探討Instagram對品牌體驗及廣告效果之影響：以高中生為例 / Having a presence on social mobile applications has become a popular marketing strategy for brands. Instagram, a photo-sharing and video-sharing social mobile application became the second largest social network site in the US in 2014 (eMarketer, 2015). Its image-intensive and social interactive nature provides brands a perfect environment for marketing. However, does it help brands to improve the brand experience? Is it a good platform for enhancing advertisement effectiveness? This study aims at exploring Instagram’s influence on brand experience and advertisement effectiveness. Four brands were chosen in this study, they are Nike, Starbucks, Hollister, and BMW. Senior high school students in Taiwan were chosen as the participants of this study. Quasi-experiment and Latin square design were used in this research to explore the influence of Instagram on these senior high school students. The four brands’ Instagram contents were taken as experimental treatment. Students completed measurements in both controlled condition and experimental condition. The result of these two conditions was compared to see Instagram’s influence on brand experience and advertisement effectiveness. The results showed that Instagram significantly improved students’ overall brand experience towards Nike and Starbucks. Instagram also improved the overall advertisement effectiveness of Starbucks and Hollister. However, the Instagram contents of BMW did not have any influence on improving students’ brand experience or advertisement effectiveness. Moreover, participants’ purchase intention toward the four brands was also not affected by Instagram. Based on the insight of this study, Instagram did help improve the brand experience and advertisement effectiveness for some brands. These brands were mostly the apparel and food & beverage brands which was welcomed among younger audiences. Brands that participants were most familiar with were also successful in improving its brand experience on Instagram. Instagram contents that participants can relate to were most influential in improving the advertisement effectiveness. Brands that were less familiar with participants could also gain success on Instagram by providing the right contents. Therefore, when marketing brands among senior high school students in Taiwan, brand types, strengths of brand, and the force of pull from familiarity are crucial on improving their brand experience and advertisement effectiveness on Instagram.

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Syfte: Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka utvecklingen av sinnesmarknadsföring genom att ta reda på hur det används av företag inom dagligvarubranschen.   Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Fem intervjuer och tio observationer utfördes som metod i undersökningen. Intervjuerna utfördes på fem anställda på olika dagligvarubutiker i Solna, och samma butiker observerades under två tillfällen. Urvalet valdes utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval.   Slutsatser: Sinnesmarknadsföring är ett relativt okänt begrepp. Synen är människans största sinne och därför riktas marknadsföringen främst mot visuella uttryck. I den här undersökningen har det visat sig att lukten är ett lika viktigt sinne, eftersom att dofter har förmågan att väcka minnen och även stimulera de övriga sinnena. ICA Maxi var den enda butik av samtliga undersökta, som skapade en multisensorisk varumärkesupplevelse där alla sinnen samarbetade. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine Sensory marketing by finding out how it is used by companies in the retail industry. Method: The study has a qualitative research strategy. Five interviews and ten observations were carried out as method for the research. The interviews were conducted with five employee at various grocery stores in Solna, the stores were also observed during two occasions. They were selected based on a convenience sample. Conclusion: Sensory marketing is a relatively unknown term. The sight is our biggest sense, therefore are marketers primarily targeting visual expressions. This study has shown that the smell is an important sense, because its ability to evoke memories and stimulate the other senses as well. ICA Maxi was the only store of all investigated who had created a multisensory brand experience where all senses cooperated.

Prekių ženklas yra vienas iš svarbiausių įmonių aktyvų. Tačiau jo reikšmė elektroninėje erdvėje vertinama nevienareikšmiškai. Nors yra daug mokslinių darbų apie prekių ženklo svarbą elektroninėje erdvėje, tačiau pasigendama literatūros apie jo kūrimą ir stiprinimą, taip pat ir rinkodaros srities žinovų apie galimybes, būdus ir priemones ššiam procesui įgyvendinti. ŠŠią spragą stengiasi padengti atskirų rinkodaros priemonių efektyvumo vertinimo, prekių ženklo vertės kūrimo moksliniai tyrimai. Magistro darbo tikslas – įvertinti elektroninės rinkodaros priemonių, taikomų prekių ženklo kūrimo ir stiprinimo procese, svarbą prekių ženklo patirčiai ir konversijai į pardavimus Lietuvos elektroninio verslo įmonių atveju. / Brand is one of most important business intangible assets. But its meaning in cyberspace in ambiguous. Although there are many studies on the importance of brand in cyberspace, but there is a lack of literature on its building and enhancement, as well as expertise in the area of marketing opportunities, ways, means and tools to implement this process. Master theses aim is to evaluate electronic marketing tools used in brand building and enhancement importance for the brand experience and conversion in case of Lithuanian electronic business.

