近年來我國在高等教育的學校與人數上均有大幅的成長。而這些豐富的研究人力，需要充沛的研究經費予以支援學術研究工作。實務上，我國於開放高等教育機構的設立後，各界所提供的研發經費並未相對應的增加，各校為因應整體環境趨勢的改變，乃積極研議如何強化學術研究成果的擴散，以提升學術聲望並獲得更多的實質效益。本研究在此情境下，試圖從國內大學之知識創新的實務發展，建構一套研究成果擴散效益的運作模式。 大學知識產業化是知識經濟發展的趨勢，尤其基礎研究是技術發展與應用研究的主要來源。大學知識創新過程是科學知識在創新系統內的生產、運用與擴散的過程。而建立有效的成果管理機制，減少外在環境的不確定性並改善知識流動的效率，是創新系統成功的關鍵。 鑑於大學係國家創新系統的重要成員之一，而創新的效率取決於系統內各成員之財務、知識、人力與法規的交流，即所謂的「三螺旋(Triple Helix)」的觀念。因此，為尋求最佳的創新系統，亟須建立有效的衡量項目，並促使創新成果在市場機制的導引下，獲得知識創新與擴散的經濟效益。如美國為因應創新系統失靈，於1980年以後，研訂一連串的相關法令，透過研發經費的補助、智財權下放與鼓勵設置專責技轉單位等措施，刺激大學將豐富的研究產出移轉到產業界，政府的研究資源分配亦更加重視目標導向與產業導向的發展計畫，結果所獲得的回收遠超過預期，其作法吸引世界各國競相仿效。我國亦於近年來透過相關法令的制定以及經費補助等措施，期望將大學的研究產出從知識的創造轉變為知識的加值與運用，以帶動產業知識化，並促進知識產業化之效益。 因此，欲探討大學的成果擴散效益時，不只是依循過去大多數學者從產學合作的觀點，更應考量政府在創新過程中所扮演的角色與功能，以及將衡量國家創新系統績效之方法運用到大學的成果擴散效益的呈現上，以建立適合我國大學創新成效的衡量模式。 本研究架構從教師的「研究人力」、「研究經費」以及「產學關係」等三構念探究對於「研究產出」以及成果推廣所產生的「擴散效益」之關聯，另外，再從學校的研究成果「管理機制」以及「政府措施」等二構念探究對於其他構念所帶來的影響，以瞭解彼此之關聯，並建立適合我國大學研究投入、產出以及擴散的運作模式。 因此，除了收集國內外的文獻以歸納整理美日等國在大學研究成果擴散效益的探討內容與衡量項目外，並透過問卷調查與實地訪問國內大學教師與研究成果推廣中心(或技轉中心)主管，以瞭解國內大學研究成果的實務運作，以獲得本研究的初步架構，繼而從美日以及我國大學的個案研究，探討國家創新系統的角色所帶來的影響，以強化研究架構之各構念的關聯性。 其次，採取初級資料的收集方法，以國內大學校院教師為問卷調查對象，進行敘述統計以計算樣本的各項指標分布狀況，以信效度指標確認問卷的可靠性與有效性，並運用探索性因素分析來萃取出本研究重要之變數，再以線性結構關係模型分析本研究變數之間的關係，以驗證各構念彼此之間的關聯性。 本研究獲得以下的結論： 一、「研究人力」與其他構念之關聯 「研究人力」對「產學關係」有直接的正向影響，對「研究經費」、「研究產出」與「擴散效益」則有間接的正向影響效果，而且整體的影響效果是顯著的。所以，研究人力是成果散效益的基本要素，配合其他構念的運作可以對研發成果之擴散效益產生正向的影響。 二、「研究經費」與其他構念之關聯 「研究經費」對於「研究產出」與「擴散效益」均沒有顯著的正向影響。顯示一味強調大學研究經費投入的作法無法帶來實質的成效，反而浪費有限的資源，因此，研究經費投入前，宜先制定一套評估機制，充分考量學校的研究人力、以往的研究產出與擴散效益之表現，以有效地配置研究經費。 三、「研究產出」與其他構念之關聯 「研究產出」對於「擴散效益」有直接的正向影響，表示大學教師所創造出來的成果越多，則相對地促使成果擴散的效益越大。此外，研究產出的增加亦可影響其他構念對「擴散效益」的關聯性。因此，為提高擴散效益，學校宜積極鼓勵教師增加研究成果的產出。 四、「產學關係」與其他構念之關聯 「產學關係」除了對「研究產出」與「研究經費」產生直接的正向影響外，亦間接影響「研究經費」與「研究產出」分別對「擴散效益」的關聯性。顯示產學關係可彌補大學與企業的技術落差，提高產業對學校研究成果之需求，促使教師研究產出的擴散效益更佳。 五、「管理機制」與其他構念之關聯 「管理機制」對「產學關係」與「擴散效益」均有直接的正向影響，顯示學校在成果管理與運用的積極作為(如技轉單位的設置、技轉人員的規模與培訓、獎勵措施的制定等)以及促進產學之間的關係可提高研究成果推廣所帶來的效益。 六、政府措施與其他構念之關聯 「政府措施」不但對「擴散效益」有直接的正向影響，亦對「產學關係」有直接的正向影響，此外，對「研究經費」與「研究產出」亦有間接的正向影響。因此，未來應加強我國政府的角色，充分發揮驅動與強化的功能，解決大學研究成果擴散的管制與障礙、營造產學研發資源共享環境以提高大學研究產出的擴散效益。 / After the government lifted the restriction on the number of higher education institutes, in the past two decades the number of university in Taiwan has increased dramatically (16 in 1986, and 102 in 2008). The government apparently could not match up this increase, with its slow pace of education budget increase. The shortage of development funds from governmental agency in charge is no doubt obvious for all universities. Therefore, to receive an ample share of governmental education budget has become competitive and even difficult. As the global economy weighs more on the generation and dissemination of knowledge nowadays, universities seems to see themselves clearer in the business picture for their role on the economic market. University officials and the government both also understand that a productive conversion of university intellectual assets, referring to knowledge-based creation or innovation, to innovation-derived benefit can be crucial for future university development. Thus, not only the university finance will be improved, its academic performance shall also be expected to enhance when this conversion is being well performed productively. An innovation management system here refers to a university system to manage its intellectual capital, such as support and process infrastructures, in facilitating the conversion process that enable the university to convert its intellectual assets into commercially viable properties. An important aspect of this study is to analyze national and international innovation management systems currently practiced in universities for greatest innovation-derived benefit. In the