Hunden är människans bästa vän, men det är först på senare tid som hundens hälsoeffekter har börjat undersökas. Internationellt sätt används hundar i vården i en helt annan utsträckning än i Sverige. Hälsoeffekter i form av kortare vårdtid, snabbare rehabilitering och bättre egenvård har påvisats. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva patientens upplevelser av hundens närvaro i vårdandet. Studien var en litteraturstudie med 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visade att hundar kan användas både som komplementär behandling till en traditionell behandling eller som icke farmaceutisk behandling i vårdandet. Användning av hundar i vården visar på ökat socialt beteende, ökad fysisk aktivitet och ökat psykiskt välbefinnande. Även förändringar hos patienter med nedsatt aktivitetsförmåga märktes med en ökad motivation och initiativförmåga. Hunden ger en distraherande effekt vilket avleder tankar på de nedsatta förmågorna i det dagliga livet, dessutom ger hunden trygghet och sällskap. Med tanke på det viktiga med att aktivera gamla och passiva patienter bör ämnet uppmärksammas. Mer forskning på de effekter hunden tillför både utifrån ett patient-, personal- och samhällsperspektiv. Kunskaper inom ämnet ger möjlighet för sjuksköterskan att använda denna resurs i vårdandet av patienten. / The dog is man's best friend, but it is only recently that the dog's health benefits have begun to be explored. Internationally the dog is used in health care in a different extent than in Sweden. Health effects in form of shorter length of stay, faster rehabilitation and better self-care has been demonstrated. The purpose of literature study was to describe the patients' experiences of the dog's presence in healthcare. The study was a literature review of 15 scientific articles. The results showed that dogs can be used as a complementary treatment to conventional treatment or non-pharmaceutical treatment in the care process. The use of dogs in health care shows positive social ability, increased physical activity and psychological improvement for the patient. Although changes in patients with reduced activity was noticeable with increased motivation and initiative. The dog gives a distracting effect which put away thoughts on aches and problems in daily life, the dog also gives protection and companionship. Given the importance of activating old and passive patients should be acknowledged. More research is needed on the effects from the dog from both from the patient, personal and social perspective. Knowledge of the subject provides an opportunity for the nurse to use this resource in the care of the patient.

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Introduktion: I världen uppskattas mer än 55 miljoner människor leva med en demenssjukdom, vilket förväntas öka i antal i framtiden. Det finns inget botemedel, utan bromsmediciner och icke-farmakologiska åtgärder används idag som behandling. Vårdhunden skulle kunna användas för att förbättra en individs sociala, psykologiska och fysiska hälsa, men det krävs mer forskning för att bli en evidensbaserad omvårdnadsåtgärd. Syfte: Att utforska hur vårdhunden påverkar faktorer som berör livskvaliteten hos vårdtagare med demenssjukdom. Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturstudie baserat på nio vetenskapliga kvantitativa originalartiklar. De hämtades från PubMed och inkluderades efter kvalitetsgranskning. En innehållsanalys gjordes för att identifiera faktorer som påverkar livskvaliteten. Resultat: Sex faktorer som påverkar livskvaliteten identifierades. Dessa var kognitiv svikt, depression, fysisk funktion, agitation, emotionellt tillstånd och sociala interaktioner. För samtliga faktorer, förutom för agitation och emotionellt tillstånd, fann majoriteten av artiklarna att vårdhunden hade en statistiskt signifikant positiv påverkan. Ingen artikel fann en statistisk signifikant negativ effekt av vårdhunden. Slutsats: Denna litteraturöversikt visar på att vårdhunden har en positiv effekt på livskvalitet hos personer med en demenssjukdom. En sammanvägd bedömning visar att detta kan vara en omvårdnadsåtgärd av klinisk relevans som sjuksköterskan kan tillämpa. Vidare forskning behövs. / Introduction: More than 55 million people in the world are estimated to live with dementia, a  number that is expected to increase in the future. There is no cure, and the treatment today consists of drugs that reduce symptoms and non-pharmaceutical interventions. A therapy dog can be used to enhance an individual's social, psychological and physical health. However, more research is needed for this to become an evidence-based care intervention.   Aim: To explore how the therapy dog affects factors impacting the quality of life for care recipients with dementia. Method: A descriptive literature review, based on nine scientific quantitative original articles, was performed. These were found in PubMed and were included after a quality assessment. A content analysis was carried out to identify categories with factors that affect the quality of life.  Result: Six categories describing factors that affect the quality of life were identified. The categories were cognitive impairment, depression, physical function, agitation, emotional state and social interactions. For each category, with the exception of agitation and emotional state, the majority of the articles found a statistically significant positive effect of the therapy dog. No article found a statistically significant negative effect of the therapy dog. Conclusion: This literature review found that the therapy dog has a positive effect on the quality of life of care recipients with dementia. A final assessment showed the clinical relevance regarding for the nurse to use the therapy dog as a care intervention. However, further research is needed.

