設備供應商在顯示器產業的市場競爭與策略: 以應用材料為例 / Flat panel display (FPD) is one of the most booming industries in the past decade. It shows everywhere in our life, such as TV, smartphone, laptop, car display, and public display. In the FPD plants, the manufacturing equipment is the critical portion to determine the performance of the production lines. Equipment suppliers combine advanced technologies into mass production tools, and eventually boost the innovation of information technology. In this thesis we will discuss about the market of display industry and the equipment market, followed by analysis of the strategy of equipment suppliers. We will use Applied Materials as the case, to see what their strategy to keep the leading position in the competitive market for over 20 years.

本研究旨在透過探索式的討論，輔以對個案A公司在市場導向經營策略變革之分析，探討當前我國電子產業經營之現況與發展前景。本文研究目的主要有三：（一）從台灣電子產業發展現況的回顧中，歸納出國內外市場環境之機會與挑戰；（二）彙整企業轉型關鍵因素之理論及其實際操作方式；（三）利用個案研究探討企業轉型在市場導向經營活動之實際應用與啟示。研究發現，企業面臨經營上之盲點而欲尋求突破時，無論是策略規劃之重新定位、分析企業內外在市場環境變化等資訊，進而重新評估經營策略與方向等，均有賴經營者果決而明智之策略選擇。因此，「經營者的策略敏銳及其參與程度」為企業轉型成功的關鍵因素，而轉型策略選擇之好壞，更將明顯提升或傷害企業的產業競爭力。不過，要建立起有利於永續競爭優位之市場導向經營策略，仍需企業在管理、組織以及產品等企業內外要素的配合才能順利完成。 / This research aims to analyze the business strategy for PC industries by exploring discuss and A corporation’s market-driven business activities. This research includes following three purposes: First of all, to sum up domestic and international chances and challenges by reviewing development of PC industries in Taiwan; secondly, to clarify theories and practices of key factors of business transformation; thirdly, to explore application and implication of business transformation in case study of market-driven business activities. Research result shows that, when a corporation faces difficulties wanted to overcome, it does need business manager to make a definite and wise decision to reset plan, analyze market information, and re-evaluate business strategy. In other words, “degree of strategic sensitivity and participation for a manager” undoubtedly is the key factor of business transformation affecting its capability of competition. Anyway, this goal of making sustainable predominance strategy couldn’t be made unless combining with domestic and outside factors of management, organization, and production.

長期以來，商業交易多半是單純為取得某種物品或權利，由交易雙方協商並訂立合約，如買方為取得房地而願給付價金，賣方為取得金錢乃願出售房屋。然而二十世紀之後，經濟型態的轉變為交易的內容帶來了重大的轉變，智慧財產權的讓與或授權交易漸趨熱門，在商業經營中時時刻刻上演。如同典型的交易一樣，就取得權利者而言，其願意將所有的專利、商標、著作權等權利加以利用，以獲取金錢利益；反之，欲利用者則透過與權利擁有者訂立合約的方式，將之利用於所生產的商品或服務，增加其邊際效用，獲取更大的利潤。 在此背景之下，智慧財產的讓與或是授權，其交易的型態與方式漸行複雜，對於企業的經營更是有著決定性的影響，加上智慧財產權，可說是法律所創設出來的權利，其異於傳統財產實體的特質，更難以令習慣傳統交易的我們加以掌握，因此有深入研究的必要，本論文即基於此背景，開始關於智慧財產諸多活動中的一個課題-「授權」活動展開研究。 因此，本篇論文研究有以下的目的： 一、 從高科技產業獨特的環境去瞭解智慧財產授權所扮演的角色。 二、 智慧財產授權對於高科技企業經營策略之影響與作用，反之，高科技經營策略之擬定後，是否可以傑由授權達成其目的。 三、 高科技企業在面臨智慧財產授權契約談判時，應如何爭取最佳利益。 四、 高科技企業營運策略中，關於簽訂授權契約可能引發的法律相關議題應如何面對。 本研究即基於上述目的，從法律面及商業管理的角度去探討智慧財產授權活動所引發企業經營的策略意涵，以三個層次分別來說明：一、企業經營層次；二、授權契約談判層次；三、相關法律議題層次。透過三個層次的分析與歸納，本研究針對高科技企業之經營與智慧財產權授權的策略運用提出下列數點之建議： （一） 智慧財產授權是一個複雜的領域，涉及法律、管理、技術等面向，因此我國高科技企業必須走出權利金追索與授權的泥沼中，重新架構授權與企業的經營策略。 （二） 我國高科技企業若欲藉由授權活動予以獲利，則最重要的是將企業轉型為真正的知識型企業，持續研發，蓄積優質的智慧財產權，如此才能將智慧財產授權活動的功用發揮到最大。 （三） 企業應培養相關智慧財產權授權相關人才，並考量是否建制一個獨立的智慧財產授權部門。 （四） 授權契約的簽訂將會影響企業未來研發的發展方向，因此建議企業於簽署授權契約時，必須考量企業本身是否可以自行研發該技術，或是其他替代性技術的可行性，切勿因為被國外的企業一警告，即簽署智慧財產權的授權契約。 （五） 反之，既然專利訴訟需耗費大量的人力、物力、時間與金錢，因此面對專利侵權訴訟時，應考量接受授權的可能性，授權所付出的成本與進行訴訟的成本相較後取其較低者。但是需注意的是，縱使獲得他人授權，然亦不代表會侵害第三人之專利，換言之獲得一家企業的授權，並不表示已經一勞永逸的無侵權可能性。故建議企業在接受專利授權時，必須詳細的評估該專利的範圍。 （六） 授權與智慧財產的保護與執行有緊密的關係，因此企業應加強智慧財產的保護與執行，才可以降低授權活動所面臨的風險。 （七） 智慧財產授權，基於智慧財產的無形性的特性而生，與傳統的有形財產有迥然不同的性質，善加利用智慧財產權的特性，將可使企業擺脫傳統的營業模式，邁向新的獲利境界。建議企業應重新的審視自己所有的智慧資產，加以稽核與評估，結合本研究所提出的授權策略架構，重新思索企業的營運方向與智慧資產的利用是否完善，有效的提升企業的競爭地位，創造更多的經營優勢。

En marknadsförändring innebär utmaningar för de företag som verkar på marknaden, eftersom de då måste anpassa sig till nya marknadsförhållanden, ny konkurrenssituation och liknande. Denna studie har haft som syfte att undersöka vilka utmaningar företag upplever när de utvecklar sina affärsmodeller. Detta har undersökts genom att läsa på om teori kring ämnet och intervjuer med representanter från elmarknaden i Sverige. Teorin visade att flera olika koncept kan kopplas samman till en övergripande bild där en förändring är katalysatorn. Fyra aspekter kring utmaningar kunde tas fram baserat på tidigare forskning, dessa är: (1) organisationen är inte van vid förändringsledning; (2) organisation är van vid förändringsledning; (3) ledningen vet inte hur de ska påbörja arbetet med BMI; och (4) ledningen vet hur de ska påbörja arbetet med BMI. Resultatet från intervjuerna visade att litteraturen återspeglas i verkligheten, då informanterna beskrev flera koncept från litteraturen. Informanternas organisationer kunde placeras i de aspekter som tagits fram, och baserat på tidigare forskning kunde hanteringsförslag på dessa utmaningar tas fram, några av dessa som informanterna redan applicerat (men ännu inte fullt ut). / A market change comes with challenges for the organisations which operate on that market, since they must adjust to the new market conditions, a new competitive situation and such. The purpose of this study was to examine which challenges organisations experience when they develop their business models. This was performed by doing a literature review as well as interviews with representatives from the electric market in Sweden. The result from the literature review showed that multiple concepts can be connected to form an encompassing view with the change as the catalyst. Four aspects regarding challenges could be developed based on previous research: (1) he organisation is not used to change management; (2) the organisation is used to change management; (3) management does not know how to start working with BMI; and (4) management knows how to start working with BMI. The result from the interviews showed that the literature was reflected in reality, since the informants described several concepts from the literature. The informants’ organisations could be placed in the aspects which had been developed and based on previous research suggestions of how to handle these challenges could be developed, some of which the informants had already applied (but not fully, yet).

