本研究應用系統思考為基礎所發展出來的系統結構圖方法，結合電腦模擬活動，引導學生感知系統動態性及複雜性，設計自然科學教學方案進行教學；同時比較融入概念階層聯結為基礎的概念構圖方法教學、及一般教學的學生認知表現。具體而言，本研究目的為：在自然科學學習歷程中，結合環狀關聯的系統結構圖，及階層關聯的概念構圖方法，比較二圖形學習策略對學生成就測驗及知識結構的表現差異。 研究採多基線實驗研究法，以國小五年級學生樣本，共三個班級，100人，分列為對照組、系統結構圖策略組、及概念構圖策略組。以自編的複本測驗、實作評量檢核表，及應用路徑探測法(Pathfinder)，評估學生認知表現與知識結構。 結果發現，採用系統結構圖策略或概念構圖策略，均能增進學生認知表現，且記憶保留效果會優於不特別採用策略者，其知識結構的表現亦存在差異；而二種圖形式學習策略的各項認知表現之間，不存在任何差異；不同能力組別與不同學習策略間，具交互作用存在。 本研究證實，在學習歷程中，採用概念構圖策略或系統結構圖策略，將比採用一般教學方法，較能有效增進學生的學習表現及保留效果，其知識結構也會較接近專家表現。因此在教學歷程中，結合策略進行教學有其必要性。圖像式的思考及學習方法能有效協助學生學習。然而研究所取用的二種圖形策略的思考本質是不同的，一重視靜態架構、一重視動態因果變化，未來研究者可進一步探究造成改變的內在機制，及是否能真正轉化為習用的思考型態。 / The world of system and system thinking marks a shift from the more linear, analytic way of thinking that most people are used to. A system is a group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent components that form a complex and unified whole. Systematic structure diagram is a useful tool to offer a glimpse into the complex systems behavior. Concept mapping, known as cognitive maps or organizers, semantic networks, or visual/graphic organizers, make use of figures, lines, arrows, and spatial configurations to show how content ideas and concepts are related. Concept mapping is described repeatedly in the literature as a tool that can support and enhance students’ learning in science classrooms. It is an important meta-cognitive tool in science education today. The research uses the experiment methodology of multiple baselines designs. In the study 100 students in 3 classes at grad 5 were studied to see the implications of the learning results. Assign the subjects to three groups, control group (n=34), Systematic structure diagramming group (n=33), and concept mapping group (n=33). The graphics oriented strategies, Systematic structure diagramming /concept mapping, were used in the teaching processes of the systematic structure diagramming group /concept mapping group. The researcher evaluated the performance of the subjects with duplicated-tests, checklists, and Pathfinder. The testing of the students was done in a pretest-posttests design using written tests. Data were analyzed in the use of three-factor repeated measures. The analysis of repeated measures showed a statistically significant difference in duplicated-tests and knowledge structures between control group and two experimental groups. There also exists an interaction between group and strategy. The result revealed that concept mapping may improve test scores of low-achieving students. This research verified that the learning performances, knowledge structures, organizations, and delayed memories of the subjects who belong to concept mapping strategy group and systematic structure diagramming strategy group were better than control group. The results indicated that, for improving students’ learning performances and retention effects, adapting concept mapping strategy and systematic structure diagramming strategy in the teaching processes may help students form a cognitive schema to assimilate and relate the information. Base on the results from this study, some recommendations educators were suggested.

