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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

VIX 選擇權之評價及其隱含波動度之探討 / Valuation and implied volatility of VIX options

黃暐能 Unknown Date (has links)
CBOE於2006年2月推出了VIX選擇權,本論文利用2006年2月24日至2010年6月30日的VIX選擇權資料,計算出其隱含波動度,結果發現VIX選擇權的隱含波動度具有以下性質:(1)隱含波動度隨著價內外程度的提高而上升,故其笑狀波幅大致呈現由左下至右上的型態;(2)隱含波動度隨著到期時間的減少而上升,愈長期的合約平均來說隱含波動度愈低;(3)隨著到期時間的減少,笑狀波幅的斜率更為增加,即隨著到期日的接近,微笑波幅更為陡峭,價內和價外選擇權的隱含波動度的差距加大;(4)VIX和VIX的波動度具有正向的不對稱關係,即VIX的上漲將使VIX波動度上升,且VIX上漲使VIX波動度上升的幅度大於VIX下跌使VIX波動度下降的幅度。 VIX選擇權中,除了價內外程度,到期時間也扮演著相當重要的角色。不論是從樣本內的配適度或是從評價結果來看,加入到期時間因子後,誤差都有大幅的改善,顯示到期時間對於評價選擇權價格很重要,以價內外程度和到期時間作為解釋變數的模型在評價上擁有最高的準確度,而且評價誤差相當穩定,在各個年度當中並沒有明顯的落差。 而本文最佳的模型與Wang & Daigler (2011)使用過去各個模型得到的評價誤差作比較,即便和Wang認為最佳的Whaley模型相比,誤差仍然勝過Whaley模型,因此我們可以推論市場上的交易者或許仍然是採用較簡單的方式來評價選擇權,而非透過類似Lin & Chang此類複雜的模型。
2

Edgeworth 級數在選擇權定價之應用及實證研究 / Option pricing using Edgeworth series with empirical study

黃國倫, Huang,kuo lun Unknown Date (has links)
被廣泛應用在選擇權定價的Black-Scholes 模型[3] 時常在深價內與深價外 的選擇權價格有錯價的現象,也就是理論價格估計實際市場價格的偏差。藉由 Black-Scholes 評價公式所反推出的隱含波動度往往不像我們所期待的在不同履約價格具有一致性,這種現象被稱為波動度的微笑曲線。在這份論文裡,我們參考Jarrow and Rudd [13] 提出的方法,將Edgeworth展開式套用在Black-Scholes模型作延伸應用,進而推導出偏態峰態修正後的的評價公式,再利用台指選擇權的市場資料作實證分析並與Filho and Rosenfeld [1] 的研究作比較。我們發現從台指選擇權的實證結果得到非常態分配的隱含偏態和隱含峰態。此外,理論價格的估計偏誤比例顯著的被新的模型改善且隱含波動度的微笑曲線也變的較為平坦,這個方法提供我們一個有效的方法,利用標的資產的偏態峰態得到該資產的近似分配。 / The Black-Scholes [3] option pricing model widely applied in option contracts frequently misprices deep-in-the-money and deep-out-of-the-money options. The implied volatilities computed by the Black-Scholes formula are not identical on each strike price as we expect. This phenomenon is called the volatility smile or skew. In this thesis, we derived a skewness- and kurtosis-adjusted option pricing model using an Edgeworth expansion constructed by Jarrow and Rudd [13] to an investigation of TAIEX option prices and compare the results with those in Filho and Rosenfeld [1]. We found that non-normal skewness and kurtosis are implied by TAIEX option returns. Moreover, the magnitude of price deviations were signicantly corrected and the volatility skew is attened. This approach provides an useful way to derive an approximate distribution of a underlying security with its skewness and kurtosis.
3

