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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

移民的背景のある児童生徒の学力に関する社会学的研究

中原, 慧 25 March 2024 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第25046号 / 文博第951号 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科行動文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 太郎丸 博, 准教授 田中 紀行, 教授 倉石 一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM
92

論外國人的國際遷徙自由

林孟楠, LIN, MENG-NAN Unknown Date (has links)
我國憲法學者多數認為外國人雖為基本權主體,但依照權利性質說,並不享有國際遷徙自由,從而國家可任意地拒絕其入境、居留或驅逐出境。最主要的理由在於,依照國際法,主權可自由決定是否允許外國人入境及課予入境條件。從而,主權也可自由設計入出境管理制度,那麼藉此箝制外國人言論、宗教或學術自由等基本權利,並非不可想像,甚至我國亦有實例發生。雖然,憲法學者也指出國家應儘量尊重外國人的入出境,亦不得任意藉此任意侵害其他基本權利。不過,既然外國人沒有作為憲法權利的國際遷徙自由,即難以對抗立法者藉由入管制度造成的侵害,更抹滅全球化時代下外國人國際遷徙活動本身具有的各種意義與功能。 有鑑於此,本文一方面嘗試跨足國際法,檢視現行國際人權法對外國人國際遷徙的保障程度,並回溯國際法古典著作探尋主權與國際遷徙自由的軌跡;另一方面,分析現行憲法學說之不足,藉由與國際法的對話成果,嘗試重新構築憲法保障外國人國際遷徙自由的體系。之後探討國家於限制外國人的國際遷徙自由時,應如何遵循法律保留原則、比例原則與正當法律程序,並提供救濟管道,始合乎憲法第23條之意旨。經由憲法基本權保障機制的確立,最後進一步檢討現行入出國及移民法,提出建言。 / The study is intended for elaborating on the freedom of international movement for aliens. First of all, the author examines the protected area of international movement for aliens under current international law and explores the classics of international law in order to research into the entangling relationship between sovereignty and freedom of international movement. In addition, the author analyzes constitutional doctrines at the present times and their inadequacy by applying international law. Meanwhile, what this article does attempt to do is to provide a new framework of the protected area of freedom of international movement for aliens under constitutional law. Also, in an effort to protect the freedom of international movement for aliens, the author discusses how to apply principles of non-delegation and proportionality and due process of law appropriately to prevent state power from violating it. Finally, the author examines immigration law and offers suggestions.
93

符號互動、媒介、家鄉與離散認同:布里斯本澳籍台裔族裔邊界的形成與流動 / Symbolic Interactions, Media, Homeland and Diasporic Identities:The Fluid Ethnic Boundaries of Taiwanese immigrants in Brisbane

