本論文では、ヒューマン・サービス分野における動物介在プログラムの組織的機能を多角的に評価し、動物介在プログラムを導入することの意義について論じている。 / This paper discusses the significance of introducing Animal Assisted Program by multilaterally evaluating the organizational function of Animal Assisted Program at the field of Human Service. / 博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

The importance of stress management is emphasized throughout this study as well as the need to cater stress management programmes to the unique needs of individuals. The possibility of introducing an animal-assisted stress management programme into the work environment is explored by means of a qualitative study in order to test out the feasibility of such an intervention. The positive physical and psychological effects animals have on humans has been extensively researched and reported. Eleven participants were randomly chosen from within the same department by means of purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were held with each participant and thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcribed interviews. Various themes were identified and explored with the most prominent highlighting the need for privacy, respect and connection. Although animals do have positive effects on some employees, there are individual differences that need to be considered. An electronic animal-assisted stress management intervention is recommended. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Denna studie har genomförts i syfte att öka kunskapen om psykosocial utvevckling hos barn med autismdiagnos i relation till aktiviteter med hästar. Studien är kvalitativ, baserad på fem intervjuer av föräldrar och det ingår fältobservationer. Intervjuerna har bearbetats enligt induktiv tematisk analys och redovisas under tre teman relaterade till barnens samspel med sin omvärld. Resultatet visar att aktiviteten med hästar inverkar positivt  på barnens vilja och förmåga att samspela och kommunicera med omvärlden. Färdigheterna visar sig i samspel med barn såväl som med vuxna, både inom familjen och i andra sammanhang. Studiens resultat visar överensstämmelse med tidigare forskning, samt att aktivitetens mångfassetterade innehåll och effekter synliggörs. Resultat som överraskar är erfarenheter av barnens annorlunda relation och kommunikation med hästar, samt iakttagelser av ridningens omedelbara effekter på barnen. Forskning föreslås ur ett familjeperspektiv där barnets röst lyfts fram, samt fortsatt forskning på ridningens fysiologiska effekter i relation till socialt interagerande. / This study has been conducted in order to increase knowledge about psychosocial development in children with autism diagnosis in relationship to activities with horses. The study is qualitative, based on five interviews with parents and includes field observations. The interviews have been processed according to inductive thematic analysis and are reported under three themes related to the childrens interaction with their environment. The result shows that the activity with horses has positive impact on the children's desire and ability to interact and communicate with the outside world. The skills manifests in interaction with children as well as with adults, both within the family and in other settings. The result of the study indicates conformity with previous research, and the event's multi-facetted content and effects are made visible. Surprising results are experiences of the children's different relationship and communication with horses, and observations of the immediate impact on the children when riding. Research from a family perspective highligtening the voice of the child is proposed, as well as further research on physiological effects of horseback riding in reltionship to social interacting.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glicia Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 4238175 bytes, checksum: 443157e6380c87aebacbd17d6db344c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / INTRODUCTION: A growing scientific interest by the study of human-animal relationship it's noticeable in view of its therapeutic potential. Among the surveys (nationally and internationally) is highlighted the effectiveness of the presence of dogs in the treatment of depressive patients, Alzheimer's, autism, etc. The organization Delta Society - The Humam-Animal Health Connection- defines the Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) "involves visitation, recreation through direct contact of animals with people, proposing opportunities of motivation, with the aim of improve the quality of life" and Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) "involves professional medical services and others that use the animal as part of work and treatment." However, for the specifics of AAA / AAT in the field of speech therapy, studies are still scarce. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of the presence of a dog in the interaction speech therapist-elderly patient. METHOD: Survey of clinical and qualitative nature, developed in the form of case study (AAA) and clinical case study (AAT). Subjects:Subjects elderly residents in a Geriatric Clinic in São Paulo, divided into two groups: (G1): 09 participants in the AAA mode (G2): 01 patients in the AAT mode. Selection of subjects: elderly people who showed willingness / motivation through the presence and contact with the dog study participant. The choice of the dog Nara, from the breed poodle, white, with 3.0 years old followed the criteria proposed by DOTTI (rated health, temperament and socialization).PROCEDURE: 1) Research Introduction of the Research to the Clinic and the relatives of elderly. 