烏托邦體裁文學的創作自托瑪斯•摩爾(Thomas More)時代至今，已有近五百年歷史。在這一漫長的進程中，由於受到不同社會文化思潮影響，使得烏托邦文學呈現多元的面貌。二十世紀前半葉，烏托邦文學中發展出反烏托邦與解烏托邦形式的小說，例如：薩米爾欽(Е.И. Замятин)的《我們》(Мы)、赫胥黎(A. Huxley)的《美麗新世界》(Brave new world)與歐威爾(G. Orwell)的《一九八四》(1984)。二十世紀後半葉，受到後現代主義的影響，烏托邦文學呈現出不同於以往的風格。前蘇聯第三波流亡作家沃伊諾維奇(В.Н. Войнович)於一九八六年完成的解烏托邦小說《莫斯科二O四二》(Москва 2042)，無論是體裁、語言以及文本中的個人崇拜神話結構，皆表現出濃厚的後現代主義徵候。本論文將以沃伊諾維奇的《莫斯科二O四二》為例，分析後現代主義浪潮下解烏托邦小說的特點。 關鍵詞：後現代主義、烏托邦文學、烏托邦、反烏托邦、解烏托邦、個人崇拜神話、狂歡化、戲擬

本研究以「意」的雙字詞彙為主要研究範圍，由詞彙內部結構及上下文切入以釐清「意」的多義現象。前人關於「意」的多義現象討論不多，僅有歷時的探源研究、與內在身體部位「心」的比較以及心理學認識活動的相關論述，至今尚未有關於「意」之共時性語料庫研究。於彙整《中文詞彙網路2.0》與《教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》中「意」的義項，並清楚制定「認知」、「情感」、「意志」三個語意類別後，本研究分析了《中央研究院現代漢語平衡語料庫4.0》一千萬詞條版本中的相關語料。研究結果包含了兩個面向的討論：「意」的詞彙內部結構和語意分佈之間的關係以及「意」的意象圖式。 首先，研究發現「意」在構詞上屬於名詞性黏著詞根詞素，可同時作為詞在句子中自由移動的情形不多；「意」在語意上則屬於「心理集合名詞」，而心理集合名詞為一多義詞素，詞彙語意的完整有賴其共現成分。其次，「＊意」結構的詞類包含了名詞、狀態動詞、動作動詞、副詞四種詞類，而「意＊」結構僅包含名詞、狀態動詞、動作動詞三種。其中，「＊意」的構詞能力較「意＊」強，語意分佈上則皆以「意志」類為主。 最後，從雙音詞的上下文中發掘了「意」的三條刺激反應路徑，統整出「意」的意象圖式，得知「意」的雙字詞多用於「報導」方面。若刺激類別為「文章/話語」或「外在景色」通常由「當局經驗者」報導概念內涵或刺激為其帶來之感覺，若刺激類別為「人際客體」則通常由「旁觀經驗者」報導當局經驗者理解概念之過程、心理狀態或意志狀態。華語教師在講解「意」之詞彙時，可透過解釋其共現成分之詞意為學生建立語意類別的概念，亦可運用刺激類別及報導的方式讓學生知道「意」的雙音詞使用上的差別。 關鍵字： 「意」、多義名詞、詞彙內部結構、意象圖式、中研院現代漢語平衡語料庫 / Key word: Yi4,polysemy, word component structure, image schema, Mandarin Corpus This thesis reports the polysemous usage of the disyllabic words containing Yi4 ‘meaning’ with the emphasis on their internal structure and co-text. Previous studies on Mandarin polysemy Yi4 mostly focused on the classic manuscripts, the comparison between Xin1 ‘heart’ and Yi4 ‘meaning’, or the philosophical system of knowing. However, none of them was based on real texts from the corpus. Based on the senses taken from the Chinese Wordnet 2.0 and the Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary, we categorized the usage of Yi4 as FEELING, COGNITION and INTENTION. Using these as the criteria, we analyzed the data from the Sinica Corpus 4.0. The results were discussed based on two aspects, the interrelationship between the internal structures and meaning distribution, and the image schema of Yi4. For the internal structures, we discovered that Yi4 serves not only as a bound-root morpheme at the syntactical level but also as a semantically polysemous psycho-collection morpheme which needs the co-occurred morpheme to fulfill its word meaning. We also found that most instances in both ‘X+Yi4’ and ‘Yi4+X’ structures belong to INTENTION, and these include nouns, action verbs, and stative verbs. However, only the ‘X+Yi4’ structure, with its stronger word-forming ability, contains adverbial use. In addition to internal structures, for the analysis of co-texts, we came up with the image schema of Yi4 which contains three stimulus-response routes. If the stimulus is article/speech/scenery, Yi4 tends to have a direct experiencer conducting a first-hand report about his/her feeling. If the stimulus comes from a human body, Yi4 prefers having an indirect experiencer conducting a second-hand report about the direct experiencer’s emotion, cognitive process or willing. Finally, this thesis also offers some pedagogical suggestions and application based on the findings.

