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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

呂碧城詞研究 / The Study of Lu Bi-cheng's Ci poetry

李郁儂 Unknown Date (has links)
晚清女詞人呂碧城﹙1883-1943﹚是晚清民初一位特殊且才氣橫溢的女詞人,她曾興辦女學,編輯報刊,推展護生工作,並以自身之能力遊歷歐美,將所見異地風光一併入詞。在中國新文學運動的發展下,堅持舊文學創作,以舊文體書寫各式創新的詞作題材,為清代女詞人發展劃下一燦爛尾聲。本論文除緒論及結論外,正文共計五章,大致以下列五方面做為闡述核心。   其一,透過呂碧城身分與流動的空間觀看其一生,從她參與報刊、興辦女學以及加入社團來看近代女性如何進入公共空間,以及概述其生平交遊。   其次,從呂碧城的詞作特色部分進行探究,探析一個走在時代尖端的新女性,如何使用舊文體表現其個人情懷、旅居異鄉的情感與鄉愁,以及如何調動大自然的空間與中國神話典故顯現婦女跨越邊界的進程,中年後皈依佛法,又是如何運用舊文體進行戒殺護生的創作。   其三,專論其為數眾多的海外新詞,探討其如何書寫歐美風光及所見所感,以及於詞作中抒發之故國情懷、所寄寓之情感,並藉由夢境書寫這一類題材探論呂碧城內心世界。   其四,綜論呂碧城在藝術技巧及風格創新上之突破,論述其如何將詞之視野擴大,將女性詞由閨閣中走出,甚至走出中國,替女性詞開拓一嶄新詞境。   再者,綜合對呂碧城題材及創作技法的歸納,運用接受美學理論,由文化背景、生命經歷的同情共感下,論述呂碧城對李商隱詩的接受,以及在詞作內容及藝術技巧上對李商隱詩的繼承。   最後,本論文研究目的為對呂碧城之詞作進行整體研究,冀能重新發掘呂碧城於近代詞史上之意義與價值。
2

