本研究的目的瞭解國小校長轉型領導、學校組織學習及學校組織創新的關係，主要包括1.瞭解當前國小校長轉型領導、學校組織學習及學校組織創新的現況。2.分析不同校長背景、教師背景、學校背景下，國小校長轉型領導、學校組織學習及學校組織創新的差異情形。3.探討國小校長轉型領導、學校組織學習與學校組織創新之間的關係。4.檢定國小校長轉型領導、學校組織學習與學校組織創新因果關係模式之適配性。 本研究係以採用文獻分析及問卷調查法為主，利用「國民小學學校狀況調查問卷」為工具，針對台灣地區國民小學教師進行調查，總計施測1375人。使用之統計方法包括描述性統計、t 檢定及單因子變異數分析、結構方程模式進行分析。 本研究的主要結果如下： 一、國小校長在轉型領導各層面，以「激勵鼓舞」最高，而「智識啟發」最低。 二、國小在學校組織學習各層面，以「科技運用」最高，而「資訊共享」最低。 三、國小在學校組織創新各層面，以「組織氣氛」最高，而「行政管理」最低。 四、不同性別、年齡之國小校長，其轉型領導、學校組織學習、學校組織 創新無差異。 五、具「研究所」以上學歷之國小校長，其轉型領導、學校組織創新較 好，學校組織學習無差異。 六、年資五年以上，未滿十五年的國小校長，其轉型領導、學校組織學習、 學校組織創新較好。 七、不同性別之國小教師，所知覺的校長轉型領導、學校組織學習、學校 組織創新無差異。 八、50歲以上之國小教師，所知覺校長轉型領導、學校組織學習、學校組 織創新較高。 九、擔任主任或組長之國小教師，所知覺校長轉型領導、學校組織學習、學校組織創新較高。 十、不同學歷之國小教師，所知覺的校長轉型領導、學校組織學習、學校 組織創新無差異。 十一、年資25年以上之國小教師，所知覺校長轉型領導、學校組織學習、 學校組織創新較高。 十二、不同歷史的國小，校長轉型領導，學校組織學習、學校組織創新無 差異。 十三、12班以下之國小，校長轉型領導、學校組織學習、學校組織創新較 高。 十四、鄉鎮地區的國小，校長轉型領導、學校組織學習高於都市地區的國 小，但學校組織創新無差異。 十六、國小校長轉型領導透過學校組織學習而影響學校組織創新。 本研究根據研究結果，提出可供教育行政機關、校長、學校做為推動國小校長轉型領導、學校組織學習及學校組織創新之參考與建議。 / This study focuses on the multi- relationships among the three main factors: principals’ transformative leadership,organizational learning and organizational innovation at elementary schools. The researcher tries to explore: 1. the current situation in which the principals’ transformative leadership,organizational learning and organizational innovation in elementary schools as far. 2. different patterns of transformative leadership,organizational learning and organizational innovation which are based on different backgrounds of the principals,teachers and schools. 3. the possible co-relationship in between the above three main factors 4. the investigation of the fitness of thecase-effect relationships among the three variables this study: principals’ transformative leadership, the organizational learning and organizational innovation in elementary schools. This study is based on literature analysis and questionnaires. The “Investigative Questionaire of the General Situations of Elementary Schools” is the main tool in use. There are 1375 teachers participating and giving their response towards the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics,t-test ,ANOVA, Cluster analysis and structural formulas are the techniques applied in the estimation ,calculation and analysis. The main results of this study are as the following: 1. At each level of the principals’ transformative leadership, the highest effective is the “ encouraging motivation” where as the lowest being “intellectual inspiration”. 2. At levels of organizational learning, the pattern is” using technology” where as the most frequently appeared information is rare. 3. In all the levels of organizational innovation in elementary schools, highest score appears in “ organizational atmosphere” and lowest in “administrative management”. 4. Among the total transformational leadership, organizational learning and innovation, there’s a tendency that shows no distinctive difference caused by the factors such as gender and age of the principals. 5. Investigation on principals who have graduate school degrees indicate that there’s no significant difference related to their performance in transformational leadership, organizational learning and innovation. 6. The principals whose tenure or seniority are between 5 and 15 years perform better in transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovations in elementary schools. 