Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-22T14:58:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese_JoaoGuilherme.pdf: 3983936 bytes, checksum: 537864cef5e8774fd0f3413491833300 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T14:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese_JoaoGuilherme.pdf: 3983936 bytes, checksum: 537864cef5e8774fd0f3413491833300 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / Este trabalho investiga o processo de construção histórica do discurso visual da notícia, com especial atenção para as rupturas e regularidades associadas as esferas da teoria e da prática da fotografia de imprensa. Sobre tais reconfigurações, buscamos observar de que forma a atividade fotojornalística e, consequentemente, suas cadeias de produção, edição e circulação de conteúdo, vêm absorvendo algumas dessas mudanças, as quais assinalam para “novos contextos” tanto em nível processual (gestão de processos) como no que se relaciona ao nível procedimental (técnico) da atividade. Para isso, buscamos estabelecer um processo classificatório para as características direcionadas ao fotojornalismo que se concentrassem em três grandes esferas (ou dimensões): a dimensão técnica (relacionada à questões de rotina), a dimensão estética (atrelada a ideia de codificação da atividade) e a dimensão deontológica. Tal escolha foi norteada pela necessidade de agrupar particularidades que representassem importantes subatividades articuladas à atividade fotojornalística. Ademais, podemos destacar entre os objetivos apontados para esta tese a identifcação, por meio de uma análise diacrônica de 15 manuais de fotojornalismo, do processo de construção das orientações alusivas às dimensões técnica, estética e deontológica da atividade. Tal análise evolutiva das orientações sobre tais as dimensões, através de seus manuais, apresenta uma abordagem investigativa que aponta para zonas de tensão / “transições de status” (ou, segundo Foucault (1987), fenômeno de ruptura) nos campos da produção, edição e circulação das imagens voltadas para a imprensa. Essa perspectiva oferece um novo olhar sobre a história evolutiva dos processos que compõem as esferas teórica e prática do fotojornalismo. Partindo dessas considerações, estabelecemos três hipóteses principais para o trabalho: a primeira hipótese aborda os manuais de fotojornalismo sob uma perspectiva que permite a identificação de regularidades, acumulações e rupturas nas dimensões técnica, estética e deontológica A segunda hipótese postulada adverte que as regularidades, acumulações e rupturas aqui específicas permitemnos ressaltar para consolidação de um campo (Bordieu, 2003) para o fotojornalismo. Por fim, a terceira hipótese trabalhada nesse material indica o surgimento de um sujeito-autor na cadeia fotojornalística: o manulista. / This work investigates the historical construction process of the visual news speech, with special attention to the ruptures and regularities associated with the sphere of theory and practice of press photography. On such reconfigurations, we observed how the photojournalistic activity and, consequently, their chains of production, editing and circulation of content, have been absorbing some of these changes, which indicates for "new contexts" both in procedural level (process management) as in what relates to the technical level of activity. For this, we have established a classification process for the features related to photojournalism which to focus on three major spheres (or dimensions): the technical dimension (related to routine issues), the aesthetic dimension (linked the idea of codification of activity) and the ethical dimension. This choice was guided by the need to group characteristics that represent major sub-activities articulated to photojournalistic activity. Moreover, we can stand out among the objectives apointed for this thesis the identifcation, through a diachronic analysis of 15 manuals of photojournalism, of the construction process of allusive guidelines for technical, aesthetic and ethical activity. This evolutionary analysis of guidelines on such dimensions, through its guides, presents an investigative approach that points to areas of tension / "status transitions" (or, according to Foucault (1987), breaking phenomenon) in the fields of production, editing and circulation of images aimed at the press. This perspective offers a new look at the evolutionary history of the processes that make up the theoretical and practical spheres of photojournalism. Based on these considerations, we have established three hipothesis for our thesis: the first hypothesis presents the photojournalism manuals from a perspective that allows the identification of regularities, accumulations and ruptures in the technical, aesthetic and deotological The second hypothesis postulated warns that the regularities, accumulations and specific breaks allow us to emphasize consolidation of a field (Bourdieu 2003) for photojournalism. Finally, the third hypothesis worked in this material indicates the emergence of a subject-author in photojournalistic chain: the "manualista".

