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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

中共對東協經濟安全政策與作為

王台民, Wang,Tai-Min Unknown Date (has links)
冷戰結束後,由於經濟全球化的趨勢發展及區域主義的興起,國家間經濟互賴關係增加,利益關係趨於複雜,經濟安全風險增大。東協挾著龐大的幅員與人口、豐富的資源、加上重要的地理位置,已成為一個極具影響力的區域性整合組織,為各國極力爭取合作與結盟的對象,也是中共週邊安全的重點地區之一。中共在國家自身利益的考量下,極力從事以經濟發展為基礎的綜合國力建設,並尋求一個和平與穩定的合作環境,以追求最大的經濟利益,同時以經濟實力為手段來獲取政治及外交上的國家利益與安全。因之,中共對東協從經濟領域開始合作,隨著雙方經貿交流的增加,政治、安全等領域的合作也逐步展開,形成一種全面的合作關係,相互依賴的程度也逐漸加深,這種發展除了國際環境的促進之外,中共的長遠國家利益考量更是其中的關鍵。本研究主在分析中共對東協的經濟安全政策與作為,了解中共如何經由一個整合的地區經濟作為依托,在全球競爭中成為和平崛起的世界大國。中共國家經濟安全作為也延伸至國家利益-生存、發展與增加國際地位等政治、外交方面。
2

從1973-1991年美國石油安全問題看經濟安全概念

鍾佳安, Chung, Chia-An Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
3

90年代以後台灣市場保護與開放的抉擇:以要素稟賦對政治聯盟的影響為例

林琮盛, Lin , Choung-sheng Unknown Date (has links)
自比較優勢的觀點論之,一國的資源稟賦會決定國內政治聯盟的型態,並透過該聯盟的運作,影響該國對於市場開放和保護的態度。市場的開放與否以及開放的程度會深深影響到要素擁有者的利益,決定的因素在於要素的豐富或稀缺程度:豐富要素稟賦擁有者,偏好市場開放;稀缺要素稟賦擁有者偏好市場保護。不同的要素流動性產業亦左右市場對開放與否的偏好。因貿易所產生的「獲益」或「損失」、「輸家」或「贏家」,決定了該要素稟賦擁有者對於市場開放或保護的態度。此外,自兩岸交流角度論之,「輸家╱贏家」的對立亦左右了台灣在面對中國經濟崛起之際,對大陸開放政策的方向。故本研究認為,在經濟發展過程中,國家透過行政手段引導經濟資源形塑台灣的比較優勢,並在威權時期形成公部門對私部門實行強力控管結構。然而,在90年代自由化,由於國際自由潮流及國內政治鬥爭因素,使得私部門滲透入公部門的決策體系中,造成嚴重的尋租的現象,並透過政治聯盟的型態左右了政府的決策過程。再者,自兩岸的經濟安全觀之,台灣面對中國的施壓,除了消極抵抗外,亦可透過本身的比較優勢,搶奪中國特定產業部門的市場壟斷權,反制中方對台灣所施予的不對稱權力關係。
4

大陸偷渡人民與國家安全之研究

周正民 Unknown Date (has links)
當前影響我國家安全的因素,主要有國際環境、兩岸關係與國內形勢三個面向,其中,中共仍是我國家安全的主要威脅。自1987年11月我政府開放大陸探親以來,兩岸民間社會交流持續熱絡,經貿互動頻繁。與此同時,兩岸交流所衍生的安全議題亦逐漸擴大,除了傳統性安全的武力犯臺威脅外,許多非傳統性安全議題的嚴重性愈趨顯著,例如大陸地區人民偷渡入臺、毒品和軍火槍械及貨品走私、兩岸組織犯罪、病毒擴散與傳染性疾病等問題。這些問題均已對國內社會與人民造成相當程度之困擾,增加臺灣維持社會國家安全與秩序的內政成本。 由於大陸人民可能透過偷渡對我進行滲透、分化、竊密、破壞等,槍械彈藥走私等組織犯罪活動不僅惡化治安、且可能用於暗殺破壞、影響政局安定。凡此可能導致加重非傳統性安全威脅之程度,其對於國家安全的重要性絕對補亞於軍事安全,因此特以本文來研究探討目前中國大陸經濟成長迅速,人民所得增加,為何大陸人民仍持續偷渡來臺,而其偷渡來臺在對我國家安全之影響上就軍事、政治、心理、社會、經濟等五方面來研究,並就目前我國查緝之相關策略有何缺失?如何改進?謹提供個人淺見,供有心就國家安全機制來研究檢討國家安全之學者參考。
5