此研究的目的是為了幫助企業更深入的了解並運用遊戲化機制，來達到提升品牌體驗及品牌忠誠度的目的。首先，此研究定義了定位系統結合遊戲化機制的七個設計元素：逃避、面對、幻想、技能提升、娛樂、競爭、社交、定位性，然後定義了品牌體驗的四個面向，包括：感官、情感、 知性、行為。 此研究採用準實驗設計，最後收集了來自238參與者的問卷，並且分別搜集了使用者對定位系統結合遊戲化機制的遊戲體驗前及體驗後對於品牌忠誠度的差異來做探討以及分析。 研究結果發現：1）定位系統結合遊戲化機制的方式可以改變使用者對於品牌的認知，2）幻想、娛樂、社交、定位性此四個設計元素對於品牌體驗有很大的影響力，3）情感體驗以及知性體驗這兩個面向的品牌體驗對於品牌忠誠度有很大的關聯性。 企業採用定位系統結合遊戲化機制的方式時，應重視應用程序的設計元素，並了解每一個設計元素對於使用者內心以及行為模式的影響。 / The objective of this study is to help enterprises to better understand the use of location-based gamification to enhance brand experience and brand loyalty. Frist, the study identified the design elements of location-based gamification as: escape, coping, fantasy, skill development, recreation, competition, social and location-base. Then, four dimensions of brand experience were identified, these experiences include: sensory, affective, intellectual and behavioral experiences. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study collected data from 238 participants who join the testing program with pre and post-test of the effects of a designed location-based gamification application. The results show that 1) the use of location-based gamification can change user perception of the brand, 2) the design elements of Fantasy, Recreation, Social and Location-Base have a strong association with the brand experience and 3) dimensions of affective and intellectual experience are strongly linked with brand loyalty. Organizations adopting location based gamification should pay attention to the design elements of the application and understand its impact on various aspects of user behavior

Un grand nombre d'études abordant le thème de la contrefaçon traite le comportement de consommation de l'article contrefait. Mais peu de recherches s'intéressent au consommateur de la marque de luxe lorsque celle-ci fait l'objet de contrefaçon. Ce travail doctoral vise à contribuer à ce niveau en étudiant les principaux aspects du comportement d'achat de la marque de luxe légitime. Cette recherche passe par l'identification et la mesure de l'insensibilité à la contrefaçon, nouveau concept développé au cours de ce travail, puis par l'étude de l'expérience de la marque et des variables relationnelles à la marque. L'intérêt de cette étude s'inscrit dans la contribution aux recherches sur la contrefaçon et plus précisément dans l'étude du comportement de consommation des articles originaux de la marque de luxe. D'un autre côté, le rapprochement avec l'expérience de marque ou encore avec la relation à la marque n'a pas pu être faite jusqu'à présent dans des recherches traitant de la contrefaçon, d'où l'intérêt de se pencher sur ces deux aspects importants de la marque de luxe. En termes méthodologiques, nous proposons tout d'abord une mesure de la réaction du consommateur de la marque de luxe légitime, à savoir l'échelle de l'insensibilité à la contrefaçon. Ensuite, nous mettons en place une modélisation sur PLS qui englobe les différents concepts étudiés. La capacité du modèle à refléter des relations complexes représente un apport méthodologique important. Au niveau managérial, il s'agit de contrer la contrefaçon en valorisant la marque de luxe. L'apport principal de cette recherche réside donc dans le management de la marque de luxe en elle-même. Nous suggérons aux gestionnaires de la marque de luxe de mieux choisir leurs actions marketing dans un contexte de contrefaçon. Favoriser l'immersion dans l'univers de la marque, impliquer le consommateur et renforcer sa relation avec la marque, ou encore cibler plus particulièrement les prescripteurs et les leaders d'opinion, seraient des moyens efficaces pour renforcer la fidélité du consommateur à sa marque de luxe et ce, malgré la présence de contrefaçon. / A large number of studies on counterfeiting explore consumers behavior in the consumption of counterfeit articles. But few of them consider luxury brand consumers and counterfeiting. Our doctoral study attempts to contribute to this field by studying principal aspects of luxury brand buying behavior. Our research aims to identify and measure insensitivity to counterfeiting which is a new concept developed in this study. Brand experience and relationship brand variables will also be considered. Our study contributes to counterfeiting's researches, and more precisely to researches on consumption of legitimate products. On the other side, the connection with brand experience or the relationships with the luxury brand have not been undertaken in counterfeiting researches which leads us to considerate these two important aspects of the luxury brand. Concerning the methodological facet, we first propose the measure of consumer's reaction toward counterfeiting, namely insensitivity to counterfeiting. Then, we perform a PLS model that includes all concepts studied and specifies complex links between concepts. In a managerial way, we propose to counter counterfeiting by focusing on the luxury brand itself. We suggest for luxury brand managers to choose the appropriate marketing tool. Immersion in brand universe, consumer implication or focusing on opinion leaders, are good ways to enhance consumer's loyalty, despite the presence of counterfeiting.

