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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

智慧型手機多門號衍生性產品策略行銷分析-以A公司個案為例 / Multiple numbers of smartphone derivative product in strategic marketing analysis -- a case study of company A

賴彥文 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣自從1997年開放行動電話通訊業務並於2002年開放3G行動業務後,使得手持裝置與動通訊業務蓬勃發展,行動電話普及率於2003年曾經創下世界第一的紀錄,代表著台灣消費者已經接受行動通訊成為生活中的重要環節;隨著個人生活與商業型態的發展,消費者僅用一個門號已經漸漸不敷使用,多門號使用的需要,逐漸成為數位生活裡的新需求。此外,隨著消費者開始普遍地接受智慧型手持裝置在生活的上帶來的便利,智慧型手機的普及率也在這幾年持續快速的增長,利用智慧型手機的擴充方便性,加上對於多門號使用的需要,便衍生出所謂的智慧型手機多門號的衍生性產品的發展。 過去探討創新商品多主要以產品的相對優勢為重心,但是創新產品的擴散還與資訊搜尋、道德危機與專屬資產3大因素有深遠的關係;此外,創新產品在導入一個市場的過程當中,還需要經過通路零售商,才能到達消費者的手中,中間過程當中通路零售商便有舉足輕重的影響力。本研究以台灣智慧型手機消費者為研究範圍,以4C交易成本為主要理論,從消費者的觀點與不同面向,輔以分析通路零售商的關係與影響力,來探討創新產品的進入一個市場的行銷策略。 最後,透過實際個案資料的彙整與關鍵價值鏈中重要角色的深入訪談,分析在該競爭環境之下,除了如何調整行銷策略使消費者更加容易採納之外,並使公司與競爭者相比能擬定出更具競爭優勢的策略規劃。面對未來創新產品開發與利基市場的經營,相信後續之研究可以利用本研究結果為基礎,進行更進一步、更廣泛、更深入的專研。 / Taiwan government, in 1997, releases the license of telecommunication business and enables 3G mobile business in 2002, it has made handheld devices and mobile communications business to flourish. Telecommunication penetration rate hit the record of 1st in the world in 2003, which represents that Taiwanese consumers have accepted the mobile communication and it has become an important part of life. According to the change of personal life and business patterns, consumer with single mobile number has become gradually inadequate. The need for multiple numbers has gradually become the new demand of digital life. In addition, as consumers generally begin to accept the smart handheld device convenience in their life, smart phone penetration also kept rapid growth in the past few years. Make use of the expansibility of smart phone and the need of multiple mobile numbers, it nurtures the development of the so-called smart phone multi-number derivative products. The analysis of innovative product focuses on the comparative advantage. It’s not enough. The diffusion of innovative product has involved other 3 factors, including information search, moral hazard, and asset specificity. Besides, in enabling one innovative product into a market, consumer has to digest the information of the product through distributor and retailer. In the process, Distributor and retailer play the significant role to have the influence on the purchasing. Based on the case study of company A and significant data through interviews with key players in the value chain, this thesis is going to analyze the status of competition of the product and company among competitors. By the analysis, it’s able to figure out the proper strategy, not only encourage consumer to adopt the product, but also secures the vantage position in the market. Hope the thesis can become a good reference to benefit other searchers in the development of innovative product and the approaching of niche market.
32