漫遊與女性的探索──李永平小說主題研究

黃美儀, Wong Mei Yee Unknown Date (has links)
馬來西亞僑生自六O年代以來開始赴台留學,至今已有四十餘年,期間也出現多位活躍文壇的作家,成績斐然。從早期的潘雨桐、林綠、陳慧樺、王潤華和李有成,到中青兩代的商晚筠、李永平、張貴興、鍾怡雯和黃錦樹等。他們之中有的目前定居台灣從事創作,屢獲各大文學獎,成績令人矚目。這些具有馬華背景的作家都已逐漸形塑了自己的一套獨特的創作風格和書寫筆法,值得論者研究。無可否認,馬華旅台作家成為台灣文壇值得注意的現象,可惜至目前為止馬華作家和作品未能在台灣文壇引起評論熱潮,一直以來只有零星評論散見於報刊雜誌。就如王德威所言,即使「擺在當前台灣文學本土至上的脈絡裡,(馬華作家)的地緣論述必然見外於主流聲音。」(王德威2001a: 13) 現今後殖民理論蔚為風潮,馬來西亞曾經是葡萄牙、西班牙和英國等歐洲國家的殖民地,數百年來由殖民母國統治,至一九五七年獨立後方脫離殖民統治。屬於馬來西亞文學的馬華文學 應可算是後殖民文學,但馬華文學的情況事實上更為複雜。一般後殖民主義用以考察東西方之間的殖民文化關係,使邊緣文化得以重新認識自己,檢討甚至重建自己的文化前景。對馬華文學而言,其邊緣性是多重的,面對國境內的馬來文學,以及強大的中國文學,馬華文學都有其邊緣位置,使之成為極佳的後殖民理論研究對象。 首先,馬來西亞華人在國家歷史、政治和文化上位處邊緣,祖先早年遠渡重洋,從中國到達馬來西亞。其次,旅台馬華作家又選擇離開馬遠赴他地播散文學的種子,漂泊離散,似乎仍在汲汲營營尋找地理和心理定位。馬華作家的邊緣和離散經驗表現在文學作品上,就形成了豐富的文學意涵。這麼多馬華作家和評論者都選擇了台灣作為他們文學創作和發表的園地,其中有些甚麼文化歷史或政治上的因素;我們該如何看待這批新興的馬華作家;他們在中文文壇上又具有甚麼意義?這些其實都是亟待開發和研究的新領域。 李永平可說是研究上述議題的極佳例子。李永平一九四七年出生於東馬古晉市。生於馬來西亞獨立的前十年,他見證了殖民時代與獨立時期馬來西亞緊張的政治局勢。生在多元種族的婆羅州,李永平對種族間的衝突和敏感氣氛也有深層體會。李永平的祖先從大陸遷居馬來西亞,而李永平從馬移居台灣,從他身上可看見離散和漂流的特性 。 目前在台灣研究李永平的論者仍不算多,而且研究以短篇論文居多,至目前為止尚無碩博士論文以李永平為研究對象。短篇論文礙於篇幅,問題探討往往只停留於局部討論而無法有系統研究作家所有作品,或更仔細深刻地研讀不同年代作品所可能蘊藏的不同的意義。 閱讀過李永平小說的讀者都會發現,他的小說總是反覆吟誦著幾個主題,特別是女性和漫遊兩個主題。這也是筆者寫作本論文的旨趣所在。從女性主題開展將觸碰到性迫害、色情行業、母親形象、觀音形象等幾個層面。而漫遊主題則會涉及空間和時間等問題。而李永平作品中又是否存在後殖民性?放棄馬來西亞國籍定居台灣的他終日強調漫遊 ,又呈現了怎樣離散美學特性?這些豐富的小說意涵都等待讀者進一步探討和研究。本論文對漫遊和女性兩大主題尤感興趣,因此此兩大主題將成為本論文的研究重點。 本論文擬定研究方向,打算探討以下問題,企圖作較深入而有系統的討論: (一)漫遊空間的塑造與漫遊者的意義 閱讀過李永平的小說的讀者,應該會對《海東青》以降的小說中的漫遊主題印象深刻。李永平到底為何漫遊?如何漫遊?他如何營造自己的漫遊文體?他的兩部重要小說《海東青》和《朱鴒漫遊仙境》中的台北究竟有些甚麼特質?這些都是本論文欲探討的問題。此外,本論文也將討論李永平塑造的漫遊者具有甚麼特別的涵義。筆者擬探討波德萊爾和班雅明筆下漫遊者的特別涵義,再討論李永平的 人,企圖勾勒出三位作者處理漫遊者特質的異同。 (二)時間和空間的處理 漫遊將無可避免涉及時間與空間的問題。本論文擬探討李永平如何打造他小說中場景的時空,以契合他的漫遊主題。台灣的朱天心也是另一位以書寫漫遊著稱的小說家。本論文也將探討二人在書寫漫遊主題上的異同處。李永平和朱天心筆下的人物都喜歡在台北這個發達都會中漫遊,究竟其中有無蘊含一些特別的涵義?這些都是本論文要處理的問題。 (三)女性及其相關議題 李永平小說中不斷出現一些情節和意象,如色情行業、性迫害、母親形象、觀音形象等,這都成為李永平小說中重要的象徵與意涵。這些情節和象徵都從女性主題延伸而來,並且形成豐富的意象和內涵,值得論者逐一分析論述。
3

