Global ETD Search

71	L’ironie à l’égard de la ruse féminine dans le Roman de Silence et son contexte manuscrit Boucher de Niverville, Élisabeth 08 1900 (has links) La ruse féminine, étudiée en regard de la littérature narrative médiévale, constitue une topique spontanément associée à une idéologie misogyne. Les itérations des motifs liés à cette topique foisonnent dans le Roman de Silence et dans les fabliaux également copiés dans le manuscrit de Nottingham. Étant donné la place prépondérante du travestissement dans le Roman de Silence, ce texte a été abondamment étudié sous l’angle des Gender Studies. Toutefois, le travestissement endossé ou orchestré par des figures féminines est compris dans un ensemble de motifs liés à la ruse féminine. Cette dernière fait l’objet de nombreux commentaires de la part des narrateurs et des personnages du corpus. Or il arrive parfois que ces commentaires, sous des dehors désapprobateurs, mettent en lumière la puissance de la ruse féminine. Qui plus est, d’un point de vue narratologique, la réussite ou l’échec de ces ruses ont été étudiés, dans un corpus où le ton se fait souvent didactique, pour établir si celles-ci tenaient lieu d’exemples ou de contre-exemples. Avant d’analyser l’énonciation, les motifs de la ruse féminine ont été étudiés en regard des hypotextes qu’ils évoquaient, et ce, tout en postulant l’interlisibilité des textes d’un même manuscrit. Il a donc été possible de déterminer dans quelle mesure le corpus désamorçait ces motifs, créant des situations souvent ironiques signalant au lecteur de ne pas s’aventurer trop crédulement dans les textes, et d’être attentif autant à l’ironie de situation qu’à celle qui s’ancre dans la situation d’énonciation. / The feminine wiles topic is part of a series of motifs found in medieval narrative literature that bring to light a misogynistic ideologie. Iterations of such motifs are abundant in the Roman de Silence and in the fabliaux also copied in the Nottingham manuscript. Because of the prominent role played by cross-dressing in the narrative of the Roman de Silence, this text has been the subject of numerous studies grounded in the Gender Studies field. However, the cross-dressing carried out or orchestrated by feminine characters is part of a larger ensemble of narrative motifs all comprised in the notion of feminine wiles. Many comments about this topic are found in the corpus, originating both from narrators and from characters. Yet those comments, who may at first sound disapproving, sometimes highlight the power of feminine wiles. Moreover, from a narratological point of view, the success or failure of those wiles, in a corpus where the tone is often didactic, have been examined as to assess if they must be considered examples or counterexamples. The motifs regarding the feminine wiles were also studied in comparison with the hypotexts they evoked. Furthermore, we postulated an interreadability between texts all copied in the same manuscript. That way it was possible to determine to what extent the corpus defused those motifs, thus often creating ironic situations which warned the reader not to venture in those texts too gullibly, and to be watchful of irony either stemming from the narrative or from the enunciation. ironie littérature médiévale pragmatique intertextualité Roman de Silence fabliaux Merlin Gautier le Leu ruse féminine travestissement irony medieval literature pragmatics intertextuality feminine wiles cross-dressing
72	Étude d'un lapidaire alphabétique du XVe siècle en prose, d'après le manuscrit Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds français, 2007. Jolin, Audray 04 1900 (has links) En raison de l’hétérogénéité et de l’extravagance de leur contenu, les lapidaires ont souvent été délaissés et restent, encore à ce jour, très peu considérés dans les études sur la littérature médiévale. Le nombre important de manuscrits répertoriés attestent pourtant de leur grande popularité et de la place qu’occupaient les pierres précieuses dans la société et la littérature médiévales. Le lapidaire anonyme tanscrit par le manuscrit Paris, BnF, fonds français, 2007, un lapidaire en prose daté du XVe siècle, n’est à ce jour abordé que dans une seule étude, celle de Barbara Geromel, qui s’est intéressée surtout à un autre témoin (le Turin, Biblioteca Reale, Varia 110) dont le contenu – même s’il est incomplet – correspond en tout point à celui du manuscrit de