海外可轉換公司債融資及金融衝擊對台灣上市電子公司使用衍生性金融商品避險之研究

陳思勻, Chen , Szuyun Unknown Date (has links)
企業為了避免公司價值的變動受到匯率及利率風險的影響,一般而言均會採用衍生性金融商品進行避險,而台灣企業在衍生性金融商品市場逐漸成熟的這段期間中,也逐漸加入這股使用浪潮中,但是,究竟什麼才是決定企業是否避險的重要因素呢?什麼才是企業在取捨不同衍生性金融商品作為避險工具時的考量呢? 在此一研究領域中,存在許多國內外文獻進行探討,由於國內文獻大多著重於研究公司是否使用衍生性金融商品避險的重要決定因子,探討與何種理論相符,較少文獻針對公司在面臨外匯風險及利率風險後,如何選擇衍生性金融商品作為避險工具的議題加以研究,有鑑於此,本文著重於研究期貨、選擇權、遠期外匯、交換等衍生性金融商品的使用與公司特徵間的關係,探討是否與公司所面臨的匯率風險或利率風險相關?此外,2001年後海外可轉換公司債逐漸成為國內企業重要的融資工具,尤以上市電子公司最為重要,因此,本文的另一重點為探討「海外可轉換公司債」對企業避險行為及避險工具選擇之影響,並以台灣上市電子公司為研究樣本。最後,本文研究期間為1995年第1季∼2002年第2季,藉以觀察1997年下半年發生的東亞金融風暴及2001年中央銀行連續調降利率政策對企業避險行為及避險工具選擇之影響。 實證結果發現公司規模、長期負債比率、內部人持股比率、流動比率及外銷比率為台灣上市電子業公司是否使用衍生性金融商品避險的重要決定因素。在衍生性金融商品市場之交易成本具經濟規模型態及涉外風險多樣化的推論下,實證結果發現公司規模及外銷比率與選擇權、遠期外匯、交換衍生性金融商品的使用呈顯著正相關。此外,實證結果顯示台灣上市電子公司為規避發行海外可轉換公司債伴隨的外匯及利率風險,將傾向使用適合不確定性交易的選擇權及交換這兩種衍生性金融商品進行避險。由於長期負債對利率的敏感度較短期負債為高,所以長期負債的比率越高時,公司將會使用利率交換作為管理利率風險的工具。 東亞金融風暴後,台灣上市電子公司決定是否從事避險時,除考量公司規模外,更注重長期負債比率,以降低因東亞外匯市場大幅波動提高的財務危機成本。此外,外銷比率和公司避險決策呈十分顯著的正向關係,而且根據實證結果,避險工具含括選擇權、遠期外匯及交換,意味著國際化程度越高的公司在東亞金融風暴發生後意識到同時控管外匯風險及利率風險的重要。至於台灣上市電子公司規避外匯風險的工具,也因東亞金融風暴產生重要的衝擊,實證結果發現台灣上市電子公司在規避匯率風險時,將一部份從遠期外匯衍生性金融商品的使用轉為選擇權衍生性金融商品的使用,原因可能為在國內外情勢未明的情況下,國內上市電子公司貿然使用遠期外匯避險,反而可能使公司暴露於更大的匯率風險中,因此,公司將會使用較具彈性的選擇權作為避險工具。2001年中央銀行連續調降利率後,海外可轉換公司債和公司避險與否呈現顯著正相關,至於規避風險的種類,經由實證結果發現為利率風險。
33

有記憶性信用價差期間結構模型

李弘道 Unknown Date (has links)
本文建立了當違約機率及回收率為隨機變動,同時信用等級移動有記憶性,且回收率和無風險利率期間結構相關之信用風險價差期間結構模型。並評價信用價差選擇權及有對手違約風險普通選擇權之價值。 此模型產生的信用價差有更多的變化性,將可描述:信用價差的隨機波動行為,且即使信用等級沒變,價差仍可能發生改變;信用價差與無風險利率期間結構有相關性;公司特定或證券特定的價差及其變動行為;處於等級上升或下降趨勢公司債券之殖利率曲線,能更準確配適有風險債券的價格等實際現象。 並可應用至有對手違約風險之商品及多種信用衍生性商品等的評價與避險,且可進行風險管理方面的應用。 關鍵詞:信用風險;信用風險價差;馬可夫模型;信用衍生性商品 / In this thesis we develop a credit migration model with memory for the term structure of credit risk spreads. Our model incorporates stochastic default probability, stochastic recovery rate, and the correlation between the recovery rate and the term structure of risk-free interest rates. We derive valuation formulae for a credit spread option and a plain vanilla option with counterparty risk. This model provides greater variability in credit spreads, and it has properties in line with what have been observed in practice: (1) credit spreads show diffusion-like behavior even though the credit rating of the firm has not changed; (2) the model injects correlation between spreads and the term structure of interest rates; (3) the model enables firm-specific and security-specific variability of spreads to be accommodated; and (4) the model enables us to estimate the yield curves corresponding to the positive and negative trends of credit ratings and match the observed risky bond prices more precisely. This model is useful for pricing and hedging OTC derivatives with counterparty risk, for pricing and hedging credit derivatives, and for risk management. Key Words: Credit Risk, Credit Risk Spread, Markov Model, Credit Derivative.
34

