Economic and trade exchanges have become more and more frequent between China and Taiwan in recent years. After decades of confrontation, it is finally evident that a tighter ice-breaking relationship exists now between the two governments reinforced by an inseparable historical relationship between the two peoples. Accordingly, both governments have established responsible organizations - the Mainland Affairs Council and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits ¡V to coordinate and solve the demands of the people. As a result of positive changes in policy, one of the main expected benefits amongst more commercial opportunities are the cross-strait direct flights. In recent years, difficult times have hit Taiwan's airline industry coming initially from a highly competitive domestic airline environment, followed by the establishment of the High-Speed Rail system and further dragged down from the Financial Crisis. The result was a reduction in market share and revenues far below the levels in its boom years forcing players to reduce the number of flights and routes to various parts within Taiwan and shutdown of one of the major domestic airlines. However, after the announcement and release of the new cross-strait direct-flight policy, Taiwan's airline industry is expected to recover from this depression and come to life. Nevertheless, the most significant issue is how the Taiwanese airlines will implement their marketing strategies to establish a strong position for themselves within the Taiwan market. Therefore, this study aims Therefore, this study aims to use a case study approach to analyze cross-strait direct-flight strategies, and it is hoped that this research can be used as a reference for airlines to establish their strategic planning and an appropriate business model for the future. The process and abstract of this research are as follows: 1) Gain a clear understanding of direct-flight policy and analyze the current status of the airlines industry 2) Analyze market potential and business opportunities for the airline industry arising from the direct-flight policy 3) Evaluate prevailing growth strategies for the airline industry moving forward 4) Case Study of China Airlines: Operating Performance and Industry Environmental Analysis 5) Study and provide recommendations on cross-strait direct-flight strategies for China Airlines

This study departed from a research basis being somewhat lacking in the context of green building certification and especially the two-folded problem, regarding the characteristics of the network of business relationships and how an energy supply company should exploit opportunities in this network context and its relationships. As such, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyse the network context and its business relationship characteristics, as well as to present recommendations of how an energy supply company can engage green building certification and cope with the business relationships in order to exploit business opportunities. Based on previous research regarding the real estate industry, energy service industry and the construction industry, a well-founded literature base could be extended further by applying theoretical concepts related to business relationship elements and strategy-making. The nature of green building certification and to fulfil the purpose of the study, called for a qualitative research strategy performed through a multiple-case study design. This led to the investigation of four certification projects, subject to certifications in the systems of EU GreenBuilding and Miljöbyggnad, where the most important actors, relationships and project contents constitute the empirical data. The findings of this thesis suggest that the relationships are characterized as having a short-term focus and an avoidance to become interdependent. In this manner elements such as commitment and adaptation are shown as rather shallow, where actions of commitment are not typically short-term sacrifices for a long-term mutual benefit and adaptations mostly occur with respect to specific projects. The adaptive behaviour is also more or less explained as a standardized procedure, avoiding relationship specific investments. Trust is an important element mostly in order to reflect the competence of the counterpart, where previous successful projects indicate the skill and knowledge. Despite the characteristics of the relationships, the benefits of long-term, high involvement, cooperative relationships were highlighted as good aspects to consider in this context. These characteristics, along with outspoken market demands, acted as the basis for the development of recommendations for an energy supply company in terms of a step-wise action framework. In this sense, the first acknowledgement of the framework is that the current position related to green building certification projects of an energy supply company is rather unestablished, with only one exception found. This implies a strategic approach in terms of understanding how to develop and maintain their business relationships, with respect to the previously mentioned characteristics. Through a successful utilization of the action framework (with respect to certain barriers to overcome), this thesis emphasizes a wide range of opportunities such as to have a proactive approach, maintain interactions between projects, to develop the knowledge, to offer a holistic approach and to utilize long-term cooperative relational benefits. The analysis and framework is highly suitable when applied by an energy supply company, but the authors also argue for the findings to be of relevance also for other practitioners in the context of green building certification. In addition, the authors believe that the orientation of this thesis might be a trigger for future similar research approaches, applied in different contexts.

Currently the telecom world is moving towards next generation 5G (5th Generation) technology. Previous generations of mobile networks addressed human communications predominantly for voice & data but apart from human to human communications 5G brings machine to machine communication in a broader way. The possibilities of use cases are endless and 5G is a system of system. The vision for 5G is creating an ultra-connected society. 5G will be the general-purpose technology and 5G will act as a catalyst for the industry disruption. By interconnecting industries using the 5G technology will make them to be cost effective, efficient and more productive by optimally utilizing the infrastructure. It is expected that globally 5G value chain itself will contribute $3.5 trillion in output and provides 22million jobs in 2035. It is expected that 1 Trillion IoT devices by 2035 and will be worthy of $5 trillion. In Taiwan, 5G is expected to create 510,000 Taiwanese jobs and to unleash $134 billion economic value in gross output of goods and services. Apart from monetary benefits 5G is expected to bring social benefits to the human life too in enormous ways. To tap that potential many countries, governments encourage and push the mobile ecosystem to start to build the 5G networks and to launch it. 5G is coming earlier than expected and society needs to adopt to the upcoming disruption.

