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[pt] Transformação Digital deveria estar na pauta de praticamente todas as discussões estratégicas das empresas hoje em dia. Não se trata apenas de tecnologia da informação, mas também de um tema multidisciplinar que, sob a ótica da estratégia empresarial, face às profundas mudanças nas relações com clientes, fornecedores e concorrentes, muitas vezes resulta em ações inovadoras e, em muitos casos, até mesmo na reinvenção do próprio negócio da empresa. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa qualitativa visou identificar o estágio de maturidade de transformação digital de uma empresa nacional de tecnologia, de acordo com uma série de fatores e direcionadores propostos por modelos teóricos da literatura pesquisada, tais como: a intensidade do uso de tecnologias digitais, o grau de digitalização dos concorrentes, o comportamento digital do cliente, as estratégias dos gestores, a estrutura organizacional, a cultura organizacional, o grau de investimento em novas tecnologias, entre outros. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com roteiro semiestruturado, que nortearam o estudo de caso, com 12 colaboradores que ocupavam cargos distintos em diferentes posições hierárquicas na companhia. O material das entrevistas foi submetido à análise de conteúdo e discutido com a literatura pesquisada. Concluiu-se que os modelos teóricos considerados e a pesquisa de campo realizada mostraram-se adequados à realidade da empresa, ajudando a diagnosticar sua situação atual e sugerindo caminhos de continuidade na sua jornada de transformação digital. / [en] Digital Transformation should be on the agenda of virtually every strategic discussion in companies today. It is not just about information technology, but also about a multidisciplinary issue that, from the perspective of business strategy, in the face of profound changes in relationships with customers, suppliers and competitors, often results in innovative actions and, in many cases, even in the reinvention of the company s own business. In this context, this qualitative research aimed to identify the stage of digital transformation maturity of a middle-sized brazillian national company, according to a series of factors and drivers proposed by theoretical models of the researched literature, such as: the intensity of the use of digital technologies , the degree of digitalization of competitors, the customer s digital behavior, the manager s strategies, the organizational structure, the organizational culture, the degree of investment in new technologies, among others. In-depth interviews were carried out with a semi-structured script, which guided the case study, with 12 employees who occupied different positions in different hierarchical levels in the company. The material from the interviews was submitted to content analysis and discussed with the researched literature. It was concluded that the theoretical models considered and the field research carried out proved to be adequate to the company s reality, helping to diagnose its current situation and suggesting paths for continuity in its digital transformation journey.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka förskollärares uppfattningar om digitala verktyg som stöd i matematikundervisningen i förskolan. Studien är en kvalitativ ansats där empirin har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vi har intervjuat sju förskollärare. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna är enade om att matematiken ständigt finns bland oss, men de väljer att fokusera på det på olika sätt. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna har delade uppfattningar kring hur de ser på de digitala verktygen som stöd i matematikundervisningen och detta visar att det påverkar de digitala verktygens möjligheter i matematikundervisningen. I diskussionen och analysen utgår studien från begreppen scaffolding, proximal utvecklingszon och artefakter. / The purpose of this study is to study preschool teacher´s perceptions when it comes to digital resources to support mathematics in preschool. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with a qualitative approach. We have interviewed seven qualified preschool teachers. The result shows that the preschool teachers agree that mathematics is always among as, but they choose to focus on it in different ways. The result shows that these teachers have varying perceptions on how they view the digital resources that are currently available to support teaching mathematics. Which means that currently, they are effecting the digital ways and opportunities to teach mathematics. In the discussion and analysis, the study is based off the concepts of scaffolding, proximal development zone and artifacts.