房屋仲介業之品牌經營與管理---以信義豪宅為例

吳銘鴻 Unknown Date (has links)
有關一般消費性產品品牌經營與管理的研究很多,反觀對於高總價消費產品的品牌研究似乎較少。因為金字塔頂端的消費者比較不好捉摸,又對於實際案例的取得有所侷限,如果能有機會將這個高端族群的品牌經營做一番更深入的研究,對國內高總價的產品行銷將有很大的幫助。 本研究課題即從產業的角度直接切入,從高總價的豪宅著手研究,探討台灣房屋仲介業第一品牌「信義房屋」如何切入高總價的住宅來經營品牌與管理品牌! 本研究動機也試圖在「高端消費者」中找到關鍵成功因素,並從服務業行銷的角度進一步去發現另外一個P的效應,也就是Public Relations,印證豪宅行銷組合是可藉由公關運作拓展更多的人脈,進而達成產品交易與服務滿意的雙重目的。 本研究將品牌之經營與管理分為幾個部分進行: 一、探討房屋仲介事業在高總價市場(俗稱豪宅)的特性型態 二、探討個案公司在高總價市場自創品牌之歷程 三、探討品牌在房屋仲介業中之關鍵成功因素 四、描述及分析房屋仲介業品牌之策略價值 五、透過房屋仲介事業之研究,提供學術界及房屋仲介事業有關品牌各主體最佳實務(Best Practice)的發展基礎及架構 研究結果除了對自身企業的品牌經營管理有更多的深思與探討之外,同時也將高總價產品的實務操作經驗分享給更多人,希望各界人士能給予批評與指教,讓信義房屋能不斷學習與持續改善,以回饋廣大的客戶。當然也希望這份研究報告能對產業的提昇有所幫助,尤其是房仲業與建築業的交流與合作。
4

隨機波動下的二元樹狀模型之探討

黃大展 Unknown Date (has links)
自1980年代後期Hull & White、Wiggins、Johnson & Shanno等人相繼發表關於隨機波動度模型的文獻後,就有諸多的文獻對於在選擇權定價中考慮隨機波動度作更深入的分析與模型探討,然而關於隨機波動度的研究,在早期大多採用蒙地卡羅模擬法來分析選擇權的價格行為,但蒙地卡羅模擬法受限於運算效率不高與缺乏彈性,故在評價新奇選擇權,如美式選擇權、障礙選擇權時,並無法應用。故本文以Leisen(2000)的二元樹狀模型出發,探討在不同相關係數及參數設定下之各類選擇權的定價、避險參數及隱含波動度曲面模擬計算等主題。 最後我們得到下面幾點結論: 1.在收斂速度與運算效率方面,我們可以發現二元樹狀模型在分割期數n大於20時,計算價格與收斂價格的差距就非常微小,而若我們計算不同切割期數的最大價格差異也會發現其實都不到百分之一,因此整體而言,收斂速度是令人非常滿意的。 2.當期初波動度提高時,會縮小價外選擇權與B-S價格之間的價格誤差。當到期期限增加時,隱含波動度曲線會有整體提高的趨勢。 3.若提高波動係數σ為2.5時,則不論相關係數的正負情形,價內外的程度,皆會大幅提高選擇權的隱含波動度。而在相關係數為-0.5的時候,可以發現實證中常觀察到的隱含波動度微笑曲線,這可能代表著市場上的波動係數比我們預期中的都還來的高。 4.在進行不同相關係數及不同價內外程度下二元樹狀與單元樹狀模型的美式選擇權價格比較時,我們可以發現,若以二元樹狀模型為正確價格,當相關係數為負的時候,在價外的時候,單元樹狀模型有價格低估的現象,在價內的時候,則有價格高估的現象,而在相關係數為正的時候,則反之。 5.Leisen二元樹狀與封閉解的歐式向上出局賣權價格比較,在特定的參數設定之下,Leisen二元樹狀模型在評價歐式向上出局賣權的時候,當相關係數為負的時候,在價外的時候,模型價格會高於封閉解,在價內的時候,模型價格則會低於封閉解,而在相關係數為正的時候,則反之。
5

台灣「MIT微笑」共同標章知覺品質,知覺價值與購買意願,滿意度關係之研究 / A study of the relationship among perceived quality,perceived value, customer satisfaction and purchase intention of the joined brand “MIT”

黃琇盈 Unknown Date (has links)
因應全球經濟貿易自由化趨勢,政府近來積極推動ECFA(兩岸經濟合作架構協議Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement),隨著雙邊貿易自由化,陸製產品的廉價優勢對台灣產業、內需市場帶來經濟衝擊,為此經濟部針對弱勢產業擬定強化輔導措施,規劃並協助國內產業推動台灣「MIT微笑」標章,藉由標章推動,使台灣人民加強對台製產品的辨識、認同與支持。 由於台灣現階段認證標章多以產業各自發展認證機制,消費者在辨識上呈現零散狀態缺乏統合辨識。因此透過台灣「MIT微笑」標章的推動,有助於整合各產業標章,達到消費者一致性辨識效果。本研究由品牌觀點切入,從消費者端出發,藉由質化與量化之研究方法,透過問卷調查及深度訪談方式,了解消費者對台灣「MIT微笑」標章的知覺品質、知覺價值,及如何影響其購買意圖及滿意度。另外本研究也加入品牌接觸點的概念,了解消費者品牌接觸歷程,以期提出有效的台灣「MIT微笑」標章推廣策略。 研究結果發現,知覺品質、知覺價對購買意願及滿意度皆有正向顯著的影響,其中知覺價值較知覺品質有更高的影響力,消費者偏好MIT標章產品乃在於其在知覺品質中提供的耐久、可靠進一步形塑安全感、品質保障等情感價值、品質功能與價格功能而影響購買意願,社會認同價值在實際購買行為上則作用不大。另外研究也發現,現階段MIT標章推廣面臨的問題在於消費者對於MIT標章的辨識模糊、認知薄弱因此滿意度低,縱使消費者有超過八成的購買意願及偏好度,但在未能正確辨識之下MIT標章所發揮的功能便十分有限,因此本研究以促進消費者認知深度與廣度出發提出MIT標章行銷推廣建議。
6

