Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estevam Cesar Silva.pdf: 1866758 bytes, checksum: 2821bf7288288157803b0b38b03b6c68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The question of income is confirmed as a means of survival, which in its full manifestation is established by consumption. An income that can be obtained for work done and paid, the transfer and redistribution between social classes and the credit granted in anticipation of the value of future income. Experiments on redistribution and income transfers provide the recipient's claim of his involvement in the consumption of goods and services provided by the reigning model, suggesting their integration into society. These individuals need skill and practice in the consumer world, lacking fitness and preparation for the models of social life in order to meet the expectations of the capitalist system for training new users. How goal to be reached indicates the attribute of belonging, suggesting that this insertion in society takes place through access to goods and services. This introduction to the first system meets the aspiration of the current economic and financial system for the formation of "entrepreneurs", starting from the appropriation of the reality of the individual and their individualized needs that are constructed and emerge as essential to survival. Governments, pressured to meet the growing mass of people excluded from the process of economic and financial training, create a precondition for this endowment giving values of "minimum income" for the survival of the individual. The receipt of securities, planned and monitored, introduces this individual in solo practice for the use of current resources - bank cards, electronic passwords, etc - with disciplined and controlled counterparts focused on education and health becoming essential for maintenance of his life. This practice serves as a stimulus to these "beneficiaries" promoting the activity of consumption. Is formed, then the individual's culture and this income is established consecutively to the proposed transfer for redistribution. The following condition is to grant credit in small amounts pursuing the concepts of previous practice as' disciplinarian and educators of conscious consumption. " It is the precondition of preparing individuals for entry into the consumer with the prospect of membership in a social life using the tools of microfinance, such as micro-oriented and production, training of entrepreneurs and micro-entrepreneurs from the current term economic and financial. The issue of income contained in programs to reduce poverty through income redistribution by the transfer, such as Bolsa Familia, and microcredit People's Bank, as government policy for granting credit in small amounts in their proposals seek preliminary training of entrepreneurs sites. We seek to assess what impact the program has the credit offered by the People's Bank of Sorocaba, São Paulo, which acts in anticipation of future income for the applicants, and to study the proposed link of continuity, announced by the federal government to harness the redistribution program income to lending. The first hypothesis seeks to elucidate the question of deprivation of basic capabilities of the individual by the lack of income as a factor to remain in subordinate social status and confirmed that condition subordinate it down in place (locus) where people live and conduct giving continue the social reproduction of poverty. The second hypothesis track the path of deconstruction of the forms of income obtained by the work that brought many people of their abilities, contributing to informality in the working world and perpetuating conditions of dependence and subordination, exclusion and poverty / A questão da renda confirma-se como meio de sobrevivência, que na sua plena manifestação se estabelece pelo consumo. Uma renda que pode ser obtida pelo trabalho realizado e remunerado; pela redistribuição e transferência entre classes sociais e pelo crédito concedido como valor de antecipação de renda futura. As experiências sobre redistribuição e transferência de renda proporcionam ao beneficiário a pretensão de sua participação no mundo do consumo, de bens e serviços ofertados pelo modelo reinante, sugerindo sua inserção na sociedade. Estes indivíduos necessitam de habilidade e prática no mundo do consumo, carecendo de preparo e adequação para os modelos de vida social, de forma a atender as expectativas do sistema capitalista para formação de novos consumidores. Como horizonte a ser alcançado sinaliza-se o atributo do pertencimento, sugerindo que a inserção na vida em sociedade se realiza pelo acesso a bens e serviços. Esta introdução ao sistema atende primeiramente a aspiração do atual sistema econômico e financeiro para a formação de empreendedores , iniciando-se a partir da apropriação da realidade do individuo e das suas necessidades particularizadas que se constroem e emergem como essenciais à sobrevivência. Os governos, pressionados para o atendimento da crescente massa de pessoas excluídas do processo de formação econômico-financeiro, criam a condição preliminar para esta investidura concedendo valores de renda mínima para a sobrevivência do individuo. O recebimento de valores, programado e monitorado, introduz as pessoas na prática individual da utilização dos meios para acessar os atuais recursos financeiros - cartões de banco, senhas eletrônicas, etc - com contrapartidas disciplinadoras e controladoras focadas nas áreas da educação e saúde transformando-se em essenciais para a manutenção de sua vida. Esta prática atua como estímulo a esses beneficiários fomentando a atividade do consumo. Forma-se, então, no individuo a cultura da renda e esta se estabelece consecutivamente à proposta de transferência por redistribuição. A condição seguinte é a concessão do crédito em pequenos valores prosseguindo nos conceitos da prática anterior como disciplinadores e educadores do consumo consciente . É a condição preliminar de preparação dos indivíduos para a inserção no mundo do consumo com a perspectiva de pertencimento na vida social utilizando uma das ferramentas das microfinanças, como o microcrédito orientado e produtivo, para a formação de empreendedores e micro-empreendedores a partir do atual conceito econômico-financeiro. A questão da renda contida nos programas de redução da pobreza com redistribuição de renda pela transferência, a exemplo o Bolsa Família, e o microcrédito do Banco do Povo, como política governamental de concessão de crédito em pequenos valores visam em suas propostas preliminares a formação de empreendedores locais. Este trabalho busca avaliar qual o impacto alcançado pelo programa de concessão de crédito ofertado pelo Banco do Povo de Sorocaba, São Paulo, que atua antecipando a renda futura para os pretendentes, e estudar a proposta de relação de continuidade, anunciada pelo governo federal para atrelar o programa de redistribuição de renda ao de concessão de crédito. A primeira hipótese busca elucidar a questão da privação das capacidades básicas do individuo através da ausência de renda como fator de permanência na condição de subalternidade social e se, confirmada essa condição subalterna, ela se estabelece no local (lócus) onde as pessoas vivem e se realizam dando continuidade à reprodução social da pobreza. A segunda hipótese trilha o caminho da desconstrução das formas de renda obtidas pelo trabalho que destituiu muitos indivíduos de suas capacidades, contribuindo para a informalidade no mundo do trabalho e perpetuando condições de dependência e subordinação, exclusão e pobreza

