具有主要交通、消費市場及生產製造多重角色，且各行政區因歷史、環境或文化等因素，嚴然為另一個台灣縮影，與其他縣市相比也較具代表性，因此本研究使用2009至2015年新北市追蹤資料來作迴歸分析，探討消防概念因素(例如:工廠消防檢查次數等4項)、人口及區域概念因素(例如:大學以上教育人口比例等6項)與工廠火災指標【例如:火災發生件數、人員傷(亡)數量、火災件數/列管工廠數量比】關係。 在實證結果內，並扣除掉部分因素可能有內生性影響後，顯示「消防專用蓄水池」、「工廠消防檢查次數」及「老化指數」【(65歲以上年底人口數／0-14歲年底人口數)x100為代表】3項，有影響工廠火災指標。其中消防專用蓄水池與此地區有無發生工廠火災呈負相關，但與老化指數呈正相關。其次發現，消防安檢次數與工廠火災件數呈負相關。最後，工廠火災件數與工廠數量比，和老化指數呈正相關。 / According to the yearly fire report in Taiwan, factory fire has accounted for the highest proportion, and also cause lots of people and firefighters’ casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to separate factory fire from normal building fire cases, and use related data to analyze and discuss independently. New taipei city has a large territory, which including the largest population and highest number of factories in Taiwan, therefore, this study applied New Taipei city panel data from 2009 to 2015 to perform regression analysis,and explore the influence of concept fire factors, population, and conceptual regional factors on the index of factory fire. According to the research, after deducting the suspected endogenous problems, the result shows that fire water reservoir, factory fire safety inspection, and aging index 【(population age number of 65 years above / number of 0-14 years old )X100 】will have influence on factory fire index. Fire water reservoir have an inversely relationship with factory fire within the area, however, the aging index is proportional to factory fire. Second, the increasing number of fire safety inspection will reduce factory fire. finally , the number of factory fire is proportional to the number of factory and aging index.