偉大的科學家牛頓曾說：「如果我能比別人看的更遠，那是因為我站在巨人的肩膀上」。任何一個學科的發展，其創始和演進的過程中，必定有一群具有前瞻性與領導風格的研究者，憑藉著他們本身的才能與智慧、努力的奉獻和卓越的理念做出具體的貢獻，透過相同的理念奠定學科的根基，並促使學科興盛發展。 本研究採用書目計量學研究方法中的共被引分析法，以美國資訊科學學會所頒發「最佳貢獻獎」之得主為研究對象，並以1900年至2007年為研究範圍，進行資訊科學家之間的主題性分析。本研究旨在探討44位資訊科學先驅的共被引情況，以瞭解各位先驅和各領域主題的群集現象，進而探討資訊科學的知識結構。本研究透過Web Of Science資料庫分別對於44位資訊科學家與個人被引用最多之著作進行共被引次數檢索，製成共被引矩陣，除了瞭解資訊科學家與其被引用最多之著作的共被引強度外，並以KNOT軟體進行路徑搜尋網路分析，進一步探討資訊科學之主題分佈情況，並與前人所做的相關研究進行比較。 本研究結果歸納如下： 一、資訊科學先驅的被引用次數和共被引次數 (一)被引用次數和共被引次數高低的差異，較高者可強化連結強度，較低者可反應出不同的學科結構。 (二)共被引次數較普遍者，具有跨領域的特性。 二、資訊科學先驅的路徑搜尋網路分析 (一)資訊科學領域以五大領域為主要範疇。分別是以Salton, G所領軍的資訊檢索領域；Lancaster, FW所代表的圖書資訊學與圖書館教育、圖書館自動化與自動化系統、圖書館與資訊服務評鑑等領域；Garfield, E為核心的資訊計量學與引用文獻分析之領域；Belkin, NJ所代表的使用者研究與資訊尋求行為領域；Saracevic, T為主的圖書資訊科學概念與理論、圖書資訊科學史的領域。 (二)單篇被引用最多之著作的網路圖無法判別。 三、本研究與White, HD (2003a)研究結果之比較結果 (一)資訊科學領域的學科結構並無太大變動。 (二)資訊科學中心點的不同。本研究所得的網路圖是以Salton, G為圖形的中心點，而White, HD (2003a)則是以Lancaster, FW為圖形中心點。 四、資訊科學領域有跨學科之性質。透過分析結果可以發現資訊科學有跨領域的特性，在許多的資訊科學先驅本身的研究範疇不只侷限於資訊科學，甚且有跨越其他學科主題，例如：電腦科學、社會網絡分析、數學、統計學等。 / Newton, one of the great scientists, said：「If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.」The development in any discipline, in the founding and evolution of the process , there must be a group of forward-looking with the leadership style of the researchers. They make concrete contribution by virtue of their own abilities and intelligence, outstanding efforts and dedication. They through the same idea lay the foundation of their subjects and flourish their disciplines. This study aims at using co-citation analysis of bibliometrics, and regards the Winners of Award of Merit of American Society for Information Science as the research objects to analyze the relevance between and between information scientists, and the research years from 1900 to 2007. The main purpose of this study is to explore the co-citation counts of 44 information scientists to understand the pioneers and the major subjects in information science, and further explore the structure of scientific knowledge of information science. This study through the Web Of Science database retrieve the co-citation counts of 44 pioneers of information science and the most cited of their works to build co-citation matrix. The result let us understanding the co-citation strength of 44 pioneers of information science. We also use the KNOT software in the analysis of PFNETs, try to explore the subjects how to distribute in information science, and take the results compare to the results of the study by White, HD in 2003. The results of the study reveal that: 1.Cited counts and co-citation counts of 44 pioneers of information science (1)The difference between higher counts and lower counts. The higher counts can strengthen the connections between the network, the lows counts can response to the different structures of information science. (2)The higher co-citation counts commonly have the characteristics of cross- discipline. 2.The PFNETs of 44 pioneers of information science (1)The fields of information science divide into five main areas. Salton, G lead the field of information retrieval. Lancaster, FW represent the education of library science and information science, library automation and automated systems, the evaluation for library and information services etc.. Garfield, E as the core of the field of informetrics and citation analysis. Belkin, NJ represent the field of the users research and information-seeking behavior. Saracevic, T represent the field of library information science concepts and theories, the history of library and information science etc.. (2)The network map of the most cited works of 44 pioneers of information science cannot be differentiated. 3. Take the results compare to the results of the study by White, HD in 2003 (1)The field of information science disciplines have not much change in the scientific structure. (2)Different focal point in the maps of information science. This study is based on the network map as Salton, G as focal point for the network, and White, HD (2003a) is based on the network map as Lancaster, FW as focal point for the graphics. 4. The field of information science has the nature of interdisciplinary. The results can be found through the co-citation analysis of information scientists on cross-cutting nature of information science. A pioneer in many areas of study itself is not limited to information science, and even likely to go beyond the subject of other disciplines, such as: computer science, social network analysis, mathematics, statistics etc..

