2003SARS在兩岸 ------以生物政治學的研究途徑 摘要 生物政治利用SARS事件對人類主體的政治學做出反思，把人類重新放置於「生物」本體的立基點來思考，描繪人類政治學中的權力機制的根源及其作用。生物政治學在研究方法上以系譜學為主，將傳統的權力研究更進一步至確定主體的研究，能重新思考人的本體論，從而開展另一層次的知識論及方法論。2003年春夏所爆發的SARS疫情在海峽兩岸及全世界都造成巨大的影響，而兩岸的經貿、文教交流和外交關係都達到谷底。本文試圖以系譜學方式整合流行病學與政治學研究，觀察海峽兩岸SARS事件始末並推論出其中權力行使的細緻意涵，研究將以社論新聞及實地參與觀察為主。 SARS在國內層面上關注於對身體的控制，國家無法管理病毒，所以以管理身體的方式來管理病毒，對身體監視（量體溫）、對身體限制（隔離）和對身體作用（醫治），而在國際方面國家的能力被簡化成控制身體的能力，於是也有身體的禁止（疫區）、身體能否得到醫治的許可（WHO出席）等等。研究顯示：一方面SARS是一種新型疾病，人們對於SARS的認識都充滿不確定性，但是人們在心理上要對SARS有所認識，因此SARS的流行病學的論述充滿了知識/權力的辯證關係；另一方面，依照SARS的流行病學對於SARS病毒/病人的管制：從SARS的名稱開始，到帶原者的分類，處理傳染與隔離的設施到疫區的判斷方式，也存在身體政治的意涵。證明了疾病的系譜是隨著主體的建構而有多重面向。 關鍵詞： SARS、中國、生物政治、全球化、系譜學、傅科、尼采 / 2003SARS in the Cross-Strait ----On the Bio-Political Perspective Abstract The epidemic, SARS, erupted on two sides of the Taiwan Strait in spring and summer of 2003. Cross-Strait exchanges fell to close to none. It brought great influence to not only East Asia, but also the whole world. This essay attempts to employ the methodology of Genealogy to explore the SARS incident and to understand how power maneuvers in this context. The research materials will primarily be editorials and news. The research reveals that: SARS is a new disease. People are uncertain about the SARS symptom and desired to know more as possible. Therefore, the discourse of SARS is dialectic of knowledge/power. One the other hand, the signification of body politics can be seen in the control of virus/patients: from the name of SARS, to the categorization of virus carriers, and the way to handle the disease and quarantine. The final discuss is on the implication of disease in the context of globalization and international politics. Western philosophical thinking the human being is the greatest of the living thing, and the other organism of the nature is object being. The assumption that human beings have the power to decide and discover their Subjects dictates the interactions between human beings and other creatures/ objects. The existence of “others” thus serves as a background and secondary meaning to human. Bio-politics aims to discuss a different kind of thinking which puts “others” in the position of Subjects. This is to deconstruct the opposite relations between human and nature, and to describe the source of power in humankind’s political science. Genealogy’s research on power traces back to the research on Subjects; while Bio-politics can employ Genealogy’s methodology to discover another level of research on power. Keywords: Bio-politics、Epidemiology、Foucault、Genealogy、SARS、WHO

全球趨勢大師戴維斯（Stan Davis）曾預言說：「未來二十年將是生物科技的時代！」，也有人說：「二十一世紀是生物科技的世紀。」事實上過去幾年來，我國也將生物科技產業列為國家級重點發展科技之ㄧ，並投入相當大的金額輔助產業之發展，生物科技產業是技術與知識密集的產業，而知識是整個產業與企業發展最重要的元素，但由於生技產業在我國屬發展初期且創新能力尚嫌不足，因此，由技術知識本質來探討我國生物科技公司之創新行為便對產業會有所貢獻。 本研究主要採用文獻探討以及個案訪談作為主要的研究方法，先藉由文獻探討建立起論文整體之架構以及相關理論之說明定義所需探討之研究變項，之後再透過六間生技產業各領域之標竿企業的訪談加以實證。本研究所探討之創新行為是以Leonard-Barton之創新模式作為研究基礎，再以「技術知識特質」與「中小企業特質」來探索對創新行為之影響。而可得到以下初步之研究結論： 一、生技產業專案類型與中小企業特質之關係： 1.生物科技公司會因不同類型專案之開發目的與需求而追求技術自主性； 2.生物科技公司正式化程度會受法令與規範之影響； 3.生物科技公司會因不同類型專案專案人員自主性不同。 二、生技產業專案類型與技術知識特質之關係： 1.不同類型之生物科技公司，其技術知識特質亦不相同。 三、中小企業特質與創新行為之關係： 1.高度的技術自主程度，也會明顯提高組織對失敗之容忍度； 2.高度的技術自主程度，使得深奧技術知識變的容易溝通； 3.高度的正式化程度，使團隊很重視非正式的互動與交流； 4.高度的專案成員自主性，較鼓勵以摩擦性創造作為解決問題的方式。 四、技術知識特質與創新行為之關係： 1.技術知識內隱程度會影響共同解決問題時創造性摩擦的鼓勵以及解決問題的方式； 2.技術知識內隱程度並不會影響執行與整合新技術時使用者參與的程度； 3.技術知識內隱程度越低，越鼓勵實驗風氣； 4.技術知識內隱程度不同，外部學習的關鍵人物也不相同； 5.系統複雜程度越低，會降低專案團隊織成員異質性，問題解決方式傾向專業分工處理而非密集討論； 6.系統複雜程度會影響組織進行創新型試驗的意願； 7.系統複雜程度會影響組織進行知識吸收來源的廣泛程度； 8.路徑相依程度不同，會影響技術執行與整合的方式。