This study suggests a model for the assessment and development of new businessideas. The scope of the thesis is on the early stages of the model, specifically on the firsttwo steps which refer to screening and identification of global trends in the electricitymarket and the assessment and selection of business opportunities. The framework isan adaptation of portfolio management methodologies and multi-criteria group decisionmodels. The study was developed and applied through a case study in Ormazabal, anelectrical equipment manufacturer and supplier of power network solutions.There are three main theoretical contributions in this work. First, it outlines a five-stepmodel for the development of business opportunities. Second, it suggests a guide forscreening the macro-environment and for the identification of global trends in theelectricity market and finally, it provides a new approach to the directional policy matrixfor the assessment and selection of business ideas. The proposed model has beentested in a real case and the results reveal a practical approach to strategic decisionsbased on team collaboration and group discussion.

El presente proyecto desarrolla una propuesta de implementación de arquitectura empresarial integrada con tecnologías de inteligencia artificial. El resultado es proveer una propuesta de solución enfocada a la problemática identificada en los procesos comerciales del área de Soporte a la Operación: Identificar Oportunidades Comerciales y Gestionar Oportunidades Comerciales, los cuales actualmente son realizados de manera manual por especialistas del negocio, y la ejecución de tareas operativas o de análisis que, en diversos casos, se convierten en cuellos de botella, conlleva a la pérdida de oportunidades comerciales. Para ello, se ha propuesto un cambio en los procesos de negocio, con el objetivo de automatizar las actividades que demandan más tiempo y tienen alto impacto en el desarrollo de las oportunidades comerciales. El presente documento está compuesto por seis capítulos. Se inicia con la presentación de la empresa objeto de estudio, la problemática que se desea resolver, los objetivos del proyecto, incluyendo cómo medir su cumplimiento, el impacto que tendrá el proyecto en la empresa objeto de estudio y el análisis de factibilidad, tanto técnica como económica. Luego, se presenta el marco teórico, que contiene los conceptos claves que han brindado soporte a la solución propuesta, y bajo los marcos de trabajo TOGAF y ZACHMAN, utilizando la metodología ADM, se desarrolla el análisis del negocio y la identificación de requerimientos. Por último, se presenta el resultado del proyecto, que contiene la definición de la arquitectura del sistema propuesto y el plan de dirección del proyecto, que recoge las buenas prácticas del PMBOK® sexta edición y la metodología desarrollada por la empresa objeto de estudio. / This project develops a proposal to implement a business architecture integrated with artificial intelligence technologies. The result is to provide a solution proposal focused on the problem identified in the business processes of the Operation Support area: Identify Business Opportunities and Manage Business Opportunities, which are currently performed manually by business specialists, and the execution of operational or analytical tasks that, in some cases, become bottlenecks leading to the loss of business opportunities. In order to achieve this, a change in business processes has been planned, with the objective of automating activities that require more time and have a high impact on the development of business opportunities. This document is comprised of six chapters. It begins with the presentation of the company under study, the problem to be solved, the objectives of the project, including how to measure compliance, technical and economic impact the project will have on the company under study and the feasibility analysis. Then, the theoretical framework which contains the key concepts that have provided support to the proposed solution is presented and the business analysis and the identification of requirements are developed under the TOGAF and ZACHMAN frameworks, using the ADM methodology. Finally, the result of the project which contains the definition of the architecture of the proposed system and the project management plan is provided, which includes good practices of the PMBOK®️ sixth edition and the methodology developed by the company under study. / Tesis