7. School teachers of different genders don’t have distinctive difference of awareness on principals’ transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovation. 8. Teachers who are older than fifty years old have stronger awareness on principals’ transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovation in elementary schools. 9. Teachers with side jobs tend to have higher levels of awareness towards principals’ transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovation at schools. 10. There’s no significant difference in their awareness as to principals’ transformational leadership, organizational learning and innovation with respect to different educational backgrounds. 11. Teachers with teaching experience of more than 25 years have higher levels of awareness towards principals’ transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovation in the schools. 12. Schools’ history doesn’t play a major role in influencing the principals’ transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovation at schools. 13. The schools with fewer than 12 classes seem to perform better in principals’ transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovation at schools. 14. As to principals’ transformative leadership and organizational learning, the schools which are located in countryside and towns mostly perform at a normal standard whereas in organizational innovation they do as good as those city schools. 15. The principals’ transformative leadership works through organizational learning and ultimately has great impact on schools’ organizational innovation. The results gained from this study can be the useful information for educational administrators, school principals and schools when implementing principals’ transformative leadership, organizational learning and innovations at schools.

本研究旨探討國民小學學校組織健康、學校組織學習與教師效能感之關係。研究方法為文獻分析與調查研究法。研究對象為臺北縣國民小學教師，共發出794份問卷，回收率85.39％，有效樣本共566份。問卷回收後分別以因素分析、信度分析、描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析以及結構方程模式分析等統計方法進行分析。根據研究結果與分析後歸納之研究結論如下： 壹、臺北縣國民小學教師知覺學校組織健康、學校組織學習與教師效能感之現況屬中等程度，仍有相當進步空間。 貳、不同背景因素的教師在學校組織健康、學校組織學習與教師效能感等整體及分向度的看法上有差異。 參、國民小學學校組織健康、學校組織學習與教師效能感之間彼此關係密切。 肆、國民小學學校組織健康與學校組織學習對整體教師效能感有顯著聯合預測力。 伍、國民小學學校組織健康、學校組織學習與教師效能感之間的結構關係佳。 最後，本研究依研究結果分別提出以下建議： 壹、對教育行政機關之建議 一、提倡學校組織健康概念，促進學校組織學習，以提升教師效能感。 二、強化教師職前培育與在職進修的「引導學生效能感」課程規劃。 三、發展教學輔導教師制度，充實教師專業知能。 四、因應地方需要，發展適當學校規模。 貳、對校長培育機構之建議 一、營造更健康的學校組織氣候，並建立良好學校公共關係。 二、奠定良好組織學習文化，強化學校組織學習動力。 三、塑造學校組織願景，強化學校知識管理策略，以提升教師效能感。 四、活化學校氣候與文化，試行教師輪調制度。 參、對校長之建議 一、瞭解不同校長培育機構之課程規劃，持續校長自我專業發展。 二、理解校長實踐學校績效管理之流程與作為，力求自我知行一致。 三、建置校長專業發展之知識分享平台，提升校長績效管理能力。 四、培養校長面對變革之自我因應能力，掌握學校多元之情境脈絡。 肆、對後續相關研究之建議 分別就研究範圍、研究對象、研究變項、研究方法、研究工具以及統計方法等方面，對未來的研究提出建議 / This study is focus on investigating relations between organizational health, organizational learning and teacher efficacy in elementary schools. The research process combines literature review and questionnaire method. The elementary school teachers in Taipei County are the main survey subjects. In total, 794 questionnaires were distributed to the elementary school educators. In addition, the amount of return questionnaires stands for 85.39% of the total amount, which includes 566 questionnaires are valid. The data is analyzed through the statistics methods of factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, multipack regression and SEM. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. The teachers in elementary schools of Taipei County show median level of perception in school organizational health, school organizational learning and teacher efficacy aspects. Thus, the level of perception could be improved. 2. The teachers with different background show different opinions in school organizational health, school organizational learning, and teacher efficacy aspects, no matter in the whole evaluation or in the divided examination. 3. The relations between school organizational health, school organizational learning, and teacher efficacy in elementary school are quite close. 4. The school organizational health and school organizational learning in elementary school show significant predictability to the whole teachers’ effectiveness. 5. The structure relations between school organizational health, school organizational learning, and teachers’ effectiveness are good. Furthermore, this study provides the following suggestions based on the above findings: I. The suggestions for educational administration i. Schools should advocate the concept of school organizational health, and promote school organizational learning, in order to improve teacher efficacy. ii. Teachers should be encouraged to take more the pre-work training and further education, which are related to how to inspire students’ effectiveness. iii. Schools should develop the supervisor system and further education program to improve teachers’ profession and skills. iv. Governments should depend up the needs of area to build up appropriate school scale. II. The suggestions for principle training institutions i. To build up a more healthy school organizational climate and develop good school public relationships. ii. To create the good organizational learning culture and strengthen schools organizational learning power. iii. To develop the school organizational vision and extend the strategy of school knowledge management, in order to promote teacher efficacy. iv. To implement the teacher rotational system, in order to encourage the active school climate and culture. III. The suggestions for principles i. To understand different programs of principle training institutions, in order to continue principles’ self-professional development. ii. To recognize the process of school management and how to meet to achievements; moreover, to realise these. iii. To build up the sharing platform of principle professional knowledge, in order to enlarge the ability of performance management. iv. To develop the ability to face changes, and handle the multiple aspects of schools. IV. The suggestions for further studies This study advises some implications on research scale, subjects, methods, tools, and statistics methods aspects, respectively; moreover, it provides some suggestions for future studies as well.

台灣資訊電子業自八零年代初期開始，憑藉著充沛且低廉的高素質勞動力，為歐、美、日等國際大廠從事OEM、ODM業務，為自身培育出堅強的製造與設計研發能力，並且為台灣創下經濟奇蹟以及獲得「電腦王國」的稱號。然而這種主要為滿足國際大廠需求而塑造出來的發展模式，使得台灣廠商習慣於接受客戶訂單要求的經營模式，對於廠商本身在定義產品、國際行銷、品牌發展以及通路經營等方面並未有長足進步。此外，近年來受到全球化、區域經濟整合以及新興市場國家的崛起，加上台灣已逐漸邁入已開發國家，勞力不再低廉、土地成本高漲、環保意識逐漸抬頭等，使台灣廠商過去所仰賴的競爭優勢已不復存在。施振榮先生提出「微笑曲線」，他認為台灣產業必須從過去附加價值低的製造代工的角色，轉型走向價值鏈兩端的研發設計與品牌經營。近幾年來，企業界和政府已經感受到品牌對於企業經營的重要性，以目前看來，已經有許多台灣自有品牌廠商在各自領域中大放異彩，並且在全球市場上占有一席之地。 過去對於台灣廠商在自有品牌經營的發展狀況，已有許多學者專家投入相關議題的研究。然而在研究上大多為探索台灣企業經營自有品牌成功的關鍵因素，或者是自有品牌的經營策略，對於自有品牌成功關鍵因素之一的行銷通路建構，其相關議題研究較少。