Paris. Ce lapidaire en prose s’inscrit dans une histoire longue et riche, celle des pierres précieuses depuis l’Antiquité, mais s’en démarque également par son organisation complexe de la matière, puisqu’il adopte de manière partielle et imparfaite le paradigme alphabétique, jusqu’alors très peu employé dans les encyclopédies dû aux tensions qu’il incarnait vis-à-vis l’ordre théologique. Témoin matériel d’une sphère plus considérable encore – celle de l’encyclopédisme médiéval –, ce lapidaire participe à la compilation du savoir de jadis et invite à une étude plus approfondie, à la fois de la matière qu’il recèle, de ses sources, issues d’une quantité importante de traditions manuscrites, et de son classement alphabétique. / Regarding the heterogeneity and extravagant nature of their content, the lapidaries have too often been put aside from studies concerning medieval literature, and, still to this day, only a few of them have been studied by scholars. However, the very high number of known manuscripts of such texts does tell us a lot about the popularity and the role played by precious gems within medieval society and litterature. The prose lapidary copied in ms Paris, BnF, fonds français, 2007, a prosaic lapidary dated from the XVth century, has yet only been mentioned once, in a study by Barbara Geromel, who was mostly interested by another manuscript – albeit incomplete – of the same text : ms Turin, Biblioteca Reale, Varia 110. The content remaining in this manuscript corresponds precisely to the one found within the Paris manuscript. This manuscript written in prose represents one single step in a long and rich history (the tradition of describing precious stones dating back to the Antiquity). Nervertheless, it also differs from this tradition by its complex inner organisation of the subject, since it puts to use to this effect an imperfect and incomplete alphabetical paradigm as a mean of classification, an unpopular paradigm at the time, as it embodied elements difficult to correlate with the theological order. This lapidary, a material witness of an even larger intelectual context – the world of mediaeval encyclopedism –, participates to the compilation of knowledge from older times, and calls for deeper studies of its general content, sources (themselves coming from varied manuscript traditions) and usage of an alphabetical classification. Paris, BnF, français, 2007 lapidaires pierres précieuses gemmes Moyen Âge XVe siècle manuscrits sources compilations philologie traditions manuscrites témoins pensée encyclopédique classements ordre alphabétique langues vernaculaires langues latines lapidaries precious stones gems Middle Ages 15th century manuscripts philology manuscripts traditions witnesses encyclopedic thinking alphabetical order vernacular languages Latin languages
73	Le parfait exemple du Reclus de Molliens : poétique de la réception du texte édifiant en strophe d’Hélinand (XIIIe-XVe siècles) Bottex-Ferragne, Ariane 08 1900 (has links) Poète picard du début du XIIIe siècle, le Reclus de Molliens est l’auteur à de deux textes à teneur morale, religieuse et savante, qui circulent sous les titres de Miserere et Carité. Même si ces deux textes édifiants connaissent une diffusion considérable au Moyen Âge et qu’ils rencontrent une réception plus que favorable auprès de plusieurs générations de lecteurs et d’auteurs anciens, ils ont largement été délaissés, voire négligés par la critique moderne, qui ne leur a accordé aucune monographie depuis la fin du XIXe siècle (Van Hamel, 1885). Si la présente thèse vise en partie à combler cette lacune par le moyen d’une mise à jour des données de base quant à la diffusion et au legs littéraire du Reclus de Molliens, elle propose avant tout une réflexion d’ordre poétique, qui engage de façon active le statut de canon littéraire de l’œuvre. À titre de textes à succès – qui font acte de modèle et d’étalon poétique aux yeux d’un vaste public –, Miserere et Carité paraissent tout désignés pour servir de guide et de point de repère poétique permettant de repenser la vitalité et les codes de la poésie édifiante, à l’aune des critères de jugement et des pratiques de lecture concrètes du public médiéval. La documentation historique liée au Reclus de Molliens révèle que le système de versification adopté dans Miserere et Carité, soit la strophe d’Hélinand (8aabaabbbabba), joue un rôle primordial dans la réception de l’œuvre. Comme