Religious institutions are among the deepest reservoirs of social belonging in America, but what determines whether belonging is cultivated in these institutions? Previous research shows that individuals’ social network composition is a primary predictor of feelings of belonging. However, less is known about how group characteristics condition the influence of social networks on belonging. We use data from the 2001 U.S. Congregational Life Survey and multilevel modeling to examine how organizational characteristics such as group size, in-group network density, and aggregate ideological uniformity moderate the effects of individual social networks on sense of belonging. Results indicate that both structural (network density, church size) and cultural (ideology) characteristics of groups significantly condition the effects of individual social networks on belonging. Smaller group size, network density, and ideological unity cultivate contexts that amplify the relationship between personal networks and belonging.

This dissertation examines Puerto Rican therapeutic communities – resource-poor mutual-aid collectives that have flourished over the past five decades, despite being heavily criticized by human rights groups for using unwaged labor as a method to treat addiction. The persistence of these communities, which are spreading rapidly across Latin America, is widely ascribed in international media to state neglect. I conducted a year of ethnographic research in Puerto Rico to understand why labor therapies thrive, and what these approaches are intended to achieve among those who practice them. Challenging the argument that labor therapies are the simple result of the state failing to provide alternatives, my research shows that during the last half century therapeutic communities have been successively recruited to serve a variety of distinct and sometimes competing interests. My examination of the multiple, contested, and sometimes-converging projects that inhere within this therapeutic regime shows that these organizations have variously served as entrepreneurial projects of informal enterprise, existential projects of redemption, state projects of containment, and shunt-valves for relieving burdens of dependency from straining kinship systems. Their endurance, therefore, not only reflects their capacity to patch the cracks of multiple faltering systems (including employment, corrections, family), but it also reflects their protean vulnerability to appropriation: that is, the ease with which they are co-opted by other actors for alternative utilities. Based on eight months of intensive participant observation in one therapeutic community, La Casita, where I explored the cultural logics and meanings of labor therapies, I argue that “drug treatment” here is not centrally geared towards “treating addiction.” Instead, La Casita’s therapeutic practices of labor therapy, time-discipline, prayer, and internal work are more instructively read as social technologies through which men who are excluded from the labor market and estranged from kinship ties seek to cultivate an alternative masculinity that restores their sense of worth. The “socially useful” masculinity under construction here, based on a performance of work, responsibility, and duty, offers unemployed men an alternative way to claim the dignity and social membership of work.

