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國中導師信念、班級經營策略對班級經營效能相關之研究 / The investigation of how homeroom teachers' beliefs and their classroom management strategies relate to classroom management efficiency in junior high schools邱錦堂 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在以國中導師信念、班級經營策略與班級經營效能之關聯作實證性之研究。具體而言,本研究欲瞭解:(1)國中導師信念、班級經營策略及班級經營效能的現況。(2)國中導師信念及班級經營策略在導師背景變項上之差異程度。(3)國中導師信念、班級經營策略與班級經營效能的相關程度。(4)國中導師班級經營策略與效能在導師性別及信念上之差異程度。(5)各變項對國中導師班級經營效能的預測力。
本研究之研究對象為桃園縣公立國中導師及學生,以「國中導師信念及班級經營策略量表」、「國中學生反應意見量表」為工具進行研究。預試有效導師樣本95份、有效學生樣本149份,以次數分析、因素分析、相關分析、信度分析等方法,分析研究信度與效度。正式施測的有效導師樣本183份、有效學生樣本1113份,分別以描述分析、t考驗、單因子變異數、二因子變異數、積差相關分析、逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行研究分析。本研究重要發現如下:
一、「導師職責信念」與「學校地區」、「年齡」、「婚姻狀況」、「導師年資」等變項達顯著差異。
二、「開明領導信念」與「婚姻狀況」達顯著差異。
三、「班級經營策略」分別與「導師年資」、「任教年級」達顯著差異。
四、「班級經營策略」分別與「導師職責信念」、「開明領導信念」成正相關。
五、「班級經營效能」分別與「導師職責信念」、「開明領導信念」成正相關。
六、「班級經營效能」與「班級經營策略」成正相關。
七、在威權管理與消極防堵信念方面女性導師的班級經營效能優於男性導師。
八、「任教年級」、「團隊合作策略」、「學校規模」三變項對班級經營效能具有預測力。
本研究根據研究結果提出建議,以提供中小學教師、中小學校、教育行政機關、師資培育機構及未來研究者之參考。 / The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships among classroom management beliefs,strategies and efficiency of hoomroom teachers in junior high schools. The Subjects in this research are 183 teachers and 1113 students in Tao-Yuan County's junior high schools.The statistic methods used in this research include: descriptive analysis, T-test, One-way ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA, product-moment correlation, etc.The findings are as follow:
1.Significant differences existed among "Schools' location", "Age", "Marriage status" and "Years of being teachers" for "Tutor-charge belief" .
2.Significant differences existed between "Marriage status" and "Open-minded leadership belief".
3.Significant differences existed among "Years of being teachers" and "The grade the teachers teach" for classroom management strategies.
4.Significant positive correlation among "Tutor-charge belief and "Open-minded leadership belief for classroom management strategies.
5.Significant positive correlation among 'Tutor-charge belief and "Open-minded leadership belief for classroom management efficiency.
6.Significant positive correlation between "Classroom management strategies" and "Classroom management efficiency".
7.As to "authoritive-management belief and "negative -prevention belief , female teachers' management efficiency are higher than male teachers' management efficiency.
8.The best predictors for classroom management efficiency are "The grade the teachers teach", "Co-operation strategy", and "The scale of the school" . Based on the results of this study, to make some suggestions for educational administration, the elementary and high schools, the teachers in elementary and high schools and future study.
