Orientador: Márcio Antonio Cataia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marquezini_AnaCarolinaTorelli_M.pdf: 5004862 bytes, checksum: 6963e7460348af8af1acce0d1d84b3e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: No presente estudo, analisamos a circulação de mercadorias na fronteira entre o Brasil e o Paraguai através da situação geográfica vigente em duas cidades fronteiriças: Foz do Iguaçu (PR) e Ponta Porã (MS). Por meio do termo situação de fronteira discutimos a configuração espacial, social e econômica dessas cidades e as alterações provocadas in loco pelos fluxos de mercadorias ordenados por demandas externas ao lugar. O poder do consumo em ordenar atividades é analisado na escala do Estado Nacional e na escala local; nesse contexto, entram em foco políticas de fiscalização, apreensão e refuncionalização de mercadorias (leilões), além da análise do perfil dos agentes que promovem a circulação de mercadorias nas cidades fronteiriças selecionadas em nossa pesquisa / Abstract: In this study we analyze the merchandise circulation in the frontier between Brazil and Paraguay through the geographic situation in two cities: Foz do Iguaçu (PR) and Ponta Porã (MS). Using the term frontier situation we discuss the space, social and economic configuration of these cities and the modifications happening on site due to the merchandise flux caused by demand external to those places. The effects of consumer demand in activities ordering is analyzed in the National State scale and also on the local scale; in this context, inspection, arrest and merchandise auctions policies are considered, as well as the analysis of the profile of agents that promote the flux of merchandises in border cities studied in this work / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Carla-Schuchmann 20180604.pdf: 2181890 bytes, checksum: f3dde4e5e6e77e830fb82af06a0755da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-04 / Se, por um lado, o meio ambiente é fundamental para o crescimento econômico no modelo capitalista, as crises ambientais, devido ao não respeito dos limites planetários, representam uma ameaça para humanidade. As empresas são cobradas para contribuir com a solução desse problema, por historicamente terem contribuído para essa situação. Por outro lado, ainda existem poucos estudos que tratam a sustentabilidade empresarial e seus impactos para melhorar a qualidade do meio ambiente (WHITEMAN, WALKER E PEREGO, 2013). Este estudo buscou avaliar se as estratégias de sustentabilidade do setor elétrico estão alinhadas aos principais desafios ambientais da atualidade. Para definir esses desafios, o estudo se baseou, principalmente, na teoria dos limites planetários de Steffen et al. (2015). Além de revisões bibliográficas, também foi realizada uma análise Multi Estudos de Casos, que contou com análises documentais (websites e relatórios de sustentabilidade) e entrevistas com três líderes da estratégia de sustentabilidade de empresas do setor elétrico, que são referências no tema (estão na carteira do ISE). Como resultado desse estudo, observou-se que, dos nove limites planetários (mudança do clima, integridade da biosfera, redução da camada de ozônio, acidificação dos oceanos, uso de água doce, fluxo bioquímico (nitrogênio e fósforo), alteração no território , carga de aerossol atmosférico e novos contaminantes), seis deles (mudança do clima, integridade da biosfera, alteração no território, uso de água doce, carga de aerossol atmosférico e novos contaminantes) tiveram historicamente o setor elétrico como uma de suas principais ameaças. Dois desses temas (mudança do clima e novos contaminantes) são considerados prioritários por todas as empresas estudadas. No entanto, quando se analisa o alinhamento das empresas para enfrentar os principais impactos causados pelo setor nos limítes planetários, observa-se que: I) todos os impactos relacionados ao tema ‘alteração no território’ são geridos por, ao menos, uma estratégia de cada empresa estudada; II) todos os impactos relacionados a uso de água doces e carga de aerossóis atmosféricos são gerenciados por uma ou duas das empresas estudadas; III) um ou mais impactos relacionados aos temas ‘mudança do clima’, ‘integridade da biosfera’ e ‘novos contaminantes’ não são gerenciados pela estratégia de sustentabilidade de nenhuma empresa estudada. Ao final, são sugeridos alguns estudos futuros relacionados aos temas estudados. / The environment is essential for economic growth in capitalism. In contrast, environmental crisis, due to not respecting planetary boundaries, represent a threat to humanity. Corporations are charged to help solving this problem, since historically they were the contributors of this issue. Nonetheless, there still are few studies that deal with corporate sustainability and its impacts to improve environment quality (Whiteman, Walker and Perego, 2013). This paper tried to evaluate if the sustainable strategies within the Brazilian