因此，本研究將著重於影響企業經營自有品牌成功的關鍵因素中，被多數研究所認同的關鍵成功因素：「行銷通路建構」，進行深入探討，並且針對從創業開始便從事自有品牌經營的廠商進行研究，藉以充分瞭解廠商自有品牌建立的實務過程。本研究擬採用個案研究方式，以在網通產業品牌經營有成的D-Link友訊科技與A公司作為本研究的個案對象，期望將有助於其他有志發展自有品牌之企業作為其未來經營之參考依據。 本研究之研究問題有三：1.台灣自有品牌廠商的國際行銷通路建構型態與方式為何？2.台灣自有品牌廠商在國際行銷通路建構過程中對於不同市場特性、產品組合與通路商類型的因應方式與對策為何？3.影響台灣自有品牌廠商國際行銷通路建構的關鍵性因素與作法為何？ 本研究先行針對相關文獻進行回顧，瞭解可作為通路建構模式的相關文獻，包括「自有品牌」、「行銷通路」、「組織學習理論」以及「資源基礎論」等相關理論，並透過個案訪談以及次級資料蒐集整理方式，獲得個案公司資訊，並分析個案公司的通路建構模式。本研究主要獲得以下結論： 1.自有品牌廠商在進入國際市場初期，地區代理商為其主要的行銷通路。然而經營主管對於通路經營理念上的差異，便會造成通路商數量選擇上的不同。此後，廠商便會針對通路商從事系統性的通路整合與管理，發展出整體行銷通路體系。 2.自有品牌廠商在各地區當地的業務主管與經營團隊成員對於其通路建構成功與後續通路管理扮演不可或缺的角色。 3.自有品牌廠商透過與通路商溝通以及提供通路商教育輔導，將有助於產品銷售以及減少通路衝突，強化彼此關係，創造彼此利益。 4.自有品牌廠商所提供的高品質、高效能的產品，將有助於廠商國際行銷通路之建構。 5.自有品牌廠商透過資源蓄積與組織外部學習方式，所建構出在資源面與能力面上的新策略性資源，將有助於廠商行銷通路建構。然而自有品牌廠商組織文化上的差異，將會造成通路建構策略與方式上的不同。 本研究對於實務上的管理建議為： 1.自有品牌廠商宜著重技術深耕與研發並且提供通路商高品質的產品與服務。 2.自有品牌廠商宜重視與授權在地化經營以增進在地經營團隊對於企業的認同感。 3.自有品牌廠商宜建立完善的組織學習機制。 關鍵字：自有品牌、行銷通路、組織學習、資源基礎論 / Taiwanese electronic companies are good at manufacturing and design, and take OEM/ODM business for the first-tier international electronic companies. However, in recently, the competitive advantages of Taiwanese companies gradually decline due to the booming of the the developing countries. Thus, industrial and government highly appealed the companies to develop their own brand, and hoped it will show good performances in the near future. Until now, some of the companies reveal outstanding results in their own industry, and become the global well-know enterprises. In the past, it had been many researches who did the relevant topics about the Taiwanese companies establishing their own brand. Neverethelss, most of the researches focused on discussion the successful factors of establishing own brand or the own brand business strategy rather than on establishing marketing channel, the key successful factor of establishing own brand. Thus, the study will focus on discussion the market channel establishment, and select to research the own brand companies which built their own brand from start-up in order to understand the practical procedure. The case companies are D-Link and A Corp., the first tier Taiwanese network communication manufacture company. Their remarkable performance can be the examples for the other companies to follow them. The main literature in this study includes own brand, marketing channel, organizational learning, and resource-base theory. The study takes case interview and collect the second-hand data to acquire the critical information of the case companies and analyze their marketing channel model. There are several conclusions from the study: 1.In the early stage of entry international market, own brand company’s main channel is local agency. However, the different channel management ideas between the leaders will induce to select differenct channels numbers. However, own brand companies will gradually conduct channel integration and management to develop their whole marketing channel system. 2.The local mangers and business teams of the own brand companies play the key players to establish marketing channel and their channel management. 3.Own brand companies who usually communicate with the channel members and provide education course for the channel parmters will bring benefits for their sales, reduce the conflicts, consolidate mutual relationship, and create mutual benefits. 