工学設計とは,複数の性能要求を満たすべく,膨大な数の設計変数の最適値を求め,自らが望む設計を選択していく,設計探査と意思決定のプロセスである. 本研究では,これら２つの主要課題に対して,多様かつ優れた解を高速に得るための「設計空間探査」と高次元かつ膨大な設計候補群から主要な設計パターンを抽出し,その特徴を定量的に分析するための「設計モード解析」の技術を開発し,その有効性を示した. / In engineering design, we try to find better solutions that satisfy many design requirements. Once the designs have been found, we choose preferable one. Engineering design is the mixed procedure of design exploration and decision making. This study proposes the effective solution for each engineering process: (1) a novel optimization algorithm to rapidly derive better designs, and (2) "design mode analysis" which enables us to extract representative design patterns from the huge number of design examples. Effectiveness of the proposed method were verified in real-world problems. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24210号 / 工博第5038号 / 新制||工||1787(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 木村 亮, 教授 肥後 陽介, 准教授 澤村 康生 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23933号 / 農博第2482号 / 新制||農||1089(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R4||N5368(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 五十田 博, 教授 仲村 匡司, 准教授 倉田 真宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第25274号 / 工博第5233号 / 新制||工||1997(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 三浦 研, 教授 神吉 紀世子, 教授 牧 紀男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

本研究首先從文獻回顧及實際調查中深入探討影響參觀者使用博物館行動導覽系統的七大影響因素，接著據此設計並實作出在智慧型手機平台上使用之一套博物館行動導覽系統，以期有效解決現有參觀者遇到的導覽問題。研究中使用設計科學之研究方法，提出解決方案，並且依據實際環境、背景以及文獻基礎，設計整體的系統架構。接著以故宮為例，建構出本研究之博物館行動導覽系統手機應用程式。系統開發完成後，以實驗法進行設計之驗證，評估結果顯示：本研究所提出之行動導覽系統相較於傳統之紙本導覽，可提升參觀者使用博物館行動導覽系統的意願、感知價值及滿意度。本研究之博物館行動導覽系統建置過程、以及系統成效的驗證，可作為手機應用程式（APP）廠商建置行動導覽系統或使用設計科學法開發其他類別的APP之指引；亦或作為博物館策劃展覽活動與導入行動導覽系統之依據；此外本研究亦指出使用者預期實際使用系統之感知與預期系統需求之落差，以供未來相關研究參考。 / In this research, according to literature review and field observations, we first identify and discuss seven design factors affecting visitors’ usability in museum mobile navigation systems. We then design and construct a museum mobile navigation system on the basis of the seven factors. The purpose is to meet the visitors’ needs and increase the visitors’ intention and satisfaction toward using the museum mobile navigation system. Design science research method is used in this research to propose solution plans. According to actual environment, context, and literature, the complete system architecture is designed. We then build a mobile navigation application on Android for the National Palace Museum and evaluate the design to ensure this system can effectively solve the problems that the visitors encountered during navigation process. In this research, the building process of the mobile museum navigation system and the evaluation of the system performance could provide guidance to APP vendors; or a basis for museums to plan an exhibition and to implement a mobile navigation system. Moreover, the gap between users’ perception of using the real system and their expected system requirements can be identified; this could serve as the reference point of future related research.