自從2004年台澳簽署「打工度假」(Working Holiday)協定以來，每年台灣青年赴澳人數不斷增加，在國內掀起一股「壯遊」的熱潮。然而相關新聞報導與國內的研究卻發現，到澳洲打工旅遊的台灣年輕人，因為語言能力比不上當地人，所以多從事耗費體力的工作，而且工作穩定度低、危險性高、容易遭遇黑工問題等等，使台灣打工旅遊者的勞動環境越形惡劣。但在筆者的研究中，發現打工旅遊者卻輕忽勞資問題，必且拒絕承認自己為「台勞」。因此，本文的焦點在於探討台灣打工旅遊青年如何從自身「主體」性的眼光，去看待自己同時打工、又同時旅遊的行為？他們對自己抱持著怎麼樣的「想像」來理解打工旅遊的經驗？這樣的「想像」又是如何被塑造出來？ 本研究採質性研究方法，包括深入訪談、參與觀察、線上民族誌與非侵入性研究，並使用這些不同來源的資料進行交叉分析，以確認資料之信度與效度。在分析架構上，從「結構」和「個體」這兩者的互動展開，首先討論澳洲與台灣政府在塑造「打工旅遊」上扮演的角色，再來探討台灣青年在打工旅遊的過程中，對於自我身分的認同如何演變的過程。最後，本研究使用Giddens (1991)所提出的「現代性的反思性」來理解台灣青年如何將打工旅遊理解為自我敘事的一部份：逃離台灣變成一種自我實現的追尋，與既有的生命歷程斷裂。本文以此研究結果，來回應既往文獻研究的不足之處，並提醒台灣打工旅遊者對於「壯遊」的想像，可能會掩蓋澳洲惡劣的工作環境與勞動剝削的事實。 / Since Australia’s “Working Holiday Maker Visa Agreement” was signed with Taiwan in 2004, the number of Taiwanese working-holiday makers in Australia has grown rapidly every year. “Grand Tour” became a popular concept in Taiwan. According to the related literature, most Taiwanese working-holiday makers had no choice but to participate in the primary labor market in Australia due to the lack of English ability. They usually encountered highly risky, unstable, and even illegal working environment. However, the study found that Taiwanese working holiday makers ignored the nature of their employment and refused to call themselves “Tai Lau” (Taiwanese laborers). As a result, the study analyzed how Taiwanese working holiday makers think of themselves when they worked and traveled at the same time? What imagination did they have on their working holiday experience? In what ways was the “imagination” structured? The study was conducted by using qualitative research methods, which included in-depth interviewing technique, participant observation, unobtrusive methods, and online ethnography. Data collected through different channels and methods were triangulated to check the reliability and validity of data. The analytical framework focused on the interaction between “social structure” and “individual.” First, the study examined how Australian and Taiwanese governments both played the important roles in shaping and enforcing the working holiday policy. Second, this study explored the process in which Taiwanese working-holiday makers’ self-identities were changed when they were in Australia. Glidden’s (1991) concepts of modernity and self-identity were found to be particularly relevant in understanding Taiwanese working holiday makers’ self-narratives. They escaped from Taiwan to seek self-fulfillment, and their lives and identities in Australia were separated from their original life trajectories. The findings of this study can contribute to current tourism research by pointing out that the imagination of a “Grand Tour” may cover up the difficult working environments and exploitation faced by working-holiday makers.