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Background: Animals have been shown to have a positive effect on people. The nursing science approach says that a person can experience well-being despite illness. The positive attributes of animals can be used in health care to help ill people experience well-being. An animal-assisted intervention can be a form of activity or therapy involving pets (AAA / AAT) or horses (EAT). Aim: The purpose of this study was to elucidate how animals in health care promote well-being for people with long-term illness. Methods: Literature review based on fourteen original scientific articles, with both qualitative and quantitative approach. Results: The compilation of the results led to four main categories with two subcategories respectively. These were: Physical aspects with subcategories Physical well-being and Bodily functions; Psychic aspects with subcategories Psychic well-being and Reduced psychiatric symptoms; Existential aspects with subcategories Quality of Life and Safety; Social Aspects with subcategories Social behavior and Relationships. Discussions: Review and discussion of the selected method. Discussion of the results with the selected theoretical framework: Antonovsky's theory of Sense of Coherence (SOC) and the salutogenic approach. The results were discussed based on the concepts of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glicia Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 4238175 bytes, checksum: 443157e6380c87aebacbd17d6db344c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / INTRODUCTION: A growing scientific interest by the study of human-animal relationship it's noticeable in view of its therapeutic potential. Among the surveys (nationally and internationally) is highlighted the effectiveness of the presence of dogs in the treatment of depressive patients, Alzheimer's, autism, etc. The organization Delta Society - The Humam-Animal Health Connection- defines the Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) "involves visitation, recreation through direct contact of animals with people, proposing opportunities of motivation, with the aim of improve the quality of life" and Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) "involves professional medical services and others that use the animal as part of work and treatment." However, for the specifics of AAA / AAT in the field of speech therapy, studies are still scarce. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of the presence of a dog in the interaction speech therapist-elderly patient. METHOD: Survey of clinical and qualitative nature, developed in the form of case study (AAA) and clinical case study (AAT). Subjects:Subjects elderly residents in a Geriatric Clinic in São Paulo, divided into two groups: (G1): 09 participants in the AAA mode (G2): 01 patients in the AAT mode. Selection of subjects: elderly people who showed willingness / motivation through the presence and contact with the dog study participant. The choice of the dog Nara, from the breed poodle, white, with 3.0 years old followed the criteria proposed by DOTTI (rated health, temperament and socialization).PROCEDURE: 1) Research Introduction of the Research to the Clinic and the relatives of elderly. 2) Attendance in group / monthly (AAA), lasting 45 minutes. 3) Speech-language evaluation of the patient through the Protocol Assessment Language (Hage, 2004) .4) Questionnaire (based on the Demographic and Pet History Questionnaire - DHPQ) to collect data about the patient's relationship history with animals. 5) Individual speech therapy / weekly, lasting 45 minutes. Activities and sessions were recorded on digital camera and / or audio. 