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this thesis is to examine use of library didactics in two prominent national libraries. A second aim is to identify digital resources used in the digital library spaces. The study uses “the four-space model” to examine this relation.  Method. Document analysis is used to examine the two national libraries´ websites. In addition to the websites, affiliated sites like social media are also included. Categories from the four- space model are used: learning space, inspiration space, performative space and meeting space. Digital resources are identified and presented in each category respectively.   Theories. Library didactics, as developed by for example Jochumsen, Rasmussen and Skot- Hansen, is the subject of the thesis and main theoretical focus. The digital library rooms are seen as places for possibilities and for developing innovative library practices.  Conclusion. The results imply that of the four spaces, the smallest one is the performative space and that the activities for creating are few. Different social media are to a large degree used as meeting space and thus possibilities for meeting and participation are subject to the companies’ business models and policies. In relation to the visitors the two national libraries mainly use their collections as resources in the inspiration space. One clear example is Gallica, described as a digital library with focus on digitized documents.  In the learning space the format is primarily texts with illustrations and this could be seen as an attempt from the libraries to adapt to a traditional learning environment. Furthermore it is concluded that the search functions can be a hindrance to both the visitor and to the libraries´ objectives. In the discussion, a question concerning competences is raised in regard to innovative library didactics. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Ce travail voudrait contribuer à améliorer la qualité de l’encadrement pédagogique en intégrant des ressources numériques dans l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’arabe à l’université. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence la valeur ajoutée que ces ressources apportent dans le cadre de l’enseignement de la grammaire arabe LE « Langue Etrangère ». L’une des stratégies proposées pour atteindre l’objectif de notre recherche est basée sur une méthode interactive. Le but de cette approche est, d’une part, de favoriser l’interaction (enseignant/étudiant et étudiant/étudiant) et d’autre part, d’améliorer la qualité de l’environnement pédagogique. La recherche repose sur trois axes : Le premier porte sur deux enquêtes menées dans les deux universités Lyon II et Lyon III en 2013/2014, ce qui nous a amenée à décrire l’état des lieux dans l’enseignement de la grammaire arabe à l’université. Les résultats de ces enquêtes ont mis en évidence le manque d’outils pédagogiques susceptibles de motiver les étudiants pour travailler et le manque de possibilités d’améliorer l’interaction étudiant / enseignant.Le deuxième concerne la conception des ressources numériques pour l’enseignement-apprentissage de la grammaire arabe (langue étrangère) : ˗ Un site web didactique qui se compose de 70 activités grammaticales informatisées, 360 exercices, 360 textes, 293 photos et 70 vidéos.˗ Une page Facebook de « La Grammaire Arabe Facile » qui contient 29 activités grammaticales, 74 publications, 7 vidéos et 22 photos.Le troisième axe porte sur une analyse des données recueillies après l’utilisation de ces ressources pendant le deuxième semestre de TD à l’Université Lyon III en 2017. L’analyse des données montre comment l’utilisation de ressources numériques a accru la qualité des performances des étudiants et comment l’interaction en ligne (enseignante/étudiant) et (étudiant/étudiant) motive les étudiants et amène à des résultats très positifs. Au terme de notre recherche, nous souhaitons que les universités en France prennent en compte la nécessité d’intégrer