Le retour d’expatriation dans une perspective du marché du travail externe est un sujet sous-exploré. Nous empruntons la Théorie de la Pratique de Pierre Bourdieu afin de comparer le retour d’expatriation d’agents de carrière français et allemands sur le marché du travail externe de leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre analyse démontre que le capital de carrière, ainsi que le habitus des agents de carrière Français et Allemands, se développent pendant l’expatriation. Ceci a alors un impact important sur la réintégration dans leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre portefeuille d’éléments bourdieusiens critiques, ainsi que nos deux modèles de variables pour le retour en France et en Allemagne démontrent certaines similarités mais surtout de nombreuses différences concernant le retour sur le champ de carrière allemand et français. Si ces faits témoignent de l’existence de frontières nationales du champ de carrière, nos résultats montrent également que, dans un contexte de mobilité internationale, les règles du jeu changent comparé à un contexte de carrière purement national. Ceci remet alors en question la pertinence des modèles de carrière nationaux pour expliquer le retour d’expatriation dans un contexte franco-allemand. Notre recherche contribue à enrichir la littérature académique en clarifiant, dans un premier temps, les règles du jeu dans un contexte de retour d’expatriation franco-allemand. Elle démontre également que les champs de carrière bourdieusiens ne sont que partiellement autonomes et doivent être considérés en interaction avec les champs économiques et éducatifs afin d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension entière des mécanismes du retour. / Repatriation from an external labor market perspective is a largely under-researched topic. Applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and reconciling the culturalist and institutionalist approach in comparative research, this thesis compares the repatriation of German and French career agents into the external labor markets of their parent country career fields. We found that the German and French career agents’ career capital and habitus develops during expatriation, which has an important impact on the re-integration into the parent country career field. Based on our developed critical portfolio of elements for the successful return into the German and French career fields and resulting from our emerged German and French repatriation models, we found that the re-entry conditions into the German and French career fields are in some parts similar, but more strongly differ. While this indicates the existence of national borders of career fields, our results also show that in an international career mobility context, the rules of the game change compared to the rules in a pure national career context, which challenges the pertinence of national career models in understanding repatriation in our Franco-German context. Our research especially contributes to the existing literature by clarifying the rules of the game in a Franco-German repatriation context and by providing empirical evidence for the only partially autonomous nature of Bourdieuian career fields that must be viewed in interaction with the economic and educational field for creating a complete understanding of the return-mechanisms.