摘要 台灣生物科技產業，近年來在政府大力推動下，投資金額、企業營收、就業率與新創公司數逐年成長。然而台灣生物科技水準與美歐日等先進國家相比，技術層次仍有待加強，而台灣生物科技產業發展，相較於美歐日等地區生物科技產業的蓬勃發展，仍屬於播種萌芽，逐漸起飛的階段。 台灣發展新興產業的關鍵因素：如人才、資金、技術等關鍵資源極為有限，因此若能藉由地理區域的集中，來凝聚上述有限的關鍵資源，或可加速台灣生物科技產業的發展。 本研究藉由實地參訪和個案研究；再輔以次級資料（公開文件）的蒐集、整理與分析，來探討生物科技產業聚落發展的關鍵因素。研究對象包括：美國的生物科技產業聚落（Philadelphia，New Haven，Boston，RTP、North Carolina）及歐洲瑞典的生物科技產業聚落（Stockholm / Uppsala，Gothenbrug，Malmo / Lund，Linkoping，Umea）等。 由於生物科技公司是生物科技產業聚落的構成主體，因此首先就企業經營管理的觀點，探討生物科技新創公司形成的關鍵因素；另就產業聚落發展的觀點，探討生物科技產業聚落發展的關鍵因素：如生產要素條件、相關與支援性產業、產業聚落的成長與回饋等；再探討生物科技產業聚落內，使得新事業源源不斷形成，產業聚落得以永續發展的機制；最後由先進國家生物科技產業聚落發展的經驗，對台灣地區發展生物科技產業聚落的政策意涵，提出相關建議。 經由本研究可以得到下列發現：生物科技新創公司最重要的生存方式，在於如何善用環境外部資源，來突破企業內部資源的有限性。而生物科技產業聚落不是無中生有，首先必須先存在大學及研究機構等專業化生產要素，才會設立科學園區或育成中心。大學及研究機構現有的研究領域，決定科學園區或育成中心的發展特色。生物科技公司是生物科技產業聚落的構成主體，而生物科技新創公司形成的機制（如種子基金的設置等）是產業聚落永續發展的驅動力量。種子基金、科學園區或育成中心分別為產業聚落發展重要的無形及有形的連結機制。 / Abstract The amount of investment, the revenues and the employment of firms, and the number of start-ups, within Taiwan biotechnology industry, promoted by the government, increased gradually. However, the level of biotechnology, compared with other developed countries, seems still a lot to be upgraded. Moreover, the biotechnology industry developed in Taiwan is still in the early stage. Therefore, the limited key resources such as talents, capital, technology, if can be concentrated in a specific region, then the emerging industry like biotechnology industry may be developed faster. The study is, use of the field and case study, and the secondary data collected, to explore the key success factors in the development of biotechnology industry clusters. The cases studied include American biotechnology industry clusters, like Philadelphia, New Haven, Boston, RTP-North Carolina, and Sweden biotechnology industry clusters, like Stockholm-Uppsala, Gothenbrug, Malmo-Lund, Linkoping, Umea. Because the biotechnology firms are the building blocks of biotechnology industry clusters, it is first to explore the key success factors of the formations of new ventures from the perspective of business administration. From the perspective of cluster development, it is to explore the key success factors of the formations of new clusters such as the production factors, the related and supporting industry, the growth and feedback of clusters. The mechanism about new ventures growing forever to sustain the clusters development is then explored. From the experiences of these developed countries in the clusters development, the study proposes some suggestions about the policy making on the biotechnology clusters development in Taiwan. From the study, there comes the following finding：The biotechnology ventures leverage the resources from the environment to overcome the limited resources within the firms. The biotechnology clusters can be happened nowhere. First, there will be existed some professional production factors such as universities and research institutes, then come the science-park and incubator. The universities and research institutes define the characteristics of the science-park and incubator. The mechanisms about the formation of new ventures such as the seed fund become the driving forces of biotechnology clusters. The seed fund or the science-park and incubator are the intangible or tangible linkage mechanisms about the formation of biotechnology clusters.