electric Power companies are aligned with the main environmental challenges of current times. To describe these challenges, this research was mainly based on the planetary boundaries theory , done by Steffen et al. (2015). Among several bibliographic reviews, it was done a an Multiple Case Study analysis, that took into account documental reviews (websites and sustainability reports), interviews with three sustainable strategy leaders from benchmark companies of the Brazilian electric power sector (present at ISE portfolio).As a result of this research, it was realized that out of the nine planetary boundaries described (climate change, biosphere integrity, stratospheric ozone depletion, ocean acidification, freshwater use, biochemical flows (nitrogen and phosphorus), land-system change, atmospheric aerossol loading, novel entities) , the electric power sector represents a historically threat over six of them (climate change, biosphere integrity, land-system change, freshwater use, atmospheric aerossol and novel entities). The companies studied consider as a priority two of these boundaries (climate change and novel entities). Notwithstanding that, observing these companies alignment to deal with these main impacts caused by the electric sector Power on the boundaries, we can point that: I) all companies have their own strategies to manage all impacts on land-system change ; II) at least one company manages each freshwater use or atmospheric aerossol loading impacts; III) one or more impacts caused by climate change, biospheric integrity or novel entities are not dealt with any of these companies. It is possible to conclude that sustainable strategies among the Brazilian eletric power sector companies are partially aligned with the main environmental challenges of current times. Lastly, futures studies related to these cases are suggested.

L'Alliage 600 (Ni-15%Cr-10%Fe) est réputé sensible à la Corrosion Sous Contrainte (CSC) en milieu primaire des Réacteurs à Eau Pressurisée (REP). Des études récentes ont montré que la diffusion du chrome était une étape limitante dans la compréhension des mécanismes de CSC. En particulier, le mécanisme d'oxydation interne contrôlé par le taux de défauts local. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse a été de produire des données expérimentales concernant la cinétique de diffusion du chrome en fonction de différents états métallurgiques. Les coefficients de diffusion du chrome ont été mesurés par Spectrométrie de Masse des Ions Secondaires (SIMS) et Spectrométrie à Décharge Luminescente (SDL) en volume et aux joints de grains dans la gamme de température 678 K-1060 K sur des échantillons en nickel pur et d'Alliage 600 monocristallin ou polycristallin. Une partie de cette thèse s'est focalisée sur l'effet de la déformation plastique sur la cinétique de diffusion du chrome pour des échantillons en nickel monocristallin (orienté <101>). Les expériences de diffusion ont été réalisées sur des échantillons non déformés, pré-écrouis à 4% et 20% de déformation plastique et sur des essais in-situ de diffusion en fluage. Les résultats ont montré que les coefficients de diffusion mesurés sur les éprouvettes déformées plastiquement sous charge constante sont supérieurs de six ordres de grandeur à ceux obtenus à l'état non déformé ou pré-écroui. L'accélération de la cinétique de diffusion peut être attribuée à un couplage entre la mobilité des dislocations et la vitesse de déformation plastique. / Alloy 600 (Ni-15%Cr-10%Fe) is known to be susceptible to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in primary water of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). Recent studies have shown that chromium diffusion is a controlling rate step in the comprehension of SCC mechanism. In order to improve the understanding and the modelling of SCC of Alloy 600 in PWR primary medium the aim of this study was to collect data on kinetics diffusion of chromium. Volume and grain boundary diffusion of chromium in pure nickel and Alloy 600 (mono and poly-crystals) has been measured in the temperature range 678 K to 1060 K by using Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and Glow Discharge-Optical Spectrometry (GD-OES) techniques. A particular emphasis has been dedicated to the influence of plastic deformation on chromium diffusion in nickel single crystals (orientated <101>) for different metallurgical states. The experimental tests were carried out in order to compare the chromium diffusion coefficients in free lattice (not deformed), in pre-hardening specimens (4% and 20%) and in dynamic deformed tensile specimens at 773 K. It has been found that chromium diffusivity measured in dynamic plastic deformed creep specimens were six orders of magnitude greater than those obtained in not deformed or pre-hardening specimens. The enhancement of chromium diffusivity can be attributed to the presence of moving dislocations generated during plastic deformation.