中國農村信用合作社屬於集體性質合作金融組織，以農業相關貸款為主要業務，前中國國務院總理朱鎔基在第九屆全國人大四次會議中強調「農信社是支持農村金融的主力軍」，農信社享有獨立法人資格並承擔推動農村金融發展責任，卻未履行應盡義務和金融功能，反而成為地方政府融通資金的「小金庫」。 本研究試圖解釋農信社的發展與改革，從制度角度探討其與地方政府、地方企業之間的互動關係。農信社成立於一九五零年代，自毛統治時期即扮演地方政府小金庫角色，改革開放後，中國政府嚴格禁止地方政府干預金融機構經營，並給予補貼及稅收優惠提升其營運績效，但農信社受制於歷史制度影響，被既有路徑鎖住無法擺脫過去包袱，導致其發展與改革始終處在出軌的狀態。 中國改革開放三十年，農信社歷經多次改革轉換依然被地方政府所掌控，本研究透過分析農信社內部黨系統成員名單與地方政企之間的重疊關係，觀察出地方政府如何躲避中央政策及法律限制，持續箝制農信社的發展與金融功能，試圖補充農信社相關文獻在此議題上的不足，並解釋農信社在地方—特別是以農業為主的貧困縣地區與地方政府和地方企業間的運作模式。 / Chinese Rural Credit Cooperatives (RCCs) is a collective-owned and cooperative financial institution, and its major business is to provide loans for agriculture-based projects. “The RCCs is the main force of agrian finance,” as such claimed by the former Chinese Premier Zhu, Rongji in the fourth session of the ninth National People’s Congress regarding the function and status of RCCs. Nonetheless, despite the RCCs is a separate legal entity and aims at promoting the development of agrian finance, it fails to do its work but becomes a private coffer of local governments. This study investigates the trajectory of development and reforms of RCCs first, and then explores the process from an institutional perspective by addressing the dynamic interactions between the RCCs, the local governments and the local enterprises. RCCs was first established in the 1950s, and has served as a private coffer for local governments since then. After launching the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s, the central government attempted to prohibit the local governments to intervene the operation of RCCs on the one hand, and provided fiscal subsidies as well as tax reliefs to RCCs on the other. Yet the operation of RCCs has been locked into the pre-existing institutional practices shaped in Mao’s era and been “out of track” regardless of various reform attemps by the central government. This study argues that the organizational overlap between the branches of Chinese Communism Party in the local governments and RCCs largely explains why local governments could survive those reform attemps and persistentally gained the control of RCCs in the past 30 years. By examining the name lists of the party branches in the local governments and RCCs, I demonstrate that the local governments transferred the control of RCCs from administrative system to party system, thus they successfully circumvented the constrains of administrative policies and rules in various reform attemps by the central government. The finding also helps to explore the dynamic patterns of interaction among the local governments, RCCs, and local enterprises in those areas of agriculture-based economy, thus contributes to fill this gap in the literature of state-business research in China studies.