衍生性金融商品對台灣銀行業經營效率之影響分析

方麗菁 Unknown Date (has links)
本文採用三階段之DEA經濟效率分析民國93年至民國96年46家臺灣本國銀行的表現,其中第二階段依Fried et al. (1999)所示,利用Tobit迴歸將可能的外部環境因素排除,本文特色為在此階段考慮臺灣於民國95年甫正式上路之財務會計準則第34號公報及其對金融資產,特別是衍生性金融所造成的影響。本文發現:經二階段調整後效率值確有顯著的差異,故壞帳、公民營、衍生性商品使用程度、分行數等非內部經營管理所能掌握因素排除後,效率值確實改變;且衍生性商品使用程度,以各銀行衍生性金融商品名目本金除以總資產以為衡量之,將此一外在環境制度因素加入第二階段TOBIT分析,結果顯示其確實顯著的影響資本資金及投入等三項差額變數,且均為遞增關係。 / In this research we try to analyze the efficiency of Taiwan’s banking industry with multi-stage DEA approach. Following Fried et al. (1999), we exclude the environmental factors by running Tobit regressions for every input variables at the second stage. Among all existing researches focus on banking efficiency, this is the only one which take into account the effect of Accounting Standards No. 34. The new rule set up different concepts about how to disclose financial assets and derivatives properly, which may also change consumers’ behaviors. We find out that the second stage adjustments did make differences on efficiency scores. Also the usage of derivatives are proved to be significantly and positively related to three input slake variables.
35

我國財務會計準則第34號及第36號公報對企業操作衍生性金融商品之影響

賴怡君 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之研究主題有兩大部份。第一部份探討公司特質與其使用衍生性金融商品之關聯性。第二部份探討公司特質與其使用衍生性金融商品程度之關聯性,並檢驗我國財務會計準則第34號及第36號公報實施後,對企業操作衍生性金融商品之影響。 第一部份之實證結果顯示,公司規模愈大、長期負債比率愈高、股利發放率愈高、流動比率愈低、研發費用率愈高以及外銷比率愈高之公司,愈傾向使用衍生性金融商品。上述公司特質為企業使用衍生性金融商品之決定因素。 第二部份之實證結果顯示,公司規模愈大、長期負債比率愈高、股利發放率愈高以及外銷比率愈高的公司,其衍生性金融商品使用程度愈大。此外,第34號及第36號公報實施後,樣本公司使用衍生性金融商品之程度低於公報實施前,故推論此兩號公報之實施,的確影響公司對於衍生性金融商品之操作,使其態度趨於保守。 / This study focuses on the following issues. First, this study examines the relationship between corporate characteristics and its use of derivatives. Second, I further investigate the relationship between corporate characteristics and its degree of use of derivatives. In addition, the impact of SFAS No.34 and No.36 on corporate use of derivatives is also examined. The main conclusions are as follows. On the first issue, the empirical results show that for the firms with greater size, greater long-term liability ratio, greater dividend payout ratio, lower current ratio, greater R&D ratio and greater export ratio, they are more likely to use derivatives. These characteristics are important determinants for corporate use of derivatives. In the second issue, the empirical results indicate that for the firms with greater size, greater long-term liability ratio, greater dividend payout ratio and greater export ratio, their degrees of using derivatives are greater. In addition, the degree of corporate use of derivatives decreases after SFAS No. 34 and No. 36 became applicable. The corporate use of derivatives became more conservative after the application of these two pronouncements.
36

波動度選擇權套利分析與策略:應用於香港衍生性金融市場 / The Long & Short Volatility Option Trading Analysis: With Application to Hong Kong Derivatives Warrants Markets