The purpose of my study is to investigate how working with ABC (All Children at the Centre) can be interpreted based on a democratic education in preschool. ABC is a socioemotional course provided by an external agency which is subsequently available to teachers and parents within certain councils, throughout the country. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews with four teachers I have explored how they describe their work on choosing battles - based on ABC methodology. This has subsequently been analyzed in the results section based on my interpretation of Gert Biestas (2006, 2011) theories of democracy. Results indicate that routine situations emerge as restrictive and can hamper children's potential actions. However, through the ABC methodology - choose battles, teachers claim to see a decrease in conflicts, due to an approach characterized by an awareness of the restrictive conditions the children face. My conclusion from the interviews is that the ABC-choosing battles methodology appears to contribute to a democratic education in preschool, however it seems in the interviews that it could also lead to an over-generalized perspective where children's actions are seen only as a strategy for attention. This could subsequently lead to a situation where an appreciation of Biestas definition of plurality is sorely lacking. / Syftet med min studie är att undersöka hur arbetet med ABC (Alla Barn i Centrum) kan förstås utifrån en demokratisk fostran i förskolan. ABC är ett socioemotionellt program från en extern agent, som vissa kommuner erbjuder till pedagoger och föräldrar runtom i landet. Genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra pedagoger har jag undersökt hur de beskriver sitt arbete med att välja strider - utifrån ABC. Beskrivningarna har sedan analyserats i resultatdelen utifrån min tolkning av Gert Biestas (2006, 2011) teorier om demokrati. Resultatet visar att rutinsituationer framkommer som begränsande för barns möjlighet till handlande. Men genom ABC - välja strider anser pedagogerna att konflikter minskar, genom att pedagogerna reflekterar över vilka motstånd barnen möts av, och hur. Min slutsats utifrån ABC-pedagogernas beskrivningar är att det tycks vara möjligt att ABC - välja strider kan bidra till en demokratisk fostran i förskolan. Men det kan samtidigt finnas en risk att en syn där barns handlande förstås som endast en strategi för att få uppmärksamhet, kan leda till en stor generalisering. Det kan i sin tur medföra att det Biesta ser som pluralitet inte värdesätts tillräckligt mycket.

Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra och beskriva förskollärares normer för barns användande av förskolans material i leken. De frågeställningar som har legat till grund för undersökningen har varit Vilka uppfattningar har förskollärare om barns användande av förskolans material i leken? Finns det regler för var och hur barnen får använda förskolans material i leken? och Finns det bestämda platser för var förskollärare anser att barnen bör leka med materialet?   I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod samt tematisk analys använts. För att samla in empirin har kvalitativa intervjuer använts. I studien har fem förskollärare deltagit.   I resultatet visade deltagarnas svar, att det finns normer och regler som både förskollärare och barnen rättar sig efter på förskolan. Resultatet visade även att förskollärare har regler för i vilka rum som barnen tillåts använda materialet samt vilka möjligheter de har till hur materialet får användas.   Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att förskollärare strävar efter en speciell ordning av förskolans material. Tanken med denna ordning är att materialets placering påverkar barnen. / The purpose this study is to make visible and describe preschool teachers norms for how children use of preschool material when they play. The issues underlying the investigation have been what perceptions do preschool teachers have on how children use preschool material when they play? Are there rules for where and how children are allowed to use preschool material when they play? and are there specific places for where preschool teachers consider that children should play with the material?   In this study, a qualitative method and thematic analysis have been used. Qualitative interviews have been used to collect empirical. Five preschool teachers participated in this study.   The response from the participants showed that there are norms and rules that both preschool teachers and children adapt to in the preschool. The result also showed that preschool teachers have rules for where the children are allowed to use the material and what possibilities they have for how the material is allowed to be used. The conclusion of the study is that preschool teachers strive for a special order of preschool material. The idea of this order is that the materials location affects the children.

Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra och beskriva förskollärares normer för barns användande av förskolans material i leken. De frågeställningar som har legat till grund för undersökningen har varit Vilka uppfattningar har förskollärare om barns användande av förskolans material i leken? Finns det regler för var och hur barnen får använda förskolans material i leken? och Finns det bestämda platser för var förskollärare anser att barnen bör leka med materialet? I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod samt tematisk analys använts. För att samla in empirin har kvalitativa intervjuer använts. I studien har fem förskollärare deltagit. I resultatet visade deltagarnas svar, att det finns normer och regler som både förskollärare och barnen rättar sig efter på förskolan. Resultatet visade även att förskollärare har regler för i vilka rum som barnen tillåts använda materialet samt vilka möjligheter de har till hur materialet får användas. Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att förskollärare strävar efter en speciell ordning av förskolans material. Tanken med denna ordning är att materialets placering påverkar barnen. / The purpose this study is to make visible and describe preschool teachers norms for how children use of preschool material when they play. The issues underlying the investigation have been what perceptions do preschool teachers have on how children use preschool material when they play? Are there rules for where and how children are allowed to use preschool material when they play? and are there specific places for where preschool teachers consider that children should play with the material? In this study, a qualitative method and thematic analysis have been used. Qualitative interviews have been used to collect empirical. Five preschool teachers participated in this study. The response from the participants showed that there are norms and rules that both preschool teachers and children adapt to in the preschool. The result also showed that preschool teachers have rules for where the children are allowed to use the material and what possibilities they have for how the material is allowed to be used. The conclusion of the study is that preschool teachers strive for a special order of preschool material. The idea of this order is that the location of the materials affects the children.

Le biofilm épilithique (anciennement périphyton), agrégat phototrophe d’organismes se développant sur le fond des cours d’eau, joue un rôle essentiel dans le fonctionnement des hydroécosystèmes fluviaux comme la Garonne. Pour améliorer la modélisation à l’échelle du tronçon de rivière de ces systèmes, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les caractéristiques locales de l’écoulement notamment pour la prédiction de l’évolution de la biomasse. Les méthodes expérimentales actuelles ne permettent pas d’accéder aux grandeurs hydrodynamiques locales proches du fond rugueux, dans la zone dite de ’canopée’. Le travail présenté ici vise donc à compléter ces résultats par des simulations numériques directes, avec une méthode de frontières immergées, d’écoulements turbulents de couche limite hydrauliquement rugueuse formée d’hémisphères. L’objectif est double : il s’agit d’une part de mettre en relation les motifs de colonisation et la croissance du biofilm observés expérimentalement aux caractéristiques locales de l’écoulement, et d’autre part, de quantifier les flux d’espèces chimiques entre la canopée et la pleine eau et ce, en fonction du type d’arrangement des obstacles formant le fond, du confinement et du nombre de Reynolds rugueux. Après avoir validé la méthode numérique sur des cas proches de ceux rencontrés dans les expériences, et vérifié que les grandeurs hydrodynamiques moyennes et turbulentes dans la pleine eau sont en bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux, plusieurs campagnes de simulations ont été réalisées pour deux types d’arrangements du fond (aligné et décalé), plusieurs confinements et une gamme de nombre de Reynolds rugueux représentatifs des écoulements en rivière. Ce travail a pu mettre en évidence que le biofilm colonise préférentiellement les zones de faible cisaillement local et un critère de colonisation a été déterminé. Des simulations avec transfert d’espèce chimique ont été réalisées pour différentes valeurs du nombre de Schmidt et ont permis de quantifier les flux d’échange en fonction de ce paramètre. / The epilithic biofilm, aggregate set of phototrophic organisms growing on the bed of rivers, plays an essential role in the functioning of hydro-ecosystems such as the Garonne river. To improve the modeling of these systems it is necessary to take into account the local conditions in the region close to the rough bottom, named ’canopy’. Direct numerical simulations with a immersed boundary method are used to simulate turbulent boundary layer flows with a rough wall composed of hemipheres. The aim of these simulations is twofold : (1) investigate the influence of local flow conditions on the biofilm colonization and growth processes and (2) quantify the transfers of chemical species between the canopy region and the main water column, for various hemispheres arrangement, confinement and turbulent Reynolds number encountered in natural rivers. This work allowed to show that biofilm colonization first occurs in low-to-moderate local shear stress at the hemisphere surface. Simulations with the transport of a passive scalar were performed for various Schmidt number, and gave an estimation of the mass fluxes as a function of this parameter.