從北平到北京—主題攝影創作 / From Peking to Beijing—Shao Qianwen's photography

邵千文, Shao, Qian Wen Unknown Date (has links)
現如今,生活在北京的人們同時處在或跨越著不同的的城市空間。在北京的 城六區,人們可以看到摩天大樓、立交橋、地鐵構成的現代建築和縱橫交錯的胡 同以及四合院式的「都市裡的村莊」。而在五環以外,既有房地產宣傳畫冊上遠 離塵囂依山傍水的高檔別墅群落,也存在一排排城郊平房組成的小社群。昔日的 皇城「紫禁城」,車水馬龍的西直門立交橋,高級住宅鱗次櫛比的城郊花園,自 家磚瓦堆砌的戶外廁所,這些都是北京。 再度來到北京,創作者藉由每天的行走與思考、拍攝與交談,進而仔細瞭解 北京這座城市,再現城市化發展進程中北京真實的城市形態。並通過搭地鐵漫遊 北京,通過鏡頭記錄北京。地鐵和照相機的組合讓創作者更加深入地瞭解北京的 每一個角落,捕捉這座城市的表情,記錄那些平日被我們忽略的畫面。 整個主題以攝影作品、故事分享會及民謠彈唱會三個部分所組成的主題攝影 展來呈現。 / In modern times, people in Beijing live in different city landscapes. The central six districts are constituted by modern buildings, such as skyscrapers and flyovers, together with traditional ones, or ‘urban villages’, such as quadrangle courtyard. However, on the edge of Beijing, luxurious villas and small bungalows stand together and contrast each other. The once-thrived palace, the busy flyovers and urban gardens, with huge differences, yet, all of these are parts of Beijing. Back to Beijing, the author has gained more understandings about this city and represented the real city landscape during the urbanization process through daily walking, thinking, taking photos, and talking. With the author’s camera and taking the subway, the author has been enabled to capture the every single corners in Beijing, having those ignored scenes documented. The entire work has been consisted of photography, story-sharing, and a un-plug mini concert.
4

漫遊於紐約三部曲底下的人們 / Paul Auster's New Yorker in The New York Trilogy

張瀞云 Unknown Date (has links)
紐約三部曲,顧名思義,是三個關於後現代資本首都,紐約,的故事。然而,作者並未著重描繪後現代城市,迥異於後資本觀點如:物化、戀物癖、時尚、為主的敘事,而著重於描述身處於後現代空間主體如何因應、如何遭遇挫折、心態如何變化的現代啟示錄。 空間形塑主體,主體也反之形塑空間。現代空間所帶來的整齊清潔的身份認同童話已然消失,代之而興的,是後現代破碎、曖昧、精神分裂、主體消失的超現實空間,在這個獨特的空間場域裡,本論文試圖分析紐約人在紐約此一獨特空間之作為:透過行走、書寫、命名、記憶、偵察、地圖認知等方式來定位/重新定位/喪失定位的過程。 悲劇在於,籠罩於後現代的的烏雲下,雖然現代主義式英雄早已是一條死路,但提不出任何新的突破之路的主角們,終究不由自主地,以舊式現代主義英雄式的方法去探究、去找尋,去試圖重整秩序,緊接著便是,在這做玻璃之城裡,去失望、去挫折,去瘋狂,去死亡。 / Space is an influential, even determining factor to establish concerning subjectivity, and vice versa. The modern space and its fairy tale-type ordered/reasoned/omniscient city dwellers and detectives have already proved to be just an illusion. The world is no longer a comprehensible and legible universe. The omnipotent position the humans believe they firmly stand is just an ideological illusion. What exists in New York now is a hyperspace with ambiguity, contingency, self-dislocation, schizophrenia, and pastiche. Even though Auster’s texts are frequently regarded as postmodern, the Postmodernity is delineated and constructed not upon the illustration/configuration of the late urban capitalism logic which Jameson sees as the dominant features, but upon the textual characteristics of meta-fictionality and the self–deconstruction. But the New York tragedy is, facing with the mental crisis of the new age, the protagonists, or the heroes, the representative of every city dwellers living in the “mutation of the built space,” can’t propose any efficient and effective resolutions. The modernist efforts are proved to be a failure along with the changing of the city. Even though we know the condition is different, we still can’t have a new way to overcome our incapability and incompetents. This failure leads to various crises of subjectivity, ending in disappointment, frustration, disappearance, madness and death. So, in this dissertation, I will attempt to analyze the behaviors of New Yorkers and the way they take actions: through the ways of writing, walking, naming and remembering, they endeavor to orient/reorient/disorient themselves in this particular the biggest late capitalism metropolis.
5