蔡珮 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文以布里斯本澳籍台裔的族裔認同為研究對象,從符號互動論角度瞭解移民如何在傳播互動中建構認同並形成共同體,以此探討「認同」、「傳播」與「想像共同體」間之關係,在澳洲布里斯本台灣移民社區進行田野調查並深度訪談六十五位台灣移民,以實際的經驗研究和兩個本文欲互補或質疑的觀點展開對話:一為Anderson以媒介資本主義作為傳播構連想像共同體之核心角色,在傳播建構認同的過程中是否充分?二為離散理論當中的「母國導向」與「邊界維持」觀點,對澳籍台裔離散經驗的適用性為何?研究目的除了回饋符號互動論,重新思考該理論在探討當代跨國移民認同建構之不足,並增添一些在跨文化/國情境下影響移民認同建構之相關傳播因素,以符合跨國移民認同研究所需;而從符號互動論角度研究想像共同體之形成,其想像機制能夠與Anderson的鉅觀角度產生哪些互補?希望藉此提供思考「認同」、「傳播」與「想像共同體」三者關係新的想像視野。 本文在理論耙梳與田野來回交錯中,發現Mead符號互動論在互動中構連認同與想像共同體的關鍵傳播因素是「重要象徵符號」,不過,Mead似乎只考慮了一個共同體中個體「趨同」的重要象徵符號,但忽略和外部社群互動接觸的「區異」重要象徵符號也會形成自我所從出的共同體,這種由「區異」所形成的「重要象徵符號」,更具有以「想像」構成共同體之性質,雖然處在同一個共同體的成員並不相識,但是當我們和他群接觸有共同的差異感產生時,這種共同的「差異感」讓我們有同屬一個共同體的感覺。本論文於是結合Mead符號互動論與Barth族裔邊界理論,且不偏廢根基論的族裔認同,提出離散族裔的族裔認同來自族裔內根基(同一性)與邊界互動(差異性)所形成的重要象徵符號構成了族裔象徵邊界(symbolic boundary),正是這些被社群成員認為”重要”、”可區辨”不同族群的重要象徵符號,構成集體認同之基礎,提供族裔認同之來源。澳籍台裔離散認同是一個「混雜的想像共同體」,其中的族裔認同「想像共同體」是透過傳播互動中社群成員認為重要可區辨不同族裔的「重要象徵符號」實踐形成之邊界所構成,族裔邊界維持與變遷之機制,來自於對母國原生情感或宗主國情感的強弱、族裔評價之抉擇、家鄉情懷的強弱、宗主國溝通能力之具備與否以及在社會互動中自我與他者關係之多重匯聚。 台裔離散的族裔認同是由人際傳播與大眾傳播共同建構的,傳播科技連結了”根”與”路徑”,藉由個人對於母國強烈的原生情感和家鄉情懷作為觸媒,使得族裔媒介透過解鄉愁、更新家鄉記憶、增進母國和同族裔親友間交流而喚起族裔認同;對年幼移民後裔而言,由於自小離鄉或在澳洲出世,對於原鄉的記憶與感情變得遙遠模糊,族裔中重要他人的文化傳承以及對於媒介中母國風土民情的解釋互動,搭起了族裔媒介建構認同的橋。同樣的,宗主國的主流媒介建構跨界認同,是移民積極運用媒介內容作為和澳洲人建立友誼和相互交流的工具,在與宗主國人際互動中,跨界的認同在一來一往的認肯中逐漸形成。 本文認為,在應用Anderson「想像共同體」觀點解釋媒介內容建構或凝聚集體認同之推論應有所保留。形成族裔認同感的傳播機制,在Anderson那裡,是將現代時間觀念的改變與印刷資本主義和統一方言使用做了扣連,廣大的讀者同胞因而產生共時性的連結,形成想像共同體的胚胎(Anderson, 1991),在Mead這裡,形成共同體的語言過程,是一種「重要象徵符號」的溝通(Mead, 1934),個人即使沒有和共同體中的所有成員碰面,但認同也不可能在真空中產生,沒有社會互動,自我和共同體都不可能生成,是「重要象徵符號」構連了許許多多未曾謀面的共同體成員。象徵符號原本是具有多義性的,但「重要象徵符號」卻能在彼此之間形成共同的態度與反應,以致形成一個「想像共同體」。本研究發現族裔媒介引發族裔情感的方式其實還有「原生情感」、「濃烈鄉愁」、「同族裔同胞或母國親友交流」作為觸媒;主流媒介建構「澳洲人」認同也是透過人際傳播中介,受到互動中澳洲人的認肯,才引發「澳洲人」的認同感。因此,大眾媒介或許只是強化原有的族裔情感或是作為人際互動中促使認同更容易產生之內容來源,是和人際傳播互動共同建構了族裔認同,而非單一造就。 澳籍台裔的離散認同由三種族裔想像共同體組成:「Chinese共同體」、「台灣人共同體」與「澳洲人共同體」,源自三種共同體的自我認同有八種樣貌:「在澳洲的台灣人」、「也(不)是台灣人也(不)是澳洲人,或是不同比例的兩種組合」、「台裔澳洲人」、「華裔澳洲人」、「中國人 or Chinese from Taiwan」、「在哪裡就是哪裡人」、「國際人」與「亞澳居間人」。三個族裔想像共同體擁有各自分享的評價標準與重要象徵符號,形成族裔認同邊界:台灣人共同體主要是以「和來自中國大陸予人負面印象的Chinese不同」為核心評價;Chinese共同體多以策略性本質主義定義「Chinese」為「中華文化」、「華裔血緣」,作為提升己身認同以對抗環境中多數認為「Chinese=來自中國大陸」之意含;澳洲人共同體則多欣賞澳洲的價值觀和生活形態,如:平等、守法、輕鬆隨和、熱愛戶外運動、注重隱私、獨立自主、友善親切等。 台裔離散認同流動的大方向為:「中國人」的認同如同母國的流動方向一般,當面對真實而非課本上虛幻的中國人時,大部分會轉向「台灣人」;第一代移民大多停滯於「在澳洲的台灣人」;1.5世代認同以「半個澳洲人半個台灣人或也是澳洲人也是台灣人」居多,會逐漸流向「澳洲人」,但不會出現純粹的「澳洲人」認同;而中、英語流利且和多國人接觸的移民最終會流向「國際人」;在澳洲出生或三、四歲就移民澳洲的1.5代移民,其認同會從原本自以為是「澳洲人」回流為「台裔澳洲人」或「華裔澳洲人」。就台裔離散而言,「離散」有另一種新的詮釋,離散認同的邊界不盡然維持,也不盡然腐蝕,有的只是邊界的跨越、衝突、矛盾與協商。 過去離散研究強調離散族裔有共同鄉愁以及「母國導向」的論點並不適用於澳籍台裔離散。雖然對第一代台灣移民而言,台灣家鄉和原生情感以及族裔認同分不開,「出生地」、「成長地」、「父母家人都在台灣」、「台灣是我的國家」是其家鄉歸屬感之來源,但即使「家鄉」是台灣,由於這群移民當初選擇的是澳洲優質的生活環境,因此大多數仍會選擇在澳洲定居,回歸母國或落葉歸根的比例並不高,第一代僅18%表達會回台灣長住,後裔更僅有9%有此意願。