current of knowledge–based economic development, the knowledge-based innovations owned by universities is inevitably weighed more than ever in value. Many Universities may fall in a dilemma about how to weigh market–oriented research in comparison with fundamental scientific knowledge, since the latter never the less could lead to market–oriented innovation in the future. Furthermore, to maximize the value of innovation, it is commonly accepted that a proper management for conversion is almost as important as the producing of it. When it comes to determine the value or the benefit the innovations could bring, other than university’s innovation capability, which tends to have the potential to incubate more research outcomes, the performance of innovation management system is one of the most decisive factors. To achieve a good performance, three conditions are proposed to maintain an efficient innovation management system: an effective management mechanism, reduce adverse influences on incubating innovation assets, and increase knowledge sharing. The maintenance of such a system is then further categorized as seven conceptual indices (CIs) for later evaluation: research manpower, research grant, innovation outcomes, management mechanism, university-industry relations, government policy, and innovation-derived benefit. The first four are regarded as part of intellectual capital, while the other three are considered as strongly linked to the performance of the innovation management system currently being operated in Taiwan’s universities. They will be discussed in connection the first five CIs for their inter-relations. Since universities is under the scheme of National Innovation Systems (NIS), which covers primarily a finance and service system, a technological innovation system, and a knowledge-based innovation system, any management taking place in a university on each of any sub-system under the NIS will affect the NIS to some extent. By the same token, considering those mentioned above several conceptual indices are proposed to elucidate the results of the evaluation model applied in this study to examine similar management systems in different universities for comparison. This evaluation model is expected to help optimize the current managerial models to best meet the knowledge-based economic development needs and enlarge the innovation-derived benefit from university innovation assets. Prior to 1980s, the promotion on innovation in the U.S. was generally considered failed. To save the failing systems, the U.S. government announced a series of new regulations to promote the capitalization of academic innovations by universities. Those policy measures mainly included governmental subsidy to research grants, less constraints on intellectual property (IP) licensing, and start-ups for IP transfer. Furthermore, the government diverted more its research support into market-oriented development projects. Since such moves later resulted in a positive outcome beyond expectation, Taiwan as well as some other countries began to replicate those measures in their own countries. As the sources of future development increasingly depend on the derived benefit from innovation, the success of NSI originated by the U.S. government has indicated a new approach different from previously predominated models of solely university-industry cooperation. The involvement of government role in the NSI has been proved essential for its success. Similarly, the innovation management system being operated with the university intellectual capital to enhance the conversion to innovation-derived benefit is defined as the innovation assets management system (IAMS). It can be