This essay explores the challenges that we as teachers in the extended school can face whenimplementing sustainable special educational methods. With a specific focus on the TEACCHmethod and the use of visual support in communication. Our intention is that we, based on ourstories and experiences, will investigate what can hinder this development work and whetherthere are any success factors for us as leaders at the after-school center. The primary questionsare ”What is it that makes it so difficult to implement sustainable development work withTEACCH in the work teams?” and ”What kind of leaders do we need to be to be able to leadthis sustainable development work?”. As a research method, we use the essay form as we,through the reflexive writing, among other things want to see who we are as leaders andwhich leaders we need to be in an effective development work. In our reflection, we explorewhat knowledge we at the after-school center need to have in the treatment of students in needof special knowledge and understanding. We also reflect on how we gain new importantknowledge and how we as leaders convey that knowledge. / Denna essä utforskar de utmaningar vi som lärare i fritidshem kan möta vid implementeringav hållbara specialpedagogiska arbetssätt. Detta med fokus på tydliggörande pedagogik ochbilder som visuellt stöd i kommunikation. Syftet är att vi, utifrån våra berättelser ocherfarenheter, ska undersöka vad som kan försvåra detta utvecklingsarbete och om det finnsnågra framgångsfaktorer för oss som ledare på fritidshemmet. De primära frågorna är ”Vad ärdet som gör att det är så svårt att implementera ett hållbart utvecklingsarbete medtydliggörande pedagogik i arbetslagen?” och ”Vilka typer av ledare behöver vi vara för attkunna leda detta hållbara utvecklingsarbete?”. Som undersökningsmetod använder vi oss avessäformen då vi, genom det reflexiva skrivandet, bland annat vill få syn på vilka vi är somledare och vilka ledare vi behöver vara i ett effektivt utvecklingsarbete. I vår reflektionutforskar vi vilken kunskap vi på fritidshemmet behöver ha i bemötandet av elever i behov avsärskild kunskap och förståelse. Vi reflekterar även över hur vi får ny viktig kunskap och hurvi som ledare förmedlar den kunskapen.

Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change and as one of the world's most densely populated countries, the consequences are devastating for millions of people, not least for women who have limited mobility in a strong patriarchal society like Bangladesh (Momtaz, Shameem, 2015). Sweden has a well-known development cooperation with the country that has lasted for several decades. For a long time, SIDA has, on behalf of the government, developed projects in the country to promote both gender equality and climate issues. The purpose of this study is to critically examine SIDA, the Swedish aid authority, how they work with the gender mainstreaming in environmental projects in Bangladesh. The study uses a specific environmental project in Bangladesh that spans a large geographical area across the country. Primary data are semi-structured interviews in combination with official documents developed by SIDA. The sample of interviewees is a snowball selection and the respondents consist of relevant NGOs working in the environmental project as well as individuals employed by SIDA who have expertise in the various areas relevant to the thesis. The results will be analyzed based on our analytical framework on gender integration and how to adapt the integration at different stages in development work to achieve this process. Finally, the study will examine how Swedish aid works with the gender mainstream in the climate program in Bangladesh, and then we will conclude how to use the tools available. The conclusion presents an overall picture of how SIDA uses the gender mainstream for overall purposes and has tools for development, but that the human factor plays a big role in the management work with environmental projects if it is as well integrated as it should be.

