情報処理学会研究報告. SLP, 音声言語情報処理; 2003-SLP-49-46 第5回音声言語シンポジウム

情報処理学会研究報告. SLP, 音声言語情報処理; 2000-SLP-30-12

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都會區之主要幹道除為串連交通行為的空間外，更為眾多活動發生之場域，然在以機動車輛為主之道路空間規劃下，許多都市問題與亂象發生，由此1990年代提倡都市規劃應以「人」為本的新都市主義(New Urbanism)思潮出現，針對都市空間景觀倡導運用都市設計、永續運輸等策略，創造適宜人居之都市環境。而台北市為台灣首善之都，雖自民國80年起進行一連串都市空間檢討，然仍忽略主要幹道空間，而台北都會區大眾捷運網絡基本雛形已於民國89年底完成，路網設計多沿主要幹道興建，營運至今，民眾對公共運具之使用率確有增加並降低部分汽車使用量。由此，若能重新檢討並調整道路空間比例，基於人車共存之概念，綠美化主要幹道景觀，營造正面感受之環境意象，可提升市民對所居都市之認同感，亦可符合民眾日益昇高之生活環境品質要求，創造優質都市環境。 / 有鑑於此，本研究以台北都會區主要幹道為研究空間，忠孝東路、羅斯福路部份路段為實驗場域，進行幹道空間之檢討與空間改造計畫之評估，將「以人為主」之都市規劃理念導入交通規劃中，整合都市永續發展、都市設計及運輸相關理論，歸納出都會區主要幹道空間之規劃手法應包涵TOD之都市發展型態、塑造適宜之人行空間、調整幹道道路空間、結合都市設計之規範及永續運輸之交通規劃方式等五大項目。基此，考量人行、車行、幹道景觀、社會公平與幹道空間多樣化使用，在達成永續運輸之目標下，從「交通順暢性」、「步行親和性」、「景觀寧適性」、「場域複合性」等四大層面，建立適合研究範圍之「都會區主要景觀幹道最佳設計」評估架構。本研究應用模糊多準則評估方法，先透過專家德爾菲(Delphi)法確定評估架構後求取評估架構之權重值，並依所建立之評估架構計算忠孝東路與羅斯福路各幹道空間改造方案之績效值，以相對客觀的方式整合不同領域專家之價值判斷，應用模糊層級分析(Fuzzy AHP)法遴選研究範圍最適之幹道空間改造計畫，進行研究範圍最佳幹道空間改造方案之排序。 / 本研究評估結果發現最後遴選出之最適空間改造方案內容，均為調整道路路型、配置最大化人行空間之方案，將過去以汽車為主的幹道空間轉為對行人友善之場域，並強調綠化幹道景觀與多樣化使用。同時，由不同群體對各評估面向權重值之差異可發現學生群體著重幹道所提供之交通功能，學者及政府都市計劃單位著重幹道之人行空間，政府交通單位則並重幹道之車行與人行空間。此外，本研究亦根據評估結果研提相關改造計畫執行配套措施之建議，期所採行之幹道空間改造計畫評估方式，可供政府有關單位進行幹道空間檢討與改造評估時，一個相對客觀的決策進行過程與執行參考。 / The major arterials of a metropolis are places where not only connect traffic but lots of activities occurred. However, many urban problems came up under the roadway planning that according to mobile vehicles and resulted in an ideological trend named “New Urbanism” in 1990s. That promote urban planning should according to human beings and use strategies as urban design and sustainable transport for landscape to create a urban environment that is livable-in. / Taipei city is the biggest city of Taiwan at which we have reflected on urban space but have ignored review the major arterials since 1991. Then, the embryo network of mass rapid transit system of Taipei metropolitan area which was designed along major arterials has established in 2000. Since that, the using rate of public transportation has been increasing and decreasing part of quantity of private transportation. We can base on the construct “people-cars coexist”, therefore, review and regulate road -way scale to green the major arterials’ landscape, to shape a positive environmental image. It could promote townspeople’s identification of the city where they live in and conform to the increasing request for the quality of medium in the result of a high quality urban circumstance. / Base the above, this research chose Zong-Xiao east road and Roosevelt road of Taipei metropolis as the survey area to review the roadway landscape and evaluate spatial transforming schemes. We blended the new urbanism into transport planning and integrated with theories of sustainable development, urban design and transportation to generalize the medium of the major arterials area planning should contain five contents: TOD, mold a pedestrian-friendly area, adjust the allotment ratio of arterial, combine methods of urban design and sustainable transportation. Therefore, we took pedestrian, vehicles, arterial’s landscape, arterial space using diversification into account and under the goal, which achieve sustainable transportation established evaluative framework with four objectives: ” traffic smooth”, pedestrian-friendly” , “elegant and comfortable landscape”, and ”space complexity”. By utilizing fuzzy-MCDM approach, first, depended on fuzzy-Delphi method to ascertain that evaluative framework then counted the weights of criteria. According to the evaluative framework established by this research calculated the results of spatial transforming schemes of Zong-Xiao East road and Roosevelt road. Then adopting fuzzy-AHP method to integrate experts’ judgements of different domains, all proposed spatial schemes are reviewed and best arterial landscape transforming scheme were generated. / Evaluation result found that the best scheme with maximum pedestrian space shows the concepts of transforming the arterial area to be a pedestrian-friendly space and emphasizing green landscape, mixed land use. Furthermore, divergent preference of different groups were analyzed and found that students concentrate the transportation capability of arterial, experts and government planning departments focus on the pedestrian space of arterial, government’s transportation departments emphasize both on the car-lanes and pedestrian space. Research result construct a objective framework and review process for evaluating major arterial and also generate a best transforming scheme of those two roads, can be as a reference basis for urban re-design work of city government.