considered as a sub-system of the NSI, and the use of the evaluation model to examine the IAMSs can properly shows the difference among all the IAMSs by university. Furthermore, the evaluation model proposed takes account of surveys including interviews with IP transfer professionals and research professors. Cases of universities practicing the IAMS along with others published in literature are also studied to help access the relations among index items in the model. The model is constructed with several measures, including Structural Equation Model (SEM), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), to evaluate the performance of the IAMS on successful conversion from intellectual assets into benefit. The model results are depicted with CIs as the conclusions. A qualitative survey is carried out on the evaluation of inter-relations among the seven CIs described above with Taiwan’s university educators as respondents. Confidence interval is applied to assure data reliability and validity. Significant model variables are identified using the explorative factor analysis. Finally the linear regression is applied to examine the relations among those CIs. The results of this study can be concluded as the following: 1.Research manpower It has positive influence directly towards university-industry cooperation when affecting positively towards research grant, innovation outcomes and innovation-derived benefit. The result suggests that it be the fundamental CI responsible to innovation-derived benefit. And along with other CIs, this CI could result in a comprehensive enhancement on the innovation-derived benefit. 2.Research grant It shows less significant effect over innovation outcomes and innovation-derived benefit. This conclusion indicates that the scale of innovation outcomes will not necessarily in proportion to the financial investment on research. It is suggested that a comprehensive evaluation on research manpower, innovation capability, and research capacity, etc. should be conducted prior to market-oriented investment on research. 3.Innovation outcomes This term shows a positive relation with the innovation-derived benefit. It is easy to understand that university educators with more innovation outcomes tend to receive more innovation-derived benefit. Furthermore, increase in innovation outcomes will also help induce stronger links among the other CIs towards the innovation-derived benefit. Thus, encouraging educators for more innovation outcomes is no doubt a good measure for universities. 4.University-industry relations University-industry relations bear positive influence to innovation outcomes and research grant. It also shows its positive effect on the relations between research grant to innovation-derived benefit and between innovation outcomes to innovation-derived benefit. The role of university-industry relations can be depicted as to lessen the technological gap between university and industry, facilitate the industry need for university innovation outcomes, and multiply innovation-derived benefit. 5.Management mechanism The management mechanism shows positive influence on university-industry relations and innovation-derived benefit. An effective management mechanism on innovation outcomes would directly lead to excellent benefit derived from innovation outcomes. 6.Government policy Government policy shows straight links to university-industry relations and innovation-derived benefit. It also indicates an indirect effect on enhancing both research grant and innovation outcomes. In the future, the government should play a key role in promoting universities to practice such a system and help resolve difficulties arisen.

