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影響都市更新合建分配比率因素之研究-以台北市為例 / Factors affecting share distribution in jointly developed urban renewal projects --- an example of Taipei City江志恩, Chiang, Chih En Unknown Date (has links)
過去都市更新相關文獻中,多在分析都市更新制度與探討相關法令缺失,且多以權利變換方式探討地主權益之分配,較少以量化分析來研究都市更新協議合建分配型態,對於地主所關注合建分配比率之影響因素也未能深入研究。本研究透過文獻回顧與台北市都市更新之現況分析後,掌握可能之影響變數,藉由實證資料之蒐集與相關變數之選取,將資料進行複迴歸實證分析,以探討影響都市更新合建分配比率之顯著變數。
本研究篩選出可能影響合建分配比率之14個自變項,並排除相關係較高之土地所有權人數及建築成本兩變數後,透過複迴歸分析,結果顯示有8項達顯著性之影響因素,其中個別屬性變數包括每人土地面積、每容積公告土地現值、平均容積率、臨路寬度與臨路寬度平方、都市更新容積獎勵率、區域房價等6項達顯著性,除臨路寬度平方與都市更新合建分配比率呈負向關係外,其他皆呈正向關係,而在總體經濟變數有上一月基準利率及上一季M2年增率等2項達顯著性,其中上一月基準利率與都市更新合建分配比率呈負向關係,而上一季M2年增率與都市更新合建分配比率呈正向關係。
由實證結果得知,增加都市更新容積獎勵,確實有助提昇地主合建分配比率,因此,政府應適度調整容積獎勵項目及上限,使地主參加都市更新後,能獲得較佳之居住環境與較高之居住面積水準,甚至保障地主原居住面積水準,以增加地主參與都市更新之意願。期望政府持續大力推動都市更新政策,透過建築規劃及設計,達到改善市容、美化環境、增進公共安全及提昇居住水準等政策目的,進而達到政府、地主及開發商三贏之目標。 / Most of the past research studies on urban renewal involves analysis in the related regulations and their shortcomings. Furthermore, studies based on allocation of land owners’ equity rights are mostly done from perspective of the rules set from the government supervised appraisal process known as Rights Transformation. Few of them are conducted using the quantitative approach to derive the equity rights of the landowners from the perspective of the process known as Joint Development --- a process of private negotiation and derived terms. Thus, through analysing research articles and the current state of the urban renewal projects in Taipei, this study first intends to identify the possible variables that might affect the equity share distribution. Then using regression analysis based on the selected variables and collections of empirical data, this study explores and derives variables of significant impacts on the equity share distribution between developers and landowners in jointly developed urban renewal projects.
This research has screened 14 independent variables that might have impact the equity share distribution. Results of regression analysis identify 8 significant factors, including land area per owner, government assesed land value per floor area, average floor area ratio, road width, square of road width, floor area incentive for urban renewal, and surrounding area housing value. Most of the variables have positive relationships with the landowners’ equity except for the square of road width. Macroeconomic variables such as last month’s prime interest rate and M2 growth rate in the previous quarter are found to have significant impact as well. Of which, prime interest rate is found to have negative relationship with landowners’ equity, and M2 growth rate is found to have positive relationship.
Based on this empirical study, the result shows that increasing urban renewal floor area incentives indeed enhances landowners’ equity rights in a jointly developed urban renewal project. Thus, government should adjust appropriately each of the floor area incentives and their maximum allowed limits, giving the original residents a better living environment and a slightly larger living space from the redeveloped project. Furthermore, to increase the willingness of the original residents’ participation in urban renewal projects, the government could guarantee the retention of their floor area in the redeveloped projects to be the same as the floor area before urban renewal. The government should continue to promote its urban renewal policy. Proper architecture planning and design will improve the city’s appearance and the environment, as well as enhancing public safety and living standards - through which the government will not only achieve its policy objectives, but also create a win-win situation between the developers, landowners, and the government itself.