城市漫遊:《阿卡迪亞》中的心理地圖 / Walking in the City: Psychogeography in Arcadia

周羿含, Chou, I Han Unknown Date (has links)
當代英國小說家吉姆‧克雷斯 (Jim Crace) 在《阿卡迪亞》(Arcadia, 2008)這部城市小說中,以一位隱身人群的專欄作家為敘述者,從城市居民的心理為出發點描寫城市空間,並以傳統露天市場被改建為一現代化購物商場之事件為主軸,刻劃城市居民經歷生存空間遭強制改變的衝擊之後,仍然找到適應的方式和創造空間運用的可能性。本文主要採取甄克斯 (Chris Jenks) 對城市漫遊者 (flâneur) 的論述,以及情境主義的心理地圖 (psychogeography)、漂移 (dérive)、異軌 (détournement)、及景觀 (spectacle) 的理論概念,剖析克雷斯如何以都市漫遊文本,呈現人和空間的互動,凸顯城市居民和其生存空間實為一生生不息的有機體,並揭露都市空間規劃背後暗藏視覺操縱,藉以反對空間商品化和景觀化。論文第一章主要借助甄克斯的都市漫遊者論述以及情境主義的心理地圖和漂移理論,闡述小說敘述者打破心理和地理的界線,以不同的人物心理呈現一幅城市拼貼。第二章以異軌理論為出發點,闡釋此小說將阿卡迪亞的文學概念和都市公共空間議題並置,一方面解構溫室和商場中的鄉村實為自然的複製品,另一方面強調城市生命力在於多樣性以及居民與空間的互動。第三章援引情境主義的景觀概念,著重討論社會關係和城市的空間生產被資本主義塑造的景觀所滲透控制,並強調敘述者以漂移和異軌的空間實踐與其對抗之外,也刻劃了都市居民在景觀的控制之下,仍然找到新的出口,保有空間運用的自主性。 / Jim Crace’s novel Arcadia delineates a city from the perspective of human mentality by means of an incognito critical social observer. The displacement of a modernized shopping mall for a traditional open market is the most important incident that causes a great impact upon the urban people. In this thesis, I would like to use Chris Jenks’ analysis of the flâneur and situationist concepts of psychogeography, dérive, détournement, and the spectacle to analyze how Crace presents the interaction between man and space which is threatened by the visual manipulation hidden behind urban planning. He also points out that urban inhabitants and their living environment form an organic whole that will keep evolving through their mutual influence. Applying Jenks’ discussion on the flâneur and situationist concepts of psychogeography and dérive, I would first show that Crace breaks the boundary between psychology and geography to present a collage of different interpretations based upon several characters’ mentalities. Then, the construction of the new shopping mall named Arcadia brings up the juxtaposition of the topos Arcadia and the issue of urban public space. With the practice of détournement, the narrator deconstructs the countryside in the shopping mall as the duplication of nature and emphasizes that the life of the city does not reside in the spectacular sites but in diverse and mutual interactions between urban space and its inhabitants. With spatial practices of dérive and détournement, the narrator not only criticizes that both social relationship and urban space are saturated with separation caused by the spectacle, but also makes known that urban people still hold the autonomy of creating alternative spatial use even under the dominant representation of the spectacle in the city.
6

「照慾症」:城市漫遊中的數位攝影實作 / Shutterbug : a syndrome of being a "flaneur" with digital camera

洪瑞薇 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究源於數位攝影的「遍在」,欲處理的是有關「照慾」的問題。數位相機促成了生活方式化的攝影實踐,而數位攝影作為一種生活方式,恰好是帶著數位相機上路的城市漫遊者們所可以指涉的。 本研究將數位相機視為一種「文化物」,將日常生活的數位攝影行動視為一種具有文化脈絡的「事件」(event)。根據本研究的概念脈絡,「日常生活」是一種「例行」與「變異」間的動態變化過程,而本研究所關注的是日常生活變異的潛能。 漫遊與攝影為日常生活的變異提供了可能性的條件,城市漫遊者的數位攝影實作涉及了這兩種變異的潛能。從這類實作中我們探索的是真實的「日常生活」與攝影再現的「日常生活」之間的裂隙如何產生,目的是為了看出日常攝影的「意欲」。 本研究針對六件城市漫遊者的日常攝影案例進行文本分析,從分析中得見,城市漫遊攝影者運用各種「戰術」來面對例行化秩序主宰的日常生活,這些戰術是「城市生理學」、「城市修辭學」與「城市對話」。「城市生理學」進行的是一種城市生活「寫實」,這類戰術採集城市日常生活的細節,企圖拼構城市日常生活的「全景」並加以展示。「城市修辭學」是一種對於現實的陳述方法,企圖透過攝影賦予城市日常生活特定的氛圍或意義。「城市對話」則經由與城市日常空間的相互對話,讓漫遊攝影者的主體得以現身。 本研究發現:對日常生活的攝影再現行動已然變成了日常生活本身,此為現代城市日常生活的「照慾症」。「照慾症」具有雙極性的特質:內在感覺包含:1、「照慾」的排解與強化;2、感官經驗的拓展與框限;3、漫遊性的獲得與失去;4、抒解壓力與創造焦慮。外在表現上:1、兼有秩序的混亂(慾望所致)及經營的軌跡(戰術所致);2、使城市熟悉化又陌生化;3、追求主體又趨於整一。 本研究欲稱:「照慾症」是一種日常生活意義的填補與賦予行動。這種行動是微觀政治的,它可能出於主體的自覺,也可能出於不自覺,它或許具有某種進步性,但卻不一定是革命的。
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行動國際漫遊之路由最佳化 / Mobile international roaming with route optimization

