This study focused on the teaching of Civic Education in Zambia. Specifically, the study examined pedagogical practices in relation to the teaching of Civic Education in schools. It is argued in this study that following right pedagogical practices in the teaching of Civic Education can lead to social change and transformation of society. As such, the purpose of the study was to ascertain therefore the extent to which Civic Education was enhancing or impeding social change and transformation in society. In order to realize the objectives of the study, an exploratory research design was used. The study found out that Civic Education in schools was not modelled on practices that can lead to social change and transformation of society; service learning approaches were rarely promoted in Civic Education lessons; teaching approaches in colleges and the university with respect to Civic Education are greatly lacking; teaching and learning materials in Civic Education were not readily available in schools; teachers of Civic Education were not grounded in the key theoretical and pedagogical perspectives underpinning Civic Education. The study therefore concludes that with correct pedagogical practices and approaches Civic Education can lead to social change and transformation of society. / Educational Foundations / D. Ed. (Socio-Education)

Diploma thesis "Content issues of teaching civic education through the changes of time (with focus on professional journals dealing with civic education)" is dealing with an evolution of a content of civic education in the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century on pages of professional-oriented journals. The first part of the diploma thesis deals with the history of civics. It describes the evolution since the establishment of civics in Czechoslovakia until the evolution after the Velvet Revolution in the Czech Republic. The second part of the diploma thesis introduces five journals devoted to a subject of civic education. These are the magazines Časopis československé obce učitelské, Časopis pro občanskou nauku a výchovu, Společenské vědy ve škole, Občanská výchova: časopis pro občanskou výchovu, filosofii, psychologii a logiku a Společenskovědní předměty: čtvrtletník pro pedagogy základních a středních škol. The final part of the diploma thesis is dedicated to articles from the journals mentioned above which describe the content transformation of teaching civic education.

Teaching democracy: normative, reality and proposalsrelated to education for citizenship in PeruThis article aims to review the ethical and political basis of education for citizenship. From the analysis of Peruvian normative it infers the necessity that school produces citizens. Then, it confronts these normativewith the reality of Peruvian school. It also analyses some successful cases, and from this, it formulates proposals made to facilitate the development of a real citizenship in our country. / El presente artículo apunta a revisar las bases ético-políticas de la educación para la ciudadanía. A partir del análisis de la normativa peruana se desprende la necesidad de que la escuela forme ciudadanos. Luego, se confronta esta normativa con la realidad de la escuela peruana. Se analizan también algunos casos de éxito y, a partir de esto, se formulan propuestas que posibiliten el desarrollo de una verdadera ciudadanía en nuestro país.

Denominam-se prefácios todos os discursos liminares produzidos a propósito de determinado texto. Os vínculos sistemáticos, históricos e contextuais com o impresso converteram os prefácios em preciosas fontes de pesquisa da história do livro nos mais variados gêneros da cultura escrita. Neste trabalho, analisamos a história dos prefácios nos impressos escolares produzidos em três momentos da história brasileira: República Velha, Era Vargas e Ditadura Militar. Neste caminho, prefácios, prólogos, apresentações, introduções e posfácios, além de outros suportes do impresso, revelaram-se como objetos imprescindíveis na tarefa de entender as diversas formas de conceber o civismo e escrever sobre a formação dos cidadãos. Pelos prefácios, foi possível identificar e analisar representações de ideais e valores de democracia, sonhos e desilusões republicanas, bem como, projetos e programas políticos. Como discurso que prepara a leitura, os prefácios analisados possibilitaram percorrer, por um lado, os elementos históricos externos ao livro e que recobriram objetivos sociais e políticos mais amplos da ação autoral. Por outro, permitiu entender que as opções do autor projetavam-se no tipo de linguagem e estratégia discursiva configuradas na estrutura interna do livro. Permitiram entender também a plasticidade do princípio que enuncia a formação do cidadão. Pelos prefácios fluíram ideais republicanos, disputas regionais, elementos da democracia autoritária, positivismo, cristianismo, marxismos e várias outras formas de representar a prática política. Tais representações reivindicaram para si a primazia na escolarização de temas como pátria, nação e cidadania tornando-os pré-requisitos da ação política. Enfim, Analisando traduções de manuais estrangeiros, livros didáticos, cartilhas, enciclopédias e demais gêneros de impressos escolares foi possível concluir que os prefácios cívicos significaram pontos de ligação entre as coisas do mundo e o mundo dos livros. Palavras- / Prefaces are nominated as all the introductory discourses produced for a determinate text. The historical, contextual and systematic links with the printed matter converted the prefaces in precious research sources to the history of books in all kinds of written culture. In this work, we analyze the history of the prefaces in scholastic publications in three moments of the Brazilian history: The Old Republic, The Age of Vargas and the Military Dictatorship. In this way prefaces, prologues, presentations, introductions and post-scripts, as well as other printed supports, became essential objects in understanding different forms of conceiving civism and to write about formation of citizens. By the prefaces it was possible to identify and analyze representations of idealisms and merits of democracy, republicans dreams and disappointments, as well as political projects and programs. As a preparation speech for reading, the analyzed prefaces made possible to run, from one side, the historical elements out side the book that overlated the more extensive social and political objectives of the auctorial action. On the other side made possible the understanding that the authors options were projected in the kind of language and discursive strategies found in the structure inside the book. They also allowed the comprehension of the plasticity in the origin which announces the citizen formation. With in prefaces, republican ideals, regional controversies, elements of the despotic democracy, positivism, Christianity, Marxism and many other forms of representing political practice have flowed. Such representations demanded for its self the primacy in schooling of themes as homeland, nation and citizenship making them prerequisites of the political action. Finally, analyzing the traditions of foreign manuals, didactic books, spelling books, encyclopedias and other kinds of scholar publications it was possible to conclude that the civic prefaces meant linking points between things of our world and the world of books.