Die Rekombinationsaktivität von Versetzungen und Korngrenzen in multikristallinem Silicium wird von Kupfer und anderen metallischen Verunreinigungen wie Eisen mitbestimmt. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit war es, die Verteilung von Kupfer und dessen Wirkung auf die Rekombinationsaktivität von Versetzungen und Korngrenzen genauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden optische und elektrische Untersuchungen an gezielt mit Metallen verunreinigten Modellmaterialien durchgeführt. Nicht alle Versetzungen sind rekombinationsaktiv. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Anteil rekombinationsaktiver Versetzungen am Gesamtinventar und die Hintergrunddiffusionslänge von der Verunreinigung mit Metallen abhängig sind. Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen an Proben, die Diffusionsexperimenten unterzogen wurden, deuten auf unterschiedliches Ausscheidungsverhalten von Kupfer und Eisen hin sowie auf Wechselwirkungen mit Versetzungen und Korngrenzen, die mit der Diffusionstemperatur und den Abkühlbedingungen in Zusammenhang stehen.

I syfte att undersöka vad övergången till en aktivitetsbaserat kontorsmiljö (ABW) innebär för synen på det egna ledarskapet i relation till medarbetarna samt hur chefer hanterat övergången i förhållande till sin chefsidentitet har sex kvinnliga och tre manliga chefer från fyra olika organisationer intervjuats. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av IPA-metoden utifrån teorier om chef-/ ledarskap i förhållande till medarbetarskap och identitetsarbete. Resultatet visar att en övergång till ABW kan innebära en ansvarsförskjutning mot ökat medarbetaransvar och ett mer strategiskt chef-/ledarskap som är baserat på målstyrning, tillit och ett större ansvar för sociala strukturer. Ett individuellt, tjänande ledarskap underlättar för ett hållbart ledarskap i ABW. Deltagande chefer har uppskattat utvecklingen av chef-/ledarskapet i övergången till ABW och det har inte påvisats några konfliktfyllda identitetsarbeten. Studien ger exempel på vad en förändringsprocess mot ABW kan innehålla. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att undersöka hur ABW fungerar för olika typer av organisationer och medarbetare. / To investigate what a change into an activitybased workplace (ABW) means to managers view of leadership in relation toemployees and how managers handles it in relation to their identity as managers,six female and three male managers, from four different organizations, havebeen interviewed. The IPA-method was used for interview analyzes based ontheories about management/leadership, empowerment and identity work. The resultshows that a transfer into ABW may lead to a passing of responsibility towardsemployees and a strategic leadership/management based on goal management, trustand an increased responsibility for social structures. An individual, servingleadership facilitates a sustainable leadership in ABW. Participants haveappreciated the leadership/management development, and no identity workconflicts has been detected. The study gives examples of changing processestowards ABW. More studies have to be done in order to investigate how ABW fitsdifferent types of organization and different types of employees.

Density is more about an experienced nearness to functions and activities than buildingsbeing physically close to each other. Density is interaction, and the intensity of itdepends on accessibility to the functions and activities of the built environment. The current planning, continuing the thoughts of the modernist, are a threat to publichealth and the environment, as sprawling settlements demand more resources forinfrastructure and time spent commuting between home and work, taking up the timeto spend with family and friends. The suburban planning principles of the Swedish housing estate unit have graduallytransformed the suburban neighbourhoods into dispersed, disconnected islands, wheresocial life is inhibited in the mere configuration of space. Legibility of the urban environment is important regarding orientation and navigation,but also to understand the underlying meanings of spaces and places. The urbanstructure should be easily read to be understandable in the choices of everyday life. How we understand the boundaries and transitions of our surrounding affects howspaces are used. Unclear territorial interfaces, like the open space landscape ofmodernist planning feels too exposed to be appropriated. If activities should take placein the outdoor environment, there must be a certain quality to the spaces that areinviting and promote interaction between people. The suburban housing estate neighbourhoods can be developed to promote thisinteraction, providing spaces where the different layers of social life can take place, fromthe private home – through mediating interfaces of front yards, indoor collective spaceand collective gardens – to the public realm of the streets, pathways and parks. The thesis studies the suburban neighbourhood Årsta in eastern Uppsala, whichshows the signs of a disperse suburban housing estate in its configuration of buildings,withdrawn from the streets, turning inward away from the public spaces. By adding built volume within the existing structure of the open yards, the boundariesbetween the public and the private spaces can be clearly defined and new activatedspaces can be created. Many fronts towards the streets and paths make people meet inevery-day life and new types of spaces can be used to set a framework for interactionbetween residents as well as outsiders. Such spaces can also work as a buffer betweenpublic life and the private dwelling, e.g. a collective garden mediates the space inbetween a pedestrian path and an inner yard.