近年來，社會經濟進步，對「不動產估價」之需求日益殷切，例如投資房地產、利用房地產來進行借貸行為等各項需要，在在皆得依靠不動產估價的技術，因此提升了社會上對不動產估價的重視。而在今日科技如此蓬勃發展的資訊時代，若能將不動產估價的技術與電腦的數位技術相互結合，藉由電腦的強大計算能力與快速的回應能力，相信必能提升不動產估價的技術及準確度。 　所以本研究致力於將不動產估價與電腦科技相結合，期望能提升不動產估價的準確度，除了利用其強大的計算能力之外，本研究更進一步地將不動產估價動作與地理資訊系統ＧＩＳ（Geographic Information System）相結合，利用ＧＩＳ強大的地理資料處理能力，希望能將不動產估價的技術提昇至更高的境界。 　本研究的研究過程為先對不動產估價之理論與方法進行研究，並尋找出不動產估價時的程序及其所需要考量的事項，在整理融會之後，再進一步地結合ＧＩＳ，以建構出一個以ＧＩＳ為基礎的不動產估價系統。且每當一估價個案完成，系統便自動將此筆估價個案之資料與結果回饋（輸入）給系統，成為一筆新增之買賣實例，如此一來，買賣實例資料庫將會愈來愈大，愈來愈完整，也將會使得系統的估價能力愈準確、可信度愈高。 因為在台灣不動產估價已經逐漸受到社會各界，例如銀行、租賃公司和房屋仲介公司等的重視，所以本研究企圖整理出各種常用估價模式及其所需的資料，並結合地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System，GIS）的技術，建構出一個以ＧＩＳ為基礎的泛用型不動產估價資訊系統之原型，期能藉此提高不動產估價行為的效率與精確度，並希望對ＧＩＳ的應用領域提供一個新的窗口，進而擴大ＧＩＳ的長遠發展。 / Recently, the need for appraisal of real estate is more and more important for people. When we invest the money in the real estate or use real estate to borrow money, we must depend on the technique for appraisal of real estate. Now, we are in the information world. If we can take advantage of the ability of the computer to appraise the real estate, it must be able to promote the technique and accuracy of appraisal in real estate. 　So in this thesis, it was applied to combine the appraisal in real estate and the ability of the computer and it hoped that it could increase the accuracy of appraisal. Besides the computing ability, this thesis wanted to combine the technique GIS (Geographic Information System) and the appraisal in the real estate. It wanted to take advantage of the processing ability in geographic data in GIS to higher the technique in appraising real restate. 　In this thesis, we attempt to arrange some general appraisal models and data the models need and to use the technique of GIS to design a prototype appraisal system. We hope that the system will be able to higher the efficiency and accuracy of appraisal in real estate. And we hope we will create a new way to take advantage of the ability of GIS.

The main idea of this thesis is to discuss the position of religion in contem-portary society. In system language, that is the relationship between contem-portary religious system and its envirnoment.

在資訊爆炸的時代，處於日趨複雜的環境及多重資訊來源管道之下，如何從大量及瑣碎的資訊中找出「重要且有用」的部份，藉以輔助企業或個人制定正確的決策，並降低資訊取得的成本，是資訊人員在設計資訊系統時所必須考量的重要因素之一，因此，資訊篩選(Information filtering)已成為當務之急，更顯示出其重要性。 本研究之主要目的在於整合類神經網路與模糊理論以建立一個通用型資訊篩選之演算法，藉由此演算法可篩選出重要之決策變數，減少資訊的使用量，達到相同或類似的決策結果，進而降低後續資訊蒐集之成本。最後並以四個XOR實驗及國內上市公訂股價預測為例，以測試本研究所開發出來之演算法的正確性及實用性。就XOR實驗結果顯示均能迅速且正確的篩選出重要的輸入資訊；而在股價預測方面，結合基本面分析及技術面分析，根據個別公司的特性及不同的時間點，能夠篩選出其重要的預測變數，可作為股市投資者之重要參考依據。因此，藉由本演算法所開發出來的系統，可以達到資訊篩選的目的。 / At the time of information explosion, how to filter the important and useful parts from a large and trivial information pool is one of the most important factors considering in designing information systems which are used to assist users making right decisions by MIS managers. The purpose of this research is to integrate two technologies. Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Theory, to develop a generalized algorithm to filter important information. We hope that using this algorithm we can (1)filter the important decision variables, (2)decrease the information usage, and (3)reduce the cost of information collection. Finally, we made four experiments on the XOR system and stock market forecasting to test the accuracy and practicability of the information filter algorithm. The results of experiments showed that the algorithm could filter the important information correctly and quickly.