雖然大部分1.5代高中以上年齡移民仍和第一代一樣,覺得「親情」、「家鄉」和「成長地」的構連形成強烈的台灣歸屬感,但傳播科技的發達以及大眾交通之便捷,打破了時空界線,使得「多重的家」、「跨國的家」逐漸取代單一「台灣是家鄉」的意義,「家鄉」象徵”多重的地方”,「台灣、澳洲都是家鄉」使得「家鄉」與「母國地域」的關係開始鬆動,「家鄉」成為一個連結母國和宗主國的空間;更年幼移民澳洲的1.5代,或是「澳洲人」認同感較多的移民後裔,大多會認為「家人在澳洲,澳洲就是我的家」,甚至直接稱澳洲是自己的家鄉,原本第一代「家鄉」、「母國親人」和「母國地域」三者構連的家鄉歸屬感開始解構,轉為「在澳洲親人」和「去母國地域」的家鄉。台裔離散的「家鄉」意義,已從第一代與「母國」、「出生地」、「成長地」、「國家」、「親人所在地」緊緊扣連,提供族裔認同重要來源,逐漸在後裔於澳洲久居生根之後,意義變遷為「多重的地方」、「跨國的家」,使得移民後裔的認同也有了多元的變貌,「從何處來」與「身在何處」兩者間的抉擇,在「台灣出生地」與「久居澳洲」、「家人在澳洲」兩方的牽引中,後裔逐漸選擇在澳洲的親情和經歷成長已習慣的澳洲生活作為「家鄉」意義之來源,「日久他鄉是故鄉」是離散後裔「澳洲人」認同漸多時家鄉意義的變貌,「台灣」對年幼移民後裔而言,漸漸只剩下「好吃、好玩、度假、買便宜東西的地方」。 / This dissertation aims to explore the relations among identity, communication and imagined community. Mead’s symbolic interactionism and Barth’s theory of ‘ethnic boundary’ have been employed as the main theoretical frames in this study. Furthermore, extended from Mead’s and Barth’s theory in assist with ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews with 65 Taiwanese immigrants in Brisbane, I argue that ethnic identity of diaspora is constructed by the symbolic ethnic boundary which is formed with identical ( primordialism ) and different ( boundary interactions ) significant symbols. The boundaries between ethnic groups are constructed through the internalized and externalized practice of these significant symbols. The results revealed from this research show that the Australian-Taiwanese diasporic identity is a ‘hybrid imagined community’ being constituted by Chinese, Taiwanese and Australian imagined communities. The transitional mechanism of ethnic boundary is driven by the convergence of attachments to homeland or host country, the choices of ethnic appraisals, the possession of the host communication competences, and the self-other relations within social interactions. The ethnic identities of Taiwanese diaspora are constructed by both interpersonal communication and mass media. This finding is complementary to Anderson’s stance that mass communication is central to the construction of the imagined communities in capitalism. Namely, only mass media isn’t sufficient enough for constructing the imagined community. Interpersonal communication is another concerned factor. Taiwanese diaspora cannot be simply viewed as a homeland-orientated ethnic group. The meaning of homeland has been changed among different generations. After staying longer in a place far away from home, gradually, young generations will identify this place as their homeland. For Taiwanese descendants who immigrated to Australia at their young age, when they grow up in Australia and become more Australian, they will feel Australia is their homeland.
94