2) Attendance in group / monthly (AAA), lasting 45 minutes. 3) Speech-language evaluation of the patient through the Protocol Assessment Language (Hage, 2004) .4) Questionnaire (based on the Demographic and Pet History Questionnaire - DHPQ) to collect data about the patient's relationship history with animals. 5) Individual speech therapy / weekly, lasting 45 minutes. Activities and sessions were recorded on digital camera and / or audio. 6) Application of the Language Assessment Protocol (Hage, 2004) at baseline and after 06 months (AAT patient). The material was transcribed according to the verbal and nonverbal elements most significant present in the speech therapist-patient-dog interaction. Simultaneously, some visits were conducted without the presence of dog (AAA and AAT). The study looked at the ethical standards established for conducting research with human beings. RESULTS: AAA: In the elderly group studied, it is clear that the presence of the dog was a facilitator / catalyst of the interactions and promoted the establishment / strengthening of interpersonal bonds, permeated through dialogism. AAT: In the Language Assessment Protocol, the patient presented evolution: an improvement in the expansion of conversation shifts though needed help from therapist to narrate and on the cohesion and coherence of his utterances, appointed mainly objects that established meanings related to Nara (guides, clothing, toys). The results regarding the patient's communicative behaviors showed the efficacy of the dog's presence, enhancing the speech therapeutic process and offering an amount of contributions to the context frame. CONCLUSION: The presence of the dog was configured as a powerful resource for creating an innovative speech frame, whose effectiveness was revealed by greater adherence to the interventions and the significant evolution of communicative performance of the subjects studied / INTRODUÇÃO: Percebe-se um crescente interesse científico pelo estudo da relação homem-animal tendo em vista o seu potencial terapêutico. Entre as pesquisas realizadas (nacional e internacionalmente) é destacada a efetividade da presença dos cães no tratamento de pacientes depressivos, Alzheimer, autismo, etc. A organização Delta Society The Humam-Animal Health Connection define a Atividade Assistida por Animais (AAA) envolve visitação, recreação por meio do contato direto dos animais com as pessoas, propõem oportunidade de motivação a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida e Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) envolve serviços profissionais da área médica e outras que utilizam o animal como parte do trabalho e do tratamento . Contudo, quanto às especificidades da AAA/TAA no campo fonoaudiológico, os estudos ainda são escassos. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da presença de um cão na interação fonoaudiólogo-paciente idoso. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de natureza clínico-qualitativa, desenvolvida na modalidade de estudo de caso (AAA) e estudo de caso clínico (TAA). Casuística: Sujeitos idosos residentes em uma Clínica Geriátrica da cidade de São Paulo, divididos em dois grupos: (G1): 09 participantes na modalidade AAA; (G2): 01 paciente na modalidade TAA. Seleção dos sujeitos: idosos que demonstraram disposição/motivação mediante presença e contato com o cão participante do estudo. A escolha da cadela Nara, da raça poodle, cor branca, com 3,0 anos de idade seguiu os critérios propostos por DOTTI (avaliação da saúde, temperamento e socialização). PROCEDIMENTO: 1)Apresentação da pesquisa à Clínica e familiares dos idosos. 2)Atendimento em grupo/mensal (AAA), com duração de 45 minutos. 3)Avaliação fonoaudiológica da paciente TAA por meio do Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem (Hage, 2004).4) Questionário (baseado no Demographic and Pet History Questionnaire DHPQ) para coleta de dados sobre histórico da relação da paciente com animais. 5)Atendimento fonoaudiológico individual/semanal, com duração de 45 minutos. As atividades e as sessões foram gravadas em câmera digital e/ou em áudio. 6) Aplicação do Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem (Hage, 2004) no início e após 06 meses (paciente da TAA). O material foi transcrito quanto aos elementos verbais e não-verbais mais significativos presentes na interação fonoaudiólogo-paciente-cão. Simultaneamente, foram realizados alguns atendimentos sem a presença do cão (AAA e TAA). O estudo observou as normas éticas estabelecidas para a realização de pesquisas com seres humanos. RESULTADOS: AAA: No grupo de idosos estudados, é possível afirmar que a presença do cão foi um facilitador/catalisador das interações e promoveu o estabelecimento/fortalecimento dos vínculos interpessoais, permeados pela dialogia. TAA: No Protocolo de Avaliação de Linguagem, a paciente apresentou evolução: melhora na expansão de turnos de conversação, embora precisasse de ajuda da terapeuta para narrar e na coesão e coerência de seus enunciados, passou a nomear, principalmente, objetos que estabeleciam significados relacionados à Nara (guia, roupas, brinquedos). Os resultados quanto às condutas comunicativas da paciente apontam para a efetividade da presença do cão, potencializando o processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico e oferecendo contribuições transformadoras ao enquadre. CONCLUSÂO: A presença do cão configurou-se como recurso potente para a criação de um enquadre fonoaudiológico inovador, cuja efetividade foi revelada pela maior adesão às intervenções e pela evolução significativa do desempenho comunicativo dos sujeitos estudados