Germany draws on a unique net of state-founded institutions operating in the adult civic education field established after the Second World War to promote democratic values in the society. These Agencies for Civic Education work at state and federal level and are non-partisan. This thesis seeks to grasp the phenomenon of universal adult civic education in Germany, while focusing on The Saxon State Agency for Civic Education; on how is it organized, and whether and how its activities proved beneficial in the context of the current socio-political situation. The first part will elaborate on historic, conceptual and institutional background of adult civic education in Germany. The second part, a case study, will focus on the current socio-political situation in Saxony, and the reaction of The Saxon State Agency for Civic Education to the challenges arising especially from the current migration crisis. The thesis will be based on the information from electronic and printed sources primarily in German; some of them provided by the Saxon State Agency. The complementary source will be an interview, which was conducted with two representatives of the Agency.

This is a comparative study of how the concept of democracy is presented in textbooks for Civics education used in basic adult education and secondary school. The method used in the study is a qualitative text analysis and the theoretical framework is based on the democratic ideal models electoral, participatory, and deliberative democracy. The analysed material consists of four textbooks: two books used in adult education and two used in secondary school. The study shows that electoral aspects of democracy are clearly dominant in the textbooks used in adult education, while both electoral and participatory aspects are more salient in textbooks used in secondary school. Deliberative aspects are the least common in all textbooks.

Eliška Bucvanová. Diplomová práce. Citizenship - Theoretical Bases and Teaching Practice ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Weak civil society can be seen as a possible drawback of Czech democracy. One of the possible ways of building it is citizenship education provided within the compulsory school system. Citizenship is also the main subject of this work, which uses qualitative research methods to find out how the concept of "citizenship" is understood by teachers at a selected primary school, what information they provide to pupils on this subject and how. Since the scope of the paper would be insufficient, it does not intend to map the state of citizenship education in the Czech Republic: its aim is to find out how teachers approach the subject and whether their opinions coincide, and to compare their views with the information contained in literature. The results of the work show that the selected school is at a comparatively high level; however, the teachers' attitudes to citizenship education and its aims lack consistency and comprehensiveness and, also, the pupils' knowledge highly varies. This can be due to the fact that citizenship education has long been in need of an integrated approach and, very probably, also training opportunities for teachers that would help them develop their professional skills. In...