近年來觀光產業的快速發展，使相關業者面臨激烈的競爭，旅遊目的地行銷的概念應運而生。隨著產業結構的轉型，地方都市無不透過觀光行銷來吸引投資者或遊客之進入，以增加自身競爭力，因應全球化下的競爭。 　　觀光意象是遊客對於一旅遊目的地所持的知覺、看法與印象的重組，其傳達遊客腦海中對旅遊目的地遊憩屬性的偏好，具有宣傳與行銷的功能。一般而言，觀光意象在遊客對目的地之選擇行為過程中扮演了重要的角色，具有良好觀光意象的旅遊目的地通常具有較高的吸引力，且正向的觀光意象對都市透過觀光收益來促進都市發展及經濟成長亦有顯著效果。觀光意象包含了遊客的認知與情感面，遊客將據其偏好選擇喜歡的目的地作為旅遊地點。然而，過去研究較少探討遊客主觀感受與其對地方之情感連結等心理層面對選擇行為之影響，據此，本研究以台北市貓空地區為例，以觀光意象作為前因變數，探討其對遊客之地方依附、旅遊品質、滿意度、選擇行為之影響路徑及各變數間之交互影響效果。 　　本研究以遊客問卷之設計，對非當地居民之遊客作為抽樣調查之對象，並以因素分析與結構方程模式作為資料分析方法，所得主要結果為：觀光意象對地方依附、旅遊品質與選擇行為有直接正向影響，而影響遊客對旅遊目的地選擇行為最重要的因素為地方依附。 / With the change of industry structure, tourism industry has become one of important industries in a city. Facing the competition under the global age, the concept of destination marketing has widely aroused attention because of fast development of tourism industry and keen competition among relative industry proprietors. Destination image is sum of beliefs, ideas and impressions that a person has of a destination. Destination image has been shown to be vital influence on travelers' travel behavior, that is, the urban with a positive and good image perceived by tourists can bring out the urban a significant effect on urban development and economic growth. A tourist's intent to visit a destination is determined by a combination of cognitive and affective image. Tourists usually develop emotional associations with destination where they're lovely to visit. However, very limited research has been conducted personal emotional or meanings tourists attach to the places they visited and experienced. Thus, the study takes Maokong Area of Taipei city for example, and the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among destination image, place attachment, trip quality, satisfaction, and traveling behavior. In research method, the survey was quantitative research oriented in order to understand visitors' ideas toward the destination images of Maokong area. Both factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze for the study. The major results of this research were found that destination image directly has positive influence on place attachment, trip quality, and traveling behavior, and place attachment is the most important cause to influence tourists' behavior.

本文以兩個眼動閱讀實驗探討語意訊息 (semantic cues) 和句法訊息 (syntactic cues) 如何在中文關係子句的處理中運作及交互作用。實驗一旨在研究兩種動詞與論元之間的合理性關係 (plausibility) 是否會影響讀者理解不同結構的關係子句。結果顯示，當兩個論元都是合理施事者 (agent) 時，論旨角色的指派 (thematic roles) 有歧義，較難理解；而當只有一個論元是合理的施事者時，讀者趨向指派正確的論旨角色，且較快整合句法上的困難。此外，因中文句法結構特殊，讀者在關係詞之前就處理主語關係子句 (subject relative clauses) 的歧義，在主要動詞上則會遇到賓語關係子句 (object relative clauses) 的理解困難。此發現解決了Hsiao & Gibson (2003) 和 Lin (2006) 的歧見，證明中文讀者在不同位置會遇到不一樣的困難。實驗二所關注的語意訊息為論元的生命性 (animacy)，關係子句中的兩個論元分屬有生命的 (animate) 及無生命的 (inanimate) 名詞。結果發現論旨角色的指派和生命性相互關聯，有生命性的論元較傾向當施事者，而無生命的論元傾向當受事者。讀者仍在關係詞之前遇到主語關係子句的理解困難，但在主要動詞，讀者主要依循生命性的引導來指派論旨角色，句法訊息的影響並不顯著。因此語意訊息在中文的語句處理扮演重要的角色，結果大致上與Traxler (2002)的研究相符。讀者同時受到當下的句法訊息以及語意訊息影響，在不同的位置會遇到不一樣的歧義性，而產生花園路徑效果 (garden-path effect)。 / Two eye movement experiments were conducted to investigate how semantic cues and syntactic structural cues function and interact in Mandarin Chinese relative clause (RC) processing. Mandarin Chinese is unique in combining head-final RCs with a VO basic order (Dryer, 1992, 2003) and also in relying solely on word order as structural cues, without case marking or agreement. However, Mandarin Chinese still preserves flexibility in word order that is motivated by pragmatics. Semantic cues, including the plausibility of the argument-verb relation and argument animacy within RCs, may be crucial to sentence processing in Mandarin Chinese. Experiment 1 aims to examine whether the meaning of the verb allowing only one of the two animate arguments to be a plausible agent may lead to reduction of ORC difficulty (cf. Traxler, 2002). The results showed that the plausibility effects were robust at the head noun and the main verb. A bias