鄭凱名, Cheng, Kai-Ming Unknown Date (has links)
本論文的理論研究先進入選擇權的理論基礎,探討選擇權重要的定價理論與選擇權最新的避險理論,再進一步探討波動度選擇權套利理論,分析利用買權與賣權持入波動度(Long Volatility)或放空波動度(Short Volatility)的組合價值變化。 實證分析方面,本研究將此波動度選擇權套利理論應用在全世界權證交易最活絡的香港權證市場,採取過去1998年香港權證市場做為實證的期間與對象,並且選取香港□生指數前三大成份股:長江實業、匯豐控股、香港電訊做為實證上的樣本,從中各選取其相關權證中交易最活絡的前三支備兌認購(沽)權證做為波動套利理論實證,本研究為力求與套利時能與香港實務環境相吻合,亦進一步分析香港衍生性金融市場的交易制度與投資成本,予以詳細考慮香港權證與證券市場的交易成本與稅賦,並且將可能衍生的成本加計香港的銀行利息,試圖求取最符合實務環境下的資金成本。並且考慮三種不同波動度的估計方式,期望在嚴謹的分析下,比較出最客觀的套利方式。除此之外,並列舉出香港實務界在操作權證或選擇權常用的套利策略。 我們發現在過去1998年香港權證市場應用波動度選擇權套利策略都能產生超額的利潤,而且比較三種波動度估計下的套利表現,發現採取Garman & Klass波動度估計式整體套利表現優於隱含波動度(Implied Volatility)與傳統的歷史波動度(Historical Volatility) 的計算方式。 另外發現的是:採取持入波動度套利時,股價大幅下跌,較股價大幅上漲的套利利潤要高出許多,這樣的實證結果與股價下跌市場波動度上升、股價上漲市場波動度下降的理論現象完全一致,因此發現當我們採取持入波動度策略,面對股價大幅下挫而使得市場股價波動度上升,所能捕捉到的套利利潤亦隨之大增。此外,我們利用認購權證推算隱含波動度亦可發現香港備兌權證具有波動度微笑(Volatility Smile)的現象。故本研究實證結果與理論皆獲得一致的結論。 值得一提的是:本研究嘗試利用權證推算市場隱含波動度,在適當的時機採取不同的波動度套利策略,靈活採取持入波動度與放空波動度的套利操作,皆能獲取比單純只採取持入波動度套利策略較高的報酬,值得提供給市場投資者予以深入探討。 PART1:緒論 第一章 前言與緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………..….…1-1 第二節 研究問題與目的 ……………………………………….1-2 第三節 研究範圍與內容…………………………………….…..1-2. 第四節 論文架構流程…………………………………………...1-4 PART2:理論探討與文獻回顧 第二章 現代選擇權定價理論 第一節 Black-Scholes Model .…………………………………..2-1 第二節 Black-Scholes Extended Model…………………………2-3 第三節 CRR Binomial Tree Model……………………………...2-7 第四節 B-S Model的缺陷與實務上的限制……………………2-8 第三章 現代選擇權避險理論 第一節 影響選擇權價值的因素及其價格敏感性……….…….3-1 第二節 風險中立避險法…………………………………..……3-8 第三節 永恆靜態避險法…………………………………….….3-3 第四節 選擇權在交易成本下之間斷性避險…………………..3-16 第四章 股價波動度下之選擇權套利理論分析 第一節 持入波動度套利理論分析……………………………..4-1 第二節 放空波動度套利理論分析……………………………..4-19 第三節 波動度賣權套利理論分析……………………………..4-27 第四節 選擇權合成套利理論分析……………………………..4-37 PART3:波動度套利理論之實務應用:以香港備兌權證市場為實證 第五章 香港認購(沽)權證市場之析論 第一節 備兌認購權證與權益認股權證…………………………..5-1 第二節 香港股票選擇權、認股權證與恆指選擇權之比較……..5-2 第三節 香港權證市場之交易制度與投資成本分析……………..5-5 第四節 香港備兌權證市場之投資實務…………………………..5-8 第六章 香港實務界常見的選擇權套利策略 第一節 多頭市場:牛市認購(沽)跨價套利…………………6-1 第二節 空頭市場:熊市認購(沽)跨價套利…………………6-3 第三節 波動市場:購入馬鞍式與勒束式組合…………………6-6 第四節 盤整市場:比率認購(沽)跨價套利…………………6-8. 第五節 各種選擇權套利策略之總結……………………………6-11 第七章 波動度套利實證分析與結果 第一節 分析香港權證市場近況…………………………………..7-1 第二節 資料描述與選取採樣……………………………………..7-7 第三節 股價波動度與市場交易成本之計算……………………..7-10 第四節 波動度套利: 以香港備兌認購(沽)權證市場為實證……7-13 PART4:總結 第八章 結論與建議 第一節 結論…………………………………………………………8-1 第二節 建議…………………………………………………………8-2 第三節 對後續研究之建議…………………………………………8-3 附錄一:1998年香港金融市場大事紀要………………………………..Ⅰ 附錄二:1998年香港恆生指數十大漲跌幅統計………………………...Ⅳ 附錄三:香港的銀行與證券商證券交易部份收費之比較………………Ⅴ 附錄四:香港證券市場常用術語解釋……………………………………Ⅵ 附錄五:長江實業、匯豐控股、香港電訊的歷史股價波動度圖………Ⅸ 參考文獻 / First, Our research tries to get into the theoretical base of the options:the important pricing theories and the most advanced hedging ones of the derivatives instruments. Further than that, by analyzing the changes of the portfolio value composed of long volatility and short volatility of call and put options, it would explore the essence of volatility option trading theory. On the empirical analysis front, we will apply the volatility option trading theory to the most liquid derivatives warrants market in the world □ Hong Kong derivatives warrants markets. The subjects in this research are Cheung Kong (Holdings) Ltd , HSBC Holding Plc , Hong Kong Telcom Ltd □ the three heaviest components in HK Heng Seng stock Index. And the sample period is 1998 with the derivatives warrants data of the three companies, we test the volatility option trading theory. In order to fit the HK market conditions while the arbitrage operation take place, we analyze the HK trading system and the investment costs derived from the interest charge by the bank in HK to reach the opportunity costs in line with practical environment. By comparison of these three different volatility estimators, we can define the most objective way to do the trading in the most discreet manner. On the top of that, we enumerate the common trading strategies with warrants and options in HK markets. We find that the volatility option trading theory can yield excess return in the 1998 HK warrants markets. Moreover, adopting Garman & Klass volatility estimators outperforms the implied volatility and the historical volatility ones as well. On the side line: when the investors trade with long volatility in the falling stock market profit from the strategies are much larger than the ones generated from sharply stock price rise market. The conclusion is consistent with the theory that when the stock price is falling; the market volatility increases and vice versa. Therefore the more market volatility caused by the stock price fall at the large scale, the more profit captured by the options trading method. By the way, in this process that we infer the implied volatility by using the market information, we can also find phenomenon of volatility smile which is coherent with the original theory. It worth mention that our research is approximated the implied volatility in the market with the warrants. By wisely adopting different volatility trading strategies in the different time and long & short volatility could profit better than purely the performance of long volatility trading strategies. That could pave the way for the market participants to study further on such issues in the near future.
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會計師事務所審計人員對衍生性金融商品財務報導與查核能力之研究 / A study on auditors' cognition and audit ability on derivative financial instruments in Taiwan