les ressources numériques dans l’enseignement de l’arabe LE à l’université, et surtout dans l’enseignement de la grammaire arabe, ce qui permettrait d’augmenter la qualité de l’enseignement et, par conséquent, le niveau des étudiants. / This work intends to contribute to an improvement in the quality of pedagogical supervision through the use of digital resources in teaching and learning of Arabic at university. The objective isto high light the added value that these resources bring in the framework of the teaching of Arabic grammar. One of the proposed strategies to achieve the objective of our research is based on an interactive method. The goal of this approach is, on the one hand, to encourage interaction (teacher / student and student / student) and on the other hand, to improve the quality of the pedagogical environment. The research is based on three axes :The first relates to two investigations conducted in both universities Lyon II and Lyon III in 2013/2014, which raised concerns regarding the teaching of Arabicgrammar at the university. The results of these investigations high lightedalack of educational tools likely to motivate students to work, and the lack of opportunity to improve student / teacher interaction. The second concerns the design of digital resources for the teaching and learning of Arabic grammar (foreign language) :˗ A didactic web site consisting of 70 activities grammatical computerized, 360 exercises, 360 texts, 293 photos and 70 videos.˗ A Facebook page of « The Easy Arabic Grammar » which contains 29 grammatical activities, 74 publications, 7 videos and 22 photos.The third axis covered an analysis of the data collected after the use of these resources during the second semester of TD at Lyon III University in 2017. The analysis of the data shows how the use of digital resources, has increased the quality of students performances and how the online interaction (teacher / student) and (student / student) motivates the students and gives very positive results. At the end of our research, we hope that universities in France will take into account the need to integrate digital resources into the teaching of Arabic at the university, and especially in the teaching of Arabic grammar, which would to increase the quality of education and, consequently, the level of students. / يطمح هذا العمل المساهمة في تحسين نوعيّة الإطار التربوي لتعليم وتعلّم اللغة العربيّة في الجامعة، وذلك من خلال دمج المصادر الرقيمة. الهدف هو تسليط الضوء على ما يمكن أن تضيفه المصادر الرقمية من جودة لتعليم القواعد العربيّة (كلغة أجنبيّة).من بين الاستراتيجيات المقترحة لتحقيق هدف بحثنا اعتماد المنهج التفاعلي. يهدف هذا المنهج إلى تعزيز التفاعل بين المعلّم والطالب من جهة ، وبين الطالب والطالب من جهة أخرى، وإلى رفع جودة البيئة التعليميّة.يستند البحث على ثلاثة محاور:- يتطرق المحور الأول إلى استطلاعين ميدانيين تمّ إجرائهما في جامعتي ليون الثانية والثالثة خلال 2013/2014. مما ممكّننا من معاينة الحالة الراهنة لوضع تعليم القواعد العربيّة في الجامعة، وقد أظهرت نتائج الاستطلاعين نقصاً في الأدوات التربويّة المناسبة لتحفيز الطلاب على التعلّم، وضعفاً في إمكانيّة التفاعل بين الطالب و المعلّم.- المحور الثاني يتعلّق بتصميم مصادر رقميّة لتعليم وتعلّم القواعد العربيّة وهي :1- موقع ويب تعليمي يتضمن 70 نشاطاً قواعديّا محوسبا و 360 تدريبا و 360 نصّاً و 293 صورة و 70 فيديو.2- صفحة على الفيس بوك بعنوان : القواعد العربيّة السهلة وتتضمن 29 نشاطا قواعديّا و 74 منشورا و 7 مقاطع فيديو و22 صورة.- المحور الثالث ويتطرّق إلى تحليل المعطيات التي تمّ جمعها أثناء وبعد استخدام هذه المصادر الرقميّة وذلك خلال الفصل الجامعي الثاني لحصص الأعمال التدريبيّة في جامعة ليون الثانية خلال العام 2017. يظهر تحليل المعطيات كيف أنّ استخدام المصادر الرقمية قد زاد من جودة آداء الطلاب، وكيف أنّ التفاعل عبر الانترنت بين المعلّم والطالب والطالب والطالب يحفّز الطلاب ويقودهم لتحقيق نتائج أكثر إيجابيّة.في نهاية بحثنا، نتمنى على الجامعات في فرنسا أن تأخذ بعين الاعتبار ضرورة دمج المصادر الرقميّة في تعليم اللغة العربيّة في الجامعة وعلى وجه الخصوص في تعليم القواعد العربية، بما يسمح رفع سويّة نوعيّة التعليم وبالتالي مستوى الطالب.