高齡化及少子化的人口結構改變帶來了龐大的銀髮商機，社會總體消費行為以及價值觀亦隨之轉變。惟銀髮市場並非同質性的，其中又以單身女性銀髮族的利基市場最有前景；然而國內鮮少針對特定銀髮族利基市場進行相關的消費者研究。目前對銀髮市場的開發多鎖定現今的銀髮族；然而未來20年將逐漸進入退休生活之40~60歲的族群，平均教育程度及經濟能力較現今的銀髮族為高，思想比上一代開明，加上近年來智慧科技的突飛猛進，其所想望的退休生活勢必與現今的銀髮族大為不同。 因此本研究鎖定此一族群高學歷、高所得、及高資歷的單身熟齡女性進行先驅調查。其思想開明、經濟獨立、可以自由運用時間及金錢、並且願意投資自己，具有很強的消費能力。企藉由了解目標族群的需求與期望，提前開發對應的潛在商機。 本研究先藉由文獻分析，分析目前的總體社會數據、人口結構改變、相關理論模型及市場現況；再採用個別深度訪談法了解每位受訪者的家庭狀況、生活型態、對於退休的想法等等。研究結果顯示受訪者可區隔成四個集群：主流且內向居家的小確幸、心理年輕最願意嘗新的探險家、關心社會注重品質的女鬥士、及控制慾強愛奢侈品的女領導。而受訪者對未來的想望已超越低階的生理及安全需求，而偏向於較高層次的社交、尊重及自我實現需求。 就實際需求面而言，可分成五大層面：健康美麗的緩老需求、安適終老的居住需求、經濟自主的理財需求、教育休閒的娛樂需求、及自我實現的價值需求。根據這五大需求，分別衍生出22項潛在商機，分屬醫療保健、智慧科技、居住交通、金融服務、生活支援及工作休閒等六大構面。 / The changing population structure caused by population aging and low fertility rate has created numerous opportunities for business targeting the elders, which also changes consumer behavior and values in the society. At the moment, the development of silver market mostly focuses on the elders today. However, the forty-to-sixty-year-olds who are going to be retiring in the next twenty years have higher educational background and economic power; moreover, they are more open-minded and have experienced the boost of modern technologies, which gives them much more different expectation for life in retirement than the elders today. Also, the silver market is not homogeneous, and the niche market for single elder women has the brightest prospect. Nevertheless, there is barely any consumer research for the elder niche markets in Taiwan. Therefore, this pioneer research targets at single mature females with high educational level, high income, and high qualifications. They are open-minded, financially independent, able to use their time freely, willing to invest in themselves; above all, they have strong consuming capacity. Through exploration of the expectation and demand of the target customers, the potential business opportunities can be uncovered. The research starts with literature review, analyzing the current social data, the change of population structure, relevant theoretical models, and the current market conditions. Then it adopts the method of individual in-depth interview to understand the family condition, life style, and ideas about retirement of every interviewee. The result of the research shows that the interviewees could be divided into four clusters: the small happiness holders with introverted housebound disposition, the adventurers who stay mentally young and love to try something new, the fighters who care about the society and life quality, and the leaders who love luxuries and to control everything. The interviewees’ expectations of future have already overpassed the most fundamental levels of needs: physiological and safety needs, and are inclined to higher levels needs: social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs. There are five aspects regarding the practical demands: the ways to slow aging and keep health and beauty, a nice shelter to enjoy the comfortable retirement life, the finance-management to be financially independent, education and entertainment, and the chances of self-actualization. Twenty-two potential business opportunities can be derived from these demands, which respectively belong to the following six categories: medical and health care, intelligence technology, housing and transportation, financial service, living support, and work and entertainment.

Esta Tesis centra la atención en la aplicación que los SIG pueden tener en diferentes campos de la economía como las empresas minoristas o los centros tecnológicos intensivos en conocimiento. Los SIG pueden definirse como el conjunto de herramientas para recoger, almacenar, transformar y mostrar los datos espaciales para un conjunto particular de propósitos (Burrough, 1988). Por su parte, Barredo (1996) precisa que los SIG son sistemas digitales que, a través de un conjunto de herramientas de hardware y de software, permiten el análisis y manipulación de datos geográficos proporcionando una modelación de la realidad. Por una parte, en el sector minorista, la apertura de un nuevo local es un factor crítico ya que comporta una serie de riesgos monetarios y de imagen muy elevados para la empresa. Por ello, resulta clave realizar un correcto análisis de la localización para las nuevas aperturas (Hernández & Bennison, 2000). El uso de los SIG ha facilitado la comprensión de la información geográfica para los gerentes que carecen de conocimientos técnicos, ayudándoles, por tanto, a tomar decisiones difíciles y de gran envergadura (Ozimec et al., 2010). Además, los SIG son capaces de gestionar la información cartográfica con datos alfanuméricos. Por ello, los SIG se están convirtiendo en una herramienta indispensable para la toma de decisiones sobre la localización de establecimientos (Mendes & Themido, 2004). Por otra parte, los centros tecnológicos, cuando se conciben como proveedores de servicios avanzados para permitir la innovación (COTEC, 2003), también pueden ser considerados ¿minoristas¿ cuyo producto son los servicios intensivos en conocimiento o knowledge intensive business services (KIS). Por lo tanto, el concepto de trade areas también se puede aplicar a los centros tecnológicos en cuanto a su ubicación y el diseño de sus estrategias, entre otros aspectos. Así, diferentes autores destacan la importancia de la proximidad geográfica de los centros de tecnología para que puedan ofrecer un servicio eficaz y apoyar a las empresas (Barrio & García-Quevedo, 2005; Tödtling & Kaufmann, 2001). Por ello, en la investigación que se llevará a cabo en esta Tesis, también se aplicarán técnicas GIS a los centros tecnológicos, en un intento de mejorar el conocimiento sobre los determinantes de la distribución espacial entre las empresas asociadas a un centro tecnológico. / Roig Tierno, H. (2013). Análisis de áreas comerciales mediante técnicas SIG: Aplicación a la distribución comercial y centros tecnológicos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32832 / TESIS