The purpose of this case study was to identify what contributes to motivate elementary teachers to make progress in their profession through development work. A secondary purpose was to find out what aspects of motivation emerge when the theme of professional development were: teacher-student relationships and strategies for a peaceful education environment. Data was collected through mail surveys with open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews with teachers from preschool up to the 3rd grade. Based on a qualitative thematic analysis using self determination theory collected material was analyzed. The themes located were contextual learning, learning with colleagues and participation. Something to observe is the importance of contextual learning. The teachers emphasize their desire for professional development and that they want to take part in methods that are useful in their profession, they also want to discuss issues that concern their current daily work. It appears that teachers appreciate learning with colleagues, they want to meet, discuss, and exchange experiences. It turns out that development work is not characterized by co-determination. Content and participation are determined by the school´s management and the teachers express an increased support from their principals for the development work to further motivate them.   Conclusions: Those responsible for the teachers´ professional development do not make full use of what the research highlights as successful methods. There are reasonable conditions for eliciting all factors of intrinsic motivation in the self-determination theory and it has the potential to contribute to successful and sustainable professional development for teachers. The result of this study points to soft values such as work with good teacher-student relationships, strategies for a peaceful education environment and professional development where a sense of belonging through collegial learning.   A recommendation for further studies in the field could be focusing on successful methods for professional development and how they can be implemented in developmental work. / Syftet med denna fallstudie är att identifiera vad som bidrar till motivation, hos lärare i årskurs F-3, när de ämnar utveckla sin profession genom utvecklingsarbete med temat trygghet och studiero. Data samlades in genom mailenkäter med öppna frågor och semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare från förskoleklass upp till årskurs 3. Baserat på en kvalitativ tematisk analys med självbestämmandeteorin som analytiskt ramverk analyserades insamlat material. Teman som lokaliserades var kontextuellt lärande, kollegialt lärande och delaktighet. Något att observera är vikten av kontextuellt lärande. Lärarna framhåller sin vilja till professionell utveckling och att de vill ta del av metoder som är användbara i deras yrke, de vill också diskutera frågor som rör deras nuvarande dagliga arbete. Lärarna värderar högt att lära sig tillsammans med kollegor, de vill träffas, diskutera och utbyta erfarenheter. Det visar sig emellertid att utvecklingsarbetet är präglat av lågt medbestämmande där innehåll och delaktighet bestäms av skolledningen. Lärarna uttrycker en önskan om ökat stöd från ledningen för att utvecklingsarbetet ytterligare ska motivera dem.   Slutsatser: De som ansvarar för lärarnas professionella utveckling använder sig inte fullt ut av vad forskningen lyfter fram som framgångsrika metoder. Det finns rimliga förutsättningar för att framkalla alla faktorer för inneboende motivation i självbestämmande teorin och det har potential att bidra till framgångsrik och hållbar professionell utveckling för lärare. Resultatet av studien pekar på värdet av mjuka värden som arbete med trygghet och studiero och professionell utveckling med en känsla av samhörighet genom kollegialt lärande.   En rekommendation för framtida forskning har fokus på hur framgångsrika metoder för professionell utveckling kan implementeras i utvecklingsarbete.

The purpose of this case study was to identify what contributes to motivate elementary teachers to make progress in their profession through development work. A secondary purpose was to find out what aspects of motivation emerge when the theme of professional development were: teacher-student relationships and strategies for a peaceful education environment. Data was collected through mail surveys with open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews with teachers from preschool up to the 3rd grade. Based on a qualitative thematic analysis using self determination theory collected material was analyzed. The themes located were contextual learning, learning with colleagues and participation. Something to observe is the importance of contextual learning. The teachers emphasize their desire for professional development and that they want to take part in methods that are useful in their profession, they also want to discuss issues that concern their current daily work. It appears that teachers appreciate learning with colleagues, they want to meet, discuss, and exchange experiences. It turns out that development work is not characterized by co-determination. Content and participation are determined by the schools management and the teachers express an increased support from their principals for the development work to further motivate them.   Conclusions: Those responsible for the teachers´ professional development do not make full use of what the research highlights as successful methods. There are reasonable conditions for eliciting all factors of intrinsic motivation in the self-determination theory and it has the potential to contribute to successful and sustainable professional development for teachers. The result of this study points to soft values such as work with good teacher-student relationships, strategies for a peaceful education environment and professional development where a sense of belonging through collegial learning.   A recommendation for further studies in the field could be focusing on successful methods for professional development and how they can be implemented in developmental work. / Syftet med denna fallstudie är att identifiera vad som bidrar till motivation, hos lärare i årskurs F-3, när de ämnar utveckla sin profession genom utvecklingsarbete med temat trygghet och studiero. Data samlades in genom mailenkäter med öppna frågor och semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare från förskoleklass upp till årskurs 3. Baserat på en kvalitativ tematisk analys med självbestämmandeteorin som analytiskt ramverk analyserades insamlat material. Teman som lokaliserades var kontextuellt lärande, kollegialt lärande och delaktighet. Något att observera är vikten av kontextuellt lärande. Lärarna framhåller sin vilja till professionell utveckling och att de vill ta del av metoder som är användbara i deras yrke, de vill också diskutera frågor som rör deras nuvarande dagliga arbete. Lärarna värderar högt att lära sig tillsammans med kollegor, de vill träffas, diskutera och utbyta erfarenheter. Det visar sig emellertid att utvecklingsarbetet är präglat av lågt medbestämmande där innehåll och delaktighet bestäms av skolledningen. Lärarna uttrycker en önskan om ökat stöd från ledningen för att utvecklingsarbetet ytterligare ska motivera dem.   Slutsatser: De som ansvarar för lärarnas professionella utveckling använder sig inte fullt ut av vad forskningen lyfter fram som framgångsrika metoder. Det finns rimliga förutsättningar för att framkalla alla faktorer för inneboende motivation i självbestämmande teorin och det har potential att bidra till framgångsrik och hållbar professionell utveckling för lärare. Resultatet av studien pekar på värdet av mjuka värden som arbete med trygghet och studiero och professionell utveckling med en känsla av samhörighet genom kollegialt lärande.   En rekommendation för framtida forskning har fokus på hur framgångsrika metoder för professionell utveckling kan implementeras i utvecklingsarbete.