O futebol americano é uma modalidade esportiva recente no Brasil. É regulado e sistematizado pela Confederação Brasileira de Futebol Americano (CBFA). O contexto do futebol americano no estado de São Paulo (SP) durante o período entre 2012 e 2015 foi pautado em uma disputa de poder pelo direito de organização da modalidade. O órgão associado à CBFA era a Liga Paulista de Futebol Americano (LPFA), porém, no ano de 2012, equipes descontentes com a gestão desta instituição romperam relações com a mesma e criaram a Federação de Futebol Americano do Estado de São Paulo (FEFASP). Reforçando a disputa por poder e capital simbólico dentro deste subcampo, principalmente no relacionamento entidade-equipes que se manteve até o início de 2015, quando foi anunciada a vinculação das equipes advindas da LPFA junto à FEFASP, resultando no fim da primeira. Deste modo, emergiram as seguintes questões: Como se organiza atualmente o futebol americano no estado de São Paulo pós-vinculação? Como se deu o processo de filiação das equipes da LPFA junto à FEFASP? Como se dão as ações dos sujeitos em relação à busca por poder e legitimidade social na organização do futebol americano no estado? Quais são os objetivos das equipes e entidades organizadoras da modalidade? Devido à recente inserção do futebol americano no país, à escassez de pesquisas e informações acadêmicas na área e a participação decisiva e protagonista de gestores de equipes em tais processos de divisão e vinculação de instituições reguladoras, o objetivo deste projeto de pesquisa foi investigar e delimitar o processo de organização das estruturas de poder estabelecidas nesta modalidade esportiva no estado de SP a partir de 2015, sob o ponto de vista de dirigentes de equipes. Este trabalho utilizou como referencial teórico para discussão e análise de seu objeto de pesquisa, categorias sociológicas da obra de Pierre Bourdieu. Através da análise de respostas provenientes de seis entrevistas semiestruturadas iniciais, os dados foram organizados e analisados por meio da Análise Temática, de forma que emergiram três grandes temas: a) Início, com os motivos que contribuíram para a vinculação, b) Processo, atuação dos agentes e acordos que resultaram na vinculação e c) Desdobramentos, com as consequências advindas do processo de vinculação, como novas disputas dentro do subcampo, como a disputa entre equipes da capital e do interior, com habitus fundamentados na localização geográfica dos dirigentes de acordo com suas equipes. É possível verificar que as categorias analíticas propostas por Bourdieu auxiliam no desvendar das relações existentes no espaço investigado. Esse trabalho se propôs a investigar um recorte específico do futebol americano no estado de SP, que possibilitou compreender como a vinculação se desenvolveu e o que alterou no subcampo a partir dela. A partir desse trabalho, pôde-se verificar a existência de algumas doxas do campo esportivo brasileiro, como a necessidade da organização burocrática estar relacionada com uma estrutura confederativa. / American football is a recent sport in Brazil. It is regulated and systematized by the Brazilian Confederation of American Football (CBFA). The context of American football in the state of São Paulo (SP) during the period between 2012 and 2015 was based on a power dispute for the right to organize the sport. The body associated with the CBFA was the Paulista League of American Football (LPFA), but in 2012, teams dissatisfied with the management of this institution broke relations with the same and created the Federation of American Football of the State of São Paulo (FEFASP) . Reinforcing the dispute for power and symbolic capital within this subfield, mainly in the entity-team relationship that remained until the beginning of 2015, when it was announced the linkage of the teams from LPFA to FEFASP, resulting in the end of the first. In this way, the following questions emerged: How is football organized in the state of São Paulo? How did the process of affiliation of the LPFA teams with FEFASP take place? How do the subjects\' actions regarding the search for power and social legitimacy in the organization of American football in the state? What are the objectives of the teams and entities that organize the sport? Due to the recent insertion of American football in the country, the lack of research and academic information in the area and the decisive participation and protagonist of team managers in such processes of division and linkage of regulatory institutions, the objective of this research project was to investigate and delimit the process of organizing the power structures established in this sports modality in the state of SP from 2015, from the point of view of team leaders. This work used as theoretical reference for discussion and analysis of its object of research, sociological categories of the work of Pierre Bourdieu. Through the analysis of responses from six initial semi-structured interviews, the data were organized and analyzed through the Thematic Analysis, so that three main themes emerged: a) Beginning, with the reasons that contributed to the linkage, b) Process, performance of the agents and agreements that resulted in the linkage; and c) Developments, with the consequences arising from the linking process, as new disputes within the subfield, such as the dispute between teams of the capital and the interior, with habitus based on the geographical location of the leaders according to their teams. It is possible to verify that the analytical categories proposed by Bourdieu help to unravel the existing relations in the space investigated. This work aimed to investigate a specific cut of American football in the state of SP, which made it possible to understand how the linkage developed and what altered in the subfield from it. From this work, it was possible to verify the existence of some doxas of the Brazilian sports field, as the necessity of the bureaucratic organization to be related to a confederative structure.

The field of graphic design is an essential part of the contemporary media and communication  landscape, not least as a result of  digitalization where visual content plays a more important role than ever before. Although influential, little research has been conducted in regards to graphic design. The thesis concerns the field of graphic design in Stockholm and poses two research questions. First, which social dynamics and unwritten rules are possible to discern from the graphic design field of Stockholm? Second, what does the interplay between an agent's position in the field and his/hers individual opinion concerning good graphic design look like?  The theoretical framework is centered around Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and its core concepts such as fields, capital, habitus and doxa. These are fundamental cornerstones for the thesis as a whole and used as an analytical framework. Furthermore, six qualitative semi-structured interviews with different actors from within the field were conducted and later analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results concluded that there are social dynamics and unwritten rules within the graphic design field of Stockholm concerning; talent, education, social climate, norms and values, visual guidelines and the purpose of graphic design. Moreover, all actors agree on one basic premise – if something is to be considered good graphic design it has to fulfill the basic purpose of graphic design. However, when it comes to how that premise is fulfilled, there is a clear interplay between an agent's position in the field and their opinion.