李希道, Lee, Hsi-Tao Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的是探討會計師事務所審計人員對衍生性金融商品(DFI)的財務報導與查核能力,並分析可能影響此項能力的因素。另一目的則是希望探討審計人員對財務會計準則公報第二十七號的意見及看法,以及對這號公報的瞭解程度。本研究以問卷為蒐集資料的工具,在139份回收的問卷中,只有24位審計人員不知道什麼是DFI,約有九成的審計人員認為查核含有從事DFI交易公司之財務報表之審體審計風險較沒有從事此類交易的公司高。造成審計人員對DFI財務報導的認知程度差異的原因,經統計檢定後,有下列幾項: (1) 審計人員在事務所擔任的職位, (2) 審計人員認定衍生性金融商品的能力,以及 (3) 審計人員是否曾經查過衍生性金融商品。 造成審計人員對DFI財務報導查核能力差異的原因經統計檢定後,有下 列幾項: (1) 事務所的規模, (2) 審計人員之最高學歷, (3) 審計人員是否已取得會計師資格, (4) 審計人員在事務所擔任的職位, (5) 審計人員認定衍生性金融商品的能力, (6) 審計人員對衍生性金融商品的熟悉程度,以及 (7) 審計人員是否曾經查過衍生性金融商品。 審計人員是否曾查核過DFI並不會影響其對第二十七號公報的熟悉程度。此外,約三成的審計人員認為「各類商品之財務風險」與「商品之公平市價」是其依照此號公報查核DFI時最難決定之項目。至於審計人員如何驗證客戶在財務報表上所揭露關於DFI的公平價值,約各有三成的審計人員取得之方式為「採用公開市場之成交價」、「向銀行詢價」。 值得注意的是,在瞭解第二十七號公報的審計人員當中,只有約半數認為依照第二十七號公報揭露DFI,能幫助閱表者評估風險;同樣地,也只有半數的審計人員認為第二十七號公報能對他們在查核DFI時提供更明確的指引。審計人員是否曾經查核過DFI不會影響他們對這兩個問題的看法。 / In this study, the author investigated the degree of auditors' cognition and audit ability on derivative financial instruments (DFI) in Taiwan and he studied some factors that might affect these abilities. Besides, the author also investigated auditors' opinions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 27 in ROC. The author used questionnaire as a tool in gathering data. Factors that might affect auditors' cognition of DFI are as follows: (1) The current job position of auditors. (2) The auditors' abilities to recognize DFI. (3) The auditors' experiences of auditing DFI. Factors that might affect auditors' audit ability of DFI are as follows: (1) Firm size. (2) The highest education auditors received. (3) Whether they have got CPA license. (4) The current job position of auditors. (5) The auditors' abilities to recognize DFI. (6) The auditors' experiences of auditing DFI. (7) The extent of auditors' familiarity toward DFI. Auditors' opinions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 27 in ROC can be concluded as follows: (1) Only half of the auditors who understand this statement think it can help them to audit DFI related disclosures. (2) Whether auditors have audited DFI doesn't affect the extent of auditors' familiarity toward DFI. (3) "Financial risk" and " fair value of DFI" are two of the most difficult items to decide when auditors audit DFI.
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店頭衍生性商品交易集中結算之研究─以美國2010金融改革法案為中心 / A study on the central clearing of over-the-counter derivatives –emphasis on the U.S. financial reform act 2010