近來國內公共工程採購案件採取統包發包模式者漸多，惟獨買市場下公共工程統包契約條款卻長期處於失衡狀態，又統包制度使用者對於統包制度或有因誤解或自利心態，而不當錯誤解釋適用契約約款，諸多情形投射於施工條件詭譎多變之鉅額投資統包工程建設活動之中，爭議乃生。其影響整體經濟建設執行能量極深，尤以常見使用之設計建造統包模式底下，事涉契約變更計價爭議之契約條款所示工作範圍解讀最為困擾實務。 爰遵循三段論法精神，先自設計建造統包契約所欲規範適用之事實環境論起。得知於設計建造統包契約，業主僅提供粗略之需求構想，統包商必須依據業主所提供之需求規範及基本設計等而為細部設計，進而由業主核定細部設計後，統包商方得據該核定後細部設計進行施作。其與傳統設計後施作及EPC統包契約最大差異在於承商義務種類及業主干涉程度。另觀察統包營建歷史可知其得克制諸多傳統設計後施作制度之缺點，主要為縮短工作時程及單一權責介面。然須注意所謂設計建造統包制度優點並非絕對，多半需要配合條件，如健全組織之統包團隊，及就自身定位角色扮演成功之設計、監造單位，並適時及早加入專案管理廠商，以統合協調細部設計、工程施作、及監造單位，方足成就。 認識並檢討設計建造統包執行架構後，回歸契約條款層面，檢討設計建造統包契約於總價結算制度下，統包商所面臨之施作成本超支風險轉嫁問題。本文嘗試檢討契約條款認定權限歸屬、契約文件認定順位、及契約條款解釋方法，如：定型化契約條款效力規制、單純的契約解釋、補充的契約解釋等，並多方參照國內統包契約參考範本、國內司法裁判、及國際標準工程契約條款後，逐漸得出：「計價爭議之消弭在於衡平理想之報價結構，而衡平理想之統包報價結構則繫諸於清楚明確之算標基礎資訊」之心得，最末並反覆實作運用於國內仲裁、調解、裁判案件等。因此總結對於設計建造統包商之「契約約定工作範圍」，亦即「風險承受幅度」，其認知判斷應為：統包廠商必須以固定契約總價，承受在履約期間內、在為完成所約定之「工作範圍」程度內，所可能產生「將來實際施作之數量成本」與「投標報價時預估施作之數量成本」之差距，無法為報價所負荷吸收之「成本錯估風險」。亦連帶順利釐清統包契約常見契約變更計價爭議之前提要件—「逾越工作範圍」，應認知為：若係一富有經驗之統包商於提交投標書前，對於業主之需求已然進行應有之詳細檢查與瞭解時，而仍不可期待其得以認知該成本超支風險時，則統包商就該成本超支風險所具化之損害，得請求辦理契約變更並調整契約價金。一言以蔽，與契約變更計價爭議相關之設計建造統包契約條款所示工作範圍履約爭議問題，應圍繞單純契約平均正義實踐概念而行。

「設計」應該是一種創造高附加價值的觀念，不過很可惜的是，在台灣的環境之下，很多的設計業者卻不得不和現實妥協、低頭，放棄當初投入設計的理想和初衷，來從事設計代工或接單(B TO B)等高度競爭的工作，儘管台灣的設計，在國際比賽中，贏得非常多的大獎，擁有很強的設計能力，和受到國際高度的肯定。不過，設計業者在環境的限制之下，仍然沒有辦法利用「設計」來創作高附加價值的作品，或賺取超額的收益及名聲。以拿下美國2009年Gen Art時裝大獎的設計師古又文曾經感慨得說：「我是被台灣這個產業，逼著我一定得出走，因為在這個環境中，如果我想要做我自己，想要做一個有創意，而不是拷貝人家創意的設計師，那幾乎是不可能的 。」 台灣的設計產業究竟出了什麼問題？智慧財產權的制度，又扮演著什麼樣的角色呢？本研究將從設計產業、智慧財產權以及集體管理組織的概念，來討論台灣設計產業所遭遇到的問題與困難，並試圖找尋出一個解決的方案。 在經過一連串的分析以及資料的統整之後，本研究認為台灣設計產業最大的問題有3項，第一，台灣的設計產業以中小型企業為主，競爭激烈，缺乏資金和資源，也無力拓展海外市場和經營品牌；第二，在台灣的設計產業之中，創新的價值，很難轉換到品牌或者商標之上，因此消費者不易分辨原創作品與仿冒商品之差異；第三，市場上缺乏穩健而且可靠的通路系統，設計業者很難將創作商品，在市場上換取收益，並獲得充足的資金來支持其後續的開發和創作。 本研究提出「設計品牌經紀商」的概念，希望能夠解決目前設計產業面臨的交易成本過高，以及中小型設計業者面臨「心有餘而力不足」的問題，如果依照智慧財產權整合的概念，這種類似集體管理團體的組織在達到一定的規模後，可以發揮類似保險公司分散風險的經濟模式，同時也具備了提高談判和議價能力，以及達到降低買賣雙方搜尋成本的好處。 / Design should be a concept of creating value added. However, in Taiwan, many designers are forced to compromise with the reality, doing high competitive jobs like B to B(business-to-business) instead of following their aspirations. Despite the fact that Taiwanese designers have won many international prizes and that their designing abilities have been highly recognized in the world, they are still unable to use “design” to create high value added works, make profits, and gain popularity out of it. Ku Yu-Wen, the designer who won the 2009 Gen Art Prize in the U.S., once said, “I was forced to leave because of this industry in Taiwan. In this environment, it’s almost impossible to be myself, be a creative designer who doesn’t copy.” What problems are we facing in Taiwan’s design industry? What role should the IP policy take? In this research, we will go through the concepts of design industry, intellectual property and collective management organizations, discuss the problems and difficulties faced in Taiwan, and work on a possible solution. After a series of data analysis, the research concludes that Taiwan’s design industry are facing three main problems: First, Taiwan’s design industry