Introduction. The purpose is to discuss values, expressed in the architecture and planning documents of four recent cultural centres in Sweden, and how these values influence the public libraries. Method. The method is a case study using content analysis of documents from all four cities and empirical findings from observations in Askersund and Värnamo. Analysis. The theoretical perspectives are based on the theories of fields and doxa by Pierre Bourdieu and the theory of space by David Harvey. Results. From around the year 2000 cultural centres were built increasingly with the aim to support creativity and place branding. Twenty years later that trend has been strengthened and cultural centres are being built as architectural portraits of cities, supporting tourism, innovation and economic growth. Town squares are symbols for meetings, markets and democracy. The names and physical appearance of Sjöängen, Gummifabriken, Sara kulturhus and Karls Krona represent local history and the architects have also expressed values about sustainability and functional estetics. The public libraries seem to benefit from being located within these new cultural centres as regards to lending statistics and programmes for the public. The mission for democracy, the principle of free entry and the intrinsic value of literature, however, must be preserved in today´s amusement park like style of cultural centres. This is a two year master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how three books can be seen as a modern form of the Swedish working class literature tradition. The works are Linjen by Elise Karlsson, Tjänster i hemmet by Marie Hållander, and Cykelbudet by Anders Teglund. The first two books are fictional accounts of the precarious working conditions in contemporary Sweden, and the last book is a hybrid between novel and non-fiction. This thesis utilizies Marxist alienation theory, Bourdieu’s theory of capital and Guy Standing’s theory of the precariat. Furthermore, I relate the material to different defintions of working class literature. By analyzing the material with these theoretical concepts I establish that alienation is a common theme, that Bourdieu’s theory can explain the complex class positions of the main characters, and that all books depict precarious labor. The results show that the three books can be labeled as a modern form of working class literature, even though they differ from earlier forms of this tradition.

[pt] A presente dissertação investiga o papel das companhias de segurança cibernética na produção da segurança cibernética contemporânea. A crescente pressão para securitizar o ciberespaço contribuiu para o crescimento de um lucrativo mercado voltado para a provisão de produtos e serviços para clientes comerciais e governamentais. Utilizando uma perspectiva inspirada em Bourdieu, o trabalho: analisa as condições históricas nas quais as tecnologias da informação ganharam terreno no debate de segurança; identifica as posições e investiga as práticas das companhias de segurança cibernética no campo da segurança cibernética e analisa as disputas em andamento pela produção da segurança cibernética. Abordagens voltadas ao risco são pilares na concepção e comercialização de produtos e serviços anunciados pelas companhias. Neste sentido, argumenta-se que ambas as abordagens voltadas ao risco e as práticas comerciais das companhias de segurança cibernética produzem formas específicas de segurança. O trabalho identifica três distintas formas de segurança produzidas no campo: segurança defensiva, segurança ofensiva e defesa ativa. Analisa-se as implicações de cada forma para a segurança, de um modo geral, e argumenta-se que, enquanto grande parte das companhias adota uma estratégia de defesa ativa em seus produtos e serviços, algumas tem se orientado para a adoção de medidas mais ofensivas para lidar com os atuais riscos. A análise é concluída com algumas reflexões a respeito das implicações das atuais dinâmicas do mercado de segurança cibernética para a segurança e governança da Internet. / [en] This dissertation examines the role of cyber security companies in the production of contemporary cyber security. The increasing pressures to securitize cyberspace have contributed to the growth of a lucrative market oriented at providing cyber security products and services to commercial and government customers. Using a Bourdieu-inspired framework, the work: analyzes the historical conditions under which information technologies gained ground within security debates; identifies the positions and investigates the practices of cyber security companies within the cyber security field and analyzes the ongoing struggles for the production of cyber security. Risk-based thinking is a cornerstone of the process of conceiving and commercializing products and services advertised by companies. In this sense, it is argued that both risk-based thinking and the commercial practices of cyber security companies produce specific forms of security. The work identifies three distinct forms of security produced within the field: defensive security, offensive security and active defense. It analyzes the implications of each form to the overall security of cyberspace and argues that whilst the majority of companies adopt an active defense approach in their products and services, some of them are leaning towards more offensive solutions to deal with current risks. It concludes the analysis with some thoughts on the implications of the current dynamics of the cyber security market for security and Internet governance.

This paper strives to answer a question most anyone remotely involved with education has encountered: what is the relationship between the content taught and its purpose? In this case, the question is in the context of the Workers’ Education Association in Sweden (ABF) and other educational efforts made by the Swedish labour movement. In order to answer such a question one must first outline in some detail what the content to be taught was, and what purpose the association itself saw as the important one. But the matter is also further explored: the Swedish labour movement appears to view education and culture in a rather non-Marxist manner, which poses a question to be untangled in order to fully understand the connection between content and purpose, namely that of what view they did in fact hold. Here, it will be argued that the Swedish labour movement held a proto-Bourdieuan view of culture as a form of societal and cultural capital which must be distributed in order for the emancipatory and egalitarian efforts to succeed.