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銀行業經理人契約關係之探討葉思延 Unknown Date (has links)
本文之研究目的希望透過銀行業經理人工作現況與工作條件之經驗,探求經理人的契約關係,及其工作權益保障之討論。在研究方法上,一方面先以文獻探討開展,一方面以實務訪談的方式,觀察銀行經理人具備勞工「從屬性」之有無與程度與銀行經理人實際遭遇到何種工作權益的問題,將實務研究發現加以統整,以銀行業的訪談經驗作為其「從屬性」與「裁量自由」加以分析,希望逐步釐清我國經理人之概念及其契約結構,探求是否有其他勞務性契約之適用可能。
我國經理人契約通說係為委任契約類型,經理人之工作保障不受勞動法令的保障。實務上,勞工轉換為經理人身份時,經民法、公司法法定程序任命,即從勞動契約關係轉換為委任契約關係,在為有法令的保障下,常發生因身份轉換,導致許多勞動權益的喪失,衍生退休年資的消滅、團結權資格的喪失及工作權隨時喪失等問題。
本文從「人格從屬性」相關的四個面向(工作時間、接受指示調派、接受考核及接受懲戒)觀察銀行分行經理及總行部處首長等經理人,採以「上、下位標準認定」方式,再結合其經濟從屬性及事務處理自由程度等具體事項,綜合分析後發現這些公司法經理人不但具一定程度的從屬性,事務處理的自由亦為受限,理當可以視為勞工身份。此外,本文亦發現近年司法機關針對勞工行政主管機關過去所採以經公司法程序之形式認定方式,出現突破性之看法,認為此法定任命程序,僅為進用方式,無法憑單一方式即認定這些經理人之契約關係為委任契約,而排除於勞動法令之適用範圍。
以德國的經驗,發現德國將經理人之概念再細分為獨立經理人與經理人員(Leading Officer),雖然德國法制承認經理人員確實與一般勞工在地位、組織利益關係常有所衝突之處,然仍將其視為「勞工」身份,享有勞動權益的保障,於特別法令上,再與一般勞工有所區分,在企業內部另組利益團體或工會,可與雇主進行協商。反觀我國經理人之範疇含括了獨立經理人與經理人員之概念,而我國大部分經公司法任命之經理人皆與經理人員的性質相符,實有討論納入勞動法令的意義,值得我國法令省思。
結論對於經理人的組織定位、基礎契約關係有更深入探討分析,期待我國有一套客觀地認定勞工身份之方式,並提出我國勞動法應獨立於其他商事法令,針對經理人員等特殊身份的勞動者,重新思考其契約關係,訂定有更為詳細的定義,確保勞工升遷中,仍得維護自身工作權益,使職涯生活能夠多一層保障。
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從開放式創新觀點探討NTT DoCoMo平台型經營模式 / NTT DoCoMo’s Platform Business Model:Open Innovation Perspective韓燕甯, Han,Yan Ning Unknown Date (has links)
在現今之行動通訊產業中,面對技術融合、顧客需求多樣化、快速創新的衝即,整個產業結構已發生了根本上的影響。傳統行動通訊產業中的線性價值鏈已不復見,而是重新聚合成全新的價值網,而這個新的價值網跨越了原本各自獨立的產業界線,並經由不同的連結方式,形成新的產業形態,展現出新的面貌。其中,更可以明顯發現,透過許多不同領域能力之結合,可以造就出許多新事業、新市場的誕生。據此,企業為了追求快速創新,便不可能僅憑一己之力,於內部發展出各式各樣之能力。反之,企業必須由外部擷取他人之力,再與內部核心能力結合,與外部關係人建立共生關係,最終達成多贏之局面。據此,Chesbrough (2003) 認為,企業過去「封閉式創新」的作法已不合時宜,未來必須走向「開放式創新」。
本研究在文獻探討的部分,將焦點放在三大議題:開放式創新、經營模式與平台型經營模式。同時,選擇全球行動通訊產業的領導廠商 – NTT DoCoMo為個案公司,從1999年至2007年之公司資料中,歸納出個案公司的三大議題:發展歷程、經營模式與合作關係。
最後,本研究歸納出以下結論:第一:平台型經營模式有利於企業有效且及時地連結外部環境之資源,以實踐開放式創新;第二:企業在追求快速創新之目標時,其所採用之創新模式可依據下述兩種要素來區分:合作關係之廣度與資源投入之程度。而面對不同核心程度之能力時,須採用不同之模式;第三:平台型經營模式由眾多構面組成,而面對不同的構面,企業須採用不同的模式來發展;第四:成功的平台型經營模式必須具備吸引力與主導力。 / Today, the mobile communication industry is faced with the impact of technology fusion, diversified customers’ demand and fast innovation; this industry already changed fundamentally. The linear value chain of traditional mobile communication industry is no more, instead, there is a whole new value net, which is connected in different way to become a new industry. From the result, through the combination of capabilities from different areas, it can lead to many new businesses and markets. According to the above, for the purpose of fast innovation, companies are impossible to develop various capabilities all by themselves inside; instead, companies have to introduce other capabilities from outside and combine with their core capabilities. Through the establishment of ecosystem, it will lead to the all-win situation. According to the above, Chesbrough argues that the traditional close innovation is no more, it is the age of open innovation.