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合作銀行之特性對銀行保險業務品質影響之研究 / The Relationship between the Characteristics of Banks and the Quality of Bancassurance楊書齊, Yang, Shu Chi Unknown Date (has links)
台灣的銀行保險於2000年興起,2009年銀行通路初年度保費收入(First Year Premium, FYP)占整體壽險業初年度保費收入的比重達63.15%,首次超越傳統業務員通路,至2012年為止皆維持5成以上,顯示銀行通路對壽險公司的重要性。實務上壽險公司同時會與多家銀行簽訂保險銷售的合作契約,如何確保合作銀行招攬之業務是對公司有益而非反而造成公司虧損,成為壽險公司重要的課題。
本研究依據銀行之設立時間、是否由政府持股、是否具金控背景、是否為非商業銀行、資產規模及公司治理結構等特性進行分類,由各類銀行通路招攬之醫療險是否發生短期理賠及短期理賠之總金額判斷其業務品質,並利用logistic迴歸模型及OLS迴歸模型探討合作銀行之特性對銀行保險業務品質之影響。
實證結果顯示,1991年以前設立之舊銀行、商業銀行及大資產規模之銀行的短期理賠狀況較少,契約品質較佳。至於銀行是否由政府持股、是否具金控背景及銀行的公司治理結構等因素則對短期理賠並沒有顯著的影響。理賠金額方面,實證結果則顯示所有銀行特性對於理賠金額之影響都是不顯著的,表示被保險人或許會因為投保銀行之特性影響其申請理賠之機率,但不會因銀行之特性影響申請理賠之金額。 / Bancassurance in Taiwan has been developed rapidly since 2000. In 2009, first year premium (FYP) of life insurance from bank channels exceeds FYP from agent channels for the first time. It is clear that bank channels are very important for life insurance companies. Thus, how to maintain the quality of insurance business from every bank channel becomes a big concern for life insurance companies.
This study judge the quality of insurance business by observing the conditions of claim of permanent health insurance selling in bank channels, and use logistic regression and OLS regression to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of banks and the quality of bancassurance based on the foundation time of banks, the equity possessions of banks, the assets of banks, the corporate governance structure of banks, and so forth.
According to the empirical results, the characteristics of banks affect the probability of short-term claim, but the characteristics of banks do not affect the amount of claim.
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銀行通路與保險公司間合作關係與 保險業務品質之研究 / How the Relationship between Insurance Companies and Banks Affects the Quality of Bancassurance黃靖宇, Huang, Ching Yu Unknown Date (has links)
在市埸外在環境及法令政策的改變之下,台灣的銀行保險業務自2000年起快速發展,並帶動整體壽險業保費規模的成長。通常壽險公司同時會跟許多家銀行合作推動銀行保險,但與每家合作銀行之合作關係不盡相同,而由於銀行通路對壽險業極為重要,因此壽險公司皆希望所有合作銀行所招攬之保險業務都能有良好的品質,使保險業與銀行業的合作形成雙贏的局面。
本研究依據合作銀行之相對談判力、合作銀行與壽險公司間的信賴關係及壽險公司是否持股合作銀行等指標,輔以各銀行通路之醫療險損失情形判斷其業務品質,並藉由logistic迴歸模型及OLS迴歸模型探討銀行保險業務中,合作銀行與壽險公司之間的合作關係對銀行保險業務品質之影響。
實證結果顯示,相對談判力小、信任程度高及保險公司有投資股權的合作銀行,其短期理賠的機率較低,而銀行與保險公司間的合作關係對於理賠金額則沒有顯著影響。 / Due to the motivation of macroeconomic environment and the change of regulation, bancasssurance in Taiwan develops quickly these years. In general, life insurance companies sign cooperative contracts with plenty of banks, but the relationship with every bank could be different. All life insurance company wish that the quality of insurance business from every bank channel maintains very well despite the different cooperative relationships.
This study evaluate the quality of insurance business by observing the conditions of claim of permanent health insurance selling in bank channels, and use logistic regression and OLS regression to analyze how the relationship between insurance companies and banks affects the quality of bancassurance
According to the empirical results, when banks have relatively weaker bargaining power, banks are highly trusted or invested by insurance companies, the quality of bancassurance from the above-mentioned bank channels is better.