6) Application of the Language Assessment Protocol (Hage, 2004) at baseline and after 06 months (AAT patient). The material was transcribed according to the verbal and nonverbal elements most significant present in the speech therapist-patient-dog interaction. Simultaneously, some visits were conducted without the presence of dog (AAA and AAT). The study looked at the ethical standards established for conducting research with human beings. RESULTS: AAA: In the elderly group studied, it is clear that the presence of the dog was a facilitator / catalyst of the interactions and promoted the establishment / strengthening of interpersonal bonds, permeated through dialogism. AAT: In the Language Assessment Protocol, the patient presented evolution: an improvement in the expansion of conversation shifts though needed help from therapist to narrate and on the cohesion and coherence of his utterances, appointed mainly objects that established meanings related to Nara (guides, clothing, toys). The results regarding the patient's communicative behaviors showed the efficacy of the dog's presence, enhancing the speech therapeutic process and offering an amount of contributions to the context frame. CONCLUSION: The presence of the dog was configured as a powerful resource for creating an innovative speech frame, whose effectiveness was revealed by greater adherence to the interventions and the significant evolution of communicative performance of the subjects studied / INTRODUÇÃO: Percebe-se um crescente interesse científico pelo estudo da relação homem-animal tendo em vista o seu potencial terapêutico. Entre as pesquisas realizadas (nacional e internacionalmente) é destacada a efetividade da presença dos cães no tratamento de pacientes depressivos, Alzheimer, autismo, etc. A organização Delta Society The Humam-Animal Health Connection define a Atividade Assistida por Animais (AAA) envolve visitação, recreação por meio do contato direto dos animais com as pessoas, propõem oportunidade de motivação a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida e Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) envolve serviços profissionais da área médica e outras que utilizam o animal como parte do trabalho e do tratamento . Contudo, quanto às especificidades da AAA/TAA no campo fonoaudiológico, os estudos ainda são escassos. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da presença de um cão na interação fonoaudiólogo-paciente idoso. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de natureza clínico-qualitativa, desenvolvida na modalidade de estudo de caso (AAA) e estudo de caso clínico (TAA). Casuística: Sujeitos idosos residentes em uma Clínica Geriátrica da cidade de São Paulo, divididos em dois grupos: (G1): 09 participantes na modalidade AAA; (G2): 01 paciente na modalidade TAA. Seleção dos sujeitos: idosos que demonstraram disposição/motivação mediante presença e contato com o cão participante do estudo. A escolha da cadela Nara, da raça poodle, cor branca, com 3,0 anos de idade seguiu os critérios propostos por DOTTI (avaliação da saúde, temperamento e socialização). PROCEDIMENTO: 1)Apresentação da pesquisa à Clínica e familiares dos idosos. 2)Atendimento em grupo/mensal (AAA), com duração de 45 minutos. 3)Avaliação fonoaudiológica da paciente TAA por meio do Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem (Hage, 2004).4) Questionário (baseado no Demographic and Pet History Questionnaire DHPQ) para coleta de dados sobre histórico da relação da paciente com animais. 5)Atendimento fonoaudiológico individual/semanal, com duração de 45 minutos. As atividades e as sessões foram gravadas em câmera digital e/ou em áudio. 6) Aplicação do Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem (Hage, 2004) no início e após 06 meses (paciente da TAA). O material foi transcrito quanto aos elementos verbais e não-verbais mais significativos presentes na interação fonoaudiólogo-paciente-cão. Simultaneamente, foram realizados alguns atendimentos sem a presença do cão (AAA e TAA). O estudo observou as normas éticas estabelecidas para a realização de pesquisas com seres humanos. RESULTADOS: AAA: No grupo de idosos estudados, é possível afirmar que a presença do cão foi um facilitador/catalisador das interações e promoveu o estabelecimento/fortalecimento dos vínculos interpessoais, permeados pela dialogia. TAA: No Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem, a paciente apresentou evolução: melhora na expansão de turnos de conversação, embora precisasse de ajuda da terapeuta para narrar e na coesão e coerência de seus enunciados, passou a nomear, principalmente, objetos que estabeleciam significados relacionados à Nara (guia, roupas, brinquedos). Os resultados quanto às condutas comunicativas da paciente apontam para a efetividade da presença do cão, potencializando o processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico e oferecendo contribuições transformadoras ao enquadre. CONCLUSÂO: A presença do cão configurou-se como recurso potente para a criação de um enquadre fonoaudiológico inovador, cuja efetividade foi revelada pela maior adesão às intervenções e pela evolução significativa do desempenho comunicativo dos sujeitos estudados