My dissertation comes out of claim that the exploitation of library for children in kindergarten isn't systematically processed. But, it is apparent, acording international research (PIRLS, PISA), that the existence of library for children has positive influence to the development of reading literacy. The objective of my dissertation was the charting of the role of libraries for children in kindergarten. The dissertation were finding out how the library for children are used in kindergartens. What we need to build up to the functional library was the next topic of my dissertation. Both main topics were examinated in qualitative research. I used the design of case studying. I closely charted three cases of kindergarten where the library for children is used. It is needed to add relevant literature, interactive books and attractive books (inside and ouside). This way brings perfect and full using of library. Apart of this, it is the same with the appearence of the library. It is essential to captivate with attractive and nice appearence by children and adults too. KEYWORDS Children's library in the kindergarten, preschool children, preprimary education, work with books, books for children, readers, development, reading literacy, methods, case study.

Syftet med studien i föreliggande uppsats är att pröva hur dimensionella modellen kan bedöma de avsikter skolchefen formulerar för att förbättra fritidshemmets undervisning, för att, i ett nästa steg, bidra i det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet.  Frågeställningen undersöker på vilket sätt den dimensionella modellens kvalitativa bedömningskriterier kan bidra, dels med kvalitativa bedömningar av skolchefens avsikter att förbättra fritidshemmets undervisning, dels fungera som underlag att generera formativa frågor för kommande systematiska kvalitetsarbete.  Denna kvalitativa, deduktiva studie använder systemteori som utgångspunkt. Teorin utgår från tanken att skolors likaväl som skolsystems kultur och historia ser olika ut, varför insatser behöver differentieras för att motsvara skolans uppdrag. System avser i det här fallet helheter, bildade av individer och organisationer.  Medvetenhet om detta gör det lättare att orientera sig i skolans komplexa verksamhet och det blir möjligt att förändra och därmed förbättra.  Empiriskt material inhämtades ur grundskolors huvudmannaplaner. Resultatet visar en bild där fritidshemmet är relativt osynligt, särskilt gällande utbildningsuppdraget. Skolchefens avsikter likaså. Dimensionella modellen bidrog till bilden genom att belysa centrala dimensioner i planerna samt med underlag för formativa frågor. Slutsatsen är att planerna har ett stort utrymme till förbättring, utifrån samtliga dimensionerna. I utrymmet framträder frågor att använda formativt för att förbättra måluppfyllelsen i fritidshemmet. / The aim is to test how The Dimensional model can assess the intentions formulated by the Superintendent to improve teaching in the LtCs, to, in the following, contribute to the systematic quality work.   The question examines how The Dimensional model's qualitative assessment criteria can con-tribute, partly with qualitative assessments of the Superintendents' intentions to improve teaching in the LtCs and partly serve as a basis for generating Formative questions for future Systematic quality Development Work.   This qualitative, deductive study uses Systems Theory as starting point. The theory is based on the idea that schools as well as school systems look different in terms of culture and history, which is why efforts need to be differentiated to meet the purpose. Here, systems are wholes, formed by individuals and organizations. Awareness of this makes it easier to orientate oneself in complex activities in schools and it becomes possible to change and thus also improve.   Data was gathered from Plans of the Schoolboard for the compulsory school.   The results draw a picture of the LtCs being relatively undetectable. That is also true for the aims of the Superintendent. The Dimensional model added to the picture by illustrating core dimensions in the Plans and well as Formative questions.    The conclusion is that the Plans have a lot of room for improvement. In that gap, questions emerge to use formatively to improve the fulfillment of goals in the LtCs.