Vetskapen om att människans fem sinnen, syn, ljud, känsel, lukt och smak, kan påverkas genom att stimuleras på olika sätt har tagits i beaktning vid utformningen av marknadsföringsverktyget kallat sinnesmarknadsföring. Sinnesmarknadsföring beskrivs som ett framväxande paradigm inom marknadsföringsområdet. Stimulering av sinnena kan bidra till skapandet av helt nya sinnesupplevelser för kunden i den fysiska butiksmiljön. En butiksatmosfärs utformning som har sin utgångspunkt i människans fem sinnen kan påverka kundens beteende och skapa konkurrensfördelar. En stor mängd av den forskning och de studier som genomförts inom ämnet sinnesmarknadsföring undersöker hur kunden blir påverkad av olika sinnesstimuli och hur sinnesstimuli kan användas. En kunskapslucka gällande hur sinnesmarknadsföring faktiskt används i fysiska butiksmiljöer inom detaljhandelsbranschen identifierades. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att skapa förståelse för hur mikroföretag använder sinnesmarknadsföring i den fysiska butiksmiljön. Vid insamlingen av empiriska data användes en kvalitativ metod och fem intervjuer genomfördes med butiksägare eller anställda som ansvarar för utformningen av en butiksmiljö inom detaljhandelsbranschen. Resultaten visar att flexibilitet är ett nyckelord när det kommer till mikroföretagens utformning av sinnesupplevelser i butiksmiljön. Det har även framgått att vid utformandet av butiksmiljön prioriteras i huvudsak strategier gällande tre av de fyra sinnena som undersökts i denna studie; syn, ljud och känsel. Den styrande faktorn som påverkar arbetet med sinnesupplevelserna i butiksmiljön är visionen för hur butiksatmosfären ska vara och upplevas av företagets kunder. Slutsatsen är att mikroföretag trots sin ringa storlek kan skapa och anpassa sinnesupplevelser utifrån de egna förutsättningarna och sin vision för butiksatmosfären för att differentiera sig. / The knowledge that the five human senses; sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, are affected in different ways by stimulation has been taken into account in the making of the marketing tool called sensory marketing. Within the marketing area, sensory marketing is described as an emerging paradigm. Stimulating the senses can lead to the creation of entirely new sensory experiences for the customer in a physical store environment. A store atmosphere based on the five human senses can affect the customer’s behavior and create competitive advantages. A large amount of the former research and studies made on sensory marketing focuses on how the customer may be affected by different sensory cues and how sensory cues can be used. A gap in knowledge has been identified regarding how sensory marketing is actually used in a physical retail store environment. The purpose of this thesis is to create a deeper level of understanding in regard to how micro-enterprises apply sensory marketing in their physical store environment. The empirical data has been collected adopting a qualitative method and five interviews have been conducted with business-owners or employees that are in charge of the environment in a retail store. Results show that flexibility is a keyword in regards to how the micro-enterprises creates the sensory experiences in the store environment. It also showed that when the store environment is created, three of the four senses studied in this thesis are prioritized; sight, hearing and touch. The determining factor that affects the creation of the sensory experiences in the store environment is the vision that states how the store atmosphere should be and be perceived by customers of the company. The conclusion is that although the micro-enterprises may be small in size they can create and adapt their sensory experiences based on their own conditions and their visions for the store atmosphere in order to differentiate themselves.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore video brand storytelling’s affect on the antecedents of brand perceptions. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study has a qualitative and an exploratory nature. The data collection method is in-depth semi-structured interviews. The authors conducted a pre-study in order to gain more knowledge about the topic , and enhance the operationalization for the main data collection method. Findings: The study concludes that video brand storytelling and its elements affect all the brand perceptions’ antecedents. Video brand storytelling is proved to be a powerful tool in content marketing since it can positively affect, even when consumers' perceptions towards the story are negative. A new antecedent of brand perceptions is proposed. Furthermore, a new element of video brand storytelling is also created. This study goes even deeper by connecting each of the elements of brand storytelling to the brand perceptions’ antecedents. Managerial and Theoretical contribution: This paper can be of great value to marketers and practitioners, since they will get suggestions about video brand storytelling’s use, in order to affect consumers as intended. The theoretical contributions of this study are also of great value since videos, brand storytelling and brand perceptions were never researched in the same context. New concepts and a new model are created, which can be a basis for future research. Quality: To add quality and validity to this study the authors include detailed processes through all the paper and provide thick descriptions and explanations.