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Bakgrund: Studier visar att hundar har en positiv effekt på den fysiska hälsan. De kan också öka det sociala samspelet, minska depression, öka självförtroende och självbestämmande samt reducera ångest genom hundassisterad aktivitet eller hundassisterad intervention. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om hundar inom ramen för omvårdnad på en rättspsykiatrisk avdelning kan påverka patienternas välbefinnande. Metod: För att undersöka patienternas upplevelser användes en kvalitativ studiedesign. För att besvara syfte och frågeställningar gjordes semistukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.   Resultat: Hundar på avdelningen upplevdes både positivt och negativt. De inverkade på välbefinnandet genom att de genererade glädje och välmående men också irritation och ilska. De gav också en känsla av att bli sedd som människa, ökade den fysiska aktiviteten, förbättrade sömnen och påverkade självkänslan och självförtroendet. Vårdmiljön påverkades också genom ett förbättrat klimat på avdelningen. De gav en meningsfullhet i vardagen, en möjlighet till närhet, en känsla av mindre kontrollerande miljö samt att de hade en inverkan på hur patienterna rörde sig på avdelningen. Det identifierades en ståndpunkt för hundar på avdelningen, men också en emot att ha hundar på avdelningen. Slutsats: Resultaten tyder på att det positiva överväger det negativa då majoriteten av resultatet belyser aspekter som ökar välbefinnandet hos patienterna. Hundar inom vården anses därför vara en bra komplementär omvårdnadsform för att som sjuksköterska på en rättspsykiatrisk avdelning. Detta för att kunna utföra god omvårdnad, främja välbefinnande och upprätthålla ett samhällsskydd och samtidigt reducera känslan hos patienten av att vara underordnad och kontrollerad. Det är dock viktigt att beakta olika individers åsikter för att hitta en form som passar. / Background: Studies have shown that dogs have a positive effect on humans physical health. They may also increase social interactions, decrease depression, increase peoples selfconfidence and autonomy and reduce anxiety trough animal-assisted interventions. Aim: The aim of this studie is to investigate if dogs can effect well-being in patients within forensic psychiatric care. Method: To investigate the patients experiences a qalitative reserch method were used. Semi-structured interviews were used to answer to the aim of the studie, and analysed with a content analysis. Result: The patients had both positive and negative experiences regarding the presence of the dogs at the unit. The dogs had an impact on the patients well-being by generating joy as well as anger and irritation. They gave a sense of being perceived as an individual, they increased physical activity, improved quality of sleep and had an inpact on self-esteem and self-confidence. The dogs also had an impact on the health facility environment trough an inprovement of the atmosphere at the unit. The dogs gave sense of mening in the everday life, an opportunity for intimacy, a sense of a less controlling environment and they also had an impact on how the patients moved at the unit. Some where proponents and some opponents to the impementation of dogs at the unit. Conclusion: The results shows that the positive experiences tops the negative because the majority of the results shows aspects of improved well-being. Dogs within healthcare facilities are therefore concidered to be a good complementary form of care for nurses working in forensic psychiatric care. This to perform good nursing care, promote well-being and maintain the civil protection and at the same time reduce feelings of being inferior, subordinated and controlled. It is however important to pay regards to the different idividual opinions and find a resolution that suits best.