「個案小教授」是一篇探討專家系統方法的研究與應用的探索性論文，主要的應用領域是企管個案教學的輔助教學工具，我們嘗試擴大專家系統的應用的領域，也嘗試去突破一些困難，我們發展出了一個「個案小教授」的雛型。由於專家系統在個案教學上的應用算是首創，如何利用有限的工具來完成千變萬化的個案教學是一大挑戰。本論文將依照知識工程的方法，逐步將個案教學的的精髓融入專家系統的方法中，並以此發現專家系統研究上的一些限制，提供給後續人工智慧與專家系統研究學者參考，使得專家系統能夠跨入更多的領域，幫助人類解決日常決策的問題。本論文採取的研究方法為 　　1.文獻探討：在於整理出發展專家系統的步驟與技術，包括知識擷取方法，知識表現與推理方式，以歸納出知識工程在個案分析教學上應用。 　　2.深入訪談法：知識擷取的工作以知識工程師為界面，透過知識工程師為主導，以交談與口語資料分析(Protocol analysis)等方式將專家知識擷取出來。 　　3.觀察法：利用專家工作的現場與情境實際觀察(使用錄影或是錄音)專家工作方式與推理過程，藉以了解專家知識表現的方式。本研究則是到個案研討的教室實地觀察並記錄司徒達賢教授上課之情形。 　　4.發展系統雛型：專家系統又稱為知識基礎系統(knowledge-based systems)，或知識系統。 　　其系統架構可分為五部份： 　　(1)知識庫(knowledge base)用以儲存專家用以解決問題之知識部份。 　　(2)推理機(inference engine)用以控制推理過程之機制。 　　(3)使用者界面(user interface)用以供使用者友善的解釋及諮詢功能介紹之界面。 　　(4)知識擷取界面(knowledgeacquisition interface)用以提供編輯，增修知識庫之界面。 　　(5)工作記憶區(working memory)用以儲存在推理過程中當時之事實之部份。本研究是以NEURON DATA公司所出品的NEXPERT OBJECT作為系統發展工具，將個案教學專家的知識與推理過程以專家系統加以表現。

現今的時代，面對全球化的競爭態勢、新興市場崛起、能源危機與金融風暴等因素，台灣的企業在大環境不斷變化之下，掌握市場發展動態，即時回應客戶需求，不斷創新產品與服務，是企業維持競爭優勢不二法門。 ERP隨著軟體技術突破和產業生態蛻變的歷程，其系統面貌也隨之轉換，因此ERP不再只是企業功能的資訊化與經營化，更是科技創新的礎石。許多企業將ERP系統當作企業電子化的基礎，更進一步整合其他的資訊系統，如電子商務(EC)、供應鏈管理(SCM)系統、客戶關係管理(CRM)系統、知識管理系統(KMS)、商業智慧(BI)等。 在現今2010年的後金融海嘯時代，當金融海嘯衝擊以後, 各項國內外經濟評估報告均指出經濟已開始復甦，此刻正是企業重整旗鼓逆勢成長的最佳時刻。對於企業來說，企業資源整合管理的落實不僅是其永續經營的成功關鍵，甚至是其生存的命脈。這也是為什麼在經濟不景氣的環境下，仍有許多企業決心導入ERP系統，以及許多國內外調查報告預測ERP系統的需求與產值仍然會持續成長的主要原因。 本研究的動機之一，即是希望企業在經歷產業變化、策略變動與業務規模的改變之下，如果重新評估ERP系統的適用性，不論是ERP系統需做重新建置或階段性轉換，皆可從不同角度重新探討ERP系統開發與導入過 程的重要策略，而能建置一套對企業真正有效益的ERP系統。 許多企業在發展ERP系統的過程中，都以工程與技術的角度去規劃ERP系統的導入，常會遇到預想不到的結果。對於ERP所涉及的企業流程，利害關係人，導入方法，及對業務流程與關係人的影響，企業導入ERP的策略等，需要做仔細的思考及規劃。 本研究發現在個案公司開發及導入ERP系統的過程中，遇到許多的瓶頸，也面臨了很多問題，導入過程中對企業組織產生了很多影響，改變了原有的作業流程，導入實施後增加許多效益，但某些部份仍需持續改進，ERP系統應確保做到系統整合，需重視細部流程整合方面的分析與資料整合方面的分析。找出ERP系統資料與流程之Gap，並應做到變革管理。 / Nowadays, Facing the globalized competition situation, the emerging markets rise, the energy crisis and the financial storm, Taiwan's enterprises is now under the changing and unceasing environment, the only way to hold on the competitive advantage of Taiwan’s enterprises continuously is to find out the market development tendency, and to response to customer demand immediately, and to innovate product and service unceasingly. The ERP system’s appearance had transformed along with the software technology