In this research, the literature review focuses on three issues: open innovation, business model and platform business model. Meanwhile, this research chooses the global leading company in mobile communication industry – NTT DoCoMo as the case company and the case study focuses on three issues: history, business model and collaborative relationships.
This research reaches three conclusions. First, platform business model can help companies connect with the environment effectively and timely. Second, open innovation includes two different concepts: open and closed at the same time and these different concepts should be applied to different capabilities. Third, business model is composed of many aspects, and different aspects should be developed by different concepts. Forth, open business model’s paradigm is platform business model and two of platform business model’s fundamental forces are attraction and predomination.
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跨業經營對銀行獲利與風險影響之研究 / A Study of the Impact of Nonbank Businesses on the Profitability and Risk of Commercial Banks賴憶如, Lai, Yi-Ju Unknown Date (has links)
自「金融控股公司法」公布實施起,本國銀行業即可在不同法源基礎下,從事直接兼營、轉投資子公司與金融控股公司三種跨業經營模式。然而,跨業經營是否有助於銀行提升獲利與降低風險,以及哪一種跨業經營模式較適合本國銀行業,均為本文所關切的議題。此外,在不同資產規模下,銀行的跨業經營、業務多角化,以及國際化策略是否應有所差別?本文利用1999至2006年國內25家上市櫃銀行之追蹤資料,在控制總體環境變數影響後,以適合處理追蹤資料的固定效果模型,針對跨業經營對本國銀行業獲利與風險影響進行廻歸分析,實證結果顯示,一、不論從獲利面或風險面來看,只有直接兼營之跨業經營模式享有範疇經濟效益,且此範疇經濟效益存在顯著之規模效果;二、轉投資子公司與金融控股公司之跨業經營模式不但未能提升銀行獲利,其承擔之經營風險反而會提高;三、若依資產規模將銀行分類,大型銀行適合於機構內部直接兼營非銀行業務與落實業務多角化策略,轉投資子公司與金融控股公司之跨業經營模式為獲利呈現高度波動性的主因,而跨業與國際化經營對小型銀行的獲利與風險都會產生不利影響。因此,本文建議,銀行應將跨業經營的重心放在直接兼營之跨業經營模式,而小型銀行不應一昧地盲從大型銀行之跨業與國際化經營腳步。
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金馬在海西區建設的經濟角色探討:跨海峽之調查與比較分析 / Exploring The Economic Role of Kinmen and Matsu in The Economic Zone on The West Coast of The Taiwan Straits:a Cross-straits’ Survey and Comparative Analysis葉張繼 Unknown Date (has links)
中華民國政府於2008年4月1日宣佈擴大觀光「小三通」規劃方案,兩個月後2008年6月19日,復由新任陸委會主委賴幸媛宣布:「政府擴大實施小三通。大小三通擴大實施後,有關金馬港口設施和容量部分,目前還有五成閒置,因此可以應付需求。金門機場部分,雖有點不足,也已在擴建當中,未來幾個月交通部會加速擴建。亦要求相關部會也將在二個月內規畫完成推動兩岸「小三通」協商,三個月內提出金馬中長期經濟建設檢討及規畫綱要,六個月內完成整體規畫。」這一連串的政策推動 ,似有企圖讓昔日的金馬離島快速與世界接軌,而金門人對於運用對岸福建省的資源,促使相關產業升級,亦期待發展出新的營運模式。證諸近年來台灣與福建的兩地貿易,已躍居台灣中國大陸地區出口的第三大地區(僅次於廣東及江蘇)未來經濟互利的運作,存在著一定的想像空間。
大陸於2005年11月正式批准「海峽西岸經濟區」的戰略構想與建設綱要,並將其納入第十一個五年計畫,這個策略計畫把福建經濟領域擴大三倍。這使得長期以來扮演著台灣、福建兩地之折衝要角的金馬地區,在形勢上除了面臨大陸的統戰攻勢外,另一方面,又必須能在全球化競爭態勢中,開創一條通往世界的道路,在避免經濟邊緣化的過程時空中,本論文將探討金馬地區對海峽西岸經濟區建設的可能影響,希望藉由大陸海西區最接近金馬的智庫,廈門大學的專家學者,以德菲爾法的問卷調查方法,取得此一時空下海西區與金馬地區雙方可能的經濟政策或對等行為,尤其在面對中國運用海峽西岸經濟區為對台統戰之優勢資源時,提出金馬地區未來的經濟發展規劃與政策方向,以定位其在海西區可能扮演的經濟角色。 / This article is to examine the economic role of Kinmen and Matsu in the economic zone on the west coast of the Taiwan straits. The Delphi technique is employed to collect data via 18 professors of Xinmen University. Further, a comparative analysis is conducted by previous Official survey report with Taiwanese professors. Suggestions and implication for planning public administration are discussed.