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with social communication and prosocial behaviors. Due to a lack of social communication and social interaction skills among children with ASD, special education teachers are tasked with providing meaningful social opportunities to them to facilitate their learning of these skills. Special education literature lacks research studies about how dog-based animal-assisted interventions (AAI) can improve social communication outcomes for children in a school setting. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study, guided by Bowlby's theory of attachment and the human-animal bond concept, was to explore, describe, and improve the understanding of how elementary teachers use dog-based AAI programs in their classrooms to facilitate social communication skill development for students with ASD. Data were collected through individual interviews of 10 elementary teachers and child-study team members who used AAI programs within their buildings. Data were openly coded using thematic analysis. Key findings of the study revealed that a therapy dog could act as a stimulus for social interactions as well as facilitate students' social interaction participation. The results also indicated the importance of the teacher's role in implementing AAI programs that target social communication skills. This study may contribute to the field of special education practice by promoting the implementation of more AAI programs in educational settings, not just for students with ASD, but also potentially for the whole school community.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Studier visar att hundar har en positiv effekt på den fysiska hälsan. De kan också öka det sociala samspelet, minska depression, öka självförtroende och självbestämmande samt reducera ångest genom hundassisterad aktivitet eller hundassisterad intervention. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om hundar inom ramen för omvårdnad på en rättspsykiatrisk avdelning kan påverka patienternas välbefinnande. Metod: För att undersöka patienternas upplevelser användes en kvalitativ studiedesign. För att besvara syfte och frågeställningar gjordes semistukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.   Resultat: Hundar på avdelningen upplevdes både positivt och negativt. De inverkade på välbefinnandet genom att de genererade glädje och välmående men också irritation och ilska. De gav också en känsla av att bli sedd som människa, ökade den fysiska aktiviteten, förbättrade sömnen och påverkade självkänslan och självförtroendet. Vårdmiljön påverkades också genom ett förbättrat klimat på avdelningen. De gav en meningsfullhet i vardagen, en möjlighet till närhet, en känsla av mindre kontrollerande miljö samt att de hade en inverkan på hur patienterna rörde sig på avdelningen. Det identifierades en ståndpunkt för hundar på avdelningen, men också en emot att ha hundar på avdelningen. Slutsats: Resultaten tyder på att det positiva överväger det negativa då majoriteten av resultatet belyser aspekter som ökar välbefinnandet hos patienterna. Hundar inom vården anses därför vara en bra komplementär omvårdnadsform för att som sjuksköterska på en rättspsykiatrisk avdelning. Detta för att kunna utföra god omvårdnad, främja välbefinnande och upprätthålla ett samhällsskydd och samtidigt reducera känslan hos patienten av att vara underordnad och kontrollerad. Det är dock viktigt att beakta olika individers åsikter för att hitta en form som passar. / Background: Studies have shown that dogs have a positive effect on humans physical health. They may also increase social interactions, decrease depression, increase peoples selfconfidence and autonomy and reduce anxiety trough animal-assisted interventions. Aim: The aim of this studie is to investigate if dogs can effect well-being in patients within forensic psychiatric care. Method: To investigate the patients experiences a qalitative reserch method were used. Semi-structured interviews were used to answer to the aim of the studie, and analysed with a content analysis. Result: The patients had both positive and negative experiences regarding the presence of the dogs at the unit. The dogs had an impact on the patients well-being by generating joy as well as anger and irritation. They gave a sense of being perceived as an individual, they increased physical activity, improved quality of sleep and had an inpact on self-esteem and self-confidence. The dogs also had an impact on the health facility environment trough an inprovement of the atmosphere at the unit. The dogs gave sense of mening in the everday life, an opportunity for intimacy, a sense of a less controlling environment and they also had an impact on how the patients moved at the unit. Some where proponents and some opponents to the impementation of dogs at the unit. Conclusion: The results shows that the positive experiences tops the negative because the majority of the results shows aspects of improved well-being. Dogs within healthcare facilities are therefore concidered to be a good complementary form of care for nurses working in forensic psychiatric care. This to perform good nursing care, promote well-being and maintain the civil protection and at the same time reduce feelings of being inferior, subordinated and controlled. It is however important to pay regards to the different idividual opinions and find a resolution that suits best.