of thematic role assignment in the irreversible relation leads readers to correct interpretations, while the reversible relation does not elicit such a bias. The results also solved the discrepancy between the two previous studies (Hsiao and Gibson, 2003 & Lin, 2006) by unveiling a dynamic process in which readers encounter diverse ambiguities at different positions for different structures. Chinese readers disambiguate SRCs earlier due to their non-canonical word order and have trouble integrating the main verb in ORCs owing to perspective shifting. The interaction between plausibility and RC type on re-reading rate suggested that plausibility cues were used to solve syntactic ambiguity. Experiment 2 manipulated contrastive argument animacy in order to investigate whether thematic role assignment correlates with animacy. The results confirmed the hypothesis that while animate entities bias towards agent roles, inanimate ones incline towards patient roles (c.f., Valin & LaPolla, 1997). Besides, inanimate entities are conceptually less accessible than animate ones. Contrastive animacy shows its impact on syntactic processing with robust interactions at different positions. The findings of interactions between semantic cues and RC types in two experiments suggest that semantic cues play an important role in Chinese relative clause processing. Semantic plausibility and argument animacy can influence the process of thematic role assignment. The semantic cues that accord with the biases of thematic role assignment then would ease the syntactic ambiguities. Not only syntactic cues but also semantic cues are utilized by readers in sentence comprehension. In this thesis, the eye movement data provide clear evidence indicating that readers solve various temporary ambiguities syntactically and semantically at different positions of the sentence with relative clauses.

根據2010年人力銀行調查54%的尋找人才是以「工作分析」為主要依據，可見人才的遴選仍以經歷為主要因素。而近年來社會網絡與推薦系統普為應用於人才之找尋。 本研究實際以某國立大學EMBA學員資料，以同學與同事關係建置一個人脈社會網絡之人才推薦系統。本系統能依據使用者所輸入之人才搜尋條件，藉由距離相似度之運算，找出最接近的所需人才，並依距離相似度排序。其次，本系統可由各成員學歷，工作經歷所在之產業別，以及在組織中任職之功能別，來呈現人才之專業輪廓（Professional Profile），以作為決策者在遴選人才之依據。並提供所有關係路徑，以利使用者可進一步的諮詢路徑上成員對於推薦人選之評價。 本研究針對該校EMBA學員共計2,121人，應用資料探勘中群集分析建立推薦系統，有別於一般以關鍵字比對的搜尋方式，能找出與使用者需求條件相似度高的人才；並藉由人脈社會網路路徑，幫助使用者藉由自身的人脈評估推薦的結果。最後，本研究並提出結論、建議以及未來研究方向。 / Abstract According to the Job Bank survey in 2010, about 54% recruiters who search for specialist is mainly based on job analysis. This research is based on Social Network and Rcommendation system to build a relationship between the students and the colleagues with the personnel social network contacts, thus, a specialist recommendation system is constructed. First the system can compute the dissimilarity between the conditions users input and the background of people, find out the closest result required by sorting of similarity. Secondly, the professional profiles is established by the education background and work experiences (contain the various industries and position type), to serve as the basis for decision-makers in the selection of specialist. Besides, they can also inquire people from social network path for further appraisals of the candidate. The research is based on EMBA students totaled 2121 people, applying cluster analysis of data mining to build up the recommendation system, opposite to using key-word matching as a way to search people. Thus, the study can find the highest similar conditions demand of input. Via the associated social networks paths, to help users identify and use their own network to assess the recommend candidates. Finally, this study proposes conclusions, recommendations and future research directions. Keywords: Social Network , Similarity , Professional Profile , Specialist Recommendation System , Social Network Path