Som en följd av att det ekonomiska och kulturella fältet förts samman i större grad, har en ekonomisk logik och terminologi gjort sitt intåg i kultursektorn. Kulturen har kommit att uppmärksammas och erkännas som en viktig ingrediens för ekonomisk tillväxt och samhällsutveckling, något som påverkar vad den förväntas leda till. Kulturpolitiken har bidragit med att sprida idéer om kulturen, samt ställa högre krav på kulturfältet vad gäller mätning, styrning och redovisning. Att kulturen ekonomiserats och behövt anpassa sig till en managementdiskurs blir allt tydligare. Frågan är hur dessa idéer kommit att påverka kulturbidragsorganisationer i deras syn på kultur, då dessa har en nyckelroll i att bestämma vilken typ av kultur som skapas. Uppsatsen syftar till att öka förståelsen kring vad den ökade ekonomiseringen kan ha haft för inverkan på kulturen, närmare bestämt vad kulturen förväntas leda till för att få bidrag. Detta undersöktes genom en flerfallsstudie av två kulturbidrags-organisationer: Kulturbryggan och Postkodlotteriets kulturstiftelse, samt genom kompletterande röster från kulturutövare. Studien visar att inga av samtliga respondenter anser att kulturen bör förväntas leda till ekonomisk tillväxt. Däremot behöver den visa på ett ekonomiskt värde för att kunna legitimeras. I studien går det även att utläsa ökade ekonomiska krav på mätbarhet, redovisning och utvärdering samt ett användande av ett ekonomiskt språkbruk bland respondenterna. Den ökade ekonomiseringen har även medfört ett större administrativt arbete för kulturorganisationer och kulturutövare, vilket påverkar arbetet med kärnverksamheten.

Le vieillissement de la population entraîne une hausse des maladies chroniques telle que la maladie d’Alzheimer dans nos sociétés occidentales. L’enjeu du vieillissement se répercute aussi dans les réformes de nos politiques sociales, et plus généralement dans la gestion des services publics. Dans ce contexte, le régime de santé publique québécois connaît diverses modifications concernant la prestation de soins de première ligne. De nouveaux acteurs acquièrent des rôles et des responsabilités définissant des enjeux particuliers. Nous étudierons l’un de ces enjeux. Ce mémoire vise à spécifier les processus sociaux à la base de l’isolement des aidants familiaux de personnes atteintes par la maladie d’Alzheimer. La stigmatisation des aidants et les microprocessus afférents sont les principaux mécanismes analysés. Les données sont extraites d’entrevues semi-structurées réalisées avec une cohorte d’aidants familiaux (N=60) suivie longitudinalement depuis le début de leur trajectoire de soins. Une démarche qualitative soutient ce projet. Nous avons analysé un échantillon de douze participants au moyen d’une approche séquentielle. Trois processus typiques ont été identifiés : le stigma de forme en ruptures (séparation sociale), le stigma de forme transitoire (stigma transitoire) et le stigma de forme anomique (anomie sociale). Les résultats suggèrent que les réseaux sociaux des aidants sont soumis à un ensemble de conditions favorisant la structuration du stigma social, la principale condition étant un enjeu de pouvoir concernant le contrôle de la personne malade. Les aidants conjoints de personnes atteintes sont plus enclins à la stigmatisation en début de trajectoire. / Aging populations in western societies contribute to the raise of chronic illnesses such as Alzheimer disease. The issue of aging also echoes in recent political reforms and more generally in the way we manage public services. In this context, Quebec’s public health regime has known diverse modifications concerning “first line caregiving” (soins de première ligne). New actors of the public system have acquired roles and responsibilities defining particular issues. We address one of these issues. This research aims at specifying the social processes inherent to the isolation of family caregivers helping a relative suffering from Alzheimer disease. The stigmatization process and related microprocesses are the principal mechanisms analysed. The data derives from in-depth, semi-structured interviews, realised with a cohort of sixty family caregivers followed longitudinally since the beginning of their care trajectories. A qualitative scheme bears out our investigation. We have analysed a sample of twelve participants using a sequential approach. Three typical processes were identified: social separation, transitory stigma and social anomia. Results suggest that the caregivers’ support networks are subjected to a setting of conditions structuring social stigma, the recurrent condition being an issue of power implying the social control of the ill relative. Caregivers who also are the spouses of the ill relative are the most inclined to stigmatization in early trajectory.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.