就地保育被認為是保育生物多樣性的重點工作之一，而設置保護區是最常見的就地保育做法。本文的研究重點在於如何提昇保護區規劃的效率，內容可分為兩大部份。第一部份為回顧用於保護網絡規劃的保護區選擇問題理論相關研究，將研究演進方向分為保育目標、保育成本與限制條件、演算法、空間配置及有效棲地四類進行探討。第二部份為兩個個案分析。個案一為台灣保護網絡規劃研究，利用三種不同的規劃方式來尋找不同水準保育經費限制下，能使保育目標（受保護物種數）極大化的保護區組合。結果發現以OSL演算法配合互補性原則的規劃方式最佳，無論在何種保育目標水準之下其成本均是最低的。個案二為陽明山國家公園北部保護網絡規劃研究，比較考慮保護區以外土地使用類型對保育的貢獻與否，對物種存活率總和－保育成本間的關係的影響。結果發現在保育水準（物種存活率總和）很低時，兩者達到相同的保育水準所需的成本相差很多。比較保護所有棲地和將所有棲地作為農地兩種情況，假設農地對物種保育有所貢獻時，保護所有棲地能使物種存活率總和提高約1.1；若假設農地對物種保育沒有貢獻，則保護區棲地能使物種存活率總和提高約5.2。

生技新藥產業是指使用於人類及動植物用之新藥及高風險醫療器材之產業。而生技新藥產業與醫藥產業，在目的上均與人類及動植物用藥或醫療儀器相關；差異之處在於目前的生技醫藥產業相較於20餘年前的醫藥產業，多了生物技術的應用，產業結構由大型藥廠垂直整合演變為非營利組織、生物技術公司、大型藥廠分工的形態。總結來說，生物技術是生技新藥產業的重要組成要素，而生物技術的興起，則改變了過去醫藥產業產品與技術的組成，也改變了產業結構。 生物技術產業或醫藥產業是全球各國競相發展的產業類別，我國亦不例外；其中，美國無論於生物技術或醫藥產業的發展，均居於全球領先的地位，其成功必然有可以提供我們討論或學習之處。而在知識價值鏈的體系中，美國大學更扮演著提供創新以及產學合作的重要角色，對於全球生技新藥產業的進步有重要的貢獻。從而本研究以美國為標的，研究產業的發展歷程，並進一步以產業之觀點，探討大學產學合作的模式以及智慧財產管理，希望能供我國大學與產業實務發展的參考。 從美國生物技術與醫藥產業發展的歷史與經驗，本研究歸納出生物技術產業興起的因素，與1980年代發生的基礎科學上的突破性發展、拜杜法案的通過、專利法將生物技術的發明納入保護範圍，三項因素有關。另外，由大學所提供的創新，透過密切的產學合作、授權與技術移轉、企業間的策略聯盟等方式，於知識的價值鏈中流動並增加價值，而大學提供創新的人才，往往也是創業者和重要的經營者。 本研究認為，美國大學對生物技術發展具有重要性的貢獻，其中，大學內部創業與大學智慧財產的管理特別值得討論。在大學內部創業方面，美國大學不但鼓勵創業，並制定股權政策，允許新創公司以股權取代部分的授權報酬，給予新創公司實際的協助。透過限制大學持股比例與禁止大學擔任董事或參與董事投票活動之原則，則可兼顧大學避免利益衝突與公司專業經營的需求。 在大學智慧財產管理的部份，本研究認為加州大學系統的智慧財產管理方式，採用網路式的授權與技術移轉組織，將各校區共同的需求如政策、法務、資訊技術與通訊等活動統籌處理，而將需與發明人和企業密切交流的活動如授權與技術移轉的活動交由各校區的授權與技術移轉中心負責。透過此種統籌與分工管理的方式，能夠兼顧減少營運成本與增加授權效率的功能。 經由本研究節果，建議我國的大學可採用網路式的授權與技術移轉組織之概念，除各校之授權與技轉中心外，聯合設一統籌政策、法務、智慧財產資料庫之管理機構，並對大學持有公司股份、鼓勵創業、避免利益迴避等議題制定一致的政策，方能有效利用資源並發揮大學創新的價值。 / Biotech and new drug development industry are targeted toward the development of drugs for human, animal, or plant use. This also includes the high-risk industry in medical devices. Although the pharmaceutical industry shares common objectives, the biotech and new drug industry emphasizes on applications in biotechnology and its industrial structure is composed by non-profit organizations and biotech dedicated firms. While biotechnology forms the basis to the biotech and new drug industry, the improvement of biotechnology also changed the interaction between the pharmaceutical products and technologies as well as its industrial structure. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry have received considerable attention around the world, including Taiwan. Since U.S. has been the leading country in the development of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, we can surely learn from its success. In particular, universities in the U.S. have played a crucial role in providing innovation and promoting university-industry cooperation and resulted in significant contributions to the progress of global biotech and new drug industry. Thus, this study will investigate the development of the industry within the U.S. by dissecting the various