Bakgrund: Vid demens drabbas individer av olika beteendemässiga, psykologiska och fysiska symptom som påverkar dess möjlighet till delaktighet i aktivitet. Tillsammans med dessa symptom kan en minskad motivation påverka möjligheten till aktivitetsutförande. Tidigare studier påvisar en positiv inverkan av djur på välbefinnandet och aktivitetsutförande. Utifrån arbetsterapeutisk teori ses sambandet mellan upplevelsen och möjligheten till aktivitet som en grund till delaktighet i vardagliga aktiviteter. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva interventioner med hund i relation till personer med demens. Metod: Scoping review design som begränsades till demens, alla åldrar och kön. Inklusionskriterier var: artiklar inte äldre än sex år, på engelska, norska, danska och svenska. Kvantitativa, kvalitativa och grå litteratur via AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Anthrozoös och fulltext via Google Scholar. Exklusionkriterier var andra typer av sjukdomar eller skador och studier äldre än sex år. Resultat: Vanligaste interventionstypen vid demens är hund-assisterad aktivitet under en längre behandlingsperiod. Interventionerna genomförs 30–60 minuter, 2 gånger i veckan under 6–12 månader via fysisk, sensorisk, social och kognitiv stimulering. Vid behandling av demens kan interaktion med hund främja aktivitetsutförandet via en positiv inverkan på depression och livskvalité. Interventionerna med hund kan motverka förekomsten och uppkomsten av depression och kan främja kognitiv förmåga. Interventionerna främjar i större utsträckning individer med svårare demens, kognitiv nedsättning och oro. De kan även främja delaktighet i dagliga aktiviteter via en minskad förekomst av depression. Slutsats: Vanligaste interventionen är hund-assisterad aktivitet under en längre behandlingsperiod.  Interventioner med hund kan främja social och fysisk interaktion genom kognitiv stimulering. Hundar kan ha positiv inverkan på depression och livskvalité. Hundar kan även ha en positiv inverkan på oro och aktiviteter i det dagliga livet och kan främja kognition vid svårare kognitiv nedsättning och i större utsträckning vid svårare depression och demens. / Background: In dementia people gets affected by different behavioural, psychological, and physical symptoms that affect their ability to participate in activities. Together with these symptoms a decreased motivation may interact on the possibility of occupational performance. Earlier studies indicate a positive effect of animals on wellbeing and occupation performance. Through occupational theory the connection between the experience and possibility to activity are seen as a foundation for everyday activities. Purpose: The aim was to describe interventions with dogs in relation to persons with dementia. Method: Scoping review design, limited to dementia, all ages, and both sex. Inclusion criteria was; not more than sex year old, English, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish articles. Quantitative, qualitative and grey literature through AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Anthrozoös, and full text by Google Scholar. Exclusion criteria was other types of diseases or injuries, and studies older than sex years. Results: Most common intervention with dog, during treatment of dementia, are dog-assisted activity during a longer treatment period. The interventions are implemented during 30-60 minutes, 2 times a week for 6-12 months through physical, sensory, social and cognitive stimulation. In treatment of dementia interaction with dogs may promote occupational performance through a positive effect on depression and quality of life. Interventions with dogs may reduce the presence and appearance of depression and may promote cognitive ability. They may promote to higher degree individuals with severe dementia, cognitive disability and anxiety. Intervention with dogs may promote participation in daily activities through a decrease of presence of depression. Conclusion: Most common intervention with dogs are dog-assisted activity during a longer treatment period. Interventions with dogs may promote social and physical interaction through cognitive stimulation. Dogs may have a positive influence on depression, and quality of life. The dogs may also have a positive influence on anxiety and activities in daily living and may also promote cognition in severe cognitive limitation, and to a higher degree with severe depression, and dementia.