Submitted by Fabricio Cervantes de Aquino (fabricio2031@gmail.com) on 2014-02-11T04:08:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A DISSERTAÇÃO_FABRICIO AQUINO FINAL_PÓS DEFESA.pdf: 18367048 bytes, checksum: c7d75f64cd0f531c04bb510895779b95 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-02-11T17:20:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A DISSERTAÇÃO_FABRICIO AQUINO FINAL_PÓS DEFESA.pdf: 18367048 bytes, checksum: c7d75f64cd0f531c04bb510895779b95 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-02-12T16:41:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A DISSERTAÇÃO_FABRICIO AQUINO FINAL_PÓS DEFESA.pdf: 18367048 bytes, checksum: c7d75f64cd0f531c04bb510895779b95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-12T16:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A DISSERTAÇÃO_FABRICIO AQUINO FINAL_PÓS DEFESA.pdf: 18367048 bytes, checksum: c7d75f64cd0f531c04bb510895779b95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / A implantação e expansão do modelo operacional de 'serviços compartilhados' ocupam um lugar de destaque na atual estratégia de muitas empresas multinacionais, o que demonstra seu valor e sucesso como mecanismo de redução de desperdícios e de aumento da eficiência e da eficácia na execução das atividades organizacionais. Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de investigar problemas que podem comprometer o sucesso deste modelo partindo de alguma hipóteses levantadas pelo autor com base em sua observações e vivência profissional. Para atender ao objetivo deste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre os temas estratégia e relação matriz-subsidiária, a fim de compreender os diferentes fatores que influenciam os papéis desempenhados pelas subsidiárias com relação às matrizes. Estes temas foram selecionados em virtude das revelações do campo. Com base neste referencial teórico, foram selecionadas algumas tipologias como critério de análise para a investigação empírica das práticas na empresa selecionada. A metodologia utilizada engloba um estudo de caso único. É feita uma análise dos resultados encontrados na pesquisa baseando-se no referencial teórico selecionado na tipologia. Com base no caso estudado, é possível afirmar que a relação matriz-subsidiária impacta diretamente no sucesso deste modelo em empresas multinacionais. / The implementation and expansion of the operational model of 'shared services' occupies a prominent place in the current strategy of many multinational companies, which demonstrates the value and success of this model which is presented as a mechanism for reducing waste and increasing efficiency and effectiveness in the execution of organizational activities. This dissertation aims to investigate problems that could jeopardize the success of this model starting from some hypothesis raised by the author based on his observations and professional experience. To meet the objective of this study, a literature review on and strategy and subsidiary-headquarter relationship was performed in order to understand the different factors that influence the roles played by subsidiaries with respect to the central office. These topics were selected because of the revelations of the field research. From this theoretical framework, some typologies have been selected as criteria for analysis to the empirical investigation of the practices in the selected company. The methodology covers a single case study. Finally, an analysis of the results found in front of the theoretical framework on selected typologies. Based on the analysis, it can be confirmed that the headquarters - subsidiary relationship directly impacts the success of this model in multinational companies.