Denna uppsats ämnar belysa om det går att digitalisera den individuella studieplanen på en institution vid Uppsala universitet. Digitalisering anses vara en av de största trenderna som påverkar dagens samhälle och det har visats bidra till ökad tillgänglighet och effektivitet inom offentlig förvaltning. Vid Uppsala universitet finns det i dagsläget behov av ett digitalt system för hanteringen av den individuella studieplanen. Studieplanen hanteras för tillfället som ett papper i form av en PDF och upplevs enligt tidigare studier, som ett mindre bra planerings- och uppföljningsverktyg. Forskningsarbetet har utförts baserat på forskningsstrategin Design & creation. Resultatet av forskningsprocessen är en informationsmodell, en processmodell i olika nivåer, samt en databas. Dessa modeller och databas är baserade på tidigare forskning, befintliga dokument och empiriskt material från intervjuer. Tidigare forskning omfattar ett verktyg för digitalisering, problem med identifierare, samt forskning kring modellering. De befintliga dokumenten utgörs av en tidigare studie om den individuella studieplan, samt lagstiftning, riktlinjer och allmän information gällande denna studieplan. Intervjuerna genomfördes med 9 informanter som använder studieplanen i sin roll på Uppsala universitet. Modellerna och databasen har utvärderats i en kriteriebaserad intervju med ämnesexpert, samt i en teoribaserad utvärdering. Forskningsresultatet tyder på att det är möjligt att digitalisera studieplanen med hjälp av de framlagda modellerna och databasen. Dessa modeller och databas kan med viss modifikation användas för att bygga ett digitalt gränssnitt och ett fullständigt system för studieplanen. / This thesis aims to illustrate whether it is possible to digitize the individual study plan at an institution at Uppsala university. Digitalization is considered one of the biggest trends that affects today’s society and it has been shown to contribute to increased accessibility and efficiency in public administration. Uppsala university has a need for a digital system for the individual study plan. It is currently handled as a paper in the form of a PDF and is perceived as an inferior planning and monitoring tool, according to previous studies. The research work has been carried out based on the research strategy Design & creation. The result of the research process is an information model, a process model at different levels and a database. These models and database are based on previous research, existing documents and empirical material from interviews. Previous research includes a tool for digitalization, problems regarding identifiers and research regarding modeling. The existing documents comprise a previous study of the ISP, legislation, guidelines and general information regarding the ISP. The interviews were conducted with 9 informants who use the study plan within their role at Uppsala university. The models and database have been evaluated in a criteria-based interview with a subject matter expert and in a theory-based evaluation. The research results indicate that it is possible to digitize the study plan using the presented models and database. These models and database can be used with slight modifications to build a digital interface and a complete system for the ISP.

En un mundo sujeto a los cambios que la tecnología propicia, el periodismo está obligado a atravesar un proceso de reconversión para migrar del papel a la web y convertirse en un medio de alta difusión. La labor del periodista es ahora fusionar el concepto de dinamismo e inmediatez, características propias de internet, con el ejercicio del buen periodismo para entregar al lector una noticia de calidad, veraz y contrastada. Además, debe incluir herramientas de posicionamiento web (SEO) que le permitan ubicar sus contenidos en los primeros resultados de los motores de búsqueda como Google y, de este modo, llegar a más personas. Ante este panorama, se propone la siguiente investigación que tiene como objetivo determinar si la correcta aplicación del SEO en la redacción periodística digital influye en la visibilidad del flujo noticioso dentro de los buscadores. Para ello, se ha utilizado como objeto de estudio 35 notas publicadas en la edición digital del diario peruano El Comercio durante la pandemia por Covid-19. Se ha diseñado un instrumento que permitió evaluar los aspectos periodísticos, así como las herramientas de posicionamiento y de impacto. Como resultado, se observaron dos tipos de comportamientos en las notas seleccionadas: la primera hace referencia a un conjunto de noticias masivas, publicadas bajo la firma general del diario, que privilegian los elementos de optimización web, la hipertextualidad y la multimedialidad en detrimento de otros aspectos del periodismo; mientras que el segundo se circunscribe a aquellas notas firmadas por un periodista, las cuales ofrecen textos extensos, con varias fuentes de información y un mayor procesamiento, dejando de lado las técnicas de posicionamiento. De este modo, la investigación concluye que, si bien el SEO influye en la visibilidad de contenidos noticiosos, el desafío consiste en incorporar los elementos beneficiosos del periodismo tradicional a la versátil y aún impredecible cultura digital. / In a world subject to the changes that technology brings, journalism is obliged to go through a process of conversion to migrate