本論文採用實地實證研究，以一家專業晶圓代工廠商為研究對象，詳細分析在晶圓代工的製造環境下，產品多樣性及製造彈性對生產品質、生產週期時間、設備生產力與生產成本之影響。不同於過去研究，以外部彈性(例如：產品組合彈性、新產品彈性等)為研究重心，本論文以內部彈性為研究範疇，涵蓋機器彈性與路徑彈性兩種彈性型態，據以彌補現存製造彈性文獻的缺口。 關於產品多樣性與製造彈性對生產績效與生產成本之直接影響，本論文首先以等候理論與整數規劃模型為基礎，加入實地環境特性的考量，推導研究假說與實證模型；繼而，蒐集來自個案公司6個月的詳細生產資料，包括兩類資料型態：機台水準(machine-level)與生產批量水準(lot-level)進行實證分析。綜合理論模型與實證分析結果，本論文發現：在晶圓代工的製造環境中，由於製程高度自動化之故，產品多樣性對生產績效的直接影響並不顯著，但因研發與工程實驗所產生的環境變異性則對生產績效具有顯著的負面影響；在製造彈性方面，吾人則發現路徑彈性不僅有助於生產週期時間的縮短，也對品質與成本績效具有顯著的正向影響，而機器彈性雖有助於設備生產力的提昇與生產成本的降低，但對生產品質則有顯著的負面影響，此外，本研究也發現：製造彈性與設備生產力、生產週期時間及生產成本之間存在非線性關係，並呈現報酬遞減的趨勢，隱含：極大化製造彈性並非最佳，有限的彈性水準即可達到最大的彈性利益。 考慮製造彈性的價值高低與環境不確定性密切相關，本研究進一步採用路徑分析檢視產品多樣性、製造彈性、環境不確定性與生產績效之間的關聯性，基於本研究以內部彈性為研究範疇，並以製造環境為研究客體，依據生產管理文獻，由製程時間變異性、到達時間變異性及產品需求變異性三項指標定義製造環境的不確定性。實證結果顯示：產品多樣性主要係透過環境不確定性間接影響生產績效，而機器彈性與路徑彈性則有助於調和內部不確定性對生產績效的負面影響，進而達成生產績效的提昇。本論文之分析結果隱含：過去管理會計研究認為產品多樣性對生產績效的影響主要來自於批量作業活動(batch-level activities)與產品支援活動(product-sustaining activities)的增加，而忽略產品多樣性對環境不確定性的影響，可能低估產品多樣性的攸關成本，尤其在一高利用率與高度動態的生產環境中，產品多樣性透過環境不確定性對生產績效的間接影響可能大於產品多樣性對生產績效的直接影響；另一方面，本研究指出：在一動態環境中，廠商可透過製造彈性的提昇，降低環境不確定性對生產績效的負面影響，但最適彈性水準的決定則須取決於製造彈性與其他生產績效衡量之間的函數關係。 / This thesis reports the results of a field empirical study examining the impact of product variety and manufacturing flexibility on production quality, cycle time, equipment productivity, and production cost within the context of semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities. To fill the gap in existing research, I attempt to study internal flexibility, rather than external flexibility (e.g., product flexibility, mix flexibility). Two types of internal flexibility are selected, which are machine flexibility and routing flexibility. Using both machine-level and lot-level production data from one dedicated wafer fabrication plant, this thesis examines the direct impact of product variety and manufacturing flexibility on production performance and production cost. Empirical results suggest that greater product variety does not have a significant impact on equipment productivity but does have a significant adverse impact on production quality. Moreover, I find support for the hypotheses that greater routing flexibility has a significant positive impact on quality, time, and cost performance. As for machine flexibility, it has a significant positive impact on equipment productivity and cost performance, but has a significant negative impact on production quality. Furthermore, I also find a non-linear relation between manufacturing flexibility and equipment productivity, cycle time, and production cost. This implies that maximizing the level of manufacturing flexibility is not necessarily optimal for firms. Limiting the flexibility level may actually have the greatest benefit. To further clarify the mechanisms through which variety and flexibility impacts performance, I move beyond the direct effects and investigate the linkage between product variety, manufacturing flexibility, environmental uncertainty and production performance. Based on the operations research, environmental uncertainty is operationally defined as the process time variation, inter-arrival time variation, and output variation. Results from path analysis indicate that product variety negatively affects production performance through environmental uncertainty. This finding stands in direct contrast to the general belief in management accounting research that greater product variety leads to an increase in the number of batch-level activities and product-sustaining activities, which thus increase the production cost. In other words, the reported cost of product variety may be underestimated, because we do not consider the impact of product variety on environmental uncertainty. The magnitude of the underestimation is especially greater in a highly congested and stochastic environment. Empirical results also show that machine flexibility and routing flexibility mitigate the adverse impact of environmental uncertainty on production performance.