<p>Denna undersökning syftar till att undersöka nationella skillnader i moralutveckling och innehåll i moraliskt resonemang. Studien omfattar 445 svenska och 148 amerikanska ungdomar i åldern 14-19 år. De svenska fpp är hämtade från högstadium och gymnasium i Stockholmsområdet, och de amerikanska från två katolska privatskolor i New York. Dessa tog del av ett moralfrågeformulär av Gibbs (Gibbs & Widaman, 1982; Socio-moral Reflection Measure; SRM) som är en reviderad version av Kohlbergs intervjumetod för bedömning av en individs moralutveckling och kvalitativa, moraliska synsätt i frågor rörande moral. Vid analysen förelåg inga nationella skillnader i moralutvecklingsnivå. Resultaten visade ej heller på skillnader mellan svenska och amerikanska ungdomars sätt att resonera kring moraliska frågor, utom i två fall, som kan tänkas visa på ett typiskt svenskt och ett typiskt amerikanskt sätt att tänka och försvara etiska ställningstaganden. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån (nämnda) teorier inom ämnesområdet.</p> / <p>The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are National differences in moral development and content of moral reasoning. The study includes 445 Swedish and 148 North American youths in the age of 14-19 years. The Swedish subjects of the study come from an upper level of compulsory school in the area around Stockholm, and the North American subjects of the study come from two private Catholic schools in New York. The subjects answered Gibbs’ Moral questionnaire (Gibbs & Widaman, 1982; Socio-moral Reflections Measure; SRM), which is a revised version of Kohlberg’s survey method for estimating individual moral development and qualitative moral viewpoints. The analysis showed no Nation-bound differences concerning moral development level between the youths. Neither could any differences between Swedish and North American young peoples’ way of reasoning on moral issues be traced, except in two cases, which possibly show a typical Swedish and a typical North American way of thinking and defending ethical standpoints. The result is discussed in relation to mentioned theories of the subject area.</p>

Many people have migrated between East and West Europe in recent decades. The daily life of these migrants is crucial not only for the migrants themselves but also for the development of future migration. The aim of this thesis is to explore the interaction between migration motives, integration, social networks and migration, and how this affects international migration processes in general. This is done using migration between Sweden on the one hand and Russia, Poland and the Baltic States on the other as a case study. The thesis consists of three empirical studies which derive from different sources of data: the first (Paper I) draws on individual Swedish register data while the second and third are based upon a questionnaire survey. Paper I explores aspects of transnational social spaces in the context of migration from the non-Baltic former Soviet republics to Sweden before and after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. The results of this paper show rather limited migration and a lack of a more developed transnational social space. This is partly due to weak integration on the labour market, a high degree of intermarriage, no existing migrant community and limited return migration. The following two papers (II, III) focus on migrants from Russia, Poland and the Baltic States to Sweden after 1990. Paper II analyses migration motives and the outcome of the migration decision, and reveals significant gender differences in the motives for migrating and in how men and women adapt in their new country of living. While men mainly came for economic reasons, the majority of women came for intermarriage in Sweden; however, the migration motives have changed over time towards more economic ones. The final paper (III) shows significant gender differences in the migrants’ perceived sense of belonging in Sweden. Women report a stronger sense of belonging than their male counterparts, and while men’s sense of belonging is mainly affected by duration of stay in Sweden, language proficiency and citizenship, women’s sense of belonging is shown to be mostly affected by local social networks. In sum, the results in this thesis show that migration systems and transnational social spaces between Sweden and the respective countries have not yet emerged. This is partly due to the specific migrant composition and integration that characterize this migration process. The immigrants mainly function as weak bridgeheads, and do not facilitate the development of any further migration. However, with a changing migration flow, including migrants with different motives and migration agendas, future migrants can be stronger bridgeheads and facilitate further development of migration systems and transnational social spaces.