Submitted by Adilson Carlos Yoshikuni (ayoshikuni@terra.com.br) on 2015-02-23T16:00:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ADILSON CARLOS YOSHIKUNI - VERSÃO FINAL 2015.pdf: 2549097 bytes, checksum: 43733adc5b91f417388258f17fe24885 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2015-02-23T16:31:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ADILSON CARLOS YOSHIKUNI - VERSÃO FINAL 2015.pdf: 2549097 bytes, checksum: 43733adc5b91f417388258f17fe24885 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-23T17:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ADILSON CARLOS YOSHIKUNI - VERSÃO FINAL 2015.pdf: 2549097 bytes, checksum: 43733adc5b91f417388258f17fe24885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-04 / Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da Tecnologia de Informação (TI) no Desempenho Empresarial sob o direcionamento da Estratégia de Negócio. A pesquisa faz um estudo específico da TI pelo alinhamento estratégico da tecnologia na integração, uso e benefícios da TI ao negócio e a influência nas diversas perspectivas de desempenho da firma. A estratégia recebe o recorte na pesquisa da orientação estratégica ao impactar a integração da TI ao negócio. O estudo utilizou da técnica de modelagem em equações estruturais com estimação PLS-PM (Partial Least Squares Path Modeling) num estudo empírico de 222 empresas. Os resultados indicam influência da TI no desempenho empresarial, ao explicar a variabilidade de 34,1% do desempenho de aprendizado & crescimento, 46.1% do desempenho do processo interno, 44,7% do desempenho do mercado, e 32,7% do desempenho financeiro. O estudo possibilitou explicar 74,1% da variabilidade do uso e benefícios da TI à estratégia e os processos de negócio e os diversos efeitos da TI no desempenho empresarial, além de destacar a importância e ênfase dada pelas empresas às variáveis da orientação estratégica. O modelo possibilitou explicar a variabilidade das várias perspectivas do desempenho e sugere outras formas de mensurar a adoção e uso da tecnologia nas organizações. / This study aims to evaluate the influence of Information Technology (IT) in the Firm Performance under orientation of Business Strategy. The research is a specific cut of the IT strategic alignment of technology integration, use and value of IT to the business and influences several of the firm's performances perspectives. The business strategy gets cut in the study of strategic orientation to impact the IT integration to strategy and business processes. The research used the technique of structural equations modeling with the PLS-PM an empirical study of 222 companies. The results show the influence of IT on business performance, in explaining the variability of 34.1 % of learning & growth performance, 46.1 % of the internal process performance, 44.7 % of market performance, and 32.7 % of the performance financial. The results show the influence of IT on firm performance and the impact of the strategy on integration, use and value of IT to strategy and business processes. The study explains 74.1% of the variability of the use and strategy value of IT and business processes, and the various effects of IT on firm performance. In addition, the study demonstrated the importance and emphasis given by the companies in the strategy orientation aspects. The model made IT possible to explain the variability of various performance perspectives, and suggests other ways to measure the adoption and IT use in the organizations.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 62726.pdf.jpg: 18196 bytes, checksum: 558b790773d94db0c4ce997701c78923 (MD5) 62726.pdf: 538096 bytes, checksum: 6755fbe7f51741784933c27c9cdfb9da (MD5) 62726.pdf.txt: 259836 bytes, checksum: 9eb6d2c55312c0480227a284a62d4d8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-01T00:00:00Z / É crescente a importância do Terceiro Setor no Brasil e no mundo. Esse Setor, que emerge e se consolida como importante agente econômico e social, assume destaque tanto por sua atuação direta na solução de problemas sociais, como na discussão de políticas sociais efetivas e duradouras. Buscou-se, nesse estudo, a partir do conhecimento em estratégia empresarial e de pesquisa empírica, oferecer contribuições para o entendimento dos fenômenos no Terceiro Setor no Brasil. No início desse trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão teórica a respeito do planejamento estratégico e de estratégias emergentes. Analisados em profundidade, esses dois conceitos formaram o quadro de referência inicial da pesquisa. Em seguida, foi realizada uma ampla revisão teórica sobre os estudos no Terceiro Setor, na perspectiva da estratégia empresarial. A partir da revisão teórica, chegou-se à primeira contribuição deste estudo: a definição de um quadro de referência de pesquisa que destaca cinco aspectos importantes para se entender o processo de formação da estratégia em organizações não-governamentais (ONGs). São eles: o processo de profissionalização das ONGs e a adoção do planejamento estratégico formal; a competição entre instituições do Terceiro Setor; o papel da liderança; as redes de ONGs; e a emersão de estratégias. Utilizando-se a metodologia de estudo de casos múltiplos (YIN, 2001), foram pesquisadas, em profundidade, duas ONGs. Nos dois estudos de caso, foi analisada a formação das estratégias ao longo da existência das ONGs, com foco nos cinco aspectos destacados na revisão da literatura. A partir das pesquisas, realizou-se uma análise crítica da teoria, à luz dos dados empíricos levantados através do trabalho de campo, o que resultou na segunda contribuição importante deste estudo: a confirmação de alguns aspectos apontados pela revisão teórica – como a emersão de estratégias e o papel da liderança – e o refinamento teórico de outros – como a formação de