The thesis deals with the theoretic concept of Contextual Pedagogy and its application in the context of a disempowered and marginalized society, the Ju/'hoansi ("Bushmen") of Nyae Nyae in North Eastern Namibia. Contextual Pedagogy derives from the notion of Contextual Theology and is thus initially based on a pedagogical analysis of the KAI ROS-Document, whereby its sociopolitical content and its inherent methodology are being transferred into a context of pedagogy. Referring to theoretical concepts of Critical Theory and Liberation Pedagogy, Conditional Fields are being identified in a first analysis which determine and explain the pedagogical situation in a colonial context of Apartheid South Africa. During a three-year qualitative field research, central aspects of Contextual Pedagogy are being applied within the framework of the development of a post-colonial and community-based school programme in Nyae Nyae, the Village Schools Project. This school programme comprises a curriculum for a teacher training course as well as a curriculum for Grade 1-3 learners in five selected villages of Nyae Nyae, and is based on the dynamic processes between the communities, the Student Teachers and the author as their Teacher Trainer and Village Schools Co-ordinator. A further theoretical evaluation and reflexion of the field research gives rise to a pedagogical superstructure of Contextual Pedagogy, which also investigates the notions of power, empowerment and over-empowerment within a context of development work. By doing so, the previous Conditional Fields of pedagogic work within a theoretical framework of Contextual Pedagogy become extended in relevance for a pedagogical context of a post-colonial society with special reference to marginalized subjects. In conclusion, the finalization of the research project and its subsequent handing-over process to the Namibian government analyzes the paralyzing effects of an excessive bureaucracy, and the resurgence of conservative and colonial thought in the young and fragile democracy of Namibia. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Didactics)

The objective of the present study is to produce knowledge about how children, things, documents, computers, teachers, templates and other entities take part in and produce documentation in preschool systematic quality development work. The thesis asks questions about how and what is produced as quality in preschool documentation. Through a posthumanist agential realist approach, the study engages empirically in video recordings of preschool documentation practices from one Swedish preschool, and in documentation from four other Swedish preschools. The results, presented in four articles, show that documentation practice is complex and entangled with a variety of entities, human and non-human, and spaces and time. The study shows how children’s participation in production of documentation does not depend on which documentation method is used. In the study, objects such as computers, images and coloured labels, together with teachers’ attitudes and agendas, have an impact on the way that children are involved in producing documentation. The results also show that the products of documentation, intra-acting with a local template, with past and present preschool traditions and policies, produce rather than represent certain elements of quality such as teachers’ actions, children’s interests and thematic work. The thesis produces knowledge about how the focus of preschool documentation shifts away from individual children and towards teachers’ activities, and creates possibilities for what preschool practices and quality may become. / Syftet med föreliggande studie är att producera kunskap om hur barn, ting, dokument, datorer, lärare, mallar och andra entiteter deltar i och producerar dokumentation i förskolans systematiska kvalitetsarbete. I avhandlingen ställs frågor om hur och vad som produceras som kvalitet i dokumentation i förskolan. Utifrån det posthumanistiska perspektivet agentisk realism, skapas empiriskt material med hjälp av videoinspelningar från en svensk förskolas dokumentationspraktik och dokumentation från fyra andra svenska förskolor. Resultaten presenteras i fyra artiklar och visar att dokumentationspraktiken är komplex och sammanflätad med en mängd olika entiteter, mänskliga och icke-mänskliga, samt med plats och tid. Studien visar hur barns delaktighet i att producera dokumentation inte enbart styrs av den dokumentationsmetod som används. I studien har ting som datorer, bilder och färgade etiketter, tillsammans med lärarnas attityder och agendor, inverkan på det sätt som barn är delaktiga i att producera dokumentation. Resultaten visar också att dokumentationen, i intra-aktion med en lokal mall, med tidigare och rådande traditioner och styrdokument för förskolan, producerar snarare än representerar specifika aspekter av kvalitet, såsom förskollärares aktivitet, barns intressen och tematiskt arbete. Avhandlingen ger kunskap om hur fokus för dokumentation i förskolan förskjuts från enskilda barn mot förskollärares aktivitet, samtidigt som dokumentationen skapar nya möjligheter för vad förskolans verksamhet och kvalitet kan bli.