This study is about the significance of dual citizenship and the feeling of belonging people experience. Descriptions about the problems with being a citizen in a state, but not being accepted as one, is also discussed in the thesis. The juristic aspects, what it means to be possessed of dual citizenship and the consequences when the negative aspects of dual citizenship arise, is also discribed. The reasons for having dual citizenship is very analogous but at the same time different. The common denominator is however pragmatics. The informants are very well aware of the merits and demerits the dual citizenship bring about. The thesis demonstrate further that people experience a feeling of belonging to more than one state and the apprehension of identity doesn’t necessarily derive from national citizenship. The significanse of national citizenship appears to be of reducible community when people become more spacepolygamous in a globalising world.

Den här uppsatsen berör identitetsskapande och social tillhörighet hos tre andra generationens invandrare i Östergötland. Mitt syfte med uppsatsen är att se hur deras identitetsskapande påverkas av att de i sin hemmiljö har en annan kulturell influens än den svenska. I uppsatsen har jag använt mig av intervjuer för att få fram den empiri jag grundar min diskussion på. Intervjuerna har varit både sådana där jag satt mig ner med mina informanter men även Internetbaserade då det inte fanns tid för informanten att möta mig. Mina frågeställningar i uppsatsen har varit: Om, och i så fall hur, har informanten påverkats av att ha en eller båda föräldrar med icke-svenskt ursprung? och Hur ser informanten på sig själv utifrån tillhörighet och identitet? / This essay concerns identity making and social belonging with three second-generation immigrants in Östergötland. The purpose of this essay is to see how their identity making is influenced by the fact that they all have another culture than the Swedish affecting them in their domestic environment. The interviews I have used to collect the empiric data I need for this essay are both meetings where I and the informant sat down to do the interview but also when the informant did not have the time to meet me we solved it by doing them on the Internet. The questions I have worked with during this essay are: If, and in that case how, is the informant affected by having one or both parents with a non-Swedish origin? and How does the informant percept himself concerning social belonging and identity?

Denna undersökning syftar till att undersöka nationella skillnader i moralutveckling och innehåll i moraliskt resonemang. Studien omfattar 445 svenska och 148 amerikanska ungdomar i åldern 14-19 år. De svenska fpp är hämtade från högstadium och gymnasium i Stockholmsområdet, och de amerikanska från två katolska privatskolor i New York. Dessa tog del av ett moralfrågeformulär av Gibbs (Gibbs &amp; Widaman, 1982; Socio-moral Reflection Measure; SRM) som är en reviderad version av Kohlbergs intervjumetod för bedömning av en individs moralutveckling och kvalitativa, moraliska synsätt i frågor rörande moral. Vid analysen förelåg inga nationella skillnader i moralutvecklingsnivå. Resultaten visade ej heller på skillnader mellan svenska och amerikanska ungdomars sätt att resonera kring moraliska frågor, utom i två fall, som kan tänkas visa på ett typiskt svenskt och ett typiskt amerikanskt sätt att tänka och försvara etiska ställningstaganden. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån (nämnda) teorier inom ämnesområdet. / The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are National differences in moral development and content of moral reasoning. The study includes 445 Swedish and 148 North American youths in the age of 14-19 years. The Swedish subjects of the study come from an upper level of compulsory school in the area around Stockholm, and the North American subjects of the study come from two private Catholic schools in New York. The subjects answered Gibbs’ Moral questionnaire (Gibbs &amp; Widaman, 1982; Socio-moral Reflections Measure; SRM), which is a revised version of Kohlberg’s survey method for estimating individual moral development and qualitative moral viewpoints. The analysis showed no Nation-bound differences concerning moral development level between the youths. Neither could any differences between Swedish and North American young peoples’ way of reasoning on moral issues be traced, except in two cases, which possibly show a typical Swedish and a typical North American way of thinking and defending ethical standpoints. The result is discussed in relation to mentioned theories of the subject area.