redes; o processo de profissionalização e planejamento; e a competição entre as ONGs. / The Third Sector is increasingly important in Brazil and all over the world. The Sector, which has emerged and established itself as an important economic and social agent, gained importance due to its direct action in solving social problems and discussing effective, long-lasting social policies. Based on knowledge of business strategy and empirical research, this study aims at contributing to the understanding of Third Sector phenomena in Brazil. This effort started with a theoretical survey of strategic planning and of emergent strategies. An in-depth analysis of these two concepts comprised the initial framework for the research. Afterwards, a wide-ranging theoretical review of Third Sector studies was conducted from a business strategy point of view. Such theoretical review yielded the first important contribution provided by the present study: the setting of a framework for research, which highlighted five important aspects for understanding the process of strategy development within nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). These are: the process of professionalization of NGOs and their adoption of formal strategic planning; competition between Third Sector institutions; the leadership role; NGO networks; and the emergent strategies. By means of a multiple-case study (YIN, 2001), two NGOs have been thoroughly researched. Both case studies analyzed the development of strategies over the course of the NGOs' existence, focusing on the five aspects that were highlighted during the literature review. Based upon the previous research, a critical analysis was then conducted, taking into account empirical data collected during field research, which led to the second important contribution made by this study: the confirmation of certain aspects that had been outlined during the theoretical review – such as the development of emergent strategies and the leadership role –, as well as a further theoretical elaboration of other aspects – such as network formation; professionalization and formal planning; and the competition between NGOs.

The following study about the economic performance of the Johannesburg’s small Internet service providers investigates the economic performance of the small Internet providers against the backdrop of regulatory conditions. The study departs from the view point that reports about previous studies have not given particular attention to the economic performance of the small Internet service providers and other impacting factors. The study employed the qualitative research approach with an aim of obtaining deeper understanding and internal view as reiterated by the respondents. The analysis presented follows a guide by Neuman (2006) which departs from the premises of themes or concepts. The results of this study provide a perspective of respondents and the conclusions drawn by the researcher. The study ends by providing suggestions and recommendations for future studies. Suggestions and recommendations provided at the end have been prompted by the results and experiences encountered during the study. / M.A. (Communication Science)

Organisations do not know how to effectively employ information systems to their benefit because business and information system(IS) decisions are not aligned and due to a lack of understanding of the different types of IS decisions. The objectives of the study were stated as follows: • To confirm the existence of a relationship between business and information system decisions. A review of the literature supported the notion that IS decisions need to be aligned with business decisions. • To clarify the link between IS strategy and structural decisions. The study introduced a framework that suggested that to facilitate the link between business and IS decisions the respective strategy components need to be linked and that IS structural components will primarily be determined by IS strategy components. Information systems have become a strategic resource for all organisations and, not only is it perceived a very important competitive factor, but the importance will increase in the years to come. Organisations spend large amounts of money on information "':> systems. There is also the expectation that IS should CQ!ltribute_ to the achieve,£1:enμi, business goals and the overall financial performance of the company. Most senior executives believe that the amount of money invested in information systems and technology cannot be justified based on it's perceived contribution to the achievement of organisational objectives! Considerable effort was made to identify the relevant business strategy, IS strategy, and IS structural components. The business strategy components identified were selected specifically for their competitive focus. The population selected included the top companies in South Africa based on financial performance. The basis for the decision was that successful companies would link business and IS decisions and they would understand the intrinsic differences between IS strategy and structure components. / Business Leadership / D. B. L. (Business Leadership)

The aim of this thesis was to prepare an analysis of the business environment and companie tranding in goods and products for dental hygiene. The operational objective was to assess the development of business opportunities in this field, focusing on short-term and long-term prosperity of the business and possibly adjust the current business strategy. In preparing the analyzes, it was found that the company hadn´t developed a strategy, but it only works with the visions, both in the market, property, economy and human resources. The proposed new strategy is a combination of market-oriented strategy and customer oriented strategy.