il faudra le montrer, les textes en strophe d’Hélinand répondent à une série de règles cohérentes, spécifiques et différenciées (partie I), si bien qu’ils s’apparentent à un système poétique à part entière, doté de son propre « horizon d’attente » et de ses propres conventions de lecture (partie II). Ces règles non écrites, qui semblent directement infléchir la réception de Miserere et Carité, participent également du procès du sens en ajoutant un impact dramatique au propos édifiant (partie III). Dès lors que l’analyse de Miserere et Carité sera ainsi imbriquée à celle de ce corpus formel, il deviendra possible de dégager une poétique du texte édifiant en strophe d’Hélinand, qui sera guidée et balisée par le parfait exemple d’un poète à succès. / The Reclus de Molliens, an early 13th century French poet, is the author of two moralizing, religious and didactic texts known as Miserere and Carité. Despite its wide circulation, as well as its significant influence over subsequent generations of authors and readers, this work has been largely neglected by modern critics: the most recent monograph on Miserere and Carité was indeed published over one hundred thirty years ago (Van Hamel, 1885). The following dissertation aims at filling this gap in research by updating the basic data regarding the circulation and literary legacy of this medieval best-seller. Moreover, it provides a reflection surrounding the poetics of this work, which draws on its status as a part of a forgotten literary canon. The fact that Miserere and Carité were so widely read, and therefore constituted models and poetic benchmarks for a wide audience, makes them ideal case studies to rethink the vitality and the codes of moralizing poetry, based on the actual criteria and reading practices of the medieval audience. The historical documentation pertaining to the Reclus de Molliens reveals that the versification system adopted in Miserere and Carité, known as the Helinandian stanza (8aabaabbbabba), plays a vital role in the reception of his works. As will be demonstrated, works that are composed using this type of verse follow a consistent set of poetic rules (part 1). This means that they constitute a legitimate poetic system, with its own “horizon of expectations” and reading conventions (part 2). These implicit rules, which seem to have impacted the reception of Miserere and Carité, also contribute to the construction of meaning by adding a dramatic impact to their moralizing content (part 3). Once the analysis of Miserere and Carité is thus imbricated in the analysis its “formal family”, it will then be possible to define a poetics of the moralizing text written in Helinandian stanza, guided and framed by this successful poet. didactisme forme lecture manuscrit Miserere et Carité poétique réception Reclus de Molliens strophe d’Hélinand succès littéraire texte édifiant thème de la mort versification didacticism form manuscript Miserere and Carité poetics reading reception Helinand’s stanza literary best-seller moralizing literature theme of death versification
74	Satire of Counsel, Counsel of Satire: Representing Advisory Relations in Later Medieval Literature Newman, Jonathan M. 20 January 2009 (has links) Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction. Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices in the later Middle Ages. In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the iii theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction, considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation. Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer. Middle English Literature Medieval Latin Literature John Gower Thomas Hoccleve John Skelton John of Salisbury Daniel of Beccles Alan of Lille William IX of Poitiers literary pragmatics politeness in literature literary satire satire literary counsel medieval genre De planctu naturae Entheticus Urbanus Magnus Confessio Amantis Vox Clamantis Guilhem IX Regement of Princes Bowge of Court Richard II Henry IV Henry V Ricardian England Lancastrian England Walter Map De nugis curialium Angevin England Henry II Anglo-Latin poetry satiric verse literary complaint Plaint of Nature Regiment of Princes sociolinguistic criticism literary criticism counsel advice 0297