鄭琇霙 Unknown Date (has links)
原為避險目的而生之衍生性商品,因為金融創新,不僅交易規模擴大,交易對象也變得多元,甚至進一步成為部分投機者賺取高報酬之工具。依統計資料,透過店頭市場交易之衍生性商品,其名目價值遠高於在集中市場交易者,然店頭市場交易係由雙方自行協商交易條件,在欠缺相關揭露要求之情況下,市場透明度低,且欠缺有力之違約風險控管機制,兼之此市場中參與者間之高度關聯性,使得一旦有違約情況發生,影響層面往往波及當事人以外之眾多對象。 在金融危機過後,國際間開始檢討此次危機之成因,並研擬後續可能改革方向,針對店頭市場交易部分,則強調透過集中交易、集中結算以及交易資訊揭露等方式加強監管。美國為眾多戮力於金融改革之國家中較早通過具體條文者,2010年的改革法案將店頭衍生性交易納入規範,以集中結算為改革重點,並施加交易資訊申報公開、保證金、資本準備和部位限制等要求。儘管集中結算制度為改革關鍵,在法案中卻存在部分豁免規定,例如僅標準化衍生性商品須集中結算、外匯換匯及遠期外匯兩類衍生性商品可免集中結算、以及最終使用者所從事之交易亦可豁免等。 對於上述豁免規定,本文認為基於集中結算制度本身運作之前提,為結算之衍生性商品必須有一定之流動性及標準化,加上採行集中結算可能會增加之避險成本,因此美國改革法案中之例外為妥協後之結果。上述例外存在之本身,以及相關主管機關所提行政規則修正草案中存在之缺失,皆增加了藉以規避集中結算制度之可能性,而成為美國改革法案集中結算制度之潛在漏洞,無法防範店頭衍生性交易再度賈禍。觀察過去美國幾次重大金融改革,皆是在金融危機後大幅加強對市場之管制,然管制之必要性卻須待多年運行後才能獲致理性檢驗之機會。此次集中結算制度之改革然結果如何,仍需待實際於市場實施後才能準確評價。 / Because of financial innovation, the trading volume of derivatives increases and the market participants get varied. Derivatives, that were developed to hedge or mitigate risk, become one of the tools to speculate. According to statistics, the total nominal value of derivatives traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market is much higher than that traded in the exchange. Because of the low market transparency, the lack of powerful risk mitigating mechanism and the high correlation among major market participants, default of one counterparty may cause systemic risk. After the global financial market meltdown in 2008, countries devoted attention to the causes of the financial crisis, especially to the OTC derivatives. To reduce the risk identified in the OTC derivatives market, trading on the exchange or electronic trading platform, central clearing and information disclosure are some measures to be implemented. The Dodd-Frank Act was the earliest reform act passed by the U.S. among these countries. Although central clearing is the major component of the act, there are also several exemptions of it. For example, non-standard derivatives, foreign exchange swaps, foreign exchange forwards and derivatives traded by end-user are exempted from central clearing requirement. To be central cleared, the OTC derivatives must be standardized and with certain liquidity. Once central cleared, companies would be unable to use customized derivatives to mitigate commercial risk and the cost of hedge would probability increases. These are some reasons mentioned to support the central clearing exemption. However, the existence of these exemptions may become the inherent loopholes of the act. This article would first introduce the central clearing exemptions and evaluate the possible effect these exemptions might cause.
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可違約互換率之匯率連動選擇權的評價 / Valuation of Quanto Options on Defaultable Swap Rates