臺灣學生學習成就評量資料庫之新移民子女分析研究 / Study of the Analysis of Immigrant Children in Taiwan Assessment of Student Achievement

謝進昌, Hsieh, Jin-Chang Unknown Date (has links)
本論文目的在分析臺灣學生學習成就評量資料庫(TASA)之新移民子女學習成就、心理、背景特質表現,及與本土子女進行比較。研究中自描述新移民族群的歷史演變、發展、可能遭遇困境與相關的研究中,進而,再搭配現行既有評量架構,以決定針對國小(四、六年級)新移民子女之數學成就、性別、家庭結構、家庭語言環境、家庭社經地位、家人、自我教育期望、親子關係、學校適應、學習策略、學習偏好、能力歸因、數學能力自我概念、內在動機、家庭作業、課業補習、課外活動等十多項心理、背景特質進行分析,而在詮釋其理論、實徵研究基礎後,運用測量不變性、多元潛在迴歸分析等技術以進行本研究各項議題之探討,希冀能就分析結果,提供未來研究之參考。 綜整分析後,可發現以下幾點結論: 一、在針對數學成就進行族群間之比較時,研究中在單向度假設與Rasch模式適配度檢定符合下,進而於排除顯著差異試題功能測量指標後,是運用多元潛在迴歸分析以進行本土與新移民子女數學成就之比較,分析結果顯示,在國小六年級內,並未存在顯著的族群差異,但是於國小四年級中,則是以本土子女的表現平均優於新移民子女,其差異效果為0.36,約屬Cohen(1992)認為介於中等至小的效果量,而接續於分析是否存在其它因素影響時,分析結果是顯示在先天消極的族群因素外,族群間家庭社經地位的不均衡才是真正影響之主因。 二、有關族群間之心理與背景特質比較方面,研究中在經採用測量不變性以確立工具品質,並伴隨著卡方獨立性考驗、獨立樣本t檢定之運用後,其分析結果大致顯示出新移民子女是較本土子女,在家中手足數僅有1位、位居老大或獨子女、繼親家庭與身處雙語環境等現況具有相對的多數,但是在學生認知家人、自我教育期望、親子關係、學校適應、學習策略運用、學習偏好以至課業補習、課外活動時間分派等,整體而言,則多是未具顯著的差異或屬Cohen(1992)所認為小的差異效果量範圍內。另一方面,研究中更突顯出的是族群間家庭社經地位的不平衡,確實占有極大的比重,是具備Cohen認為之中等至小的差異效果。 三、在分析心理、背景特質與數學成就關聯時,研究中在經採多元潛在迴歸分析後,其結果大致顯示:就族群與變項間之交互作用而言,國小四年級學生所認知之自我教育期望、內在動機等,相較於新移民子女,是對本土子女之數學成就有較高的影響力,但是國小六年級學生的家中手足數、家庭社經地位、記憶、控制策略運用與外控能力歸因的認知上,則是相對在新移民子女之數學成就上有較深厚的影響,而至於其它變項之分析,則多未存在族群的差異。進而,在排除族群的干擾,僅就各特質與數學成就關聯之主要效果而言,研究結果顯示除性別、家庭子女的出生序、家庭作業與課業補習分派時間等,存在不顯著或僅部份年級具備顯著效果外,其餘特質皆能符合本研究理論所預測之傾向,大致是以具備過多家中手足數或持過度的外控數學能力歸因者,是會對學生數學成就產生負面的影響,而其餘如來自完整家庭、身處主流語言環境、具備高家庭社經地位、教育期望、和諧親子關係、良好學校適應與擁有高度學習策略、偏好、動機等,則皆能正向的影響數學成就。 最後,研究中是就新移民子女定義、抽樣架構、測量指標等面向,提出對新移民子女學習成長資料庫之建立及與其它實務、研究之建議。 / The purpose of this study is to analyze neo-immigrant children’s achievement, performance in psychological traits and compare these with native children. Starting from the description of development, challenge and related researches of immigrant children in the past, we found the assessment frame of Taiwan Assessment of Student Achievement (TASA) just corresponded to the purpose we expect. Therefore, based on TASA , we decided to analyze the status and performance of neo-immigrant children in math, gender, family structure, language environment, socio-economic status, parents and self expectation, parents-children relationship, school adjustment, learning strategy, learning preference, ability attribution, academic self-concept, intrinsic motivation, time assignment of homework, school cramming, and extracurricular activity etc. Following the support of the theoretical and empirical evidences, we used the technique of measurement invariance and multiple latent regression to discover the different topics in the thesis. In sum, some conclusions are proposed. 1. In the comparison of math achievement between neo-immigrant and native children, we use the technique of multiple latent regression to test the difference after exclusion some items with significant differential item functioning. The result indicates that there is no significant difference between these two races in the sixth grade, but in the fourth grade the native children perform better than neo-immigrant children. The effect size is 0.36, and it is between medium and small degree according to Cohen(1992)’s opinion. Depended on this result, several following analyses are implemented. It shows the inequality of family socio-economic status between races is the main cause instead of the race people belong to. 2. In the comparison of psychological traits between neo-immigrant and native children, we not only use the technique of measurement invariance to ensure the qualities of assessment tools but also adopt chi-square test and independent samples t-test to examine the differences. The results indicate that the neo-immigrant children have more chances belonging to the categories of being eldest among siblings or only one child in his family, living in step-parents family, and involvement in bilingual environment. But there is almost no or just little difference between the two races in the perception of parent and self expectation, parents-children relationship, school adjustment, learning strategy application, learning preference, and the time assignment of school cramming and extracurricular activity. Besides, we found the inequality of family socio-economic status between races is the most different. The effect sizes range approximately from small to medium degree according to Cohen(1992)’s opinion. 3. In this study, we used the technique of multiple latent regression to analyze the relationship between different psychological traits and math achievement. The results indicate that as far as the interaction effects are concerned, the perception of self expectation and intrinsic motivation has greater impacts on native children’s math achievement than neo-immigrant’s in the fourth grade, but in the sixth grade the family size, family socio-economic status, the usage of memorization and control strategy, external ability attribution have greater impacts on neo-immigrant children’s math achievement than native children’s. Besides, there are no interaction effects on the remaining variables. Furthermore, as far as the main effect is concerned, the result shows that except no or just little relationship between gender, birth order, the time assignment of homework, school cramming and math achievement, the remaining variables have the similar relationships toward math achievement as we expect. That is that having too many siblings, external attribution of math ability may have negative influence on students’ achievement, but students who belong to intact family, involve in the mainstream of language environment, have higher family socio-economic status, and perceive better parent and self expectation, parents-children relationship, school adjustment etc. may have positive influence on their math achievement. Finally, some suggestions about the definition of neo-immigrant children, the way of sampling and qualities of measurement indicators are proposed. We expect they may do a greater help in the construct of the database of Prospect of Neo-Immigrant Children Learning and future usage.
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論兩岸交流衍生之非傳統安全問題 / The Emerging Non-Traditional Security Problems of Cross-Strait Interactions