Bakgrund: Forskning visar att människor i stor utsträckning påverkas positivt av interaktion med djur. Då hälsa är ett mångdimensionellt begrepp är det viktigt för psykiatrisjuksköterskan att ha kunskap om omvårdande insatser som främjar upplevelsen av välbefinnande och skapar mening i tillvaron. Djurens betydelse vid behandling av psykisk ohälsa är således viktig att belysa. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur personer med psykisk ohälsa beskriver att interaktion med djur kan påverka deras psykiska hälsa. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med systematiskt tillvägagångssätt valdes som metod. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i tre olika databaser och 11 vetenskapliga originalartiklar inkluderades i resultatet. Resultatartiklarna analyserades med en tematisk innehållsanalys. Resultat: Deltagarnas erfarenheter av interaktion med djur beskrevs genom tre huvudteman. Dessa var; En meningsfull relation, Att få må bra och En förändringsprocess. Sju underteman framkom, dessa var; En källa till värme, kärlek och stöd, Accepterad som den man är, Förtroende och ansvar, En upplevelse av glädje och välmående, Att kunna hantera symtom vid psykisk ohälsa, Utveckling av identitet och självkännedom och Ökad förmåga och funktion i vardagen. Slutsats: Interaktion med djur kan ha flera hälsofrämjande effekter för personer med psykisk ohälsa, såsom att minska självstigma, lindra symtom, bidra till personlig utveckling och upplevelse av välmående. En ökad integrering av djurunderstödd behandling skulle därför kunna vara värdefullt inom psykiatrisk vård. / Background: Research shows that people are essentially positively affected by interactions with animals. As health is a multidimensional concept, it is important for the psychiatric nurse to have knowledge of nursing interventions that promote the experience of well-being and create meaning in life. Thus, it is important to shed light on the value of animals in mental health treatment. Aim: The aim was to investigate how people with mental illness described their mental health being affected by interactions with animals. Method: A literature review with a systematic approach was chosen as method. The literature search was performed in three databases and 11 original scientific articles were included. The result articles were analysed with a thematic content analysis. Results: The participants' experiences of interaction with animals were described through three main themes. These were: A meaningful relationship, To feel good and A process of change. Seven sub-themes emerged, these were: A source of warmth, love and support, Accepted as you are, Trust and responsibility, An experience of joy and well-being, Being able to manage symptoms of mental illness, Development of identity and self-awareness and Increased ability and function in everyday life. Conclusion: Interaction with animals has several health-promoting effects for people with mental illness, such as reducing self-stigma, reducing symptoms, contributing to personal development, and experiencing well-being. Increased integration of animal-assisted treatment could therefore be valuable in psychiatric care.

Bakgrund: En fungerande vardag bygger på att individen klarar av sin egenvård. Depressiva symtom kan vara paralyserande och till följd av det skapa egenvårdsbrist. Den huvudsakliga behandlingen idag är farmakologisk och tillgången på psykologisk behandling motsvarar inte behovet som finns. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hur individer med depressiva symtom kunde stärka sin egenvårdsförmåga med hjälp av djur. Metod: En litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats utfördes. Samtliga valda vetenskapliga original artiklar kvalitetsgranskades. Två teman valdes utifrån utskiljningar som gjorts vid granskning av artiklarna mellan gårdsdjur och husdjur. Artiklarna delades in i två teman: Husdjurens förmåga att stärka individen och Gårdsdjurens förmåga att stärka individen. Resultat: Resultatet visade hur individer med depressiva symtom kunde stärkas med hjälp av husdjur eller gårdsdjur i djurassisterad terapi eller aktivitet. Samtliga studier i resultatet påvisade olika positiva egenskaper och känslor som kom utav djur. Positiva saker som påvisades i resultatet var bland många: ett ökat självförtroende, en förbättrad självkänsla och sinnesstämning samt ökade känslor av hopp. Konklusion: Utmärkande var att depressiva symptom kunde reduceras med hjälp av djur samt att djuren stärkte individen utifrån en ökad kompetens kring hur att hantera sitt hälsotillstånd. / Background: A functioning everyday life is based on the individual being able to take care of their own care. Depressive symptoms can be paralyzing and as a result create a lack of self-care. The main treatment today is pharmacological and the availability of psychological treatment does not correspond to the need that exists. Aim: The aim was to shed light on how individuals with depressive symptoms could strengthen their self-care ability with the help of animals. Method: A literature study with an inductive approach was performed. All selected scientific original articles were quality reviewed. Two themes were selected based on differentiates made when reviewing the articles between farm animals and pets. The articles were divided into two themes: The ability of pets to strengthen the individual and the ability of farm animals to strengthen the individual. Results: The results showed how individuals with depressive symptoms could be strengthened with the help of pets or farm animals in animal-assisted therapy or activity. All studies in the results showed different positive qualities and feelings that came from animals. Positive things that were demonstrated in the results were among many: an increased self-confidence, an improved self-esteem and mood and increased feelings of hope. Conclusion: Characteristic was that depressive symptoms could be reduced with the help of animals and that the animals strengthened the individual based on an increased competence in how to manage their health condition.