breakthrough and industrial ecology change. Therefore ERP system is no longer only the enterprise computerize and management tools, ERP is even more the basis of the scientific technology innovation. Many company treat the ERP system as the basis of enterprise’s computerize, furthermore to integrate the ERP system with EC, SCM, CRM, KMS, BI……. In the Late-2010s financial crisis time, after the financial crisis, each domestic and foreign economic appraisal report pointed out that the economy started to recover, It’s the best time to restart and grow up at this moment. The realization of the Enterprise resources integration is not only the key successful factor but also the survival life artery. This is why so many enterprises were still determined to implement the ERP System under the economical depression time, and as well as many domestic and foreign invested report forecast that ERP system's demand and the output value will still continue to grow up. One of this research's motivation, is hopes to re-estimate the important strategy of the ERP implementation from the different point of view, hopes to establish the beneficial ERP system. To review the suitability of the ERP System when the enterprises under the industry change, strategy change and business scale changes, no matter to build a new ERP System or ERP system phase transforming, Many enterprises plan the ERP project by the engineering and technical view, It will always occur the unexpected result. It needs to make the careful considering and plans to all the ERP involves, include the business flows, the stake holders, the implemented methodology, the influence, and the implemented strategy…. This research discovery that while the case company developed and implemented ERP system has meets many bottlenecks, and also has faced many problems. It has had many influences to the enterprise organize while implement the ERP system, It has changed the original business flow, and increases many benefits, But still need to continued improved, The ERP system should assured to realize the system integrated, to pay more attention to the analysis of micro process integration and data integration, find out the gap and do the changing management well.