university-industry cooperation models and the management of intellectual property rights. Results from this study will hopefully shed some light on bridging our university with industry for further practice operation. By examining the U.S. biotech and pharmaceutical industry, this study has concluded that breakthroughs in fundamental, the passage of Bayh-Dole Act, and the inclusion of biotechnology into patent law science in 1980s are responsible for the rise of biotechnology industry. In addition, active university-industry cooperation along with licensing, technology transfer, strategic alliance among enterprises and information flowing in the knowledge value chain added the value of the innovation provided by universities. In many cases, the university has not only provided innovation, but also a source for future leaders that would take on role of the founders or head of project management. The U.S. universities have made significant contributions to the development of biotechnology by establishing entrepreneurship programs, intellectual property rights management, and often providing substantial assistance in business start-up. One type of assistance is rendered through regulating policies on equity that allows start-up companies to provide equity in place of part of license fee. In order to avoid a “conflict of interest”, universities should be limited of their possession of industry equity, which can prevents them from taking part in the company as the board director or members. In terms of the management of intellectual property rights, the measures of management of the University of California system can help diminish operation cost and enhance licensing efficiency. University of California system resorts to Technology transfer in a distributed institutional network that feed the common needs from each campus such as patent policies, general counsel, and information technology and communications. A licensing and technology transfer center (OTT) on each campus will follow a system wide license and technology transfer process between the inventor and the enterprise. In conclusion, it is recommended that our university could adopt the concept of network licensing and technology transfer. Through an overall arrangement, a management institute can be established to regulate the planning of policies, provide general counseling, and build a database of intellectual property rights aside from the existing licensing and technology center of each university. In the best interest of the developing biotech and new drug industry, universities should initiate policies with regard to equity holding limitation, encouragement of start-up business, and the avoidance in the “conflict of interest” so the industry may effectively utilize university resources and demonstrate its innovative values.