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我國各縣市整體環保績效之研究 / The Performance Evaluation of Environmental Protection in Taiwan’s Local Governments游京晶, Yu, Jing Jing Unknown Date (has links)
台灣1970年代以來經濟起飛,人民生活日漸富裕,隨著經濟實力成長,同時也犧牲了環境,為了使人類永續發展,人民開始重視環境保護,要求政府改善以維護生活品質。因此環保投入的效率成為重要的研究課題。
本研究目的以資料包絡分析法建立客觀的「投入-產出」模型,來評估2001年至2010年各縣市環保機關在空氣、噪音、水及廢棄物污染防制的續效表現,再分析各縣市環保機關整體績效,並研究四個環保評估面向影響整體環保績效的比例為何。
實證結果發現,整體績效而言,台北市、高雄市資源雖然多,但技術仍然不足以應付沉重的環境、人口負荷量,使得投入與產出的效率不如其他縣市。並由各環保面向績效的趨勢分析發現,資源回收率的效率進步最多,水污染防制效率最差。
Tobit迴歸模型中,四個環保評估面向對整體環保面向的影響為顯著正相關,而且資源回收率效率值對整體環保效率值的影響最大,符合本研究預期。 / This research aims at assessing environmental protection performance in Taiwan’s local governments about air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution and resource recycling from 2001 to 2010 base on DEA and Tobit regression model to analyze the effect of each part’s CCR on whole Environmental Protection efficiency.
The result of DEA are (1)The Taipei city and Kaohsiung are good in input than other cities, but lower than other cities in output, because there are too many population to deal with those pollution. (2)Analyzing the trend of each environmental protection part, the resource recycling make great progress.
According to this study, the fore evaluations are significantly positive effect on whole performance evaluation of environmental protection. The most value is resource recycling that meet our expected
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分量迴歸之應用--以台灣地區製造業普查資料為例林芳如, Lin,Fang-Ju Unknown Date (has links)
中小企業在臺灣經濟發展過程中,扮演著舉足輕重的地位。中小企業向為台灣經濟發展之基石,其所具備的靈活、彈性、進可攻、退可守等優點,是帶動台灣整體經濟快速發展的重要因素。另一方面,由於中小企業規模不大、人才與資金資源較為缺乏等,因此營運上相較大企業不易。長久以來,中小企業一直是台灣經濟發展的主體,在台灣經濟發展的成長或產業發展過程中,不論在拓展對外貿易、增加國民所得、提高人民生活水準或是在創造就業機會、促進社會安定,中小企業均有卓越之貢獻。
本研究透過台灣工商普查資料,以產業為基本單位,利用長期且完整的時間序列資料,探討中小企業市場占有率的變動情形,並藉由普通最小平方迴歸及分量迴歸,分析1991年、1996年及2001年中小企業市場占有率之決定因素。以普通最小平方迴歸的方式來估計中小企業市場占有率時,會忽略其條件分配的差異。由實証結果發現,1991年、1996年及2001年中小企業相對其產業之平均勞動生產力(RL)對於中小企業市場占有率為顯著的正向影響,而產業出口比例(EX) 及產業平均年齡(AG)對於中小企業市場占有率為顯著的負向影響,在這10年間此三變數一直為重要的影響因素;產業加工收入與營收比(XR)與產業加工支出與薪資比(XE)皆屬分包制度的指標ㄧ,由三年合併的模型來看,此兩變數皆在中小企業市占率偏中低的產業有著顯著的正向影響。 / In the process of Taiwan economic development, small and medium size enterprises play very significant positions. In general, they are the foundations of Taiwan’s economy. With their flexible and efficiency manufacturing characteristics, small and medium size enterprises are the most contributors for Taiwan’s economic growth. However, as they are recognized as lack of financial capital and human resources, it is more difficult for them to manage their operations than big size enterprises. The small and medium size enterprises have occupied a significant proportion of Taiwan economy system for a long time. In the history of economy and industry development in Taiwan, the small and medium size enterprises have remarkable contributions in many aspects, such as the growth of foreign trade, national income and work opportunity, the improvement of the living standard, or the stability of society.
This study base on census data which have long-term and complete time series data to seek the changes of market shares of small and medium size enterprises and to analyze the determinants of market shares of small and medium size enterprises in 1991、1996 and 2001 by OLS regression and quantile regression. We employ quantile regression to capture the behavior at each quantile of conditional distribution. According to the data result, RL is significant positive effect on market shares of small and medium size enterprises, while EX and AG is significant negative effect on it in 1991、1996 and 2001. These three variables are important factors during the past 10 years. XR and XE both are indications of sub-contracting system. As result of three-year combination model, these two variables are significant positive effect on market shares of small and medium size enterprises which belong to the industry of small and medium quantiles.