This report is about the current outdoor environment in the housing area Brunnsbacken in the city of Eskilstuna. The report examines the various factors in the outdoor environment that can affect the physical and psychic well being of the elderly people through availability and inclusion. The research methods that are affected are qualitative and has been implemented in order to give insight and knowledge about the way elderly people view the outdoor stay in their neighborhood, but also through analysis produce an informed design suggestion. / Denna rapport handlar om dagens utomhusmiljö i bostadsområdet Brunnsbacken i Eskilstuna. I rapporten granskas de olika faktorer i utomhusmiljön som kan påverka äldres fysiska och psykiska välmående genom tillgänglighet och inkludering. De forskningsmetoder som berörs är kvalitativa och har använts i syfte att ge insikt och kunskap om de äldres syn på utomhusvistelsen i sin närmiljö, men också genom analys kunna ta fram ett välgrundat gestaltningsförslag.

Fotbollsverksamheten präglar många flickors vardag och är den största ungdomsverksamheten i svensk idrott. Det råder inga tveksamheter om att idrott innebär flera fördelar för människors psykiska och fysiska välbefinnande. Fotbollen är en arena där flickors självförtroende kan främjas och stärkas. Samtidigt faller många idrottsutövare offer för den robusta individualismen med strävan efter idrottslig framgång. Tävlingsmomentets påverkan för barn och ungdomars psykiska hälsa är viktigt att belysa och diskutera för att fotbollen ska kunna verka som en hälsofrämjande arena. Syftet med studien var att undersöka, utifrån flickors egna upplevelser, hur självförtroende konstrueras inom flickfotbollen. Metoden för insamling av det empiriska materialet var en intervjustudie i form av sex fokusgruppsintervjuer och två individuella intervjuer, vilket utgick från en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Resultatet, erhållet genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys, visade att flickor har olika avsikter med sin fotboll och lever i skilda idrottsvärldar. Flickfotbollen kunde inte tillgodose behoven hos flickor som inte ville satsa på sin fotboll. Flickors självförtroende konstruerades i interaktion med omgivningen och dess respons på flickors prestationer på fotbollsplanen. I takt med att flickfotbollen blev mer tävlingsinriktad belystes vikten av att vara dukig, vilket bidrog till att verksamheten hämmade flickor som inte satsade på sin fotboll från ett psykiskt välmående i form av ett sänkt självförtroende. Ur en folkhälsopedagogisk syn kan slutsatsen dras att flickfotbollen ur ett långsiktigt perspektiv behöver finna nya synsätt för att inte frånta flickor rätten till psykiskt välbefinnande och fysisk aktivitet inom verksamheten. / Football organization characterizes many girls living and is the largest youth sport activity in Sweden. There is no doubt about that sport offers several benefits to human mental and physical wellbeing. Football is an arena where girls’ self-confidence can be promoted and strengthened. In the same time many athletes become victims to the rugged individualism of the pursuit of sporting success. The competition of sports impact of child and adolescent mental health is important to highlight and discuss in football to operate as a health promotion arena. The purpose of this study was to investigate, based on girls 'own experiences, how selfconfident are constructed in the girls' football. The method for collecting the empirical material was an interview in the form of six focus group interviews and two individual interviews, which were based on a semi-structured interview guide. The result, based on qualitative content analysis, showed that girls have different intentions with their football and live in different sporting worlds. Girl's football could not meet the needs of girls who would not venture on its football. Girls self-confidence is constructed in interaction with the environment and it responses to the girls' accomplishments on the football field. Girls' football become more competitive and highlighted the importance of being good. This contributed that the activity inhibited the girls who not venture for their football from a mental health in the form of a lowered self-confidence. From a health promotion and education view, the conclusion was that girls' football in the long term need to find new approaches in order not to deprive the girls the right to mental health and physical activity within the business.