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台灣財經技術官僚的人脈與派系(1949-1988年)余慶俊, Yu, Ching Chun Unknown Date (has links)
戰後台灣經濟呈現高度發展,對於這段高度發展期間,以許有多學者進行研究。他們一致認為此一時期由技術人員出任財經官員,推動若干政策加上美援的資助下,使得台灣可以走出戰後經濟凋蔽的窘況。至今看來這批財經技術官僚獲得極高的評價,關於財經技術官僚的傳記、口述歷史、訪談錄已有相當多的著作,但對於財經技術官僚整體的研究卻是相當的缺乏。
本文所討論重點不在財經技術官僚所締造高經濟成長率,而是從另一個面向從人事關係與派系的角度來研究財經技術官僚。針對1949年中華民國政府播遷台灣至1988年蔣經國總統過世,這長達近40年期間以台灣財經技術官僚為研究對象,探討此一時期財經技術官僚的人脈與派系。在威權體制下,財經技術官僚與國家主要領導人蔣中正、蔣經國、陳誠等的互動關係,領導人對這批技術官僚的態度。國民黨在1952年改造完成後已成為黨國一體的情形下,財經技術官僚與黨內的關係為何,是否是我們印象中的以黨領政?最後是對於財經技術官僚本身的特性與出身系統背景進行分析,來說明背景、派系是否可以影響財經技術官僚的升遷。以不同的角度來看此一時期的財經技術官僚的崛起與沒落。
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兩岸經濟依賴程度之實證研究劉昶妤 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著中國大陸經濟的迅速地成長,兩岸經貿往來日益頻繁,台商赴大陸投資不斷增加,台灣經濟發展是否過度依賴中國大陸,乃成為大家關注的問題。本研究使用1998年第一季至2008年第四季之資料,對兩岸經貿重要議題進行實證分析,範圍包括:台灣對中國的貿易是否影響台灣之經濟成長率、台商赴大陸之大量投資是否造成本地失業率之惡化以及兩岸貿易是否顯著影響新台幣兌美元匯率。實證結果發現,在樣本期間,台灣對大陸之進出口貿易確實顯著影響台灣之經濟成長率;台商外移至大陸,也使得國內失業人口增加;而兩岸之間的貿易往來對新台幣匯率的影響則不顯著。因此未來兩岸經貿之互動,將影響台灣經濟之未來發展前景,政府在做兩岸決策時,必須謹慎從事,趨吉避凶,才能消弭社會的疑慮,並促進台灣經濟的健全發展。
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臺北縣國民小學學校創新經營策略之研究 / A study of school innovation management strategies in Taipei county’s elementary schools蔡念芷 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討臺北縣國民小學學校創新經營實施情況與成效,並分析不同背景變項下,學校創新經營策略運作及實施成效之差異情形,進而瞭解推動學校創新經營的動機、影響學校創新經營之因素與實施學校創新經營遭遇之困難,最後分析學校在推行創新經營所採取之策略,並依結果提出相關建議。
為達上述目的,本研究採用問卷調查法,以「臺北縣國民小學學校創新經營策略之調查問卷」為研究工具,針對2006到2008年InnoSchool獲獎之臺北縣國民小學教育人員為問卷調查研究對象,共寄發出430份問卷,回收有效問卷共347份進行統計分析。此外,亦採取專家訪談法,以「臺北縣國民小學學校創新經營策略之研究」訪談大綱為研究工具,針對2006到2008年InnoSchool獲獎之臺北縣國民小學校長為研究對象進行訪談,共計26位校長,以深入瞭解學校創新經營所運用之策略。
綜合文獻探討與研究結果之發現,歸納可得研究結論如下:
一、臺北縣國民小學學校創新經營策略運作情況屬於良好程度。
二、臺北縣國民小學學校創新經營實施成效屬於良好程度。
三、臺北縣國民小學教育人員在學校創新經營策略運作表現情況,會因性別、學歷、參與方案與否、現任職務的不同而有所差異;在不同服務年資與年齡的教育人員中,其意見頗為一致。
四、臺北縣國民小學教育人員在學校創新經營實施成效知覺程度,因性別、學歷、參與方案與否、現任職務的不同而有所差異;在不同服務年資與年齡的教育人員中,其意見頗為一致。
五、臺北縣國民小學教育人員在學校創新經營策略運作表現情況,會因學校類型、學校歷史、學校位置的不同而有所差異;在不同學校規模的教育人員中,其意見頗為一致。
六、臺北縣國民小學教育人員在學校創新經營實施成效知覺程度,因學校歷史、學校位置有所差異;在不同學校類型與學校規模的教育人員中,其意見頗為一致。
七、促使臺北縣國民小學實施創新經營的動機,以提升學校競爭力為最多。
八、影響臺北縣國民小學實施創新經營的最大因素為校長領導。
九、臺北縣國民小學學校創新經營之最大困難為時間不足、成員參與意願低落及後續經營支援不足。
十、學校運用藍海策略的行動架構時,以消除校園閒置及不適宜空間為最多。
十一、學校運用藍海策略的行動架構時,以降低人員負擔為最多。
十二、學校運用藍海策略的行動架構時,以提升人力為最多。
十三、學校運用藍海策略的行動架構時,以創造學生多元能力為最多。
最後,本研究針對教育行政主管機關、學校與未來研究提出下列建議:
一、教育行政主管機關
(一)可持續推動學校創新經營之競賽與方案。
(二)可持續推動相關政策,以提供學校所須之資源。
二、學校
(一)應持續推動創新經營,並採取適當之策略。
(二)可採取藍海策略的行動架構,以協助學校推動創新經營。
(三)宜提供充裕的時間發展創新,並提升教師參與的意願,以延續學校創新經營。