陳宏銘 Unknown Date (has links)
本文探討可違約互換率之匯率連動選擇權的評價,外國以及本國違約交 換率的動態是建立在LIBOR 市場模型的框架。為了簡化推導過程,我們將 原本本國以及外國交換率的雙動態轉為單一動態, 因此違約以及履約價將轉 換為一個固定的常數比率來評價可違約互換率之匯率連動選擇權。由於商品 本身是考量違約的情況,因此使用遠期的存活測度來評價可違約互換率之匯 率連動選擇權。最後在數值分析的部分我們使用蒙地卡羅來模擬可違約互換 率之匯率連動選擇權,理論值與模擬值的結果接近。 / This study prices quanto options on defaultable swap rates (QODSR) in which domestic and foreign defaultable swap rates are considered in the LIBOR market model. We use two fixed ratios to price the QODSR with the default and strike rate property. The forward default-swap measure provides a simple method for valuing the QODSR. Numerical analysis is performed and compared with the Monte Carlo method to investigate the effects of volatility and default on the QODSR.
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匯率避險、公司治理與盈餘資訊內涵關聯性之研究 / A study on the association among foreign exchange rate exposure hedging, corporate governance, and information content of earnings

朱全斌, Chu, Chuan-Pin Unknown Date (has links)
台灣對國際貿易市場依賴程度極高,總體經濟環境極易受到國際經濟變數的影響,其中尤以匯率的變動,係我國進出口貿易最直接並重要的影響因素之一。為了生產及銷售競爭之需要,我國企業積極對海外投資並設立海外子公司或據點以進行國際分工,企業的國際化更加重所面臨匯率波動所產生的外匯暴露。 本研究基於我國企業面對的外匯暴露程度,探討影響我國企業外匯暴露及操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露的公司治理因素,並針對外匯避險是否具有盈餘資訊內涵進行研討,具體而言,本研究將探討下列問題: 一、操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露與外匯暴露程度的關聯性; 二、公司治理對操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露的影響程度; 三、操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露是否具有資訊內涵。 本研究的結果發現,操作衍生性金融商品係有助於規避外匯風險;而公司治理中的董事能力及董事會的獨立性則對我國企業在是否選擇操作衍生性金融商品避險時,有重大影響力。基於外匯暴露是我國企業普遍面臨的風險,上述結果應有助於我國企業在面對外匯風險時,決定是否採用衍生性金融商品規避外匯風險上,有一定的助益。本研究並發現企業操作衍生性金融商品避險是具有盈餘資訊內涵的,此對文獻中較少針對企業面對風險的避險決策是否對股票報酬有所影響的議題,可作為該領域研究方向及結果的補強。 / Due to an extremely high level of dependence on international trade, the macroeconomic environment in Taiwan is affected by international economic variables deeply. Particularly, the change of foreign exchange rates is one of the most direct and significant factors for the international trade of Taiwan. Further, the internationalization of local enterprises by actively expanding their investment internationally and setting up overseas subsidiaries makes these enterprises suffer more from the exposure of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. This study therefore investigates the following issues: 1. The association between hedging foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives and the foreign exchange rate exposure. 2. The impact of corporate governance on the hedging decisions of the management. 3. Is there any information content of the hedging against foreign exchange rate exposure? The results of this study show that: (1) The hedging against foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives decreases the foreign exchange rate exposure; (2) Two of corporate governance factors namely finance expertise and independence of the board of directors have significant effects on the hedging decisions; and (3) Hedging against the foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives provides information content of earnings. This study contributes to the practice and the academics in the following ways: (1) As an aid for the management to decide whether to hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives when facing foreign exchange rate exposure; (2) As an extension of the literature on the association between hedging decisions and the stock returns.

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