自行車一詞儼然成為綠色環保的代名詞之一，台灣自行車業過去在國際間，被認定為品質粗糙的產品，在經過多年努力的情況下，台灣自行車業不斷的備受肯定，隨著近年全球暖化議題、全球性健康概念、油價飆漲、金融海嘯爆發等，諸多原因造成自行車從不被看好的代步工具，演變到現在成為休閒運動工具的轉變，其中；台灣自行車2008年的金融海嘯中，相較於其他傳統產業，不論是出口產值或是股價不降反漲，大舉逆勢成長，其中巨大(Giant)、美利達(Merida)、愛地雅(Ideal)，成車製造商，近年來分別占出口前三大。 所以本研究要探討，金融海嘯爆發的前後，對台灣自行車業帶來的影響，研究資料選定為2000年1月至2013年12月間的巨大股價(9921)、美利達股價(9914)、愛地雅股價(8933)、台灣股價加權指數(TWII)、原油價格、工業生產指數的月資料，共168筆。透過單根檢定檢測資料是否為定態，利用共整合檢定確定是否含有至少一組解，搭配向量誤差修正模型檢測變數間的長短其關係，在利用複迴歸模型檢測。 研究結果顯示，巨大、美利達、愛地雅和台灣加權股價指數具有顯著關係，由於台灣自行車屬於出口導向以及中高價位產品，故全球景氣對台灣自行車業深具影響。其中，巨大和美利達除了ODM外，亦有自有品牌在全球銷售，愛地雅定位專業ODM專業代工廠，前者發展不同市場。 / The word "bicycle" has become one of the pronouns of environmental protection. In the past, Taiwan bicycling industry was treated as low-quality products internationally. With long-time effort, Taiwan bicycling industry was highly appreciated. Recently, global warming issue, cosmopolitan health sense, dramatically increased oil price, the eruption of financial crisis, and many reasons lead the bicycles have not positively evaluated as means of transportation. Now, it becomes the outdoor recreation mean. Comparing Taiwan bicycling industry with other traditional industry, it doesn't fall down but highly increase no matter export value or stock price. The manufacturer of Giant, Merida, and Ideal are the top 3 of export recently. So this study want to explore the things happened before and after the outbreak of the financial crisis that affects bicycle industry in Taiwan, research data for selected between January 2000 and December 2013, relationship between the Giant(9921) shares, Merida (9914) shares, Ideal(8933) shares, TWII, the price of crude oil, industrial production index. Through the Unit Root Test to test whether the data is the steady state or not. By using cointegration test to make sure whether contains at least one group of solutions and vector error correction model to detect the length of the relationship between variables, and using the multiple regression model to test. Results of the research shows that Giant, Merida, Ideal has significant relationship with TWII, because Taiwan bicycle are export-oriented and high price products, so the global boom has profound influence to Taiwan bicycle industry, among them, the Giant and Merida except the ODM, have their own brands in global sales, Ideal professional locate, ODM professional contract, the former develops different markets. / 摘要 I Abstract II 謝辭 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 VII 第一章　緒論 1 第一節　研究動機 1 第二節　研究目的 3 第三節　巨大機械工業股份有限公司簡介 4 第四節　美利達工業股份有限公司簡介 5 第五節　愛地雅工業股份有限公司簡介 6 第六節　研究架構 7 第二章　文獻回顧 9 第一節　國內相關文獻 9 第二節　國外相關文獻 11 第三節　國內外文獻一覽表 12 第三章　研究方法 20 第一節　單根檢定 20 第二節　共整合檢定 22 第三節　向量誤差修正模型(VECM) 24 第四節　迴歸分析 24 第四章　實證分析 26 第一節　資料來源與處理 26 第二節　敘述統計 31 第三節　單根檢定 32 第四節　共整合檢定 33 第五節　向量誤差修正模型(VECM) 33 第六節　複迴歸模型 35 第五章　結果分析與建議 38 第一節　結果分析 38 第二節　建議 39 參考文獻 40 附錄一　巨大工業股份有限公司沿革 43 附錄二　美利達股份有限公司沿革 47 附錄三　愛地雅股份有限公司沿革 57 圖目錄 圖1-6 研究架構 8 圖4-1-1 台灣自行車業總出口產值(百萬元，美金) 27 圖4-1-2 台灣股價大盤指數(TWII，當日收盤價) 27 圖4-1-3 巨大股價(9921，當日收盤價) 28 圖4-1-4 美利達股價(9914，當日收盤價) 28 圖4-1-5 愛地雅股價(8933，當日收盤價) 29 圖4-1-6 國際原油價格(西德州，美元) 29 圖4-1-7 台灣工業生產指數 30 表目錄 表1-3 巨大公司基本資料 4 表1-4 美利達公司基本資料 5 表1-5 愛地雅公司基本資料 6 表2-3 國內外相關文獻整理 12 表4-1 資料來源一覽表 26 表4-3-1 ADF 單根檢定 32 表4-3-2 單根檢定-一階差分 32 表4-4-1 共整合檢定 33 表4-5-1 Giant & Merida　向量誤差修正模型 34 表4-5-2 Giant & Ideal　向量誤差修正模型 34 表4-5-3 Merida & Ideal　向量誤差修正模型 34 表4-6-1 自行車產業與景氣循環對巨大股價之影響 37 表4-6-2 自行車產業與景氣循環對美利達股價之影響 37 表4-6-3 自行車產業與景氣循環對愛地雅股價之影響 37