提升老年經濟安全準備-反向房屋抵押貸款之應用

鄭雅丰 Unknown Date (has links)
高齡社會下,是否能夠準備足夠的退休金是每個人都很關心的重要議題。本研究探討反向房屋抵押貸款(Reverse Mortgages)在提升老年經濟安全準備之應用。以美英澳三國之反向房屋抵押貸款商品之形式為基礎,分析發行機構與消費者之風險,建立反向房屋抵押貸款之基本定價模型,模擬保險人和發行機構之損失分佈並作敏感度分析,最後提出反向房屋抵押貸款在提升老年經濟安全準備議題上之應用策略,期望本研究結果可為台灣高齡社會之經濟問題提供新的思考方向。
6

瓜地馬拉在中美洲自由貿易協定中的經濟安全分析 / An Analysis of Guatemala's Economic Security Under the Central America-Dominican Republic-United States Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA).

貝妍娜 Unknown Date (has links)
中美洲具有關鍵地理位置,這裡有世界最大的進口量,然而,這特殊的地理位置同時具有好處和其挑戰。本論文旨在分析瓜地馬拉在特殊政治環境和經濟政策的背景之下,簽訂中美洲自由貿易協定之後,其對瓜地馬拉的影響。本論文也比較瓜地馬拉和其他中美洲國家出口至美國的情形,進一步了解出口的多樣化過程。本研究旨在評估在簽訂此區域自由貿易協定十年後所帶來的改變,並且分析中美洲自由貿易協定作為和美國市場交易途徑的保證,來保護瓜地馬拉當地的經濟安全。 / The Central American countries have a key geopolitical location; they are located in the same continent as the world’s largest importer. Having a privileged geographic position, has come with it challenges and benefits. This thesis intends to analyze the impact of the Dominican Republic –Central America Free Trade Agreement with the United States. Contemplating Guatemala’s particular political motivations and economic incentives to sign this regional Free Trade Agreement. This paper also intends to compare Guatemala’s exports performance to the United States with the rest of the Central America, to analyze the exports performance, in order to determine patters and visualize the export diversification process. This will be done to evaluate this regional Free Trade Agreement performance ten years after its signature. Followed by an analysis on the DR-CAFTA as a mechanism that promotes Guatemala’s economic security by guaranteeing the best access possible to the United States market
7

老親經濟安全保障-以私扶養與公扶助之關係為中心 / Economic Security for the Elderly: A Comparison between Private Maintenance and Public Assistance

江佩玲, Chiang, Pei-Ling Unknown Date (has links)
在老年階段中,經濟安全已然為僅次於醫療健康之重要需求之一,亦是影響最基本生活水準之維持,關係著老年社會角色之扮演與參與,進而增進身心健康、確保精神自主之主要因素。當我們對老年階段發展與需求有更清楚的認識,對於可預期之「老化」當可降低恐懼,亦可事先作好經濟安全之預備。 本研究嘗試從最傳統之扶養機制,與社會安全之最後一道防線切入,透過是類途徑之法規範探究,瞭解我國老親經濟安全如何獲得保障,並瞭解政府責任與家庭責任之間如何協調出一個適切之分工關係。 私扶養與公扶助之意涵,反映了政府如何看待家庭所應扮演的角色,以及福利制度如何回應家庭變遷,如果單純復以道德倫理或社會成本衡量一個制度的良窳或續行價值,並不足以趕上新世代親子關係轉變所帶來之需要與互動,亦不足以因應老親因延年益壽所引發的新經濟安全需求。因此與其說是為卑親卸責或是解套,毋寧說是無奈於社會變遷、經濟發展及親子觀念更迭,為提高老親經濟安全保障實效之務實作法與建議。誠然福利制度的完善不必然取代私扶養之價值,惟私扶養規範之框架已違背了自治之精神,參雜過多之司法干預,忽視扶養起於親情間反哺知恩之本質,將扶養定位在經濟能力之衡量,更與論語所追求之養口體、色養、養志等全方位之奉養、承歡膝下,乃至克紹箕裘有所距離。政府如一味蔑視社會觀念的改變、親子關係表達方式之變化,固守不合時宜的扶養規範,並緊守公扶助之窄門,以此婉拒真正有需要之老親者申請公扶助,卻又而無法同時強化家庭功能、給予必要的協助,將導致老親徒具法的權利,卻又無法享有尊嚴的晚年,受害最深者仍是老親本身。而在家庭內部所生之不健全年金市場,如無法真正保障老親之經濟安全,只是讓貧窮之世代一再複製與循環代間之愛恨情仇,最後損失的將不僅是親子關係,更是社會之經濟發展與社會安全品質。 經研究發現,私扶養與公扶助均無法單獨建構一個完整的老親經濟安全網絡,僅憑藉兩者之合作亦無法建構出一個完整而妥善之經濟安全網。惟私扶養與公扶助所扮演著「殘補式」的功能及角色,各自在老親經濟安全保障上仍存有一定之價值及必要性,思及整體經濟安全保障體系之建構與整合時,一個更有尊嚴、不需資產調查、無社會烙印之預防性保障措施,更是社會各界對於社會保險及年金制度殷切期盼且寄予厚望之原因所在。生、老、病、死是人生必經過程,禮記禮運篇:「…..故人不獨親其親,不獨子其子,使老有所終,壯有所用,幼有所長,鰥寡孤獨廢疾者皆有所養……」之理想境界,不僅是過去的理想,亦是當代老親的衷願。
8