隨全球經濟發展、環保意識抬頭，以及食品安全衛生議題的日益重視，運用資訊科技維護人們食的安全已是一股不可擋的趨勢。本論文以資訊科技導入農產品生產控管以及維護生產品質、建立所謂農產履歷為研究目的；並以豬隻生產為例，深入探討在豬隻的生產過程中如何導入這新的科技技術，以及所搭配的生產履歷資訊平台。 文中首先針對所謂「農產履歷」作一詳細介紹，其中包括農產履歷的來由、推動農產履歷原因，以及目前各國所推展的農產履歷的現況如何。另外，在導入農產履歷之前也必須先了解所謂的「追溯系統」，在農產品整個生產過程中有哪些東西或流程是必須追蹤記錄。 本研究案在眾多的農產品中選擇以豬隻的生產過程作為導入「農產履歷」的研究標的其原因是因為： 1、 豬隻為我國農產品中產值最高。 2、 豬隻的生產過程短，從出生到送入屠宰僅六個半月。 3、 豬隻的生產過程中所需控管的項目較多，例如：飼料、添加劑、藥品、種源等。 本研究選擇以RFID作為農產履歷的記錄介質，在豬隻的身上打上所謂的RFID晶片，借以控管並記錄豬隻的生產過程，然，RFID晶片的外在形式有兩種，一種是外在耳掛式的晶片，稱之為「RFID耳標」，另ㄧ種是皮下植入式的，我們稱之為「植入式晶片」，本研究亦會針對這兩種不同的晶片同時導入加以評估，選擇一個最適合於豬隻生產所應搭配的形式。 除此之外，搭配RFID晶片所需的生產資訊系統，意即「畜牧場管理系統」也是不可或缺的，本研究案同時也針對了該管理系統有一深入的研究並提出該系統的設計理念，以及相關的系統設計方式，以期在本研究結束後能夠提出一套完整的豬隻生產過程的「農產履歷系統」。 / As the global economic development, environmental awareness and the attention to food safety, applying technology to safeguard people's food security is an irreversible trend. The purposes of this paper are to addresses the methods of introducing technology into agricultural production and control, and the maintenance of production quality. Take the production of pigs for example to investigate the introduction of technology to agricultural production as well as the operation and usage of information platform. The thesis is aimed at so-called “agro-biographical”, containing the origins, the motivations and the current status of introduction of agro-biographical all around the world. On the other hand, the so-called "tracing system" is acknowledged before the introduction of agro-biography, which indicates what and how the detailed data should be included or recorded. The case studies were selected in many agricultural production processes as a force to pigs "agro-biographical" because of the research subjects: 1. Pigs generate the highest value among Taiwan’s agricultural products and they are the necessity. 2. The production process of pigs is short, only six and a half months from birth to slaughter. 3. The more attentions are required to pigs production process and control, such as feed, additives, drugs, plant sources. The study selected RFID as agro-biographical recording media, which control and record pig production process. These RFID chips are in two forms, one is the external ear TAGs, the so called “RFID ear TAG”, and the other is in subcutaneous implantation style in the heads, known as “Subcutaneous Implantation TAG”. The study made comparison between these two kinds of RFIDs and the evaluated them to choose the better one. In addition, the mix of RFID chips for the production of information systems, namely, “The livestock management system” is also indispensable. The research also investigated in the management system , concepts of design, and related systems topics. Finally, the results are hoped to make contribution to the introduction of technology to agro-biography.

本研究旨在探討雅美語雙及物結構是否也有與英文，及其他語言如日語、希臘語、國語，一樣有與格轉換的語言現象。雅美語有一特別的強調系統可將名詞組移到主詞的位置上。在探討雅美語的雙及物結構前，必須先探討幾個問題。首先，研究名詞組的格位標記是否會因動詞的性質（動詞的及物性、動詞的論元結構）不同而有所改變，其次，提出論證證明強調系統並不適用於形容雅美語特殊的移位系統，而語態系統較能更進一步的形容此一名詞移位現象。最後，提出雅美語並不是一個作格語言，而是一個valency-neutral的語態系統。解決這些問題後，發現雅美語中也有類似英文中的與格轉換的語言現象，此一發現也驗證了Harley的提案，擁有“有”動詞的語言就會有與格轉換的現象。 / The aim of the present study is to examine the existence of dative alternation in Yami, a language with a rich case marking system, that is similar to Japanese and Greek which are both reported to have dative alternation, as well as very unique ‘focus’ systems that can promote any argument into the subject position. Several issues have to be addressed: first, the case marking on the nominal is investigated in four most commonly observed ‘focus’ constructions from various aspects including degree of transitivity, thematic structure, and event classes,…etc; second, the term ‘focus’ is misleading and is identified as ‘voice’; third, arguments against Yami as an ergative language and supports for a valency-neutral voice system are provided.　Once these basic linguistic properties have been clarified, an examination of trivalent verbs shows positive evidence of dative alternation in Yami. Dative alternation is found with the two trivalent Yami verbs meaning ‘distribute out/give out’ and ‘mail’. This finding is in accordance with Harley’s proposal of the co-existence verbal HAVE and dative alternation, and also suggests that dative alternation is not a language-specific property.