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C) 課題番号:09650580 研究代表者:中村 英雄 研究期間:1997-1998年度

能源的議題牽繫人類文明的發展，在開發與運用的同時，也伴隨相當的代價。當代所因應發展的新能源經濟，在全球範圍內希冀提供人類前進的方案。 在新能源經濟的浪潮中，三個主要支柱分別是可再生能源，智慧電網與智慧家庭，以及電動車。我們解構產業的組成與價值鏈，分析產業的發展現況，並探究可行的技術運用與商業模式。 最終希望結合我們所擅長的資訊科技，在經濟層面為這片土地作出貢獻。

本研究以臺北市公有停車場管理員為研究對象，探討不同個人屬性的管理員在工作滿意、工作壓力與組織公民行為上的差異性，及工作滿意、工作壓力對組織公民行為的影響情形，經由問卷調查蒐集資料，於103年3月6日發出642份問卷，3月14日回收，有效問卷計585份(回收率91.1%)。並以描述性統計、Pearson積差相關分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析及多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析，獲致研究結論如下： 一、個人屬性中以「年齡」、「年資」及「工作屬性」在各變項及構面上有顯著的差異。 二、工作滿意與各構面對組織公民行為與各構面均呈現顯著之正相關。 三、工作壓力與組織公民行為間有顯著的負相關，「人際關係」及「組織氣氛」與組織公民行為各構面均呈現相當顯著之負相關。 四、在聯合預測力的分析結果，工作滿意的預測力高於工作壓力，並以工作滿意的「工作內容」最能正向影響組織公民行為，工作壓力的「人際關係」對組織公民行為最具負向預測力。 依據研究結論提出實務建議，期能對機關的管理效能有所助益。 關鍵字：公有停車場管理員、工作壓力、工作滿意、組織公民行為 / This research takes the public parking administrator in Taipei as the object to discuss their personalities contributes the job satisfaction, job stress and the difference of the organizational citizenship behaviors, and it also discuss the influence about the job satisfaction, job stress to the organizational citizenship behaviors. The research is implemented by questionnaire that issued for 642 on March 6, 2014 and collected on March 14. The valid questionnaire is five hundreds and eight-five (585) and in 91.1% response rate. The data is analyzed by the descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Correlation Aanalysis,Independent t Test, One Way ANOVA and Multiple Regression Aanalysis and the conclusion are as follows: 1. The personal "age", "seniority" and "job properties" have significant differences in all variables and structure. 2.Job satisfaction and organizational citizen behavior showed a significant positive correlation between two of them. 3.There is a significant negative correlation between job stress and organizational citizen behavior. The "human relationships" and "organizational ambience" and the various structures of organizational citizen behavior showed a fairly significant negative correlation. 4.The analysis results in joint predictive power, the predictive job satisfaction is higher than the job stress, and “job content” in job satisfaction has the most positive impact on organizational citizen behavior. The "interpersonal" in the job stress has the most negative predictive power to organizational citizen behavior. Based on above findings, some recommendations are proposed and expected it helps the management level to improve the organization’s effectiveness. Keywords: The public parking administrator , Job stress, Job satisfaction, Organizational citizenship behavior.