75	Satire of Counsel, Counsel of Satire: Representing Advisory Relations in Later Medieval Literature Newman, Jonathan M. 20 January 2009 (has links) Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction. Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices in the later Middle Ages. In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the iii theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction, considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation. Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer. Middle English Literature Medieval Latin Literature John Gower Thomas Hoccleve John Skelton John of Salisbury Daniel of Beccles Alan of Lille William IX of Poitiers literary pragmatics politeness in literature literary satire satire literary counsel medieval genre De planctu naturae Entheticus Urbanus Magnus Confessio Amantis Vox Clamantis Guilhem IX Regement of Princes Bowge of Court Richard II Henry IV Henry V Ricardian England Lancastrian England Walter Map De nugis curialium Angevin England Henry II Anglo-Latin poetry satiric verse literary complaint Plaint of Nature Regiment of Princes sociolinguistic criticism literary criticism counsel advice 0297
76	The Medieval Reception of Firdausī's Shāhnāma: The Ardashīr Cycle as a Mirror for Princes Askari, Nasrin 02 August 2013 (has links) Based on a broad survey of the reception of Firdausī’s Shāhnāma in medieval times, this dissertation argues that Firdausī’s oeuvre was primarily perceived as a book of wisdom and advice for kings and courtly élites. The medieval reception of the Shāhnāma is clearly manifested in the comments of medieval authors about Firdausī and his work, and in their use of the Shāhnāma in the composition of their own works. The production of ikhtiyārāt-i Shāhnāmas (selections from the Shāhnāma) in medieval times and the remarkable attention of the authors of mirrors for princes to Firdausī’s opus are particularly illuminating in this regard. The survey is complemented by a close textual reading of the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma in comparison with other medieval historical accounts about Ardashīr, in order to illustrate how history in the Shāhnāma is reduced to only a framework for the presentation of ideas and ideals of kingship. Based on ancient Persian beliefs regarding the ideal state of the world, I argue that Ardashīr in the Shāhnāma is represented as a Saviour of the world. Within this context, I offer new interpretations of the symbolic tale of Ardashīr’s fight against a giant worm, and explain why the idea of the union of kingship and religion, a major topic in almost all medieval Persian mirrors for princes, has often been attributed to Ardashīr. Finally, I compare the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma with nine medieval Persian mirrors for princes to demonstrate that the ethico-political concepts contained in them, as well as the portrayal of Ardashīr, remain more or less the same in all these works. Study of the Shāhnāma as a mirror for princes, as this study shows, not only reveals the meaning of its symbolic tales, but also sheds light on the pre-Islamic roots of some of the ethico-political concepts presented in the medieval Perso-Islamic literature of wisdom and advice for kings and courtiers. Firdausi Shahnama Shahnameh Philosopher-King Ardashir-i Babakan Restoration of the Good Religion Ikhtiyarat-i Shahnama Political propaganda Ideal king Savior of the World Advice and wisdom literature Persian legends Medieval Persian historiography Persian myths Zoroastrian Persian legends Persian Book of Kings Haftvad World Saviour Zoroastrian eschatology Verse chronicles Fürstenspiegel Andarz Medieval Persian Literature Ardahir’s battle against a giant worm Medieval Persian Mirrors for Princes giant worm Selections from the Shahnama Ordeal of Molten Metal ideal kingship Persian epics Medieval Reception of Shahnama World Renovation Medieval Persian history Church-State Relations Union of kingship and religion Ardashir’s Testament Zoroastrian symbols Mirrors for Princes Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī Advices of Ardashir Book of Government Apocalyptic literature Sage-King Artaxšīr ī Pābagān Persian Literature Persian historical epics dragon-slaying hero 0315 0297