(四)校長應採取有效的領導方式,以促進學校創新經營的推動。
(五)推動學校創新經營宜以校園環境空間為思考點。
(六)推動學校創新經營應重視人力的提升與素質的培養。
三、未來研究
(一)可擴大研究對象進行調查。
(二)可進一步探討學校創新經營策略運用的成效。 / This research was aimed to investigate the current situations and the effects on school innovation management in Taipei County’s elementary schools, and to analyze the differences between school innovation management strategies and effects in personal variables and school environmental variables. Moreover, the purposes of the research were to understand the motives, influencing factors and the difficulties in school innovation management, and to explore the strategies school adopted during the school innovation management.
In order to achieve the purposes of the research, the methods for the research were questionnaire survey and interview. “The questionnaire of school innovation management strategies in Taipei County’s elementary schools” was developed as the research instrument. The samples contained 430 faculties from the InnoSchools in Taipei County from 2006 to 2008. Among them, 347 valid samples were finally collected to be analyzed through the statistical techniques. Furthermore, “The interview outline of school innovation management strategies in Taipei County’s elementary schools” was developed as the research instrument to profoundly examine the school innovation management strategies. The respondents were 26 principals from the InnoSchools in Taipei County from 2006 to 2008.
According to the findings of the research, these conclusions were summarized below:
1. The current conditions of school innovation management strategies were good.
2. The current effects of school innovation management were good.
3. The conditions of school innovation management strategies varied significantly from different genders, degrees and positions. Also, participating in InnoSchool or not affected the conditions of school innovation management strategies. But among the faculties from different seniorities and ages, their views on school innovation management strategies were similar.
4. The awareness of effects on school innovation management varied significantly from different genders, degrees and positions. Also, participating in InnoSchool or not affected the awareness of effects on school innovation management strategies. But among the faculties from different seniorities and ages, their views on the effects on school innovation management were similar.