垂直成長策略之研究-以3C周邊業者為例 / Vertical growing strategy – The case of a 3C peripheral firm

劉恕偉 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,智慧型手機、平板電腦、筆記型電腦、隨身多媒體播放器、車用資訊與娛樂系統、蘋果產品及各式各樣手持裝置蓬勃成長,連帶也帶動了周邊產業的發展。3C周邊產業的特性是產品包羅萬象,技術領域高度多樣化,一個以代工為基礎的廠商,較為穩健的成長策略應是以原本的核心技術為基礎,逐步向上下游佈局,此即是所謂的垂直成長。垂直成長策略最重要的參考依據是施振榮所提出的產業附加價值曲線。以3C產業而言,位於中心點的是製造代工,是附加價值較低的一環;創意、服務與設計位於微笑曲線的左端;行銷與品牌位於微笑曲線的右端。線型中間低兩側高,故又名微笑曲線。 本研究發現,以3C周邊產業為例,垂直發展向左側的方向,是以核心能力為主之關鍵組件的產品設計研發與製造。核心能力的深度與廣度會決定最終產品的競爭力,因此要發展並架構各種包含產品設計、塑膠、模具、五金、電子、包裝設計等等核心能力。針對這些差異性甚大的核心技術能力,企業的構建方式,是要有計畫地採用自行設廠生產、或是掌握設計但將生產外包、或是獨立新的事業單位、或是併購或合資的方式成立獨立單位來運作。都是向上游發展的策略方向。 向右的發展的主體是品牌及對應的品牌精神與品牌定位。品牌的精神是要整合創意及設計,並且要有行銷及通路佈局的能力。如果最終產品跨越不同的產品領域或是目標客戶群太過廣泛,就要做多品牌的切割。而行銷與通路經營則是在地化的服務,不同的地點或國家都需要有完整的行銷、客戶服務、庫存及後勤支援。 上述的發展不論是不同的生產能力或多品牌或各地通路,都要結合不同能力的個人及群體,要因應政治經濟環境的現實,以及要考量不同領域所需要的管理現實與企業文化的差異性,應將不同功能性的工作群體予以分拆,成為獨立的事業單位或子公司,較能發揮出較好的綜效及彈性。尤其是品牌事業,為了要避免與代工客戶競爭的疑慮,更應當用獨立公司來發展。而總公司應要統籌包含前瞻技術發展、財務管理、資訊管理、人力資源管理、智財與法務等共同的價值活動以求最大的綜效,如何做妥善的分工與規劃,這些都是採行垂直發展成長策略所要面對的挑戰。 / In recent years, Smartphone, tablet PCs, notebooks, MP3 / 4, GPS, mobile TV, car information and entertainment system, Apple products and all kinds of handheld devices have vigorous growth which also promotes the development of peripheral industries. However, the 3C industry itself and the techniques are with great diversity. An OEM/ODM based company should use “Vertical Integration” as its growth strategy, which emphasize the importance of core technology and develop gradually different companies in a supply chain. The smiling curve proposed by Stan Shih would be the most important reference. Take 3C industry as example, the middle of the smiling curve is the function of OEM, which creates the minimum value; the creativity, services and design are located at the left side of the curve, and the right side are the marketing and branding. The middle of the curve is lower while both sides are higher; that’s why we named it “Smiling Curve”. We take 3C industry as example in this research. For 3C industry, the design, R&D and production will be the core competencies when developing up to the left side of the curve. These competencies include product design, plastic design, mold design, hardware design, electronics design, package design...etc. To build up these core competencies, establishing an own plant, taking the part of design then outsourcing the production, settling a new, independent business unit…etc could be directions when integrating the upstream of the industry. On the right side of the curve will be the development of brand. The spirit of the brand is to integrate the originality and the design, and to have the ability of marketing and planning the layout of the channels. However, the marketing management and channels management provide localized services, which means that different places or countries should well supported with marketing strategy, customer services and stocks. In the process of vertical integration mentioned above, in order to combine individuals and groups with different ability, to respond to the political and economic environments and to considerate the cultural divergence in different companies, the better way is to divide the different function group into an independent business unit or firm to ensure the synergistic effect and flexibility. Especially when building an own brand, to develop an independent company would be a better decision considering the concerns of the OEM/ODM customers. On the other hand, the headquarters should make overall arrangement to assure the synergistic effect of common value activities. All these are the challenge when using the vertical integration strategy.
7