77	The Medieval Reception of Firdausī's Shāhnāma: The Ardashīr Cycle as a Mirror for Princes Askari, Nasrin 02 August 2013 (has links) Based on a broad survey of the reception of Firdausī’s Shāhnāma in medieval times, this dissertation argues that Firdausī’s oeuvre was primarily perceived as a book of wisdom and advice for kings and courtly élites. The medieval reception of the Shāhnāma is clearly manifested in the comments of medieval authors about Firdausī and his work, and in their use of the Shāhnāma in the composition of their own works. The production of ikhtiyārāt-i Shāhnāmas (selections from the Shāhnāma) in medieval times and the remarkable attention of the authors of mirrors for princes to Firdausī’s opus are particularly illuminating in this regard. The survey is complemented by a close textual reading of the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma in comparison with other medieval historical accounts about Ardashīr, in order to illustrate how history in the Shāhnāma is reduced to only a framework for the presentation of ideas and ideals of kingship. Based on ancient Persian beliefs regarding the ideal state of the world, I argue that Ardashīr in the Shāhnāma is represented as a Saviour of the world. Within this context, I offer new interpretations of the symbolic tale of Ardashīr’s fight against a giant worm, and explain why the idea of the union of kingship and religion, a major topic in almost all medieval Persian mirrors for princes, has often been attributed to Ardashīr. Finally, I compare the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma with nine medieval Persian mirrors for princes to demonstrate that the ethico-political concepts contained in them, as well as the portrayal of Ardashīr, remain more or less the same in all these works. Study of the Shāhnāma as a mirror for princes, as this study shows, not only reveals the meaning of its symbolic tales, but also sheds light on the pre-Islamic roots of some of the ethico-political concepts presented in the medieval Perso-Islamic literature of wisdom and advice for kings and courtiers. Firdausi Shahnama Shahnameh Philosopher-King Ardashir-i Babakan Restoration of the Good Religion Ikhtiyarat-i Shahnama Political propaganda Ideal king Savior of the World Advice and wisdom literature Persian legends Medieval Persian historiography Persian myths Zoroastrian Persian legends Persian Book of Kings Haftvad World Saviour Zoroastrian eschatology Verse chronicles Fürstenspiegel Andarz Medieval Persian Literature Ardahir’s battle against a giant worm Medieval Persian Mirrors for Princes giant worm Selections from the Shahnama Ordeal of Molten Metal ideal kingship Persian epics Medieval Reception of Shahnama World Renovation Medieval Persian history Church-State Relations Union of kingship and religion Ardashir’s Testament Zoroastrian symbols Mirrors for Princes Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī Advices of Ardashir Book of Government Apocalyptic literature Sage-King Artaxšīr ī Pābagān Persian Literature Persian historical epics dragon-slaying hero 0315 0297
78	L’auteur au temps du recueil : repenser l’autorité et la singularité poétiques dans les premiers manuscrits à collections auctoriales de langue d’oïl (1100-1340). Stout, Julien 04 1900 (has links) Cette thèse entend proposer une analyse originale du phénomène connu mais polémique que constitue l’introduction de la notion d’auteur dans la littérature de langue française au Moyen Âge. Il s’agira d’essayer de contribuer à repenser la signification poétique, culturelle et historique de ce moment particulier où l’auteur – c’est-à-dire l’attribution d’un texte ou d’une série de textes à un nom propre donné – s’est imposé pour la première fois comme un critère structurant et primordial dans la production et surtout la transmission des textes de langue française dans les manuscrits médiévaux. Usant du concept foucaldien de fonction-auteur, des théories de la réception et du paratexte, ainsi que de la « Nouvelle Codicologie », l’approche déployée ici aborde l’auteur en tant que construction textuelle et éditoriale signifiante au sein d’un corpus de recueils littéraires de langue d’oïl où la volonté de construire des figures d’auteurs par les éditeurs de ces ouvrages est à la fois claire et indiscutable. Partie à l’origine d’un examen systématique de la tradition manuscrite d’environ 320 noms de poètes de langue d’oïl actifs entre 1100 et 1340, l’analyse se concentre principalement sur 25 manuscrits contenant des collections auctoriales dédiées à 17 poètes, dont le nom est associé avec insistance à une série de textes copiés les uns à la suite des autres. Parmi ces auteurs, on trouve les célèbres Chrétien de Troyes, Rutebeuf