is composed of small companies, which are constantly competitive, lack capital and resources, and are unable to expand markets oversea or invest in brand management. Second, in Taiwan’s design industry, it’s difficult to transfer the value of innovation into the brand or the trade mark; therefore, customers are often unable to distinguish the genuine products from the couterfeits. Third, the market lacks stable and reliable marketing channels. It’s difficult for designers to make profits from their works and gain sufficient capital to support their following works. To solve these problems, the research proposes the concept of “designer brands broker” in hopes of lowering the transaction cost and helping those willing but unable designers. Like the integration of intellectual property, when reaching a certain scale, this kind of collective management organizations can help to diversification risk like an insurance company. Furthermore, it can help to increase designers’ negotiating ability and decrease the search cost for both the seller and the buyer.

時尚設計師出面控訴快時尚品牌抄襲的新聞層出不窮，不乏設計師出面指稱現行法規對其保護不足，而時尚設計、服裝設計領域近期不斷以新穎之技術、手法融入設計當中，呈現出更多以往不可能呈現的造型，使得服裝設計越來越像藝術品，並不單單只是為了使人穿著，進而引發是否有必要將服裝設計與傳統藝術作品區別保護之爭辯。 根據美國國會2016年的報告顯示，全球時尚產業每年產值約1.75兆美金，過去曾有紡織王國美稱的台灣，也開始從過去的委託製造（OEM）致力轉型於委託設計製造（ODM），至今努力發展自有品牌（OBM），如何成功打入國際為本土品牌未來應努力之方向。歐盟地區有歐盟共同體設計規定，予以服裝設計周全之設計權保護；美國則長期受制於實用性物品原則之可分離性判斷，而長期無法提供服裝設計之著作權保護；我國雖未明文不予服裝設計著作權保護，但也長期處於不明確之狀態。對設計師而言，不明確之保護即為一不確定風險，將阻礙具創意的新設計之出現，此為台灣推行文化創意產業、將本土品牌推向國際、培育新一代設計師所需解決之問題。 本研究主要分為五章，除第一章為緒論外，第二章為時尚設計產業與國際保護現況之概述，第三章主要論述美國著作權法基本結構且以服裝設計為重心，並就前述基礎由實務案例加以歸納評析美國實務對於服裝設計著作權保護之態度，第四章主要論述我國著作權法基本結構且以服裝設計為重心，並就前述基礎藉由實務案例加以歸納評析我國實務對於服裝設計著作權保護之態度，第五章提出本研究之結論與建議。 經研究發現著作權法並非全然對於服裝設計不予以保護，僅係因立法政策與解釋論上之不穩定見解，導致保護的不確定性，希望透過此篇論文能夠提供我國主管機關解釋上之建議。 / Nowadays, copycat, knock-off accusements appear frequently within fashion design industry. Some of the scholars, industrial representors comment that fashion design is not copyrightable and shall not be protected. However, it is indisputable that fashion is an innovative and orginal form of art. Furthermore, fahion design consists of artisic expression and other unique features. Thus fashion designers and other kind of artists shall not be treated unfairly. This study focuses on copyright protection both in Taiwan and United States. And discuss to what extent shall we protect garment design and how we can seafeguard talented fashion desingers’s creative works. The study is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction part. The second part is talking about the featues of fashion design industry and international rules which are related to fashion design. The third part focuses on copright law, domestic theoretical legal analysis and cases on garment design infringement lawsuits in the United States. The fourth part focuses on copright law, domestic theoretical legal analysis and cases on garment design infringement lawsuits in Taiwan. In the end, this study provides several suggestions for the Taiwanese adminstrtion agencies and juditial authorities.