科技產業崛起已逐漸蠶食輕工業區原先土地利用制度安排，台北市內湖輕工業區自市地重劃完成後，經由行動者興建廠辦大樓形塑科技園區意象，供廠商違規使用，接著再由園區內廠商自發性成立「台北市內湖科技園區發展協會」與台北市政府定期召開座談會，並配合修正「台北市內湖輕工業區輔導管理辦法」共同治理園區內土地利用方向，締造科技產業經濟奇蹟，成為活化產業用地新典範，變更為名符其實「台北市內湖科技園區」。 然而，毗鄰地區大彎北段商業區、娛樂區行動者藉以放寬產業進駐內湖輕工業區為由，衝擊大彎北段商業機能，因而產生替代效果，陸續將商業用地及娛樂用地，興建住宅社區違規供住宅使用，截至今日該地區約已達3,000戶，實際使用狀況，與都市計畫呈現明顯不符，已造成商業區、娛樂區與住宅使用衍生嚴重互斥等現象。 本文將以「制度厚實」、「路徑依賴」、「公共利益」等相關理論分析案例，透過公、私部門專業人士進行深度訪談提供卓見，作為本文研究過程中相互辯證及立論參考依據，進一步釐清兩地區制度變遷分歧原因，加以探索大彎北段商業區、娛樂區供住宅使用之正當性，抑或回歸商業及娛樂使用，並將研究結論提出建議事項，落實產業用地「公共利益」之精神。 / The rise of technology industry has gradually eroded the arrangement of original land utilization. Therefore, the land of light industry was replotting in Neihu. The actors wanted the area to be Technology Park, so the buildings were used inappropriately for firms. The firms in park established an association spontaneously and named “Taipei Neihu technology park development association. “Taipei city hall made the regular meetings with the association and coordinated to revise the counseling regulations of Taipei Neihu light industry. Government and companies managed the direction of land's usage together and make the economic miracle of technology. Thus, it’s a model to activate industrial land. The land named “Taipei NeiHu Technology Park” However, according to this reason, the commercial function of Northern Dawan has been impacted. In order to find alternatives, the land of commercial and entertainment was supplied to residence use. As of today, it’s over 3,000 houses in the region. The actual situation of usage is not identical with the city plans, which causes mutual exclusion among the region of commercial, entertainment, and residences area. This study used those theories (for institutional thickness, path dependent and Public Interest) to analyze some cases. Through the deep interview by experts which come from public and private departments, they provide some advice as mutual dialectical reference; we will also clarify the reasons of rule discrepancy between two regions in order to further explore the legitimacy of the usage in Northern Dawan commercial area and entertainment area, or return to commercial and entertainment use. We’ll submit conclusions and bring suggestion to implement the spirit of public interest on industrial estate.