This study aims to analyze ways of creating and managing knowledge in Petrogas Sergipe Network. Accordingly, we analyze various forms of knowledge generated in the network, as well as its management. It presents significant content based on discussion Enterprises Networks, Local Production - APLs based on normative concepts and experiences in Oil and Gas Networks. Emphasis is also important concepts on Knowledge Management and organizational knowledge. The context presented by Petrogas Sergipe Network provides understand that organizations acquire competitiveness and market innovative, admittedly competitive process required by the economy, in which companies increasingly need to improve their skills for business continuity. Strategy that includes work in interorganizational network, presents itself as appropriate, because that constitutes a privileged space for interaction and cooperation between different actors that are part of the network. At the same time, you can see that the process of knowledge organizational management comprises an important condition in the development of interorganizational business networks in order to add value to the companies that comprise it. Therefore, Petrogas Sergipe Network has important significance for the economy in Sergipe, in terms of income generation, employment and business opportunities, especially as an arrangement also fundamental for the consolidation of System Innovation and knowledge generation in State of Sergipe. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, analisar formas de criação e gestão do conhecimento, na Rede PETROGAS Sergipe. Nesse sentido, são analisadas diversas formas do conhecimento gerado nessa rede, bem como sua gestão. Apresenta-se significativo conteúdo com base na discussão sobre Redes de Empresas, Arranjos Produtivos Locais - APLs com base em conceitos normativos e experiências em Redes de Petróleo e Gas. Enfatiza-se também, importantes conceitos sobre o Conhecimento Organizacional e a Gestão do conhecimento organizacional. O contexto apresentado pela Rede PETROGÁS Sergipe, proporciona entender que as organizações adquirem competitividade inovativa e mercadológica, reconhecidamente exigida pelo processo concorrencial da economia, no qual as empresas necessitam cada vez mais aprimorar suas habilidades para continuidade dos seus negócios. Desta forma, a estratégia que compreende o trabalho em rede interorganizacional, apresenta-se como adequada, em virtude de que se constitui como espaço privilegiado de cooperação e interação entre diversos atores que fazem parte da rede. Ao mesmo tempo, é possível perceber que o processo de gestão do conhecimento organizacional, compreende uma condição importante no desenvolvimento de redes empresariais interorganizacionais, no sentido de agregar valor às empresas que a compõem. Portanto, a Rede PETROGÁS Sergipe apresenta importante significado para a economia sergipana, do ponto de vista da geração de renda, emprego e oportunidades de negócios, destacando- se também como um arranjo fundamental para a consolidação do Sistema de Inovação e de geração de conhecimento no Estado de Sergipe.

What makes real life contractual arrangements? How does the law influence real life contractual arrangements? These are everyday questions for businesspeople and commercial lawyers. The traditional ‘imperative’ view of law assumes that business people contract ‘in the shadow of the law’ and contractual arrangements conform to what the law says. But empirical studies on contract practice suggest that contract law may, in fact, play a very insignificant role in real life contractual arrangements. This thesis provides a sociological view of the role of contract law in real life contractual arrangements in the context of the Vietnamese market. Specifically, this thesis applies an institutional law & economics approach to investigate how social structures of the market influence contractual arrangements to marginalize contract law in the Vietnamese market. Drawing on two surveys of contract behaviour in the Vietnamese market, this thesis finds that real life contractual arrangements respond to the institutional structure of the market as a whole, rather than only ‘the shadow of the law’. Institutional changes in the Vietnamese market suggest that there exists a merchant law system, constituted of traditional moral norms and social structures in the market. This merchant law system continues to order contractual arrangements in the market, despite the introduction of a transplanted contract law system. Disagreeing with the imperative approach, this thesis claims that contract law reform should conform to the institutional structure of the market to reduce transaction costs of contracting and to provide an effective framework for real life contractual arrangements.