SABR模型與SABR-LMM模型之實證分析 / Empirical Analysis of SABR Model and SABR-LMM Model

毛迦南, Mau,Cha-Nan Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文驗證SABR模型與SABR-LMM模型的動態設定與市場選擇權價格下標的未來價格之隱含分配是否一致,判斷準則為SABR模型與SABR-LMM模型校準出的參數是否符合市場直覺。根據實證結果答案是肯定的,所以在SABR模型與SABR-LMM模型下評價選擇權不需要再做任何的主觀判斷或調整。此外本篇論文對於SABR模型與SABR-LMM模型的參數校準方法做了詳細的分析,並且清楚的閳述SABR模型與SABR-LMM模型的模型直覺。
8

選擇權日內隱含波動度曲線交易策略 / Intraday Option Implied Volatility Curve Trading Strategy

劉易霖 Unknown Date (has links)
由於一般投資人在買進或賣出選擇權時,並不會同時買進多個履約價的選擇權,故會造成選擇權隱含波動度的微笑曲線出現有不連續的現象。本文嘗試運用台指選擇權建構一個日內的隱含波動度微笑曲線交易策略,利用曲線配適的方法來捕捉瞬間時點下隱含波動度曲線發生不連續的現象,雖然最後出來的損益並不如預期但還是驗證了台指選擇權市場有多次這種不連續的機會且價格失衡的狀態會回歸正常。 / Option’s implied volatility smile curves discontinuous phenomenon exists when general investors buy or sell options, they won’t buy in every strike’s options. This paper attempts to use Taiwan Index Options (trading code: TXO) to construct a trading strategy based on the implied volatility. We use curve fitting method to capture volatility smile curve’s instant discontinuous. Although we find out that the strategy won’t make a profit, there were several times when TXO market’s implied volatility smile curves were discontinuous, and the market option price will eventually go back to the theoretical price.
9

