付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第20432号 / 農博第2217号 / 新制||農||1048(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H29||N5053(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 保川 清, 教授 河田 照雄, 准教授 井上 和生 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

SAMMANFATTNING  MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non Obstructive Coronary Arteries) är ett begrepp som beskriver en grupp av patienter som initialt uppvisar hjärtinfarktliknande symptom, men där patienternas kranskärl sedan visar sig vara normala. Det finns olika bakomliggande orsaker till detta tillstånd. I begreppet MINOCA ingår bland annat hjärtinfarkt, takotsubokardiomyopati och myokardit. Hos en del av patienterna förblir orsaken till sjukdomen oklar. Patienternas livskvalitet påverkas och fatigue kan ha en negativ inverkan på återhämtningen. Fatigue kan leda till en avsaknad av energi till att hantera vardagslivet, vilket kan påverka patienternas motivation till att orka genomföra olika sysslor och ge en sämre livskvalitet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka självskattad hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och fatigue hos patienter med hjärtinfarkt utan kranskärlsförträngningar vid insjuknandet och sex månader efter insjuknandet. Metoden för studien var kvantitativ, med en deduktiv ansats och en prospektiv icke-experimentell design. Datamaterialet hämtades från den pågående SMINC-2 studien. Till studien inkluderades 101 patienter genom ett bekvämlighetsurval, 74 kvinnor och 27 män. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av enkäterna RAND-36, som mäter hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och MFI-20 (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory). Dataanalysen genomfördes med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS Statistics, version 23. Resultatet av mätningen med RAND-36 visade att det fanns en signifikant förbättring hos patienterna med MINOCA inom dimensionerna vitalitet/fatigue, social funktion, rollfunktion-emotionella orsaker och psykiskt välbefinnande sex månader efter insjuknandet. Inom de olika diagnosgrupperna så uppnådde patienterna med myokardit en signifikant förbättring i dimensionen vitalitet/fatigue. Patienterna med takotsubo uppnådde en signifikant förbättring inom dimensionerna vitalitet/fatigue, social funktion och psykiskt välbefinnande. Resultatet av MFI-20 visade att den sammansatta poängen för alla patienter med MINOCA hade förbättrats signifikant efter sex månader. De dimensioner där patienterna uppnådde en signifikant förbättring efter sex månader var generell fatigue och mental fatigue. Patienterna med osäker diagnos var den enda diagnosgruppen som uppnådde en signifikant förbättring och dimensionerna var mental fatigue och generell fatigue. Slutsatsen är att patienterna med MINOCA upplevde en försämrad generell hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och en ökad känsla av fatigue vid insjuknandet. Den samlade upplevelsen av livskvalitet och fatigue hade förbättrats sex månader efter insjuknandet, men var fortfarande negativt påverkad. Patienter med diagnosen takotsubo och de med osäker diagnos uppvisade en sämre livskvalitet och en ökad känsla av fatigue inom flest dimensioner, jämfört med patienterna med myokardit och de med hjärtinfarkt.

No description available.

Copyright contractual law consist of rules that regulate contracts within copyright law. One of the main characteristics of copyright contracts is that they are often characterised by differences in bargaining power between the parties. The weak position of authors has therefore become the subject of mandatory legislation in various respects. Recently, Article 20 of the Directive (EU) 2019/790 (DSM-Directive) incorporated such a rule. This article provides authors with a right to additional, appropriate and fair remuneratiom after the conclusion of the contract if their remuneration proves to be disproportionately low. That is, a right to obtain post-contractual remuneration through mandatory legislation. It is in theory possible to also achieve similar results by applying Section 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act. This paper will examine both of these rules. This constitutes an interesting area of law, but the detailed applications of the rules are still understudied. This paper therefore aims to take a holistic approach to the possibility for authors to obtain additional post-contractual remuneration through mandatory legislation. The study identifies several problems and ambiguities in the application and proposes solutions to these issues. The conclusion was that the requirements for applying Article 20 are generally to be seen as lower than Section 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act, while in theory it should also lead to higher remuneration for authors. However, Section 36 of the Copyright Act can be applied to a wider range of cases and to some extent addresses other circumstances. The addition of article 20 has either way improved authors right to remuneration as well as bargaining power. However, some of the other issues that authors face during the contract negotiations were not solved through the directive.

The aim of this essay is to study and examine the EU's anti-trafficking measures in relation to human rights. This study will be a policy study on EU policy documents. In this study, a main question and a sub-question have been selected which read:What anti-trafficking measures has the EU presented between the years 2012-2016 to prevent trafficking? Are human rights associated with trafficking?  The theory that comes into use consists of the neo-institutional theory and its three pillars presented by Scott. R. Also presented is a short section of President Bush's speech in 2003 on trafficking  Under the strategies several measures are categorized. Two out of many measures presented are: Ensuring preventive financial investigations and integrating the EU's external functions. Regarding the question of human rights and trafficking and if they are related to each other. It has indicated that these two have a close connection with each other. As human rights and the fight against trafficking are highly established.