et Adam de la Halle, mais aussi Philippe de Thaon, frère Angier, Guillaume le clerc de Normandie, Pierre de Beauvais, Philippe de Remi, Gautier le Leu, Jacques de Baisieux, Geoffroi de Paris, Jean de l’Escurel, Baudouin de Condé, Jean de Condé, Watriquet de Couvin et Nicole Bozon. La présente analyse tente de nuancer et de dépasser la lecture répandue selon laquelle ces manuscrits à collections auctoriales individuelles constitueraient, de concert avec les fameuses biographies de troubadours et les chansonniers de trouvères, souvent présentés comme leurs « ancêtres », les débuts balbutiants d’une vaste épopée de l’avènement de l’« auteur moderne », annonciateur tout à la fois d’une « subjectivité littéraire », d’une « esthétique autobiographique » et d’un contrôle accru des auteurs historiques, réels, sur la transmission manuscrite de leurs propres œuvres. Tout en offrant une mise à jour contextuelle et matérielle – données originales à l’appui – concernant la dimension collaborative de la genèse de ces recueils et le caractère modulaire de leur transmission, on montrera qu’ils sont le fruit d’un dialogue nourri avec le modèle livresque latin et pluriséculaire de l’auctor – qui est à la fois un auteur, un garant de la vérité (auctoritas) et un ambassadeur prestigieux de la grammaire –, ainsi qu’avec l’antique exemple d’œuvres dites « biobibliographiques », qui décrivent la vie et l’œuvre d’auteurs illustres et exemplaires, comme le fait le De viris illustribus de saint Jérôme. Les manuscrits étudiés usent à répétition de ce modèle ancestral de la biobibliographie (« la vie et l’œuvre ») pour mettre en scène un face-à-face entre auteurs de langue d’oïl et auctores. Or cette mise en regard s’avère d’autant plus intéressante que, contrairement à ce qu’on observe pour les troubadours, considérés très tôt comme de nouveaux auctores illustres en langue vulgaire, dignes de cautionner l’excellence de la poésie et de la grammaire d’oc, elle ne prend pas uniquement, en français, la forme d’une imitation ou d’une adaptation de modèles anciens. En fait, l’analogie avec les auctores donne lieu à des exercices savants, autoréflexifs et parfois ironiques sur la fabrique éditoriale, poétique et épistémologique du type d’auteur et d’auctoritas qui peuvent (ou non) être bâtis dans des recueils en langue d’oïl, idiome qui était encore dépourvu à l’époque (1100-1340) de véritable grammaire, et où fleurissaient en revanche les genres littéraires de divertissement comme le roman, où l’on explorait la porosité des frontières entre le vrai et le faux, entre le bien et le mal. Plus qu’un pas pris dans la direction d’un sacre inéluctable, l’« invention de l’auteur français » à laquelle procèdent les recueils étudiés est un geste pétri des incertitudes et des interrogations de ceux qui le posaient, et qui en mesuraient la profonde vanité au regard de Dieu et de la mort. / This thesis aims to provide an original analysis on an often studied yet controversial issue: the introduction of the notion of authorship in French language medieval literature. The objective here is to reconsider the poetic, cultural, and historical signification of the particular moment when the author – understood here as the attribution of a text or of a series of texts to a proper noun – first became an essential structuring criteria in the production, and more importantly, in the transmission of French-language texts through medieval manuscripts. Using Michel Foucault’s concept of fonction-auteur, theories of reception and of the paratext, as well as New Codicology, this thesis will consider the author as a signifying textual and editorial construction within several literary collections written in langue d’oïl, in which the editors clearly and undeniably sought to construct figures of the author. Based on the systematic examination of the manuscript tradition of approximately 320 names of langue d’oïl poets, who were active between 1100 and 1340, this analysis will focus primarily on 25 manuscripts containing authorial collections dedicated to 17 poets, whose names are strongly associated with a series of texts that are copied one after the other. Among these authors are the famous Chrétien de Troyes, Rutebeuf and Adam de la Halle, as well as Philippe de Thaon, frère Angier, Guillaume le clerc de Normandie, Pierre de Beauvais, Philippe de Remi, Gautier le Leu, Jacques de Baisieux, Geoffroi de Paris, Jean de