文藝復興晚期歐洲關於笑的解釋 / The explanation of laughter in the late renaissance Europe

李佩樺, Li, Pei Hua Unknown Date (has links)
文藝復興時期人文主義學者關心人的課題,無論是宗教、文學、音樂、藝術等生活各個面向都可見其端倪,影響深遠甚至觸及感情和心理層面,這是從天國到塵世一個思想流變的過程。作為基本情緒表達,笑成為當代思想討論不可或缺一部分。由於崇尚古典文明,當時不少著名思想家重新檢視蘇格拉底、柏拉圖和亞里斯多德的作品,進而接觸希臘、羅馬時代重要議題:喜劇笑鬧是否合於禮教,由此他們展開笑的適切性辯證,如維渥斯(Juan Luis Vives , 1492-1540)在《靈魂的情緒》(The Passions of the Soul, 1538)裡面一章〈笑〉(Laughter)談到他對於笑和喜悅的看法,文詞間顯然承襲自古典學派的說法。同一時期,熟讀醫學典籍的醫家卻有其他觀察。像是法蘭西醫生茹貝爾(Laurent Joubert, 1529-1582)於1579 年出版醫學典籍《笑論》(Treatise of Laughter, 1579),內文強調笑對身體療效,敘述人們透過這一行為改變不平衡的精神狀態,保持心智健全。不過,誠如文化史學家揭示般,整體而言,社會普遍存在縱情言笑的限制。綜觀文藝復興時期笑的論述,於古典體系底下,百花齊放,引起各方爭論的癥結點在於:到底引起笑的根本原因是什麼?這一問題影響日後歐洲思想發展,並且形成心理學的理論基礎。那麼,各家說法之間到底有什麼相似和差異?其論述的歷史發展如何?不同時代有關笑的醫學論述,是否存在連續與斷裂面向呢?其次,造成轉變的原因又是何在?本文試圖藉分析當代知識分子對於笑存在不同說法,藉此理清歷史演變的軌跡並回答問題。 本論文共計四章,第一章考察希臘羅馬時期哲學家和文人學者對於笑的態度, 同時介紹古典醫學理論,以了解文藝復興晚期歐洲的知識份子具有的情緒觀念, 以及背後存在的歷史淵源。第二章主要分析維渥斯與茹貝爾對於笑的看法,並且 描述中古時期基督教會系統如何解釋笑,以及中古世紀的醫學發展。第三章闡述 十七世紀有關笑的醫學論述,本文將深入探討十七世紀的醫學文獻,主要說明醫 者如何透過以體液說為主的古代醫學理論,綜合外在因素與身體內部的運行方式, 剖析笑的現象;另一方面,分析他們是怎麼透過解剖學知識來解釋笑發生的原因。 第四章為本文結論,根據前三章的分析,綜觀文藝復興晚期文人學者與醫家的理 論皆源自希臘和羅馬時期,爾後各自發展一套論述,哲學思想與古代醫學兩大理 論系統,共同形塑十六、十七世紀歐洲笑的觀念與情緒表達的方式。 / In the Renaissance, humanists concerned about issues regarding mankind, which is reflected on aspects of life including religion, literature, music, and arts, etc. This far-reaching influence even touches the emotional and psychological facets, representing a transformational process of thoughts from heaven to the mundane world. As a basic emotional expression, laughter has always been indispensable in the discussion on thoughts in the contemporary era. At that time, because of their appreciation for classical culture, many well-known thinkers re-examined the works of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. They then contacted the important issues of ancient Greece and Rome: whether laughter and joy in the comedy conformed to ethics; hence dialectic about the appropriateness of laughter began. For instance, one of the chapters in The Passions of the Soul, namely “Laughter”, Juan Luis Vives talked about his viewpoints of laughter and joy, which, between the lines, apparently followed the classicism. In the same period, a French doctor, Laurent Joubert, published a medical book titled Treatise of Laughter in 1579, emphasizing the curative effect of laughter and suggested that through this behavior people could treat their mental disorders and keep themselves healthy, physically and emotionally. However, as cultural historians revealed, in general, the content of constraints on laughing to one’s heart had commonly existed in the society. Overall, under the classical system, discourses on laughter in the Renaissance flourished, and the principles underlying different arguments lied on the reasons pertaining to the causes of the external behavior of laughter. This question influenced the later development of European thoughts, and formed the theoretical basis of psychology. Thus, what are the similarities and differences among various schools? How had their discourses developed? Are the medical discourses on laughter in the late Renaissance Europe continuous or discontinuous? In addition, what caused the transformation? The thesis tries to analyze the accounts of intellectuals in the late Renaissance Europe to figure out the historical developments and answer the questions above. This thesis has four chapters. The first chapter investigates the attitudes of the philosophers and humanists in ancient Greece and Rome towards laughter, and provides an introduction to the classical medical theory for understanding the historical context behind the emotional concepts of the intellectuals in the late Renaissance Europe. The second chapter focus on analyzing Vives’s and Joubert’s ideas on laughter. In addition, this chapter describes Christian interpretation of laughter and the development of medicine in the Middle Age. Chapter Three expounds the medical discourses on laughter in the seventeenth century, and will give an in-depth discussion on the contemporary medical literature to illustrate how doctors explained the cause of laughter through anatomy and how they, based on the ancient medical theory on Humourism, analyzed laughter by combining the external factors and the internal operation in the body. Chapter Four sums up the thesis. Based on the previous three chapters, all the theories of the humanists and doctors derived from ancient Greece and Rome, and developed into two main theoretical systems, philosophy and medical science, respectively. Together they shaped the concept of laughter and emotional expressions in the sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe.
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事件行銷滿意度與忠誠度之研究- 以天下雜誌「微笑台灣319鄉+」活動為例 / A Research on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty of event marketing- a case study of Taiwan’s 319 townships

徐子玉 Unknown Date (has links)
因應多變的市場環境,近年來「事件行銷」已成為各大企業熱門的行銷手法。本研究以天下雜誌主辦的「微笑台灣319鄉」活動為個案,從活動參與者觀點來了解企業舉辦事件行銷活動的成效。本研究首先進行針對活動參與者進行焦點團體訪談,以得知民眾實際參與情形,並參考過去相關研究發展出調查問卷,透過網路連結方式收集資料,探究活動參與者的特性、參與動機、參與行為、整體活動滿意度及忠誠度,以及參與此事件活動對企業產品交叉購買意願(購買天下雜誌產品)。同時本研究也深度訪談天下雜誌內部主管及相關企劃人員,以了解「微笑台灣319鄉」活動架構與運作模式等。本研究成果可針對此事件活動提出具體建議,並提供未來企業界在策劃類似活動時之參考。

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