黃正熙, Huang, Jen-Shi Unknown Date (has links)
行動通訊網路之國際漫遊(以下簡稱:漫遊)的信令傳遞方式,從早期的通信衛星發展至目前的海底纜線,都屬於高維護成本的電信基礎設施,導致漫遊通話費用成本居高不下。隨著行動通訊網路技術發展,無形中促使OTT(Over The Top)的應用逐漸廣泛,甚至取代原本漫遊通話模式。即便如此,漫遊通話節費產品依然盛行,其主要原因是OTT服務無法提供優於目前行動通訊網路所擁有的特性:高通話品質、高移動性以及通話雙方不受應用軟體或終端裝置型號之限制(如Line無法與微信互通)。 由於漫遊的話務必須透過本地端服務網路或國際合作營運商的協議路由,才能順利將信令送達受話方,如此的程序卻造成Tromboning和Triangular等路由問題,對營運商而言,無形中衍生國際營運商合作的路由接續費用等相關成本。為改善上述問題,本論文的研究方法在不增加電信核心網路元件的基礎架構上使用漫遊閘道,分流處理目前行動通訊網路之漫遊的信令傳遞。採用動態更新漫遊用戶資料機制,降低各電信核心網路元件的運算資源,使漫遊的話務能採用更直接的路徑方式進行路由。 本研究所提出的方法,根據數學理論推導驗證可以發現,漫遊路由成本,不論是路由所需經過的國家數、網路元件數以及營運商連結數等,都能有效降低。模擬實驗結果也顯示,本研究方法能有效降低漫遊呼叫接通的時間,並能提升行動通訊網路前端網路元件的運算效能。在避免Tromboning和Triangular等路由問題的同時,降低營運商的話務路由成本,進而降低漫遊通話費用,提升用戶對漫遊通話使用率,達成雙贏局面。 / The ways of transferring signaling of international roaming, abbreviated to roaming in the following, in mobile communication network evolve from satellite communications, submarine cable communications, etc. The huge maintenance cost of telecommunication infrastructure results in high charge of a roaming call. Through the advancement of mobile communication network technologies, the emergent Over The Top (OTT) applications had been widely spread and began to replace the ways of legacy roaming calls. However, the saving call products still popular is due to OTT services are inferior to those of mobile communication in terms of voice quality and mobility. Apart from this, both parties of OTT services are subject to the same application software, e.g. LINE cannot communicate with WeChat. Since roaming traffic should be delivered through the routing protocol between local service network and international cooperative operators, it may cause Tromboning and Triangular problems. Operators, should thus increase the cost of interconnection due to the corporation among international operators. To resolve the problems, we propose to use roaming gateways based on the underlying infrastructure without adding components to the existing telecommunication core network. Roaming gateways can assist in separate processing of roaming signals delivery of the current mobile communication networks. The proposed method adopts the current registration model when roaming users visit a service network. Aside from this, the method dynamically updates users’ data in order to reduce the use of computing resources of core network components. The method is proved to be able to choose more direct paths in making roaming calls. The proposed method is verified by both mathematical analysis and simulations. The mathematical analysis proves that the proposed method is able to reduce roaming routing cost in terms of numbers of countries, network components and interconnected operators. The simulations show that the proposed method is able to shorten the answering time of roaming calls and enhance the computation efficiency of the front-end components of mobile communication network. In summary, the proposed method is able to solve the routing problems of Tromboning and Triangular as well as reduce the traffic routing cost of operators. As the result, the operators will be able to offer better tariff to users.
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重返倫敦下層:尼爾‧蓋曼《無有鄉》中的空間與主體 / Return to London Below: Space and Subjectivity in Neil Gaiman's Neverehere