l’Escurel, Baudouin de Condé, Jean de Condé, Watriquet de Couvin and Nicole Bozon. This thesis attempts to question and ultimately discard the common conception according to which the manuscripts containing individual authorial collections constituted – along with the famous biographies of the troubadours and the chansonniers of the trouvères, often considered as their « ancestors » – the timid beginnings of the rise of the « modern author », himself a prequel to « literary subjectivity », « autobiographical aesthetics » and an ever stronger control exerted by actual empirical authors over the manuscript transmission of their own works. While offering contextual and material updates – supported by original data – regarding the collaborative process that went into the creation of these collections, as well as the modular aspect of their reception, this thesis will show that these collections were formed through a rich dialogue with the centuries-old latin model of the auctor – who is at once an author, a guardian of truth (auctoritas) and a prestigious ambassador of grammar –, as well as with the antique tradition of « biobibliographical » texts, dealing with the life and works of famous and exemplary authors, such as De viris illustribus, by saint Jerome. The manuscripts studied here repeatedly used this ancient model of biobibliography (« the life and works ») in order to stage a competition between authors writing in langue d’oïl and auctores. This confrontation is particularly interesting when one considers that – contrary to what may be observed in the case of the troubadours, who were quickly seen as the new illustrious vernacular auctores, worthy of vouching for the excellency of langue d’oc poetry and grammar – , we are not simply dealing here with a form of imitation or adaptation in French of ancient models. In fact, the analogy with auctores allows for autoreflexive and sometimes ironic learned exercises, dealing with the editorial, poetic and epistemological creation of the type of author and auctoritas in manuscript collections in langue d’oïl, an idiom which at the time (1100-1340) lacked a true grammar, yet was used in various literary genres meant for entertainment, such as romance, which explored the evanescent barriers between truth and lies, good and evil. Rather than a small step in the long path towards an inevitable coronation, the « invention of the French author » undertaken by these collections constitutes an action that reflects all the uncertainty and interrogations of those who undertook it, while being fully convinced of its utter vanity in the eyes of God and death. Auteur Author Fonction-auteur Copyright Propriété intellectuelle Intellectual property Écrivain Writer Droit d'auteur Droits d'auteur Histoire de l'auteur Naissance de l'auteur History of the author Birth of the author Authorship Autorité Auctor Authority Auctoritas Attribution Medieval attribution Attribution médiévale Littérature médiévale Medieval literature Littérature médiévale vernaculaire Medieval vernacular literature Langue d'oc Langue d'oïl Provençal Chansonniers Troubadours Trouvères Mort de l'auteur Death of the author Song to book Michel Foucault Foucault Paratexte Paratext New Philology Nouvelle philologie Codicologie Nouvelle codicologie Codicology New Codicology Codex Codices Manuscrit Manuscript Philologie Philology Subject Sujet Subjectivité Subjectivity Subjectivité littéraire Literary subjectivity Michel Zink Paul Zumthor Autographe Autographe médiéval Autographie Autograph Medieval autograph Autography Authorial manuscript Manuscrit d'auteur Scribe Copiste Collections auctoriales Authorial collections Individual Individu Bibliographie Bibliography Biographie Biography Biographie d'auteur Biographie d'écrivain Biographie de poète Biographie médiévale Author's biography Writer's biography Poet's biography Poète Poet Sylvia Huot Philippe de Thaon Philip of Thaon Angier Frère Angier Guillaume le Clerc de Normandie Chrétien de Troyes Pierre de Beauvais Philippe de Beaumanoir Philippe de Remi Grammaire Grammar Biobibliographie Biobibliography De viris illustribus Saint Jérôme Saint Jerome Gautier le Leu Jacques de Baisieux Rutebeuf Adenet le Roi Adam de la Halle Baudouin de Condé Jean de Condé Jean de l'Escurel Jehan de l'Escurel Jehannot de l'Escurel Geoffroi de Paris Watriquet de Couvin Nicole Bozon Nicolas Bozon Accessus ad auctores Medieval Biography

Search results