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影響信用卡持卡人違約風險的因素-以Binary Quantile Regression作分析廖秋媚, Liao, Chiu-Mei Unknown Date (has links)
我國的信用卡市場在民國八十二年全面開放以來,發展至今不過10餘年,已成為全球成長最快速的信用卡市場之一。但近年來也隨著信用卡業務已有相當顯著的成長,然而信用卡不僅只是一種支付工具,也屬於免擔保的信用融資,對發卡銀行而言,風險很高。故本文對於銀行要如何快速且正確的掌握客戶信用與還款能力,以防範呆帳發生,也變得日趨重要。
故本文利用Binary Quantile Regression可用於探討解釋變數對於被解釋變數在給定「特定分位數之下的邊際效果」,提供不同分位數的估計結果,可用於觀察被解釋變數的整個分配狀況。在實證上,二元分量迴歸模型不只可用來解釋平均的狀況,更常用來觀察分配尾端的情況。在以ROC與CAP的信用風險模型來驗證其Binary Quantile Regression的效力。
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金控與非金控銀行經營績效影響因素之探討 / An Investigation of the Performance of Financial Holding and Non-Financial Holding Banks陳添智, Chen, Tien-Chih Unknown Date (has links)
我國自民國90年11月「金融控股公司法」制定公佈施行以來,已核准設立14家金融控股公司,初步完成建構金融跨業經營目標,然嶄新的金融控股公司型態是否能產生預期綜合效益,在金控公司成立屆滿3年之際,實有必要對其投資主體事業-「銀行」之經營績效進行實證瞭解。本論文以94年底45家本國銀行為研究對象,以金控公司成立前後各推3年為資料涵蓋期間,運用資料包絡分析法(data envelopment analysis,簡稱DEA)及Tobit截斷迴歸模型,分別從全體銀行及金控公司旗下銀行二大群組角度,探討金控公司成立對銀行經營績效的影響。
實證發現:本國銀行平均技術效率水準介於56.81%~85.86%間,代表銀行投入資源使用效率仍待改善,其技術無效率來源主要應歸因於資源浪費造成的純技術無效率,各銀行技術效率水準存在明顯差異,且多數非處於最適規模階段經營;金控銀行平均規模效率水準在金控公司成立前後均高於非金控銀行,顯示金控銀行先天在經營規模上即較具效率;銀行加入金控公司後平均技術效率水準明顯提升,且提升幅度高於非金控銀行;銀行透過業務分散、加入金控公司、擴增分行家數、降低逾放比率等經營策略,均有助提高技術效率;銀行公股比率與逾放覆蓋率高低,對技術效率影響效果,視時空環境因素及銀行經營策略而異,銀行資產市占率高低對技術效率的影響,統計解釋上並無顯著性;金控公司透過分散銀行子公司業務、積極整合金控資源、納入保險子公司、增加銀行子公司資產市場占有率等策略,將有助提升銀行子公司技術效率水準。
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特徵價格法在住宅大量估價模型中的延伸—分量迴歸之應用 / The Extension of Hedonic Price Theory in Housing Mass appraisal Models— The Application of Quantile Regression張怡文, Chang, Yi Wen Unknown Date (has links)
特徵價格模型是傳統常被使用於不動產大量估價的模型,由於模型將造成所有價位的不動產其特徵都具有同樣的邊際價格而無法解釋現實不動產特徵的各種可能狀況,故引發本研究利用分量迴歸建立大量估價模型之動機。研究利用台灣不動產成交行情公報的資料進行台北市大廈的實證分析,針對特徵價格法的延伸與估價準確度做檢視。嘗試應用分量迴歸建立大量估價模型,討論住宅特徵對於價格的邊際影響力於不同價位的住宅是否存在差異,並討論分量迴歸模型的估價精確度。研究採用交互驗證法與重複實驗30次討論模型的估計效果,並利用平均絕對百分比誤差(MAPE)以及命中率(Hit Rate)做為模型預測優劣程度的衡量標準,以討論分量迴歸模型是否可以較最小平方特徵價格模型有更為準確的估計表現。實證首先探討價格分量之下各住宅屬性對於價格的影響狀況,得到大部分住宅特徵對於價格的邊際影響力的確會因住宅價位的不同而有所差異。在估價準確度的部份,經測試得到利用分量迴歸建立大量估價模型的估價效果達研究的預期目標,且其估計表現優於最小平方特徵價格模型。 / 藉由分量迴歸模型,得到隨著住宅價位的增加,坪數與屋齡對於價格的影響力並非呈現一致的趨勢;坪數輪廓與屋齡輪廓出現轉折也為變數增加二次項變數的原因得到實證依據。重複實驗30次的整體表現,分量迴歸模型的MAPE較最小平方迴歸模型低了1.687%;誤差落在正負10%的Hit Rate較最小平方迴歸模型高了3.81%;誤差落在正負20%的Hit Rate較最小平方迴歸模型高了5.14%。30次的實證為分量迴歸模型的估價表現更優於最小平方迴歸模型得到較具說服力的結果。 / Hedonic pricing models are traditionally used for real estate automated valuation models. Because the conditional mean calculated by OLS does not give a complete description of the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables, which leads to the motive of this study. This study inspects the extension of hedonic pricing models and appraisal accuracy, and we attempt to apply quantile regression to real estate automated valuation models and discuss the difference of the marginal contribution in each individual characteristic under different price level. Our study adopts cross validation and repeats empirical process for 30 times, and we use MAPE and hit rate to evaluate accuracy and argue if quantile regression models have better estimation. The empirical results show that the marginal contribution of housing area and age changes with price level; the turning points of area curve and age curve show empirical evidence for including square variables. The entirety performance of repeated experiments points out that the MAPE of quantile regression model is 1.687% lower than OLS model; as error ranged between 10% to -10%, the hit rate of quantile regression model is 3.81% higher than OLS model; as error ranged between 20% to -20%, the hit rate of quantile regression model is 5.14% higher than OLS model. The 30 times experiment of quantile regression models shows a much more persuasive result than OLS models.
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BASEL II之銀行企金實務 - 以財簽資料為例黃俊瑋 Unknown Date (has links)
2007年,台灣將實施新版巴塞爾資本協定,在舊版協定的最低資本要求之外,更擴展成了三大支柱(Pillar):最低資本適足、監理審查程序以及市場紀律(公開揭露)之標準,並且引入了風險評等的觀念來計算法定資本,即信用評等方法,使得銀行能夠自行採用銀行內部自有系統評估風險暴險,並據以計提所需資本,以彌補傳統標準法的不足。
新版巴塞爾資本協定引入了內部評等法(internal rating based approach,簡稱IRB),其又區分為基礎內部評等法(Foundation IRB Approach)與進階內部評等法(Adavanced IRB Approach),此改革欲提升金融機構的信用風險測量能力,並建立自有之信用評等系統,使銀行能夠自行評估信用風險,資本協定並詳述了內部評等法的內涵與規範,例如風險成份、暴險類型、最低要求等等,使銀行在採用內部評等法時能有所依據。
本研究之目的在以台灣之銀行實例,針對內部評等法(IRB)中的企業型暴險,根據新版巴塞爾資本協定與金管會的準則,建立信用評等模型,來推估風險成份中的違約機率(PD)。本研究利用羅吉斯迴歸建構評分模型,顯著之解釋變數包括產業變數、六項財務比率變數、以及二項授信交易資訊,其中財務變數包括一項獲力能力指標、二項經營效率指標、三項償債能力指標。本模型亦完成了新資本協定所規範之七項評等模型測試中的五項,顯示評等模型在正確性、穩定度、區隔能力等各方面均有良好的表現。這些測試包括:預測力測試、標竿化比較、評等同質性測試、評等穩定性測試、壓力測試。
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建構汽車險客戶評估模式之研究 / A research of establishing the evaluation model of car insurance customers莊皓鈞 Unknown Date (has links)
從西元2010至2014年以來,台灣車險市場的賠款率逐年攀升,而汽車保險業務占產險公司營收來源約五成,顯見汽車保險業務對於產險公司的重要性,然而近來高單價超跑肇事頻繁,屢登上新聞版面,單一案件的賠償金額遠超過客戶所繳保費收入,對公司經營績效產生莫大壓力。
本研究透過二元邏輯迴歸來探討可能影響車體險出險理賠的因素,依據發現的影響因子建立客戶評估模式,提高公司經營績效,藉由個案公司所提供西元2012至2014年共1,071,935筆的資料,以SPSS Statistics作為分析工具,得出年齡、性別、國產或進口車種類、車輛出廠年份以及車輛用途分類中的重型機車、自用小客車、客貨兩用車、長租小客車和個人計程車與出險理賠存在相關性。
分析後發現五大結論。第一,年齡增長與出險理賠呈現負相關;第二,女性出險的機率高於男性;第三,進口車出險理賠的機率遠高於國產車;第四,車齡愈小發生出險理賠的機率愈高;最後則是各項車種用途的車輛發生出險理賠機率皆偏高,尤以長租小客車和個人計程車為最。
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