本研究區分中介之精熟經驗與感知之精熟經驗。前者為玩家在角色扮演遊戲中所獲得之成功經驗，後者指玩家對此中介經驗之整體評估感受，且包含過去經驗。玩家在遊戲中不斷接受挑戰並破關的過程，即包含了成功的中介精熟經驗，此經驗與感知之精熟經驗應為正向相關，且為遊戲中必要之一環。角色依附是探討玩家與其角色關係之重要變項，當玩家越依附於其角色時，越能將此中介精熟經驗轉換成其感知之精熟經驗，越能對其效能感產生正面影響。本研究因此嘗試探討嚴肅遊戲中提供的中介精熟經驗是否會影響內部政治效能感，並探討在這影響機制中，感知精熟經驗，角色依附與內在政治效能感之路徑關係。 本研究採對照組前後測實驗設計。參與者為131位大學生，在本研究發展之政策嚴肅遊戲中，參與者被隨機分派到實驗組與控制組。兩組皆接受遊戲之中介精熟經驗處理，但為了檢驗遊戲中介之精熟經驗與玩家感知之精熟經驗之關係，實驗組提供不同場景以演練技巧之遊戲，控制組則未提供不同場景以演練技巧之遊戲。此實驗過程費時大約60分鐘。玩家在實驗前後於線上填寫問卷。本研究首先使用重複量數單因子變異數分析以檢驗不同性別與組別之實驗結果，接著，再以結構方程模型探討感知精熟經驗，角色依附與內在政治效能感之路徑關係。 研究結果發現：(一) 實驗組與控制組之內在政治效能感皆明顯提升，然而，實驗組之提升幅度並未顯著高於控制組。(二) 在路徑模式中，角色依附會透過感知之精熟經驗間接影響內在政治效能，而前測內在政治效能會透過感知精熟經驗間接影響後測內在政治效能，亦會對後測內在政治效能造成直接影響。 本研究有助於了解嚴肅遊戲之心理機制，其結果對於應用嚴肅遊戲設計與公民教育有重要啟示。 / This study distinguished “mediated enactive experience” and “perceived mastery experience”. The former referred to the experience when a player plays an avatar in a game and the latter referred to a player’s psychological evaluations of the experience including past experience. Mediated enactive experiences is positively related to perceived mastery experiences when players play and make progresses in a game. The experiences are an essential part of a game. Yet character attachment may influence the relationship between players and avatars. If a player attaches to his or her own avatar more, he or she may perceive the mediated enactive experiences more his or her mastery experience, therefore, character attachment should positively contribute to internal political efficacy through perceived mastery experience. A control group pretest-posttest experimental design was conducted in this study. Both groups received policy-related mediated enactive experiences from the serious game. In order to test if players who received more policy-related mediated enactive experiences will upgrade their internal political efficacy to a higher level, 113 college students were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: In the experimental group, players played an avatar with chances for practicing learned skills in three different settings; In the control group, players played an avatar without chances for practicing learned skills. Two repeated-Measure ANOVAs were conducted to analyze if there were gender and group differences on manipulation effects. Moreover, structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyze the proposed path model of character attachment, perceived mastery experiences, prior and posttest internal political efficacy. The results showed that the internal political efficacy of both groups was significantly enhanced. However, the experimental group did not upgrade to a higher level than the control group. Furthermore, in the path model, character attachment influenced posttest internal political efficacy indirectly through perceived mastery experiences; moreover, prior internal political efficacy influenced posttest internal political efficacy through perceived mastery experiences indirectly and also influenced posttest internal political efficacy directly. To conclude, the findings of this study can help understand psychological mechanisms related to gaming as well as can be applied to civic education and serious game design in the future.

本文研究的主要問題為北大西洋公約組織（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）於後冷戰時期的發展。由於北約組織在冷戰期間的主要功能為防止蘇聯與共產勢力在歐洲地區的擴張，因此於冷戰結束後，許多學者紛紛預測北約組織將會走向衰敗的道路。過去國際關係學界皆以傳統的國際關係理論來檢視北約組織的發展，儘管各家學說皆有其獨到之處，然而仍缺乏較具說服力的定論。而本文採用歷史制度主義(historical institutionalism)中的路徑依賴(path dependence)概念來探討此議題，並將發展的範圍限定於北約組織於後冷戰時期的延續以及轉型這兩個方面。路徑依賴下包含的兩個重要概念：「報酬遞增」 (increasing returns)以及「關鍵節點」 (critical juncture)，則將分別用來解釋北約組織於後冷戰時期的延續與轉型。經過研究後證實，歷史制度主義的路徑依賴概念可以用來解釋北約組織於後冷戰時期的延續與轉型，但此種分析途徑仍需要對組織的發展歷史掌握得更加詳細明確，才得以在論證組織的發展演變時，更具說服力。