The study explores the meaning of knowing how to reason about justice in civics in upper secondary school. This is examined through the analysis of students’ conceptions of justice, and of their conceptions of civic reasoning about justice. It is also examined through the analysis of civic education practise. In the study, teaching was designed using Variation Theory and the theory of intersubjectivity in Activity Theory, and examined and evaluated in three Learning Studies. The empirical material consists of filmed and transcribed research lessons and interviews, as well as of written pre- and post-tests. The material was first analysed using phenomenography, and then analysed using content-oriented conversation analysis. Students’ conceptions of justice were found to move between the conception of justice as (A) a universal value, (B) a personal value or (C) a value of principle. Students’ conceptions of civic reasoning about justice were found to move between three conceptions: (a) reporting about justice, (b) analysing causes of different perspectives on justice or (c) critical reasoning about principles of justice. The critical aspects of knowing how to reason about justice in civics that students needed to discern were the relativity of justice, the basis for arguments for principles of justice and the analysing as well as the criticizing aspects of reasoning. The subject-knowledge that the teachers expressed in their teaching was one condition of the practise of civics that was found to be of importance for the students’ learning. Others were the assumed purpose of the practise of civics and a genuine need for the intended knowledge in the practice. Communicative actions that seem to facilitate these conditions are real learning tasks and a subject-specific language and variation of critical aspects as mediating tools. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of justice in political science and to the practise of civics education.

Den svenska skolans fostransuppdrag, det vill säga att överföra värden som samhället anser vara viktiga till eleverna, är enligt de nu gällande styrdokumenten en viktig del av undervisningen. I läroböcker i religionskunskap skrivna för gymnasiet har dock detta uppdrag hamnat i skymundan. I denna uppsats undersöks tre läroböcker i religionskunskap skrivna för gymnasieelever för att identifiera eventuella brister inom värdegrundsarbetet i läroböcker. Enligt iakttagelserna i denna undersökning är det största problemet att värdepedagogiken ständigt kommer i andra hand och att fokus ständig vilar på förmedlandet av kunskap. En konsekvens av detta är att värdepedagogiken tycks ha inkluderats i läroböckerna som en eftertanke. Det verkar som om merparten av stoffet i läroböckerna primärt har valts utifrån dess potentiella bidrag till kunskapsuppdraget, även om det ibland innebär att det undergrävt fostransuppdraget. Slutsatsen i denna uppsats är att värdepedagogiken måste vara en aktiv och medveten del i skapandet av textbaserade läromedel för att läroböcker på allvar ska bidra till fostransuppdragets förverkligande. / Civic education is an important part of the education of teens in Sweden. When reading high school textbooks of religious studies it is noticible that the use of civic education is lacking. This thesis examined three high school textbooks of religious studies in order to identify the shortcomings of civic education in textbooks. The major issue regarding civic education, according to the findings of this thesis, is the fact that traditional education, i.e. the transfer of knowledge, is the main purpose of these textbooks. As a result civic education is often included in textbooks as somewhat of an afterthought. The majority of the material included in textbooks seem to be primarily selected on the basis of what it contributes towards thegoals of traditional education, even if that material sometimes undermines the goals of civic education. The conclusion of this thesis is that civic education must become something that authors reflect upon as a conscious part of writing textbooks if the civic educational goals of the swedish educational system are to be achieved.

The curiosity for source criticism was something that sparked in us during our internships. We discovered that students, even at an early age, frequently use digital sources and social media to find information and news. The purpose of this meta-study is to find out how the Swedish school system teaches the younger students about critical thinking and source criticism. The current Swedish curriculum mentions in the introductory chapters, along with the core content for Swedish and civics education, that the students should get the opportunity during their education in compulsory school to develop a source-critical approach. The research question posed was therefore “Are the younger students in compulsory school given the right tools and conditions to develop their critical thinking in civics education, to thus understand contemporary society?”. To find answers to this question, a qualitative textual analysis was conducted to determine a selection of related literature. The results showed that the schools lacked practical work regarding critical thinking and source criticism. As a result the teachers find it difficult to determine how it should be incorporated, along with which subject is responsible for it. Studies have shown confusion mainly among Swedish and civics teachers, since both teachers considered source criticism to be the other teacher's area of responsibility. The results also included which abilities are needed for a student to be able to develop a source-critical approach to thinking, also how a phenomenon can be interpreted differently depending on the experiences of the observer. The primary conclusion drawn was that there is a significant lack of research focusing on students in elementary school and how they relate to media and other information they meet every single day. It was also concluded that there is a lack of communication regarding this topic in the Swedish school system and how important it is for young students to develop critical thinking skills to be able to participate in our society as democratic citizens.