from paper to the web and become a means of high diffusion. The job of journalist is now related with merging the concept of dynamism and immediacy, a remarkable feature of the internet, delivering to the readers quality, truthful and proven news. In addition, the journalist should include web positioning tools (SEO) that allow to locate the content in the first results of search engines such as Google and, in this way, reach more people. In view of this scenario, the following research has as a significant aim to determine whether the correct application of SEO in digital journalistic writing influences the visibility of the news flow within search engines. To this end, 35 notes published in the digital edition of the peruvian newspaper El Comercio during the pandemic by Covid-19 have been used as the subject of study. An instrument has been designed to evaluate journalistic aspects, as well as positioning and impact tools. As a result, two types of behaviors were observed in the selected notes: the first refers to a set of mass news, published under the general signature of the journal, which favor elements of web optimization, hypertextuality and multimediality to the detriment of other aspects of journalism; while the latter is limited to those notes signed by a journalist, which offers extensive texts, with various sources of information and greater processing, leaving aside positioning techniques. In this way, research concludes that while SEO influences the visibility of news content, the challenge is to incorporate the beneficial elements of traditional journalism into the versatile and still unpredictable digital culture. / Tesis

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur matematiklärare beskriver digitala lärresursers användbarhet i sin problemlösningsundervisning. För att undersöka detta har flera kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts. De genomförda intervjuerna med lärarna har analyserats med hjälp av TPACK-ramverket och visar att problemlösning med digitala lärresurser har både fördelar och nackdelar. De fördelar som lärarna lyfter fram berör i huvudsak individualisering och differentiering, exempelvis att det är enkelt att hitta och anpassa uppgifter till respektive elevs nivå. Nackdelarna handlar främst om digitala läromedlens funktion, bland annat att det finns för få och för enkla problemuppgifter. Digitala lärresurser möter delvis lärarnas förväntningar, men resultatet visar också på vilken utvecklingspotential som finns. / The purpose of this study is to examine how mathematical teachers describe digital teaching resources usefulness in their problem-solving teaching. To examine this, we have conducted several qualitative semi-structured interviews. The completed interviews with the teachers have been analyzed using the TPACK-framework and show that problem-solving using digital resources have both pros and cons. According to the teachers the advantages are mainly connected to individualization and differentiation, for example it is easy to find and adjust tasks to each pupil’s level. The disadvantages concern the function of digital teaching aids, among other things, there are too few and too simple problem-solving tasks. Overall digital resources match the teacher’s expectations, but the result also indicate the potential for development.

Certaines caractéristiques des ressources numériques sont de nature à soutenir les apprentissages de tous les élèves en classe. L’étude de Cyr, Charland et Riopel (2016) permet notamment d’observer un effet significatif sur l’apprentissage du concept de fraction lorsque les élèves réalisent les parcours de l’application Slice Fractions. Toutefois, l’intégration de cette ressource à l’enseignement régulier en classe n’accroit pas cet effet. Notre recherche-action vise à soutenir l’intégration de ressources numériques à des pratiques pédagogiques efficaces par le biais d’un dispositif de développement professionnel jumelant un cercle pédagogique et un soutien en classe. Elle a été réalisée auprès de trois enseignantes de trois classes d’une école primaire afin de mieux comprendre comment intégrer efficacement les pratiques pédagogiques et les ressources numériques en classe pour mieux soutenir les apprentissages de tous les élèves. Nous avons observé les pratiques pédagogiques et le processus d’apprentissage des élèves en classe. Nous avons aussi étudié l’apport d’un dispositif de développement professionnel pour soutenir le développement des pratiques dans une perspective d’intégration de ressources numériques. L’analyse qualitative est basée sur la documentation sur vidéo des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignantes, de la démarche de leurs élèves et des cercles pédagogiques. Nos résultats suggèrent que les pratiques pédagogiques mises en œuvre dans ce contexte permettent de mieux soutenir le développement du raisonnement, du métalangage et de l’autorégulation chez tous les élèves. L’ajout d’un dispositif numérique permet également aux enseignantes de segmenter les problèmes à résoudre et de recueillir les réponses de tous les élèves. Ce processus soutient et influe sur leur évaluation du niveau de compréhension des élèves. Les échanges en cercle pédagogique et le soutien en classe contribuent également au développement de la capacité des enseignantes à discerner des éléments importants dans le processus et