蔡茂林, Tsai, Mau-Lin Unknown Date (has links)
冷戰結束後,國際社會新興的電腦犯罪、恐怖主義、非法移民、國際販毒、槍械走私、組織犯罪等問題,向為各國所共同關切。傳統安全係以戰略和軍事威脅為主,而非傳統安全威脅則來源多元、形式多樣,所呈現者又以各式跨國組織犯罪最為顯著。本論文以兩岸交流衍生之大陸民眾偷渡入臺、毒品走私、組織犯罪等議題來闡明臺灣所面臨的非傳統安全威脅,此外,尚須因應「國家認同」等源自內部治理之「內發性威脅」等「危機」。 非傳統安全問題具有向外擴散及向內滲透特點,與傳統安全問題間沒有明確界限,兩者具有相互轉化的特性,一旦非傳統安全問題失控或激化,可能被迫須以傳統軍事手段解決。故非傳統安全的範圍是動態的,難以界定,有鑑於兩岸交流衍生之非傳統安全議題相當龐雜,本文乃選擇對個人、社會、國家、國際體系等各層次皆會造成安全威脅的非法移民、毒品走私、組織犯罪以及恐怖活動等四項議題為主要研究課題。 當前全球化的發展潮流勢不可遏,安全研究的範圍究應「擴展」還是「窄化」,廣泛受到學者的重視與辯論,主張「擴展」之學者所持的理由是,許多非軍事面向的議題,影響並威脅國家安全至鉅,應該擴大安全研究的範圍。而傳統安全研究學者則認為,若將安全議題太過於擴大,將造成研究焦點無法集中,以及安全實質內涵空虛的弊端,故本論文將研究焦點集中於當前對我國非傳統安全具指標性之大陸非法移民的深層結構、兩岸毒品走私現況和未來發展、跨境組織犯罪、恐怖活動發展趨勢等課題,並提出因應建議。
96