4.Own brand companies who provide high quality and performance products will bring positive effects to establish marketing channel. 5.Own brand companies who accumulate internal resources and conduct external organizational learning will build strategy assets in assets and capabilities sides. Neveretheless, the organizational cultural difference will make a difference in the strategy and method of establishing marketing channel. In the study, the managerial suggestions for the companies who would like to develop their own brand include: 1.The companies have to focus on strengthen their R&D and provide high quality and performance products for their channel partners. 2.The companies have to empower the localization and promote the local business teams’ identity for the company. 3.The companies have to build a well-done organizational learning system. Key words: Own Brand, Marketing Channel, Organizational Learning, Resource Based Theory

本研究主要探討汽車業向技術母廠取得技術及經由組織學習提升本身能力和累積知識基礎的過程，以擁有成功技術移轉經驗及優異學習能力的中華汽車為研究主體，結合技術移轉與組織學習兩個研究子題，探討中華與日本三菱技術移轉的過程及中華組織學習的情形，主要研究目的為探討組織在進行技術移轉後，如何將外部取得的技術與知識有效地移轉到組織內部，並經由組織的學習機制，在吸收、內化及整理後使知識在組織內儲存及擴散，並成為下一次創新的基礎。 本研究採用「個案研究法」，只選擇中華汽車一家企業以深度訪談的方式，深入地報導企業的實際做法並將完整知識流通的過程結合文獻發展命題。主要的結論有十四個：知識取得與轉換方面為「技術移轉的雙方針對各自所訂定的目標及不同的策略考量會有選擇性的移轉及應用技術」、「移轉技術的類型會影響技術移轉過程中的移轉媒介及溝通密度」、「移轉技術的內容不同將影響其傳遞及轉換的模式」、「技術接受者的技術成熟度與組織複雜度愈高將有助於提昇連續性技術移轉的成效」。知識吸收與內化方面為「組織中相對應的學習活動有助於技術移轉成效的提升及確保技術成功的移轉」、「組織的知識基礎及累積的技術實力有助於組織吸收能力的提升」、「負責技術移轉與傳遞的人員特性會影響知識吸收與內化的程度」。知識整理與整合方面為「跨越疆界者的角色有助於多元化知識與資訊的整理與交流」、「有效的知識系統或觀念架構是將個人的知識分布圖組成組織知識地圖的關鍵成功要素」、「建立知識地圖的觀念架構在收集、儲存、取用知識的過程中應有彈性以配合知識多樣化的特性」。知識儲存與擴散方面為「跨部門的協調與聯結機制有助於知識的儲存與擴散」、「組織須有分享的機制以促進知識的擴散」、「標準化的電子格式系統有助於提升知識儲存與取用的效率」。知識創新方面為「知識的創新必須建立在過去系統化知識的累積與知識在實踐中累積的經驗」。

我國石化業自六０年代萌芽，於七十年代蓬勃發展，至1999年整個石化業的產值達18,610億，佔所有製造業的24.9%。雖然近年來，資訊電子業的興起，環保意識的抬頭讓石化業遭逢前所未有的困境，但是，仍有些企業經營的還不錯，持續投入科技的創新，不斷擴充業務，新產品不斷推出，獲利增加。 本研究以我國石化業為研究對象，從技術管理的觀點，特別從技術策略、技術組織、組織學習等幾個方面分別探討其考量與作法並探討其與技術管理績效的關係。研究結果顯示如下： 國內石化業大部份使用跨功能團隊的方式在進行研究，而其結構從輕量級團隊、重量級團隊到自主性團隊均有。少數企業讓研發人員將一項新產品自產品創意階段一直負責到新產品的生產上市，而且研發人員就成為該事業部的負責人，此措施對研發人員是相當大的鼓勵。另部份較小型企業針對某一項很重要的新產品則採用老虎團隊的模式由CEO親自領導團隊，成效良好。 大部份石化業對技術人員均採用雙階制度，如此技術人員可以循著技術階梯升遷，不必受到管理階梯職缺的影響而升遷無門。有效的激勵措施和技術管理績效有絕對的關係，尤其是對於新產品的開發成功應適當的給予獎金或分紅措施，而對於專利也應酌情發給獎金。 我國石化業的技術主從策略大致相同，在全球來看都是一個跟隨者，但國內來說則視產品別不同而有所不同的策略，所以技術主從策略和整個技術管理績效的關係並不明確。 我國石化業大部份其基礎技術均來自國外先進大廠，研發單位則專注於製程改善及基礎技術的衍生技術，從而開發新產品。但也有部份業者自設立公司之初即訂定自行研發的策略，至今成績斐然。 一般而言，國內石化業均經ISO認證通過，內部紀錄相當完整。而經驗分享對於技術管理績效影響非常大，目前分享的方式都是以內部討論的方式為之; 但已有少數業者開始注意到以內部網路建設其知識管理架構，這對於將來經驗傳承與分享定有很大的幫助。

觀察國內連鎖服務業近二十年來的發展，由於台灣生活水準的提高，服務業也更為精緻化、多元化，除了本土的連鎖服務業種類與品牌日亦增加，也有愈來愈多的跨國連鎖服務業透過合資、授權或在台設立分公司的方式進入台灣市場。以目前國內連鎖餐飲業的發展情況來看，已有不少跨國企業成功將餐飲文化與標準化餐飲管理技術帶入台灣，包括麥當勞與肯德基、T.G.I. Friday’s、摩斯漢堡、Afternoon Tea、Cold Stone，Burger King等，這些國外品牌成功的融合台灣在地文化在台灣市場穩定發展，並促使台灣餐飲業更注重消費者的感受與服務品質。 然而，國外企業要進入台灣市場必定會面臨一些環境差異的挑戰，因此許多國際品牌選擇以合資的方式和本地企業合作以順利擴張其品牌營運範圍。國內亦有不少企業集團以合資方式和名國際品牌合作發展新事業，一方面能學習到國外品牌企業之經營知識技術，並獲得品牌知名度的優勢；另一方面則可善用集團內部的資源。相較於自行發展品牌進入不熟悉的領域，此種做法能減少風險並增加效率。然而，由於合資的原故，新事業的發展必然也會受到國外企業的牽制與規範，從初期技術轉移、經營模式到未來的策略選擇方面，可能都會面臨一些困難與挑戰。 　　本研究以本地企業和國際品牌企業合資引進國外品牌，並建立新事業之過程做為主軸，以組織學習的觀點探究其新事業營運模式之建立過程。本研究主要獲得以下結論： 1. 台灣企業以國際合資方式引進國外品牌建之新事業，初期團隊的經營幹部大部分由台灣母公司指派，且組織扁平化。 2. 以合資方式引進國外品牌的新事業享有當地與海外母公司的雙重資源，在品牌理念方面深受外資企業的影響，但在經營管理方面則會融合兩方的特色。 3. 國際合資新事業的初期籌備著重於向品牌方學習相關的知識技術，是以模仿學習為主，之後則會從經驗中學習，配合環境做出調整。 4. 在新事業建立初期，若國外品牌方能夠提供教育訓練或提供人力於營運當地協助，將有助於合資新事業快速學習知識並建立營運模式。而長期經營則有賴良好的溝通機制使得雙方的知識交流能持續不斷。 5. 