Problembakgrund: Tidigare studier har visat på att klimatrisker kan innebära att tillgångar behöver skrivas ned. Tillsynsorganet ESMA har för 2022 års finansiella rapporter uppmanat de nationella tillsynsorganen att prioritera tillsyn av klimatrelaterade risker. Nämnden har konstaterat att bolag beskriver klimatrisker i hållbarhetsrapporter men att det inte återspeglas i de finansiella rapporterna.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning och vad som påverkar om bolag tar hänsyn till klimatrelaterade risker vid nedskrivningsprövning av tillgångar Metod: Studien har utgått från en kvantitativ innehållsanalys med deduktiv ansats där den avser att testa hypoteser formulerade utifrån en litteraturgenomgång. Datan består av sekundärdata från svenska börsnoterade bolags årsredovisningar för räkenskapsåret 2022.  Resultat: Studiens resultat visar ett signifikant positivt samband mellan bolagsstorlek och om hänsyn tas till klimatrelaterade risker vid nedskrivningsprövningar av tillgångar. Resultatet visar också på ett signifikant positivt samband mellan bolag som ger ut specifika upplysningar med ett prediktivt värde vid nedskrivningsprövning och hänsyn till klimatrelaterade risker.  Kunskapsbidrag: Studien bidrar till ökad förståelse för hur svenska börsnoterade bolag tar hänsyn till klimatrisker vid nedskrivningsprövning av tillgångar. Studiens resultat kan vara av intresse för standardsättare och tillsynsorgan. Studien bidrar med en undersökning inom ett område som kan tänkas vara mer aktuellt inom en snar framtid med tanke på den förväntade implementeringen av CSRD och ESMAs uppmaningar. / Background: Previous studies have shown that climate risks may require asset write-downs. The supervisory authority ESMA has urged national supervisory bodies to prioritize supervision of climate-related risks in the 2022 financial reports. The Swedish supervisory authority has noted that companies describe climate risks in sustainability reports but that it is not reflected in the financial reports.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the extent to which and what influences companies to consider climate-related risks in the impairment testing of assets. Research Method: The study has employed a quantitative content analysis with a deductive approach, aiming to test hypotheses formulated based on a literature review. The data consists of secondary data from the annual reports of Swedish listed companies for the fiscal year 2022.  Results: The study's results indicate a significant positive correlation between company size and the consideration of climate-related risks in asset impairment testing. The results also demonstrate a significant positive correlation between companies providing specific information with predictive value in impairment testing and the consideration of climate-related risks.  Contributions: The study contributes to increased understanding of how Swedish listed companies take climate risks into account when assessing impairment of assets. The study's results may be of interest to standard setters and regulatory bodies. The study contributes with an investigation within a topic that may be more relevant in the near future, given the expected implementation of CSRD and ESMA's urging.

Psoriasis is an immune mediated inflammatory disease which affects 2-3% of the world’s population. Over the last decade, psoriasis has been acknowledged as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The precise mechanism or mechanisms of the heightened risk is widely speculated. Endothelial cells and macrophages are central players in the immunopathological development of both diseases. Interleukin-36 cytokines (IL-36) have been heavily implicated in psoriasis immunopathology. Significant upregulation of epidermal IL-36 is a recognised characteristic of psoriatic skin inflammation. IL-36 induces inflammatory responses in dendritic cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. While vascular alterations are a hallmark of psoriatic lesions and dermal endothelial cells are well known to play a critical role in dermal inflammation, the effects of IL-36 on endothelial cells have not been defined. We report that endothelial cells including dermal microvascular cells express a functionally active IL-36 receptor. Adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 are upregulated following IL-36γ stimulation, and this is reversed in the presence of the endogenous IL-36 receptor antagonist. IL-36γ-stimulated endothelial cells secrete the proinflammatory chemokines IL-8, CCL2 and CCL20. Chemotaxis assays showed increased migration of T-cells following IL-36γ stimulation of endothelial cells. Both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells contribute to the immunopathology of psoriasis by promoting the IL-23/IL-17 axis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23, TNFα) and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. Furthermore, IL-36γ stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells as illustrated by ICAM-1(CD54) upregulation, and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, monocytes isolated from psoriasis patients showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared to monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings add to the growing evidence for IL-36γ having roles in psoriatic responses, by enhancing endothelium directed leukocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthening the IL-23/IL-17 pathway. Our findings also point to a cellular response which could potentially support cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis. / University of Bradford and the Centre for Skin Sciences

This purpose of the study is to examine the difference in the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between individuals who suffer from physician-diagnosed arthritis compared with individuals who do not suffer from physician-diagnosed arthritis in a population of university students, faculty, and staff. The study sampled from a population of students, faculty, and staff at the University of Central Florida. Through the implantation of a cross-sectional ecological design, differences between the two groups were measured with a survey that measures health-related quality of life, such as the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The SF-36 questionnaire was distributed to subjects through a campus-wide email system and was administered through Qualtrics, an online survey program. Literature suggests lower SF-36 scores for individuals suffering from arthritis, but is lacking in investigating the effect of arthritis on college-aged students, particularly within the 18-24 age group. The study aims to close this gap in the literature. SPSS software was used to analyze results through tests of association, like ANOVA, which measured differences in the SF-36 scores of subjects with physician-diagnosed arthritis and subjects without physician-diagnosed arthritis. Results showed a significant difference in the HR-QOL scores between individuals with arthritis and individuals without arthritis, as well as age, gender, ethnicity, and the presence of joint pain.

No description available.

No description available.