本研究以台灣8家生物科技公司為研究對象，探討公司於民國85年到88年之間的經營效率評估，比較孰優孰劣。本研究應用資料包絡分析法(data envelopment analysis, DEA)來計算相對效率值。投入要素包括：資本額、研發支出、員工人數，及員工素質共四項；產出項目則為公司營業額一項。研究中分別求解CCR效率和A&P效率，此外，亦將CCR效率進一步區分為純粹技術效率(BCC效率)與規模效率，除了效率值比較和衍生的相關討論外，還進行規模報酬分析、虛擬乘數分析、差額變數分析，與敏感度分析，最後則是獲利能力與經營效率之比較。 研究結果顯示，效率排名以杏輝表現最佳，其次依序為濟生、葡萄王、永日、永信、生達、中化、五鼎；依年度區分的平均效率值分析，可觀察到的共通現象，皆是從民國85年一路衰退到88年，顯示八家生技公司的營運效率在此期間總體表現不佳。整體來看，投入項目需縮減幅度最大者為員工素質，資本額次之。表示八家生技公司在此期間高素質人力的投入，並無產生相當的營收，原因可能是公司開發的產品未能符合市場的需求，因此，未來在開發新產品方面應加強結合行銷功能，才能充分滿足消費者或客戶的需求。此外，資本額投入過多，造成資源的浪費，也需要公司管理者加強成本的控管，以期達到資源有效分配。從獲利能力與經營效率之比較分析得知，經營效率高的公司大多獲利能力亦較高。 / Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this paper examines the relative efficiency of 8 companies over a period of 4 years in Taiwan biotech industry. The study has indicated how to use DEA to identify individual companies that are less efficient than other comparable units of output factors relative to input factors. These DEA models basing on the data of 1996-1999 provide CCR efficiency, and A&P efficiency. Furthermore, CCR efficiency is divided into pure technical efficiency (BCC efficiency) and scale efficiency. Besides the comparison of these efficiencies and the discussion about related content, the present study also performs scale analysis, multiplier analysis, slack analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Finally, the comparison of profitability and operating efficiency is conducted. The research shows that Sinphar Pharm. Corp. is ranked first in efficiency, and then Chi Sheng Chemical Corp., Grape King Corp., Yung Zip Chemical Corp., Yung Shin Pharm. Corp., Standard Chemical & Pharm. Corp., China Chemical & Pharm. Corp., and Apex Biotech Corp. in order. Average efficiency of these eight companies declined from 1996 to 1999. As a whole, the personnel Ability and Capital should be the first two input item that needs to be reduced. The comparison of profitability and operating efficiency indicates that most efficient companies can have good profitability.

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在知識經濟時代中，經由知識的創造、傳遞與應用獲得創新、異質性的知識和技術，對於產業競爭力的提升具有關鍵影響力。而生物科技產業擁有知識密集、產學互動關係密切、重視創新研發活動的特性，亦與本研究關注知識創新活動相符。加上生物科技的發展，不僅是全球大力投入的新興高科技產業，同時也被定位成國家競爭力的新指標。 所以本文即以生物科技產業為對象，從創新系統脈絡所提及的地理鄰近性和網絡關係切入，透過因素分析及系統分析（SEM）方法分別建構出在生技產業中創新系統行動者--廠商、大學和研究機構的知識傳遞路徑模型。透過所建構出的知識傳遞路徑模型，觀察在廠商和學研機構的知識傳遞活動中，同時考量地理鄰近性與網絡因素前提下，兩者對於知識傳遞路徑的影響程度及其所產生直接或間接的影響、與彼此間的因果關係所形成影響路徑的先後順序，以及地理鄰近性和網絡關係間是否可能存有互補或替代關係。更進一步針對產學研三者間的知識傳遞連結關係進行整體性的結構分析。 研究結果發現： 1.知識傳遞路徑確實存在先後因果關係引發對知識取得直接或間接之影響。在廠商模型中只有廠商聚集直接影響知識取得；而學研機構模型中則是由廠商鄰近與產業網絡直接影響知識獲取。並且因為因果關係的存在而形成知識傳遞路徑的先後順序。 2.在兩個知識傳遞路徑模型中，大學與研究機構都扮演主導創新研發活動的重要角色。 3.在廠商模型中，地理鄰近性與網絡存有互補關係，學研機構模型中則否。 4.地理空間的聚集對於廠商和學研機構的知識取得都具有舉足輕重的地位。 / During the era of knowledge-based economy, acquirement of innovative and heterogeneous knowledge by knowledge and technology creating , transmitting and using has key influence to improvement of industry's competitiveness. Characteristics of Biotechnology industry, which conform to this research pays close attention to the knowledge innovation activity are knowledge -intensive , close interactions between industry – university and emphasizing innovative and research development .It is not merely a new developing Hi-Tech industry of global great input, but also the new index of national competitiveness at the same time . This thesis regards biotechnology industry as the research subject promptly, based on viewpoints of geographical proximity and networks to understand the relations between innovative actors -- firm, university and research institution -- and to construct out the route model of transmission through factor analysis and systematic analysis(SEM).According to route model , while observing in the activities of knowledge transmitting, find out the actors’ influence degree and exert a direct or indirect influence in the route model , and try to figure out geographical proximity may be complementary or substitute to the networks. Go still one step further to concern the structure analysis which among the firms, universities and research institutes. The result of study is found: 1.The causality of knowledge transmission exists positively in the route to cause direct or indirect influences on knowledge acquiring and form the priority order .Only it influences knowledge to be obtained directly that the firms gather in firm's model; geographical proximity and firm's network influencing knowledge acquisition directly while learning to university and research institution's model . 2.In both route model, the university and research institution all act as leading actor in innovative activities. 3.In firm's model, the geographical proximity has complementary relations with the network, which has opposite relation in university and research institution's model. 4.The gathering in the geographical space has a very important position in the process of knowledge acquiring to all innovative actors.