我國退休金制度與老人經濟安全保障之探討 / Study of the pension system and old-age economic security in Taiwan

王季云, Wang , Ji-Yun Unknown Date (has links)
本文分析現在的退休金制度和老年經濟安全保障的情形,同時討論家庭所得來源的趨勢,並推估未來退休後所需的費用。最後提供予個人儘早為自己做一些規劃與準備的建議。老年經濟安全保障在台灣地區因為各項因素的影響,顯得十分不足,經由收集資料並分析比較後,以15~64歲的人口來看老年經濟安全三層的保障情況,其中佔4%的軍公教人員有較完整的退休保障制度;佔50%的勞工人口,在第一層的保障中,於2000年平均勞保老年給付每人658,273元。又因為制度未臻完善,第二層之保障只有1~2%的人可以領到退休金。此外,佔有7%的農民在年滿65歲之後,只有不完整的第一層保障,即每月3,000元的老農津貼可領。其他39%的人是未參加公保、勞保或農保等任一項社會保險的。也就是有95%的人是需要儘早規劃退休後的經濟準備。面對大環境中的財政赤字及個人平均壽命的增長,子女親朋經濟支援的減少等等因素,更顯得及早規劃老年經濟安全的迫切性。 關鍵詞:老年經濟安全保障、退休金、國民年金、生活費用推估、所得替代率 / This study focused on investigation and evaluation of the pension system and economic security program in Taiwan. For indviduals, the trend on home income and the required expense for the future retirement were discussed and estimated. Becaurs of several factors, the program of old-age economic security in Taiwan area seems not sound. For this topic, the work force, between 15 and 64 ears old, are taken into account, There are three tiers for the program of old-age economic security, which anr social security and benefit, pension, and individual saving. One of hte finding was that public officials, about four percent of the work force, benefit much more form the pension system and old-age economic security program. The labores, about 50 percent of the work force, have the everage amount NT$658,273 for the 1<sup>st</sup>-tier social security and benefit in 2000. Due to the unsound system and the qualiication problem, less than two percent of the laborers can obtain the 2<sup>nd</sup>-tier pension. Beside, farmers, about seven percent of the work force, can obtain the 1<sup>st</sup>-tier social security and benefit until they are 65 years old or more. Those qualified farmers can obtain NT$3,000 each month. Other individuals are not enrolled in any social insurance and pension program. The public welfare system can hardly cover the economic needs for the aged individuals. Therefore, 95 percent of the work force should plan their own retirement welfare programs in advance to secure thir economic safety. Key words: Old-age Economic Security, Pension, Citizen Beneficiary, Living Expensee Estimate, income replacement rate
9