21世紀以來，中國出現了大量的公路電影，尤其在2010年以後，公路電影不僅收穫了卓越的票房成績，也受到了廣泛的關注。中國公路電影在發展的過程當中，逐漸從對西方公路類型的挪用轉向了建立出屬於中國公路電影獨特的本土特徵，在電影的敘事、意象、人物設置、配樂等方面都表現出了其特別之處。中國的公路電影聚焦社會現實，反映了在中國社會轉型這個特殊時期的社會現實，暴露中國社會的種種現代性問題。本研究將選取《落葉歸根》、《心花路放》、《後會無期》這三個電影文本，使用類型批評、文本分析、符號研究的研究方法，探究在中國的現代化建設和社會轉型當中究竟失落了什麼。 / This study will select Breakup Buddies, The Continent and Getting Home as case studies, and use the genre criticism, textual analysis, semiotic analysis, to explore what has been lost in the social transformation of China's modernization construction. Since the 21st century, especially during the period after 2010, there have been a lot of road movies in China's film industry. Road movie have not only hit remarkable outcome at the box office, but also has received the general attention. During the development of China's road movies, the style gradually changed from duplicating western road movies to establishing distinctive and native characteristics, which reflect on the unique narratives, images, characterization and soundtrack in those movies. China's road movies focus on the society and reflect reality during the special period of social transformation in China, which also expose problems of modernity of Chinese society.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(経済学) / 乙第12869号 / 論経博第384号 / 新制||経||271(附属図書館) / 31587 / 大阪市立大学大学院経済学研究科 / (主査)教授 溝端 佐登史, 教授 宇仁 宏幸, 教授 黒澤 隆文 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第24277号 / 文博第902号 / 新制||文||724(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科現代文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 喜多 千草, 教授 中村 唯史, 准教授 松永 伸司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

臺灣的世界史教育自1949年以來已經走過一甲子，歷史課本的改革卻不會因為歲月匆匆而走到終點，課本只能不斷的被完善，方能教育出更好的下一代，以完成百年大計。本文除了第一章緒論與第五章結語之外，正文一共分為三章。第二章講述課綱與時代的互動，歐洲中心觀是如何在臺灣的世界史扎根，將討論臺灣政治氛圍與兩岸對峙的影響，以及冷戰與後冷戰時代，歷史學術思潮的變遷。第三章將進入課本文本，分析歐洲中心觀與課本論述方式，首先從十八世紀興起的大論述與輝格歷史學切入，討論兩者如何相輔相成，呈現在教科書內。再者討論戰後臺灣成為美國冷戰結構下一環，學習諸多美國的現代化理論，對課本的書寫產生了許多影響。以及臺灣內部的國族主義訴求，跨越了本國史進入世界史領域。第四章則討論課本細部的名詞翻譯與圖片使用，除了反應了歐洲中心觀，還可以追尋出臺灣課本強烈的英語中心觀，讓臺灣的世界史至今仍然籠罩在不列顛的影響之下。透過上述各章節，我們可以從課綱、課本、圖文等三個層次來檢視臺灣的世界史如何呈現歐洲中心觀，寄望能給予課本編審者作為參考 / Taiwan’s high school has taught Wolrd History in the course of history over sixty year since 1949. Nonethless, the need of revising the course would never come to an end: constant improvments should be implemented in order to provide better teaching for the next generations. The main part of the dissertation is divided into three chapters. Chapter Two starts with the curriculum guidelines and the background, illustrating how the base of Eurocentrism was built in Wold History courses. It relates the phenomenon to the context that Taiwan has been influenced by the political atmophere during the Cold War, and later scholarly trends in global Post-Cold War academe. In Carpter Three, the focus moves to textbooks, specifically on (1) the relation between the Grand Narrative and the Whigs History and their reflections in textbooks; (2) The adaption of Modernization theories from the US, in a context of Taiwan as an ally in Cold War that this is exacly the reason for the overwhelmingly presence of the States in Taiwanese history education; (3) The ideology of Nationalism, which results in a phenomenon that the narratives of World History in textbooks are often biased to meet the nationalist need. Last, in Chapter Four, it manifies the deatails in textboks, i.e. the choice of translational terms and the arrangement of maps. It contends that terms and maps in Taiwan World History textbooks reflect not just Eurocentricem but English-Centrism which still envelops nowadays Taiwan. In brief, the analyses of Eurocentrism in these chapters are arranged in theree levels: curriculum guidelines, textbooks, and finally terms and maps. Additionally, the dissertation provides some advice for textbook writers.