本研究主要在於設計一種新式生物反應器，並應用於生產豬瘟病毒疫苗。首先根據所培養細胞的生長特性與原有生物反應器之缺點，改良成新式的生物反應器，並評估此新式生物反應器適用性、效能，以及所培養豬腎細胞之生長代謝情形與豬瘟病毒力價。整個實驗過程大致分為兩個部分，第一個部分探討細胞固定化培養之最適化培養條件與生長代謝情形，第二個部分探討豬瘟病毒培養之最適化培養條件與生長代謝情形。實驗結果發現豬腎細胞(PK-15)以批次方式培養於新式生物反應器，搭配著FIBRA-CEL®載體，成功的進行擴大培養，豬腎細胞最高的生長量達到2.29×109cells/300mL的細胞量。因此，改良之新式生物反應器可提供細胞優越的生長環境，具有擴大規模培養之潛力，可藉由此簡單設備、操作容易、成本低且低能源消耗之新式生物反應器達成細胞製品之生產基座。 / In this study, the production of PK-15 cell using immobilized animal cell culture in a novel bioreactor was investigated.We evaluated the serviceability and efficiency of a design-improved novel bioreactor for the growth and metabolic states of cultured PK-15 cells and the production of HC virus. The entire experiment includes two major stages: (1) investigation of the optimal conditions and metabolic states for the growth of immobilized cells, (2) investigation of the optimal conditions for the production of HC virus. Our results showed that immobilized PK-15 cells on the fibra-cell carries in the design-improved novel bioreactor exhibited their best growth of 2.29×109 cells/300mL.The immobilized conditions for cell culture, can provide a shearing stress of growth state, easy separation of cells from the culture mediu, and a operation of continuously feeding medium, leading to possibility growth of the high density cell and a long period of production;as a result, the efficiency of producing process is promoted. Here,our design-improved novel bioreactor is expected to provide an optimal growth environment of both the cells and viruses for the production of high-yielded, stable, and consistent cellular biological preparations. Furthermore, it will also provide the basis for the production of cell products with advantages of simple-equipped, easy-to-operate, low cost, and low energy consumption. / 致謝 i 中文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ii 英文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ iii 目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ iv 表目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ vi 圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ vii 第一章 緒論------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 第二章 文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2-1 豬腎傳代細胞(PK-15 cell) -------------------------------------- 3 2-2 豬瘟病毒------------------------------------------------------------ 4 2-2.1 豬瘟之歷史背景--------------------------------------------------- 4 2-2.2 豬瘟病毒之特性--------------------------------------------------- 7 2-2.3 豬瘟發生原因之探討--------------------------------------------- 11 2-3 生物反應器--------------------------------------------------------- 12 第三章 實驗材料與方法--------------------------------------------------- 21 3-1 細胞------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 3-2 細胞繼代培養------------------------------------------------------ 21 3-3 細胞冷凍保存------------------------------------------------------ 22 3-4 解凍細胞培養------------------------------------------------------ 22 3-5 病毒感染------------------------------------------------------------ 23 3-6 收集病毒------------------------------------------------------------ 24 3-7 