透過數位博物館具有良好資訊組織和經過管理的數位資源，應用於支援數位學習具有極高的發展潛力。而將資訊架構概念導入數位博物館網站設計，有助於發展更優質之數位博物館網站，促使使用者以更有效率的方式取得所需要的典藏資源，達到數位博物館支援終身學習的目的。本研究以Morae 人機互動分析軟體觀察學習者利用數位博物館輔助學習之學習歷程，並經由學習歷程分析探討數位博物館支援數位學習過程中，學習者單獨以數位博物館資訊架構中的組織系統、搜尋系統，以及利用組織系統搭配搜尋系統輔助完成學習任務，對於學習成效、認知負荷、學習效率與任務達成時間的影響差異。 研究結果顯示：(1)搭配使用組織系統及搜尋系統與使用組織系統學習者的學習成效顯著優於使用搜尋系統的學習者；(2)使用搜尋系統的學習者在認知負荷上顯著高於搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統的學習者；(3)搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統的學習者在學習效率上顯著高於使用搜尋系統的學習者；(4)使用組織系統的學習者在任務達成時間上顯著高於使用搜尋系統的學習者；(5)搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統的圖像視覺型學習者在認知負荷上顯著高於口語聽覺型學習者；(6)圖像視覺型的學習者搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統，在學習成效上高於使用搜尋系統；(7)使用組織系統、搜尋系統與搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統高資訊焦慮學習者的認知負荷顯著高於低資訊焦慮學習者；(8)高資訊焦慮學習者使用搜尋系統在認知負荷上顯著高於搭配使用組織系統與搜尋系統 最後，根據研究結果，本研究亦提出數位博物館資訊架構輔助數位學習的教學建議，也針對「自然與人文數位博物館」的網站資訊架構設計提出建議。

隨著資訊科技的蓬勃發展，資訊技術可以提昇組織效率與競爭力，資訊系統或網站亦是組織營運重要命脈。而在近年來全球資訊安全事件不斷發生，資訊犯罪手法不斷翻新，所肇生的系統損害、資料毀損、個資外洩、財務詐騙事件近來更是層出不窮，對單位或公司而言風險不斷提高，傷害亦相對嚴重，甚至導致公司信譽破產，面臨倒閉威脅，為保護組織內部資訊相關資產與個人資料，並保持組織持續正常運作，資訊安全管理系統（ISMS）與個人資訊管理系統 (PIMS)便是一套可有效控制管理之方法；ISMS與PIMS分兩次來導入，造成組織增加工作負荷，有疊床架屋情形，成本有部分重複投資現象。本研究試著以資料的生命週期，資訊安全的機密性、完整性、可用性，PDCA運作模型...等角度進行本質上探討，來進行整合ISMS與PIMS的整合工作。 經文獻探討與專家學者建議，本研究突破各項盲點，從各角度分析進行多面向整合工作，並提出4點可有效整合具體作法：1. 清查作業流程須包含個人資料所延伸之流程。2. 進行作業流程上資訊資產及個資清查作業。3. 資訊資產及個人資料風險評鑑作業。4. 建立ISMS與PIMS四階文件，產出ISO27001適用性聲明須包含個資法。 本研究以國防部網站系統為例，運用整合結果進行實作，將實作經驗分享給未來有意導入ISMS與PIMS之IT人員，實作結果也證實本研究提出論點確實有效，更有效且更有邏輯性的面對各種資安與個資問題，以作業流程面來分析資安與個資，讓每個控制點更加明確，最後實作運用以各國均能接受的ISO標準(ISO 27001標準包含個資管理流程)來驗證本實作，也證明本研究整合後，在實施（Plan-Do-Check-Act）管理系統確實有效，均能符合相關標準與法規。