從過去的公元2000年所強調網路Dot Com時代來臨，資訊商務發展一路從電子錢包、電子商務、B2B、B2C、第三方支付、C2C、O2O..到近期的「行動支付」發展的角度上來看，因為網路的發達，無線網路覆蓋面積的增大，網路速度也不斷的提升，智慧型手機及行動裝置使用廣泛，讓整體消費市場由過去所重視的企業消費市場已大幅轉向重視個人的消費市場。 短短的這二、三年，因智慧型手機使用的普及，各種APP應用程式蓬勃發展，已徹底改變了人們的生活習慣，當人們想要獲取與傳遞資訊時，只要動動手指頭，馬上就可達成；相對的，人們對於智慧型手機行動裝置也越來越依賴。面對這一新的「動動手指頭的時代」發展與趨勢，加上個人消費者的使用與消費習慣改變，造就了消費市場巨幅的變化；企業更為爭取個人消費者的市場，作為企業競爭力之指標。從企業為爭取個人消費者的市場之發展趨勢來看，O2O （Online to Offline）更成為現代重要的營銷模式。 本研究的貢獻希望在於以便利商店繳交信用卡帳款為例得到之啟發，打造一個行動商務平台，藉由現代圖碼（Picture Code），即利用目前所常見使用的條碼，如：堆疊式二維條碼以及矩陣式二維條碼，結合現行還在開發之新技術，組合出更新，圖形更複雜且資料儲存量更大之圖碼當作介質，透過網路之連結，以現代資訊商務發展活動的應用模式為基礎，套用本研究之應用模型，作為對於個人使用者的身分驗證，以及個人消費者於現代資訊商務發展活動之「電子錢包」及「電子商務」、「第三方支付」乃至「C2C」在使用信用卡的應用上，透過使用智慧型手機或行動裝置，作為現代另一新的「行動支付」方法。同時，在完成商務交易活動後，又能結合O2O營銷模式，為使用或消費者個人帶來共多利益，也為商家創造出更多商機。 / From "Dot Com" network generation coming in 2000, the IT Business Development Activities from "Electronic Wallet", "e-commerce", "B2B", "B2C", "Third-party payment," "C2C", "O2O" to the recent "Mobile Payment" development, because the network developed, wireless network coverage area increases, network speed has also been improved, smart phones and mobile devices are popular, overall business market is focus on the individual consumer market now. In this three years, smart phones use a variety of APP applications, it really has completely changed people's habits. When people want to capture and transmit some information, it just need to “move your fingers” as soon as you can reach. Also, people become increasingly dependent on smart phones and mobile devices. Face with this new "move your fingers time” developments trends and consumers’ consumption habits change, enterprise all want to increase the individual consumers’ market share and also as a business Indicators competitiveness. O2O （Online to Offline, Offline to Online） business model is more and more important to enterprise in the future. This thesis investigates from a case study on credit card payment for bill in the convenience store to get an idea. Hope build up a mobile commerce platform and use the modern “Picture Code” that the current use of bar codes, such as Stacked 2D bar codes and two-dimensional matrix bar code and combined with the existing new technology still in development. The combination of updates, graphics and more complex and larger data storage capacity of the bar code to be the new “interface”. Based on all application connect within Internet, we try to implement for all application according to development and innovation from this paper that to be a customer’s ID verification and “mobile payment” new model. Meanwhile, after transaction successfully, integrate the O2O business model to create more benefit for customer and more business opportunity for enterprise.

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中國馬克思主義史學乃是中國現代史學一個重要的流派，而且在1949年以後更成為中國史學界唯一的「正統」，然對於中國馬克思主義史學發展演變的研究不是受限於意識型態的束縛（如大陸學者），就是相當的缺乏（如台灣史學界），使得我們對於中國馬克思主義史學的理解往往流於表面與刻板印象（如「經濟決定論」、「人類社會發展五個階段論」）。對於中國馬克思主義的演變中典範的形成與變遷都不甚清楚。本文嘗試對於作為一個中國馬克思主義史學的先驅，李大釗的史學思想加以研究探討，從而釐清李氏史學的內涵與特色為何，橫的方面與當時中國現代史學的其他重要流派，如傅斯年等做個比較。縱的方面與第二代中國馬克思主義史家如郭沫若作個比較分析。期能對於李氏在中國馬克思主義史學的發展中，所扮演的角色做個定位。最後，將李氏史學放在整個中國現代史學發展的脈絡中加以審視，提出其主要的貢獻與影響為何。 目 錄 緒 論 ………………………………………………………………… 1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………… 1 第二節 以往研究文獻述評………………………………… 6 第一章 中國馬克思主義史學興起的背景……………………… 15 第一節 清末新史學思潮的湧現…………………………… 15 第二節 馬克思主義的傳入………………………………… 20 第三節 早期馬克思主義史學的應用……………………… 29 第二章 李大釗早期思想的發展…………………………………… 37 第一節 早期思想的發展…………………………………… 37 第二節 轉向馬克思主義…………………………………… 57 第三章 「唯物史觀研究」與「史學思想史」與《史學要論》 ………………………………………………………………… 71 第一節 「唯物史觀研究」………………………………… 72 第二節 「史學思想史」…………………………………… 88 第三節 《史學要論》……………………………………… 96 第四章 李大釗與中國馬克思主義史學的發展………………… 115 第一節 歷史階段論……………………………………………116 第二節 辯證唯物論……………………………………………123 結 論 …………………………………………………………………… 127 徵引書目…………………………………………………………………… 133 / Marxism