豬瘟病毒力價測試------------------------------------------------ 24 3-8 細胞滾瓶培養------------------------------------------------------ 26 3-9 生物反應器操作--------------------------------------------------- 27 3-10 載體上細胞數的測定--------------------------------------------- 33 3-11 葡萄糖的測定------------------------------------------------------ 33 3-12 培養過程中pH值測定------------------------------------------- 34 第四章 結果與討論--------------------------------------------------------- 35 4-1 測試細胞貼附的材料--------------------------------------------- 35 4-2 細胞固定時間的比較--------------------------------------------- 36 4-3 測試不同比例的載體量培養豬腎細胞------------------------ 37 4-4 測試不同接種量--------------------------------------------------- 40 4-5 測試培養基流速對豬腎細胞生長的影響--------------------- 44 4-6 測試培養基停留於培養槽時間對豬腎細胞生長的影響--- 45 4-7 測試豬腎細胞暴露空氣時間對於生長的影響--------------- 47 4-8 測試Bellocell培養豬腎細胞(PK-15)可行性----------------- 49 4-9 測試利用新式生物反應器培樣豬瘟病毒--------------------- 50 第五章 結論與建議--------------------------------------------------------- 53 參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55 表目錄 表1. 兔化豬瘟疫苗與組織培養豬瘟疫苗的比較------------------ 6 表2. 急性、慢性與遲發型豬瘟比較---------------------------------- 10 表3. .Growth of Various cell Lines in bellocell-500----------------- 18 表4. Comparison of SF-9 cell Growth and BEV production in Various Laboratory bioreators------------------------------------ 19 表5. Comparison of HEK293 Cell growth and Receptor X production in Cell Factory®/20 roller bottles and BelloCell-500Bioreactor------------------------------------------ 20 表6. Reed-Muench Methods法計算方法----------------------------- 26 表7. 比較不同材料培養PK-15 cell所用的載體量---------------- 50 表8. 細胞固定時間的比較所接細胞量與載體量------------------ 51 圖目錄 圖1. Liau提出以潮汐生物反應器圖--------------------------------- 17 圖2. Operation principle of Bellocell system------------------------- 18 圖3. 新式生物反應器(novel reactor)-潮汐式生物反應器(tidal typereactor)之運作流程圖--------------------------------------- 30 圖4. 比較不同材料培養PK-15 cell ---------------------------------- 63 圖5. 比較不同時間細胞的貼附量------------------------------------ 64 圖6. 測試的不同比例載體量培養豬腎細胞生長曲線------------ 65 圖7. 測試的不同比例載體量培養豬腎細胞培養過程glucose消耗趨勢------------------------------------------------------------ 66 圖8. 測試的不同比例載體量培養豬腎細胞培養過程pH變化------------------------------------------------------------------------ 67 圖9. 測試不同接細胞量培養在10g carrier生長曲線------------- 68 圖10. 測試不同接細胞量培養在10g 載體glucose消耗趨勢----- 69 圖11. 測試不同接細胞量培養在10g carrier pH趨勢--------------- 70 圖12. 測試流速對豬腎細胞生長的影響------------------------------ 71 圖13. 測試流速對細胞影響的葡萄糖消耗--------------------------- 72 圖14. 測試流速對豬腎細胞生長影響pH值-------------------------- 73 圖15. 測試培養基停留時間對豬腎細胞生長影響------------------ 74 圖16. 測試培養基holding時間對豬腎細胞生長的影響之葡萄糖趨勢--------------------------------------------------------------- 75 圖17. 測試培養基holding時間對細胞的影響之pH值趨勢------- 76 圖18. 測試豬腎細胞暴露空氣時間對生長的影響------------------ 77 圖19. 測試豬腎細胞暴露空氣對生長的影響葡萄糖消耗趨勢--- 78 圖20. 測試豬腎細胞暴露空氣對細胞生長的影養pH值趨勢---- 79 圖21. Bellocell反應器培養豬腎細胞---------------------------------- 80 圖22. Bellocell培養豬腎細胞葡萄糖消耗趨勢---------------------- 81 圖23. Bellocell培養豬腎細胞pH值趨勢----------------------------- 82 圖24. 測試利用新式生物反應器培養豬瘟病------------------------ 83

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