guident leur planification des activités subséquentes. / Some attributes of digital resources are likely to support the learning of all students. In the study by Cyr, Charland and Riopel (2016), a significant effect on the learning of the concept of fraction was observed when students worked through all levels of the application Slice Fractions. However, the implementation of this resource in regular classroom instruction did not increase this effect. Our action research aims to support the integration of digital resources with effective teaching practices through a professional development intervention combining video clubs and in-class assistance. It was conducted with three teachers in three classes of an elementary school to better understand how to conduct an effective integration of teaching practices and digital resources in the classroom to better facilitate the learning of all students. We observed the teaching practices and the learning process of students in class. We also studied the contribution of a professional development intervention to support the development of teaching practices within a context where digital resources are implemented in the classroom. Qualitative measures are based on the analysis of video documentation of the teachers’ practices, their students’ learning process and the video clubs. Our results suggest that the teaching practices implemented in this setting better support the development of reasoning, metalanguage, and self-regulation among all students. The use of an additional digital resource also allows teachers to break down the problems to be solved and collect responses from all students. It supports this process and influences their evaluation of the students’ level of understanding. The video club discussions and the in-class assistance also contribute to the development of teachers’ ability to discern important elements in the students’ learning process and guide their planning of subsequent activities. Our results inform the discussion on the nature of teaching practices that are likely to promote the implementation of digital resources and foster learning for all students, as well as on the impact of video clubs and in-class assistance and the conditions that strengthen their effectiveness in this type of context.

The aim of the study was to examine the implementation of digital preservation practices in academic libraries in South Africa in the light of the rapid changing information environment. The study looked into the strategies, systems and tools being employed to support digital preservation programmes and the costs associated with the various digital preservation programmes. The study was guided by various digital preservation theories and models,namely Davies’ (2000) Policy, Strategy and Resources (PSR) troika model, Kenney and McGovern’s (2003) three leg stool, Corrado and Moulaison‘s (2014) preservation triad and the Carnegie Mellon University’s (1990) Digital Preservation Capability Maturity (DPCM) model and Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model by OCLC (2002), underpinned by the survey research design, triangulation of questionnaires and document analysis as data collection methods. Out of 27 questionnaires distributed to academic institutions, 22 (81.5%) were completed. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive analysis whilst content analysis was used for qualitative data obtained from document analysis. Findings revealed that academic libraries in South Africa were significantly affected by the changes to the digital environment. Most academic libraries face many challenges that hinder the effective implementation of digital preservation. The problems include: lack of funding, lack of skills and training and technology obsolescence. The study identified migration, bit preservation, replication and risk management approaches as the most widely implemented preservation strategies to address preservation challenges faced by academic libraries in South Africa. Although various preservation systems and tools are being developed to enable description, discovery, delivery and preservation of digital collections, there was expressed lack of awareness about digital preservation standards and preservation support organisations. The study also observed that, in some instances, the academic institutions were not fully involved in collaborative and partnerships with other institutions. By collaborating and partnering with other institutions, they would be exposed to new ideas, strategies and tools, and be able to acquire knowledge and skills needed to successfully preserve and manage their digital resources. The findings revealed that the implementation of policies and strategies, provision of adequate resources, sufficient funding and digital preservation knowledge and skills are some of the major factors influencing digital preservation sustainability in academic libraries. This study, therefore, recommends that these institutions can address some of the digital preservation challenges if they leverage on these factors. The study also made several recommendations on how digital preservation can be successfully implemented, and it further proposed a framework for preservation of digital resources in academic libraries, mapped to international preservation models and standards. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)