5. The conditions of school innovation management strategies varied significantly from different school types, history and locations. But among the faculties from different school scales, their views on school innovation management strategies were similar.
6. The awareness of effects on school innovation management varied significantly from different school history and locations. But among the faculties from different school types and scales, their views on the effects on school innovation management were similar.
7. The highly motives of school innovation management was to enhance the competitiveness of the school.
8. The key influencing factor in school innovation management was principal’s leadership.
9. The key difficulties in school innovation management were short of time, the willingness of members and the following support.
10. When schools used the four actions framework of Blue Ocean Strategy, the most common strategy was to eliminate vacant space and inappropriate school environment.
11. When schools used the four actions framework of Blue Ocean Strategy, the most common strategy was to reduce the staffs’ burden.
12. When schools used the four actions framework of Blue Ocean Strategy, the most common strategy was to raise human resources.
13. When schools used the four actions framework of Blue Ocean Strategy, the most common strategy was to create students’ multiple abilities.
In the end, based on the findings and conclusions of the research, some suggestions were given as below:
1. Suggestions to the educational institutes
(1) Promote school innovation management competitions and programs continuously.
(2) Promote sustainable policies to provide the resources schools need.
2. Suggestions to schools
(1) Promote school innovation management continuously and to take appropriate strategy.
(2) Take four action framework of Blue Ocean Strategy to assist schools in promoting the innovative management.
(3) Wish to provide sufficient time to develop innovation and enhance the willingness of teachers to participate in order to extend the innovative management.
(4) Principals should take effective leadership in order to facilitate the promotion of school innovation management.
(5) Carrying out school innovation management should focus on the school environment.
(6) School should pay attention to upgrading and training the quality of members.
3. Suggestions to subsequent research
(1) The further research may increase the sample numbers to make the results of the research more deducible.
(2) The further research can further explore the effectiveness of school innovation management strategies.
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綠色經營策略之階段性實踐—以精工愛普生公司為例 / Stage-dependent management maturity for implementing green strategy:a case study of Seiko Epson宋雅玲, Sung, Ya Ling Unknown Date (has links)
二十一世紀人類面對環境變遷及資源耗竭的問題,廣泛地討論因應對策,並提出環境議題成為產業下一次工業革命之觸發重點。各國政府、環境保護推行組織及企業皆針對該議題提出施行策略與政策,其中企業界回應態度由早期被動因應,近年來轉變為主動結合企業核心經營理念,實踐兼具環境與經濟目標之綠色經營,並開拓創造價值之新商機。針對企業綠色經營策略之規劃與執行,多位學者指出需要透過一個完整的管理架構,將企業於環境行動之現況與未來綠色經營之實踐藍圖,以具體可行的階段性目標陳述出來,並展開成為行動方案,逐步實現綠色經營下永續發展之願景。
本研究文獻探討著重三部份:永續經營思維的演變,綠色經營的發展,及綠色經營實踐階段性作法。利用Olson (2008) 綠色經營階段性發展模型之三大構面:領導理念、指導方針及具體實踐,並選擇日本綠色經營領導廠商精工愛普生公司,研究實務個案與理論架構之異同與行動背後之策略意涵。
本研究歸納出以下結論:一、企業推行綠色經營前期決策為戰術層級,發展至後期提升至戰略層級。二、企業推動綠色經營前期,視外部壓力為經營條件之限制;發展至後期企業將環境議題視為下一個驅動企業成長的機會。三、企業推動綠色經營前期因應外部壓力,主要回應法規及市場需求,推動單一倡議與重點投資,以降低成本與風險為主;後期主動領導階段以環境行動創造價值,結合綠色思維與企業價值主張,進而創造競爭優勢及打造新經營模式。四、企業推行綠色經營前期以產品相關議題為改善標的,因應環境相關法規改善製造成份與製造程序為主;產品階段改良步上軌道後,後期企業開始思考創新價值活動的可能性。五、合作對象範圍隨經營發展階段擴大,前期以整合合作夥伴、教育員工為主;後期擴大將環境理念教育傳達至顧客、社區協力合作。 / Facing the problems of environmental change and natural resources depletion, these environmental concerns are widely discussed and debated in hope to bringing up more public attention and countermeasures. Overtime, these environmental factors have become the trigger of next generation industrial revolution in twenty-first century. Governments, organizations and enterprises put forward environmental protection strategies and policies. Enterprises generally take a passive stand to respond to the issue of actively taking environmental initiatives combined with their core business philosophy to achieve both the environment and economic goals of a green business model, and further explore new business opportunities to create value. A number of scholars have pointed out that enterprises manage sustainable green vision through a complete management structure in response to the current situation and the future blueprint for a green business strategy. Green strategy implementation plans illustrate specific, feasible and stage-dependent statement for enterprises to achieve both economy and ecology objectives.