水庫移民政策轉變與執行:以瀾滄江為例 / Dam-induced Resettlement Along the Lancang River: Policy Change and Implementation

李泳雯, Sabrina Habich Unknown Date (has links)
中國經濟的快速成長導致電力需求的急劇增教。雖然現在主要仍是以煤炭的方式提供全國的電力,但中國政府也一直在尋找能有效降低環境污染的替代能源。因此“水力發電”在中國能源政策扮演的角色越來越重要--這時,擁有巨大水資源的雲南省就變成了中國西南的關鍵提電者之一。過去二十年之內,已有企業與政府針對該省重點的水力設施進行大量投資。然而,發展水電雖然有助於生產大量的電,也帶來眾多環境和社會層面的影響。中國政府承認這些反面的影響,因此開始了設計一系列水電發展政策來預防可能的嚴重後果。 本論文分析中國中央政府和雲南地方政府共同制定的水電移民政策,以及新政策對當地執行過程所帶來的影響。基於多元的田野調查,本論文顯示地方政府如何落實中央政府制定的政策。雖然這幾年中國的水庫移民政策有大量的改進,但因為建設大水電站涉及層面廣,時間長,安置過程久,所以中央政府政策的彈性調整,造成當地政府執行過程對不同時間的移民外置帶來不對等的安置,因此印發水庫移民的方抗。 / Policy-making of dam-induced resettlement is a dynamic process that shows how group interests have been distributed and adjusted during different stages of water resource development in China. Since 1949, China’s political direction, economic system and its national strength have been in constant flux, reflecting in the policy towards land appropriation and resettlement induced by water conservancy and hydropower projects. The present study focuses on the changes that have taken place in the area of dam-induced resettlement policy after 2006 when the first regulations on resettlement caused by water resource and hydropower projects were amended. It shows how this policy change is perceived by villagers relocated in the course of dam construction, and addresses the question of why policy improvements have not led to desired results. The paper first addresses policy change in the area of dam-induced resettlement over the past six decades. In subsequent sections, I draw on findings gathered during my doctoral fieldwork to demonstrate how the recent improvement of resettlement regulations for water resource and hydropower projects at the central level are translated into implementation strategies at the local level in Yunnan. I show that while delegating the implementation of resettlement processes to the lowest level of the administrative hierarchy allows for innovative policy experimentation and flexible adaptation, the long timespan needed for the construction of large dam projects gives rise to uneven policy implementation and resistance on the side of resettled communities.
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Interprovincial migration among chinese skilled worker immigrants to Quebec

Fan, Yaling 04 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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