When collective action for community is defined as local development or as a struggle for survival different understandings are in focus. Politically, this kind of community action is defined as local development and understood in terms of growth and economics. An economic approach to community action is also emphasised in the EU-programmes that support local development groups and projects. On the other hand local groups describe their activities as a struggle for community and community survival. Inspired by feministic research approaches and with an interest in human aspects and values this study investigates meanings of community action as experienced and expressed by rural inhabitants and activists. The study is based on fieldwork that was carried out in a small rural community in the northern inlands of Sweden: Trehörningsjö. Since the middle of the 1990s, the women in Trehörningsjö have driven collective action to uphold the community. With its point of departure in the community and expanding into the arenas of reserach and politics, the study takes on the form of a reflexive research process in which the researcher's former knowledge and new understandings are made visible and discussed parallel with the interpretations made. The main focus of the study is the activist's demand of voice, visibility and worth. The first chapter presents the local community and provides a background to the study. The chapter includes an account of the reflexive approach that widened the field of research from a local to a translocal study of community action. In chapters two, three, four and five the struggle for community is reflected through fieldwork experiences in Trehörningsjö and other arenas beyond the village. Situated events and instances of collective action such as the fight for the local health care centre, are analysed as symbolic expressions of community values and rural importance. From chapter two and onwards, the study follows the footsteps of the leading female activist in and beyond the community itself; that is, the day-to-day work, meetings, conferences and other places where community action is acted out. The struggle for community is proven to focus on translocal rather than local action. In chapter six the fieldwork experiences - that tell about resistance and a struggle for community values and perspectives - are placed in the wider context of the rural development movement, local development research and governmental rural policy in Sweden. On all these arenas community action tend to be interpreted as local development in line with a growth perspective, rather than as community protests and struggles that expresses other meanings. Chapter seven takes the analyses and discussion further, and relates community struggle to concepts such as civil society and social economy. Anthony Giddens concept of life politics and Alberto Meluccis concept of collective action are used to deepen the analysis on how humane meanings and relation based aspects of community action are made invisible on the political "growht and development" agenda. Community struggle presents a possibility for rural inhabitants to (re)define and reclaim their community and themselves as important and valuable. However, to be able to understand what the concept of community struggle expresses, and demands, it needs to be acknowledged as a form of action that has the potential to challenge established bureaucratic and political defintions, which, in practice, proves to be difficult.

The thesis deals with the theoretic concept of Contextual Pedagogy and its application in the context of a disempowered and marginalized society, the Ju/'hoansi ("Bushmen") of Nyae Nyae in North Eastern Namibia. Contextual Pedagogy derives from the notion of Contextual Theology and is thus initially based on a pedagogical analysis of the KAI ROS-Document, whereby its sociopolitical content and its inherent methodology are being transferred into a context of pedagogy. Referring to theoretical concepts of Critical Theory and Liberation Pedagogy, Conditional Fields are being identified in a first analysis which determine and explain the pedagogical situation in a colonial context of Apartheid South Africa. During a three-year qualitative field research, central aspects of Contextual Pedagogy are being applied within the framework of the development of a post-colonial and community-based school programme in Nyae Nyae, the Village Schools Project. This school programme comprises a curriculum for a teacher training course as well as a curriculum for Grade 1-3 learners in five selected villages of Nyae Nyae, and is based on the dynamic processes between the communities, the Student Teachers and the author as their Teacher Trainer and Village Schools Co-ordinator. A further theoretical evaluation and reflexion of the field research gives rise to a pedagogical superstructure of Contextual Pedagogy, which also investigates the notions of power, empowerment and over-empowerment within a context of development work. By doing so, the previous Conditional Fields of pedagogic work within a theoretical framework of Contextual Pedagogy become extended in relevance for a pedagogical context of a post-colonial society with special reference to marginalized subjects. In conclusion, the finalization of the research project and its subsequent handing-over process to the Namibian government analyzes the paralyzing effects of an excessive bureaucracy, and the resurgence of conservative and colonial thought in the young and fragile democracy of Namibia. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Didactics)