In this research, the literature review focuses on three issues: the evolution of sustainable development thinking, green business development and management, and stage-dependent implementation of the green strategy. Meanwhile, the research chooses a green management leading practitioner in electronic product industry- Seiko Epson Corporation as the case-study company and the study focuses on three distinct dimensions of a green strategy maturity model which are illustrated by Olson (2008): role of leadership, role of policies and illustrative actions.
The research identifies and draws the following conclusions. First, with the management maturity for implementing green strategy, the decision-making level is escalated from tactical level to strategic level. Second, in the early stage of implementing green strategy enterprises see external conditions as constrains and in later stage they see them as opportunities for driving growth. Third, the early stages of awareness are largely in response to external pressure, regulations and demand from the community, investing in simple initiatives to streamline costs and reduce risks. The later stage of the initiative leads to the value creation which combines green thinking and business value proposition, thereby creating competitive advantages and create new business model. Fourth, the early stages of green management focus on product-related improvement issues and, in the later stage, enterprises start to consider innovative new value activities through green strategy. Fifth, the scope of cooperation expands as green management stage develops. In early stages enterprises integrate partners and educate employees and in the later stage to convey the environmental concept to customers and the community to achieve the vision together.
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族群經濟與文化經濟的對話 — 中壢火車站和忠貞市場南洋背景商店的比較研究林欣美 Unknown Date (has links)
「族群經濟」係指雇主和雇員是相同族群,其著重的相同族群背景,是建立在雇主與雇員的「共同生產」關係上;「文化經濟」係指把具有文化屬性的商品,販賣給與商品文化屬性相異的消費者,以達到吸引異族群的消費者,來消費商品的符號、其背後所象徵的意涵。
本文以分佈在中壢火車站周圍地區與平鎮市忠貞市場的南洋背景商店為研究對象。位於平鎮市忠貞市場的滇緬商店,係緣於1950年代移入的滇緬軍民所組成的忠貞新村,於其聚落周遭拓展而成具南洋(滇緬)氛圍的市集。中壢市火車站附近的東南亞商店,則緣於1990年代來臺就業的外籍勞工湧入桃園縣境內的工業區後,以中壢市為中心形成的消費聚集處。
本研究發現,不能僅用單純的族群經濟與文化經濟去理解兩研究區的案例。田野訪談資料顯示,中壢火車站周遭的東南亞商店雇主多偏好雇用相同背景的人為雇員,以吸引外籍勞工來店內消費。從東南亞背景的雇主鎖定外籍勞工為主要消費者這一點,可發現強調消費關係的「族群經濟」,高於強調生產關係的原始「族群經濟」定義,即使雇主原本期望以含文化經濟的模式來經營,但實際仍是偏向消費關係的族群經濟模式,而非文化經濟模式。另一方面,早期忠貞新村的居民多以滇緬族群作為主要消費者,呈現「族群產業」的初期階段情況(以相同族群背景的人作為主要消費者),且雇主多從自己的社會網絡中找到相同背景的雇員,故同時也呈現「族群經濟」的現象;直至忠貞市場原有的滇緬商店在面臨人口組成(滇緬族群外移)、交通動線(以忠貞市場及其所屬的平鎮市為中心的聯外交通)的變化後,即逐漸形成包容「文化經濟」屬性的經營方式。
朝向兼顧「文化經濟」模式發展的滇緬商店中,店家在文字載體上僅以中文書寫,並未有其所屬的文字出現,是為了讓異族群的消費者(如台灣人)可以看懂,故此分類下的滇緬商店都以中文呈現招牌以及商品。換句話說,文字的出現與否,與強調異文化消費的文化經濟較無關,反而是營造文化親親性的重要媒介。
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