國際合資新事業由於引進品牌在當地經營，在不違背國外品牌企業的限制下，會做適度的在地化，也因產生創新。以相關多角化發展合資新事業的企業，由於集團內部的互補資源較多，將有助於合資新事業創新的產生。 / With the improving standard of living in Taiwan, the chain-store industry has become more delicate and more diverse. The number of local chain-store brands has increased, and more and more multinational chain services companies have entered Taiwan market with the forms of joint ventures, licensing or setting up branches. Many multinational companies have successfully brought the food cultures and the food management technology into Taiwan, such as McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken, TGI Friday's, Mos Burger, Afternoon Tea, Cold Stone, Burger King, etc. These foreign brands have successful adapted the Taiwanese culture and have been developing stably in Taiwan. They also have inspired Taiwan's restaurants to pay more attention to the feelings of consumers and the service quality. However, due to the differences of market natures, foreign enterprises face some challenges as they enter the Taiwan market. For the reason, many international brands set up joint ventures with local enterprises to expand their business territory. Some domestic enterprises also develop their new businesses through international joint ventures. In this way, they not only can learn knowledge and skills from the foreign brands, but also can utilize their intra-group resources. By establishing international joint ventures reduce risk and increase efficiency, the domestic enterprises want to enter an unfamiliar area. New business development, however, will necessarily be restricted by the foreign enterprises, from the initial transfer of technology, operational strategy, and the future choice, and this development may face some difficulties and challenges. The study focuses on the process of the domestic enterprises when they build new business with international joint ventures. The main literature in this study includes international new business venture, organizational learning, and creative value. There are several conclusions from the study: 1. The organization of the initial team of the Taiwanese enterprises which builds the brand new business through international joint venture is flat. Most of the management cadres of the initial team come from the Taiwan’s parent company.   2. The new business which introduces foreign brand with international joint ventures enjoys the dual resources, the brand concept will influence deeply by foreign company, but the management will be integrated in the operating characteristics of the two sides. 3. International new business venture learn knowledge from the brand company at early stage, focusing on learning from imitation, but later would learn from experience, and adapt to the environment. 4. If the foreign brands are able to provide education, training or providing manpower to assistant in Taiwan, the new business venture will learn quickly and easy to establish the business model. The long-term business relies on good communication mechanism to allow the exchange of knowledge of both sides continuously. 5. International joint venture will localize, but not violate the constraints of foreign brands, so it produces innovation. The companies which develop joint new business ventures with related diversification are easy to produce innovation because there are more complementary resources in the companies.