El siguiente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la relación entre el brand experience, la satisfacción y el brand loyalty en clientes de restaurantes temáticos de Lima Metropolitana. Para realizar este estudio se utilizaron herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas con una muestra de 150 personas que viven en Lima y que son clientes frecuentes de los restaurantes temáticos. Dicha investigación es importante analizar puesto que, al conocer la importancia del Brand experience en el rubro gastronómico, este puede ayudar a las marcas a obtener valor agregado que les permita diferenciarlas de sus competidores. / The following research work aims to demonstrate the relationship between brand experience, satisfaction and brand loyalty in clients of themed restaurants in Metropolitan Lima. To carry out this study, qualitative and quantitative tools were used with a sample of 150 people who live in Lima and who are frequent customers of themed restaurants. This research is important to analyze since, by knowing the importance of Brand experience in the gastronomic sector, it can help brands to obtain added value that allows them to differentiate them from their competitors. / Trabajo de investigación

A través de la evolución de los formatos retail y las modalidades de venta, muchas marcas de moda juvenil de Lima Metropolitana han adaptado el formato de sus tiendas, en función a ofrecer una experiencia diferente e innovadora con el objetivo de generar mayor intención de compra. A partir de lo anterior, es que se decidió por realizar un análisis que busca conocer la relación entre las“Pop-up stores” con la experiencia de marca y la intención de compra. Esta, fue investigada por medio de un tipo de investigación correlacional concluyente, con el fin de obtener la relación entre las variables en las que se enfoca la investigación. Se elaboró un cuestionario dirigido a una muestra representativa, quienes han visitado o tienen conocimiento del formato de tienda en mención, cuyos resultados fueron analizados a partir de pruebas estadísticas correlacionales para validar las hipótesis planteadas en la investigación. / Through the evolution of retail formats and sales modalities, many youth fashions brands in Lima Metropolitana have adapted the format of their stores, in order to offer a different and innovative experience with the aim of generating greater purchase intention. Based on the above, it was decided to carry out an analysis that seeks to find the relationship between the "Pop-up stores" with the brand experience and the purchase intention. This was investigated through a conclusive correlational type of research, in order to obtain the relationship between the variables on which the research focuses on. A questionnaire was prepared for a representative sample, who have visited or knows about the pop-up store format, which had results that were analyzed from correlational statistical tests to validate the hypotheses raised in the research. / Trabajo de investigación