林世傑, Lin, Shih-jie Unknown Date (has links)
《無有鄉》(Neverwhere, 1997)原為BBC迷你影集,後經由作者尼爾‧蓋曼(Neil Gaiman)改寫成小說,書中主角理查‧馬修(Richard Mayhew)因拯救朵兒(Door)而被迫開始探索他前所未知、無從想像的倫敦空間,也就是倫敦下層(London Below)。此倫敦空間充滿暴力混亂,顛覆理查對原有倫敦的想像,也將他帶離熟悉的畛域,雖然倫敦下層的事物希奇古怪,卻又詭異的與倫敦上層互相指涉,也使理查此旅行充滿詭異怪誕(uncanny)。此論文意旨爬梳倫敦城市空間的複寫性和其造成的詭異、探討理查馬修漫遊者(flâneur)形象以及理查結尾做出的看似自由卻又充滿侷限逃逸線(line of flight)。 / In Neil Gaiman’s first novel Neverwhere, adapted from the original namesake BBC television serial, the protagonist Richard Mayhew is a forced traveler, exploring the territory of imaginary London Below, in which Richard fails to grasp the sense. The “London Below,” the buried and repressed past by the “London Above,” is full of chaos, violence. Observing the invisible cities of the multiple other which used to escape his unitary way of seeing, Richard’s vision of the familiar/homely city gets blurred, defiant. However, events in London Below always disturb but at the same time uncannily refer to those of the London Above, which makes his journey in London Below an uncanny one. This thesis is going to discuss palimpsestic London space and the role of Richard Mayhew as flâneur and Richard’s final decision as a line of flight.
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高爾基小說《懺悔》中的主導概念─語言文化學層面的探討 / О ключевом концепте в повести М. Горького 《Исповедь》─ в аспекте лингвокультурологии

邱立旺, Chiou, Li Wang Unknown Date (has links)
文學文本是複雜的意義結構,是由語言層面和文化層面交織而成的場域,本論文所選用之概念分析法,是為綜合性質的文本分析法,並透過作者意象(Образ автора)、概念化(Концептуализация)與類別化(Категоризация)等分析過程,總結文學文本中語言和文化所結合呈現出的主導概念,重新詮釋文學文本的面貌。 高爾基是為二十世紀初俄羅斯文化的代表作家,對於其著作《懺悔》的分析在近一個世紀以來,往往帶有著政治性與片面性的解讀,故本論文的主旨,在於運用概念分析法的分析角度進入作品,給予高爾基著作新的解釋,並重新確立高爾基及其著作《懺悔》在俄羅斯文學史中的地位與價值。
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重塑空間性:尼爾‧蓋曼《無有鄉》裡漫遊於不╱可繪製的倫敦空間 / The Reconfigured Spatiality: Strolling the Un/Mappable London Spaces in Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere

楊宗樺, Yang, Tsung Hua Unknown Date (has links)
在蓋曼(Neil Gaiman)第一部小說《無有鄉》(Neverwhere, 1997)裡,透過對地下倫敦的想像,挖掘蟄伏於城市之中的邪惡、混亂與時空的交錯。主人翁理查(Richard)地下倫敦之旅顛覆他對城市既有的認識,城市不是如表面所見的井然有序、善惡分明,而是過去與現在的混雜和交織,惡勢力隨時匍匐其中。本文擬以空間議題為經、城市居民主體為緯,探討蓋曼筆下的倫敦呈現何種後現代都市空間、城市空間和主體間的互動,以及游牧主體如何在他者空間中生成。 論文第二章主要藉助索雅(Edward W. Soja)第三空間(thirdspace)的概念,闡釋小說裡後現代倫敦空間。首先爬梳瑞本(Jonathan Raban)、列斐伏爾(Henri Lefebvre), 和索雅三人對於後現代地理學的觀念,而後側重於索雅提出的第三空間。《無有鄉》裡,城市遠比理查所認為的還要複雜、失序,他漫遊於地上倫敦和地下倫敦之間,其所見景象呈現倫敦浮世繪,解構真實倫敦和想像倫敦間的界線,而此正體現索雅所謂的第三空間。 第三章以班雅明(Walter Benjamin)對漫遊者(flâneur)的討論為出發點,闡釋《無有鄉》裡漫遊者/偵探和城市空間的互動。身兼漫遊者和偵探的理查,由於處在混雜猶如迷宮的倫敦市景中,所以喪失經典漫遊者對城市全景的掌控。雖然《無有鄉》在情節的過程裡呈現後現代氛圍,企圖解構二元對立,但惡勢力最終的剷除,暗示地下倫敦又將回歸秩序,於焉似又陷入善惡二元對立的局面,但另一方面,女性在回歸秩序的過程裡,扮演舉足輕重的地位,女性的參與展現對空間父權化的抵制,而此也打破性別空間的二分法。 第四章著重討論小說的結局。筆者援引德勒茲(Gilles Deleuze)和瓜達里(Félix Guattari)游牧學(nomadology)的概念,闡釋主人翁主體的變異。在他者倫敦空間裡,主人翁和他者接觸而歷經生成他者(becoming-other),並開啟其逃逸路線(lines of flight),所以在回到原本的世界後,他又欲重返地下倫敦,擺盪於兩個世界,不囿於其中一方。 在《無有鄉》裡,兩個倫敦空間並非截然劃分,卻是相互滲透交織。想像的地下倫敦是一個暗喻,代表被城市邊緣化、他者化而忽略的空間,透過主人翁的漫遊,展現倫敦市景的多重面貌。 / Neil Gaiman’s first novel Neverwhere (1996) depicts an imaginary London Below which exposes the urban evil, chaos, and juxtaposition of diverse spaces. After his journey to London Below, the protagonist Richard changes his view of the city. That is, London is not of orderliness as it appears, but of the present interwoven with the past; it lacks a clear distinction between good and evil, and contains evil power embedded underneath. This thesis employs a spatial perspective as a thread to explore postmodern spatiality embodied in Gaiman’s London cityscape, the interaction between urban space and the subject, and the formation of nomadic subjectivity in the spaces of the other. In Chapter Two, I resort to Edward W. Soja’s conception of Thirdspace to deal with postmodern London spatiality in Neverwhere. I first introduce three spatial critics’ notion of postmodern geographies, including Jonathan Raban, Henri Lefebvre, and Soja whose Thirdspace serves as the main spatial framework of the thesis. Neverwhere delineates the urban landscape which is far more complex and disorderly than Richard assumes. He strolls between London Above and London Below, and his view of these two worlds which deconstructs the line between the real and the imagined presents Thirdspace in Soja’s term. Chapter Three utilizes Benjamin’s discussion of the flâneur as a starting point to deal with the interaction between the flâneur/detective and urban spatiality. As a flâneur/detective, Richard encounters labyrinthine cityscape, so he loses a classical flâneur’s/detective’s panoramic view of the city. Although Neverwhere as it progresses smacks greatly of postmodern aura by deconstructing dualisms, the collapse of evil power near the end of the novel suggests the retrieved order, so the novel seems to regress into dualisms. Simultaneously, in the process of regaining order, females play an important role, for females’ participation presents their resistance to patriarchal space and also subverts a gendered spatial dichotomy. Chapter Four focuses on the discussion of the ending of the novel. I apply Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s conception of nomadology to the protagonist’s nomadic subjectivity. I argue that the other London spatiality triggers the protagonist’s becoming-other via the contagion of the other and initiates his lines of flight. Because of this, after returning to his previous world, the protagonist seeks to leave for London Below. He keeps vacillating between the two worlds, for he refuses to be bound by either of them. In Neverwhere, the multifarious facets of London cartography are outlined through the protagonist’s strolling. The imagined London Below is a metaphor which represents marginalized, otherized and overlooked urban spatiality. The line between London Above and London Below is not completely clear-cut, but interwoven with each other.

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