對於資金的大量需求是汽車行業維持生產和銷售的主要特徵；運用消費金融業務擴大汽車廠家的產銷規模，成為了汽車消費財務服務產生的基礎。 最早的汽車消費財務服務業務，起源於1907年的美國，伴隨著汽車在美國、德國、日本等汽車行業發達國家的普及，汽車消費財務服務的業務規模也急劇擴大。在汽車消費財務服務的沿革過程中,汽車製造廠商藉助自身獨有的專業化和規模化優勢, 投資了汽車財務服務公司，逐漸成為國際汽車消費財務服務的經營主體。 汽車消費信貸 (Hire Purchase) 和汽車融資租賃 (Operating Lease) 是汽車財務服務的主要業務型式。隨著消費觀念的改變，汽車財務服務的業務重心也漸漸從消費信貸移轉到融資租賃。 融資租賃是將傳統的租賃提升到貿易與金融相結合的方式，透過「融物形式」達到「融資目的」的一種交易方式。融資租賃逐漸成為現代企業設備融資的重要形式之一，甚至在面對金融海嘯的衝擊時，扮演「拉動內需導航儀」的角色，對現代經濟的影響越來越大。 本文以多國籍企業的國際型車廠角度，闡釋消費財務服務的業務以及功能，並進一步分析汽車財務服務公司的快速發展現狀，以及多元化和產業化的發展趨勢。在內容的編寫上，先針對過去臺灣地區，對於提高汽車產業競爭力之歷史做回顧，並說明目前臺灣地區，汽車產業的現狀與優勢，再以企業五力分析，研究政策制定與產業趨勢的關係，並強調政策推動之方向與管理資訊的內容及其重要性。 最後，本文結合了不同發展階段和時期的國內經濟和汽車產業的發展特徵,剖析了當前限制汽車消費財務服務進一步發展原因，提出了推動汽車消費財務服務在我國發展繁榮的條件和建議。 / Capital intensive is the key character of vehicle industry in its production and sales cycle. Employ consumer finance to expand sales and manufacture scale is the strategic intent among vehicle industry which paved the way to flourish the Vehicle Financial Services (VFS) Business. VFS Business was originally from America in 1907. Like emergent market, VFS extends the business along with the vehicle universalism in USA, Germany, Japan and even other developed countries. Through the pipeline control, the Vehicle Manufactures fully take the advantage from their core competence, get involved into Financial Services business and then earn the operating ownership accordingly. Hire Purchase (HP) and Operating Lease (OL) both are the major business models for VFS. Time is changed. The business was mainly focus on HP, but shift to OL followed by the Consumption Concept changed. OL is a kind of transaction which develops the traditional leasing into trading and financing, by pass the purely money financing. OL is currently playing the key role for cooperate equipment leasing. Further more, OL was also the key driver to pull the domestic demand, great help to Economy Status. This article is trying to illustrate the consumer financial services and features from Multinational Vehicle Manufacture point of view. Meanwhile, it also further analyzes the strong growth on VFS business as well as diversification and industrialization trends. Structure wise, we started out the historical review for improving competitiveness on Taiwan market, got on the current SWOT, and then turned point to Porter's 5 Forces Analysis. We went through all the way from “country policy development linked with vehicle industry trends” to stress “the importance on cooperate policy and information management”. Eventually, this article lists down the market development from different stages, profiles the domestic economy together with industry characteristic, dissects the obstructions on VFS from further development, ends up with movement proposal.