我國「文化創意產業發展法」於2010年三讀通過，根據第3條之定義，文化創意產業共計15類產業，及一款經中央主關機關指定之產業。法令規章所建構之文化創意產業類別體制，於文化創意產業政策實務推動中之執行完整度，扮演著極為重要角色。 本研究爰從文獻分析，針對文化創意產業政策計畫演變，比較我國與韓國文化創意產業制度設計。在個案選取上，以珠寶產業為例，探究文化創意產業政策執行實務，說明官僚組織設計，對文化創意產業政策執行影響的情形，並提出若干省思及相關建議。 / Taiwan's "Cultural Creative Industry development act" was adopted in 2010 after the third reading. According to the definition in article 3, there are a total of 15 types of industries that are classified as part of the "Cultural Creative Industry" , as well as other industries designated by the Central Competent Authority. The classification system of the Cultural Creative Industry decreed in the regulations plays an extremely important role in implementing the promotion of practical Cultural Creative Industry policies. The present study aims to elucidate the changes in policy planning of the Cultural Creative Industry through a literature review and compare the design of Taiwan's Cultural Creative Industry policies with those of South Korea. The jewelry industry was selected as a study case to investigate the practicality of policy implementation of the Cultural Creative Industry, explain the influences on the policy implementation by the design of the bureaucratic organization, and propose a number of reflections and related suggestions.

手機的導航功能是一般人習以為常的生活工具，到陌生地點的路線規劃變成越來越簡單的事，不過目前多數的服務都以地圖方式呈現，資訊陳列和互動設計皆十分視覺導向，造成以聽覺操作手機的視障者覺得難以上手且不友善。統計發現，台灣國內的視障者幾乎天天都有外出需求，卻沒有一款針對他們所設計的導航服務，導致需要外出與獨立行動的視障族群必須透過更繁瑣的準備過程才得以安心的出門。再者，搭配現有導航服務的GPS定位並不夠準確，無法提供視障者所需的近身資訊，東南西北方位與百餘單位的公尺數對明眼人來說都可能是一項挑戰，視障者更是難以消化。因此，本研究透過情境訪查、隨身觀察與專家訪談等質化研究方式，深入探索視障者需求，並了解他們與一般人於行動上的異同。藉由新興的iBeacon微定位技術提供非視覺化的線索，將曲折的旅程分割成一段一段的路線，並在設計過程中融入視障者定向訓練的所知所學，讓他們能以原有技能在街道上安心行走，提升獨立出門的安全性。 / Using mobile apps to help route finding is very common for most of us. However, the visually impaired smartphone user does not benefit from this technology. A tremendous demand for independence and mobility remains unsolved. Unlike us, the visually impaired use their smartphone by auditory sense. But those apps with touch screen are not specially designed for their usage pattern. According to our preliminary study, current navigation service always comes with bad information display and unfriendly interaction design. All of these lead to a very frustrating navigation experience. Through the qualitative research methods like contextual inquiry, shadowing, and expert interview, we’d like to explore how different they are from us on the matter of traveling, and reveal the real need of the visually impaired for mobile navigation. Based on our research finding, we want to propose a navigation app specially made for the visually impaired smartphone user. In addition to GPS base service, we provide hyper-local, meaningful multi-sensory notifications to our user through micro location technology of iBeacon. And we integrate the knowledge they learned from Orientation and Mobility training in the navigation process to create a better walking experience and encourage them to live with independency. The app itself is not only a way finding tool but also an information and experience sharing platform for the visually impaired community. Combining the power of design and technology, we can enhance their cognition to the living environment, and improved the independence & mobility for our users as well. In the end, the visual impaired users will be motivated to explore the world on their own and enjoy the colorful world.