上海合作組織安全角色之研究 / Security role of the Shanghai cooperation organization studies

呂學燄, Lu, Hsyue Yen Unknown Date (has links)
20世紀的80至90年代初期,國際形勢發生劇烈動盪與變化,蘇聯於發生解體、東歐局勢劇變,過去美蘇「兩強對峙」之兩極格局所造成40多年的冷戰終告結束,國際體系由「一超多強」,轉變成多極化方向發展。此時中國在綜合國力發展上也有很大的變化,態勢積極的朝大國關係方向調整,除專注內部發展外,更重視與周邊國家的安全關係。中國知到,一個穩定、和睦的周邊環境,才有利於中國持續性發展,在周邊建立安全與穩定的緩衝帶後,可避免與其他大國發生衝突。因為,有安全的環境,才會有安定的社會,才能全面發展經濟,而維繫這種關係的要件,是安全互需和經濟互利與合作。 「上海合作組織」的前身是建立於1996年的「上海五國」機制,是中蘇兩國關於邊境的雙邊談判,蘇聯崩解後改為「上海五國」雙邊談判,再演變成「上海五國」的多邊會談。不但開啟有關邊境軍事安全的會談協商機制,同時亦開啓了穩定區域安全的多邊關係及區域合作模式。烏茲別克加入後,於2001年6月15日,6國元首共同宣布在「上海五國」機制的基礎上成立「上海合作組織」(Shanghai Cooperation Organization),並發表「上海合作組織成立宣言」。這是中國第一個促成的多邊組織,也是第一個以中國城市命名的政府間組織,成員國包括中國、俄羅斯、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯、塔吉克及烏茲別克等6個國家。 「上海合作組織」創立的首要任務是確保該組織內的和平、安全與穩定,堅決打擊「三股勢力」、毒品及走私等非法交易。並認知當前的國際安全必須建立在各國平等、互信、互利及合作的基礎上,藉由每年定期舉行的元首峰會、總理會議、外交部長會議及不定期舉行的國家協調員會議、各部門領導人會議形成組織運作機制。而位於北京的秘書處及塔什干的地區反恐機構,這兩個常設機構的設立,使上海合作組織朝向更寬廣的方向邁進。本篇論文試圖瞭解冷戰終止及美國「911」恐怖攻擊事件發生後,「上海合作組織」運作與發展方向,直接或間接影響區域經濟及軍事安全的程度為何?另外,就「上海合作組織」與其他大國或國際組織的關係,對全球戰略所產生的影響為何?尤其是中國、美國、日本與俄羅斯的多方戰略關係的發展,非常值得予以持續觀注。 / 1980 to early 1990s, the international system develops from " one superpower and several powers " into a multi-polar direction due to severe turbulences and changes of the international situation, the disintegration of Soviet Union and the drastic changes of Eastern Europe, and the end of the 40-years Cold War which caused by the "a two-confrontation" bipolar situation between U.S.A and the Soviet Union in the past. At this point, there are also great changes in China’s the overall national development, For instance, a positive trend towards big power relations reorientation. Except to focus on internal development, China places more importance on security relations with neighboring countries. China knows that a stable, harmonious surrounding is conducive to China's sustainable development. To establish security and stability buffer zone in the surrounding can avoid conflict with other powers. Since a secure environment is the key to a stable society and a fully develop economic while interdependence and cooperation of security need and economic benefit is the essential element of maintaining this relationship. "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" develops from the "Shanghai Five" mechanism which established in 1996. It was the Sino-Soviet bilateral talks about border between the two countries, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became the "Shanghai Five" bilateral negotiations which is followed into the "Shanghai Five State "in multilateral talks. This development not only opened consultation mechanism talks on the border military security, also opened a stable regional security, multilateral relations, and regional cooperation. After Uzbekistan joined in June 15, 2001, six heads of state announced the establishment of the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" which based on the "Shanghai Five" mechanism and issued a "Declaration of Shanghai Cooperation Organization." This is the first multilateral organization which promoted by China and is the first intergovernmental organization in the name of Chinese city. The member States includes China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan and other six countries. The first and foremost task of "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" is to ensure peace, security and stability of the organization, and resolutely combat the "three forces", drugs, smuggling and other illegal transactions. And to aware that the current international security must be based on national equality, mutual trust, mutual benefit and cooperation. By holding annual heads of states summit meeting, Prime Ministers meeting, Foreign Ministers meeting, and occasional meetings of national coordinators, leaders of various departments to form the operating mechanism of organizations. The establishments of two permanent organizations, the Secretariat in Beijing and the 4 regional anti-terrorism agency in Tashkent, lead the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to move towards a broader direction. This paper attempts to find out the operation and development direction of the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" after the end of Cold War and "911" terrorist attacks in the United States, and the degree of how does this directly or indirectly affect the regional economic and military security so far? In addition, what is the impact that the relationships of the"Shanghai Cooperation Organization" between other major countries or international organizations affects on global strategic? Especially the development of multi-strategic relations between China, the United States, Japan and Russia, is very worthwhile continuing being concerned. Keywords:Shanghai Cooperation Organization, economic security, military security, Central Asia, relations among major powers

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