「元件化軟體開發」（Component-Based Development）是近年興起的最重要的軟體技術創新之一，強調元件的再用（reuse）以及軟體組裝的系統建構思維，重視軟體品質與彈性的提升，以降低開發成本、增進生產力。在面對此一極有可能成為主流的軟體技術時，不同的公司組織往往出現不同的採用狀況與成效，部份已採用者卻仍多處在評估試用階段，為什麼？為理解此一現象，本研究嘗試打開「採用」的黑盒，從新興軟體科技的架構創新特質以及組織學習的角度，探討不同的公司在面對技術大幅變遷時，如何成功採用新興資訊技術。 　　實證的結果大體支持假說的成立：組織原有的相關知識未必能有助於創新的內化，當技術發生「架構創新」改變時，組織若對先前的「架構知識」愈熟悉，反而不利新技術的採用與內化。而「內部學習的投入」、「外部知識來源」與「外部學習連結緊密程度」均有助於新技術採用與導入成效；此外，若技術不確定性愈高，則組織會愈頃向外部學習。

本研究主要是探討企業運用流程管理的情形。並從流程管理及組織學習的觀點探討企業考量與作法。 　　台灣產業在製程管理有長期成功的經驗。從外商在台灣設立加工廠開始，到進幾年來的OEM、ODM以及運籌創新的BTO，都是電腦硬體產品在流程管理上成功的代名詞。軟體產業是否有這種機會，運用流程管理得到和硬體產業一樣的成功？非科技產業是否也能運用流程管理，取得競爭優勢？ 　　本研究以軟體公司及非科技公司的流程管理為研究對象，發現發現如下： 　　1 軟體產品的開發流程，可以用生產線的方式進行。 　　2 遊戲軟體的開發，除了程式設計外，還需要運用多種開發工具製作美術，方式比專案軟體的開發更多樣化。 　　3 軟體開發過程中，企劃書是知識儲存、傳播及運用的重要工具。 　　4 遊戲網路軟體代工業務需要具備程式製作、美術製作的能力、品質管制及精確的成本控制等多樣的條件。 　　5 有效的流程管理可以提昇作業速度，增加公司的競爭力。 / This thesis was intended to study the application of process management in companies. We further explored the possible response and consideration from the aspects of process management & organizational learning in companies. Taiwan's industry has a long-term success experience in process management. American, European and Japanese companies have been setting up the computer assembling factories in Taiwan since 1970. Currently, Taiwan's success in process management, especially at OEM, ODM & BTO has already been well known all over the world. The study is focused on the software companies and non-computer companies, and wishes to find out once if they establish the competitive advantage through process management, will they reach the same success as the computer companies did? 　　In this study, we found the following conclusions. 　　1. It is possible to develop software by a factory-like manufacturing process. 　　2. Sufficient art design tools are required, so as to complete a successful game software development process, compared to any regular software project. 　　3. A complete project plan plays a key role for storing, transferring & applying intrinsic knowledge in an organization during a software development process. 　　4. It needs various conditions, such as program design, art produce capability, quality control, and process management, to enter the OEM business of game software. 　　5. An effective process management can improve the operation speed and enhance competitive advantage for company.