政府辦理區段徵收希望帶動新社區的繁榮，達成都市整體發展，取得公共設施用地及節省龐大建設經費支出等之目標，而地主希望藉由政府的開發行為，享有土地利用價值提高、公共設施完善等好處，然而所謂的公私互蒙其利，共創政府與民眾雙贏的開發方式，卻仍常產生地主為了財產權保障抗爭之情形而導致區段徵收作業延宕，因此，本研究以高鐵新竹車站特定區區段徵收案為例，針對地主選擇行為進行探討，透過群落分析歸類地主選配抵價地的型態，經由因子分析找出影響選配抵價地行為之因子，最後藉由羅吉特建立地主選配抵價地模型，希望可以提供政府部門及地主在選配抵價地之參考。研究結果如下： 一、 透過群落分析，予以歸類分析，劃分易於解釋的分配類型，可獲得二個群組四個方案，由此可瞭解地主選配抵價地型態。 二、 參與抵價地配地作業以男性地主居多，以年齡層多集中於中年左右，受訪地主多為已婚；受訪地主針對各項選配抵價地之影響因素均表示影響程度上都是以影響很大為居多，其中受訪地主多數認為使用分區類別、面前街道寬度、鄰近嫌惡設施程度、坵塊形狀、街廓評議地價高低等因素對於選配抵價地影響很大，又以鄰近嫌惡設施程度為居高。 三、 經由研究得知目前政府提供予地主之資訊管道不足或宣傳不周，對於整體區段徵收作業仍需加強與地主資訊的傳遞，以及充分公開整體計畫內容。 四、 部份地主不太滿意先抽籤再選配街廓的抵價地配地作業方式，其原因有主要為因籤號先後導致無法選配期望街廓佔多數，其次為權利價值較小者可能無法選配街廓，而需再與他人合併分配。 五、 建構八種類型之二項羅吉特模式，並透過AIC及SC值找出能力較佳的群組方案，由方案中得知地主多數還是以居住適宜性及小規模開發為主要。 六、 由二項羅吉特模式實證結果顯示，模型共通變數為土地變數的使用分區類別、基地最小開發規模訂定、鄰近嫌惡設施程度、緊臨遊憩設施狀況、坵塊座向，以及地主行為變數面前街道寬度影響程度、鄰近嫌惡設施影響程度、區段徵收前土地座落位置影響程度、性別、學歷、職業等等，均顯著影響地主選配抵價地之行為。 / Zone-expropriation by government hopes to achieve these targets like exciting new community's prosperity, achieving the overall development of the new city, accessing the public facilities and saving huge expenditures. By the government's development activities, the landlords enjoy the benefits of increased value of land and good public facilities. Handling Zone expropriation creates a win-win situation between the Government and the landlords. However, in the process of Zone-expropriation often generate opposition of landowners to protect their property rights which led to delays in Zone-expropriation operations. Therefore, this study of THSR (Taiwan High Speed Rail) Hsinchu Station Zone- expropriation as an example and discuss the landowner’s choice behavior. Through cluster analysis classified the landowner’s choice behavior. And by factor analysis to identify the major factors of landlord’s choice behavior. Finally by Logit modeling the landlord model hopes to provide some valuable suggestions for government. The study results are as follows: 1. Through cluster analysis, the study classified and divided into two groups that are easy to explain. The two groups contain four plans each and they can explain the landlord’s choice behavior. 2. Landlords of participation of Zone-expropriation are mostly male with age around 40 to 60 years old. These mostly married landlords think these are the major factors, the use of zoning category, the street width, the neighboring facilities, the shape of street block, the value of street blocks. The neighboring facilities rank the top 1 factor. 3. Through the research shows that government lacks of information or promotional channels. Government should improve the communication with landlords and fully disclosed the contents of the overall Zone-expropriation plan. 4. Landowners are not satisfied by the flow of ballot at first and then land choosing. The major reason is landlords can not choose the expected lands after ballot. And the second reason is the land loads with smaller land value can not choose street blocks unless they combine with other landlords’ land value and choose the expected land. 5. In the study, construction of eight types of models from two of Logit modeling, through the AIC and SC values come out the better group and plan. It shows the better plan is the small-scale residential development and good environment for the most landlords. 6. By the empirical results from Logit model show that model common variables are the land use zoning category, the base size of the minimum development, near the level of aversion facilities, recreational facilities close to the zone, street block location, the width of the street, the impact of land location before zone expropriation, gender, education, occupation, etc. They are significantly affected the selection behavior of land choice.