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Bakgrund: Medellivslängden i Sverige har aldrig varit så hög som de senaste åren vilket kommer ställa höga krav på äldreomsorgen. Situationen är komplex och påverkar framförallt patienterna i den kliniska vården. Tidigare studier visar att patienter inom äldreomsorgen löper större risk för ensamhet, depression och understimulans av olika anledningar. För att kunna möta dessa behov som sjuksköterskor i den kliniska vården, vill vi undersöka om alternativa metoder kan fungera som ett komplement till den vård som bedrivs inom äldreomsorgen. Alternativa metoder har blivit ett alternativ de senaste åren där bland annat djur kan användas i ett terapeutiskt syfte. Vi vill därför belysa faktorer för välbefinnandet hos dessa patienter som får djurassisterad intervention som ett komplement i vården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa faktorer för välbefinnandet hos patienter inom äldreomsorgen som får djurassisterad intervention som ett komplement i vården. Metod: I denna studie tillämpas en litteraturöversikt där elva vetenskapliga artiklar från 2008 till 2018 ligger till grund för resultatet. De vetenskapliga artiklarna som inkluderades var nationella eller internationella. Datainsamlingen har gjorts i tre olika databaser; CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO och PubMed. Resultat: Efter analys av resultatet framkom fyra faktorer för välbefinnandet; fysiska, psykiska, sociala och existentiella. Resultatet visade att djurassisterade interventioner kan ha positiva, negativa och/eller inga effekter överhuvudtaget på äldre personers välbefinnande. Denna typ av intervention kan fungera som ett komplement i vården främst vid behandling för främjande av psykiska symtom och social påverkan/interaktion. Diskussion: Patienter inom äldreomsorgen är en riskgrupp för nedsatt välbefinnande och där farmakologiska behandlingar är vanligt förekommande. Djurassisterad intervention kan ses som en icke farmakologisk behandlingsform, där välbefinnandet kan främjas ur ett holistiskt perspektiv för den äldre patienten i vården. Mer forskning krävs för hur djurassisterad intervention kan ersätta viss farmakologisk behandling. Callista Roys adaptionsmodell stödjer sjuksköterskans arbete för förståelse av patienters strategier för att anpassa sig efter miljön och påverka miljön på ett självhävdande sätt. / Background: Life expectancy in Sweden has never been as high as in recent years, which will have a big influence on the care of the elderly. The situation is complex and affects primarily the patients in the clinical care. Previous studies show that the elderly patients are at greater risk of loneliness, depression and lack of stimulation for various reasons. In order to meet these needs as nurses in clinical care, we want to investigate whether alternative methods can serve as a complement to the care provided. Alternative methods have become more common in recent years, an example is using animals for therapeutic purposes. We therefore want to illuminate the factors of well-being in patients affected by animal-assisted intervention as a complement to health care. Aim: The aim was to illuminate the factors of well-being in patients of the geriatric nursing who receive animal-assisted intervention as a complement to standard care.    Method: A literature review has been done, where eleven scientific articles from 2008 to 2018 form the results. The articles that were included were national or international. The data collection has been made in three different databases; CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO and PubMed. Results: After analysis of the result, four factors emerged for the well-being; physical, mental, social and existential. The result showed that animal-assisted interventions may have positive, negative and / or no effects at all for the well-being of older patients. This type of intervention can serve as a supplement in the care of primary care in the treatment of mental and social interaction. Discussion: Patients in elderly care are a risk group for impaired well-being and where pharmacological treatments are commonplace. Animal-assisted intervention can be seen as a non-pharmacological treatment, where well-being can be promoted from a holistic perspective to the elderly patient in standard care. More research is needed on how animal-assisted intervention can replace certain pharmacological treatment. Callista Roys adaptation model supports the nurse's work for understanding patients' ability to adapt to the environment and influence the environment in a self-assertive manner.