企業存在的目的與價值在於提供客戶所需的商品或是服務。企業若想永續的經營，就需要能夠持續提供滿足客戶需求的商品與服務。對科技公司來說，能夠有持續推出好的專案，才能持續開發出好的商品。如何能持續推出好的專案，便是各科技公司非常重視的議題。本文想探討的議題是有關專案成功的要素，專案管理以及公司組織文化與組織學習對開發新市場專案成效的影響。 文獻探討中發現，專案管理、組織文化、組織學習雖皆對專案的成效皆習習相關，然而影響的方式與層面有所不同。專案管理主要是探討以何種方式與方法，能夠有效的讓專案進展得更順暢，更為有效的管理，對專案的成效直接的影響。而組織文化與組織學習是屬於企業經營層面的部分，會對專案管理的方法與方式產生影響，並間接影響專案的成效。然而，專案管理方式亦受到組織文化與組織學習的影響。僅有專案管理制度，而未能有適切的組織文化與組織學習能力配合，專案管理制度亦不能發揮其效果。 根據第一章所述之研究動機與第二章之文獻探討，本研究提出研究架：包括組織文化、組織學習、專案管理等三構面。本研究以一家上市科技公司為研究對象，深入探討該公司三個具有不同創新科技的專案，並藉由深度訪談該的高階主管、公司專案經理與參與團隊成員，以收集本研究所需要的資料。 本研究得到的結論包括，一、組織文化對專案組織類型與結構有重大的影響，而專案組織類型與結構專案成效有重大的影響。二、組織學習與知識管理非常重要。好的組織學習能力與知識管理，會讓專案開發流程更為順暢。三、不同專案特性應採用不同且適當的專案組織結構。創新與突破程度越高的專案越需要高度整合的專組織結構。除了專案組織結構外，專案經理對專案具有決定性的影響。

本研究旨在瞭解我國國民中學組織學習與教師組織公民行為之關係。析言之，本研究主要研究目的有：（一）瞭解國民中學組織學習與教師組織公民行為的實際情形；（二）探討國民中學教師背景變項、學校背景變項與組織學習、教師組織公民行為的關係；（三）探討組織學習與教師組織公民行為的關係。 本研究以文獻分析法及問卷調查法進行之，係以台北縣的公立國民中學教師為取樣對象，共計抽取315人，回收297份，回收率94 ﹪。本研究之研究工具為「國民中學組織學習暨組織感受問卷」，包含「組織學習量表」及「教師組織公民行為量表」二部份。統計方法係採用信度分析、因素分析、描述統計、t 檢定、單因子變異數分析及典型相關分析等。 研究結果歸納為下列四點： 一、國民中學組織學習現況尚稱良好，教師組織公民行為良好。 二、國民中學組織學習會因教師背景變項而有差異。年輕教師、兼任行政職務教師，其在組織學習的知覺情形較佳。 三、國民中學教師組織公民行為會因教師背景變項及學校背景變項而有差異。資深教師及兼任行政職務的教師在專業成長的知覺情形較佳。 四、國民中學組織學習與教師組織公民行為有密切關係存在，即組織學習愈好，教師組織公民行為也愈佳。 最後根據研究結果，提出具體建議，以做為教育行政機關、國民中學及未來研究的參考。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of the organizational learning and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in junior high schools；to explore the influence of teachers’ background variables and schools’ background variables on organizational learning and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors ；to examine the correlation between organizational learning and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors . Literature review and questionnaire survey were conducted in this study. The sample consisted of 297 public junior high school teachers in Taipei County. Two survey instruments were used in the study, included the Organizational Learning Scale, and the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Scale. The data were analyzed by using reliability analysis, factor analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, canonical correlation. The results of this study revealed: （1）There were significant differences in teachers’perception of organizational learning in term of the junior, and position. （2）Teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors varied with teachers’different seniority, position variables, and schools’ size. （3）Teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors was explained by various dimensions of organizational learning through the first pair of canonical factor. The correlation between organizational learning and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors was positive. Finally, based on the results, suggestions for educational administration agencies, junior high schools and future studies were proposed.