The research focuses on the contraband´s spatial interactions that arise front to spatial structure, organization and pre existing complementary links, we identified through a diachronic analysis, establishing our field of study as the geographic area we call Trinational Macro Region: southern Peru, northern Chile and western Bolivia. This activity generates spatial dynamics and flows that are developed in the context of globalization and these exploit existing comparative advantages, i.e. the status of being neighbouring countries, the strategic location with respect to South America and the rest of the world, the communication channels, the absence of the state in these regions and price differentiation between licit products and contraband ones. These dynamic and flows, these are spatialize under various strategies adopted to transport contraband, storage and distribution of products. / La investigación se centra en las interacciones espaciales del contrabando que surgen frentea una estructura espacial, organización y vínculos de complementariedad preexistentes, que identificamos mediante un análisis diacrónico, estableciendo como nuestro campo de estudio el área geográfica que denominamos macrorregión trinacional: el sur del Perú, el norte de Chiley el noroeste de Boliva. Esta actividad genera dinámicas espaciales y flujos que se desarrollan en el contexto de la globalización y aprovechan las ventajas comparativas existentes, es decir, la condición de ser países fronterizos, la localización estratégica con respecto a América del Sur y el resto del mundo, las vías de comunicación, la débil presencia del Estado en estas regiones y la diferenciación de precios entre los productos lícitos y los de contrabando. Estas dinámicas y flujos se espacializan bajo diversas estrategias que adopta el contrabando para el traslado, almacenamiento y distribución de los productos.

Le paysage urbain contemporain tunisien, caractérisé par une forte hétérogénéité paysagère s’interroge quant aux facteurs de son émergence. La ville de Monastir en constitue un bon exemple d’analyse des transformations urbaines. Elle se caractérise, notamment, par un taux d’urbanisation élevée de 100% et une croissance différentielle dans le temps et dans l’espace. Cette recherche s’intègre dans les domaines de l’architecture, de l’urbanisme, de la syntaxe spatiale et de la planification territoriale. Elle s’interroge sur l’évolution du paysage urbain de la commune de Monastir (de 1956 à 2013). Le but est de chercher des indicateurs de visibilité quant à la dynamique de la commune dans son contexte d’hétérogénéité morpho-fonctionnelle. Ce travail a entrepris une logique progressive d’appréhension de l’ensemble de l’environnement urbain et de sa continuité culturelle. La mise en place d’une approche globale de la structure spatiale de la commune de Monastir qui porte, d’une part, sur l’analyse diachronique, et d’autre part, sur l’analyse synchronique, a permis de dégager plusieurs faits de paysages urbains. Ils se matérialisent, notamment, par l’identification de la genèse des centralités diffuses associée à des formes non hiérarchisées socio-spatiales. Ces disparités phénoménologues urbaines nous ont conduit à adapter la syntaxe spatiale pour mieux cerner la réalité de l’environnement de la commune de Monastir dans sa totalité où la médiation paysagère y prédomine. / The contemporary Tunisian urban landscape, characterized by a strong heterogeneity, wonders about the factors of its emergence. The city of Monastir is an excellent example of the analysis of urban transformations. This city is characterized, especially, by a high urbanization rate of 100% and differential growth in time and space. This research lies into the fields of architecture, urbanism, space syntax and territorial planning. This work questions the evolution of the urban landscape of the municipality of Monastir from 1956 to 2013. An objective is to search for a series of visibility indices on the city dynamics in its context of morphofunctional heterogeneity. This work undertook a gradual logic of apprehension of the urban environment and its cultural continuity.The establishment of a global approach to the spatial structure of the municipality of Monastir, on the diachronic analysis, and on the synchronic analysis, respectively, allowed us to model several facts of urban landscapes. This materializes, in particular, by identifying the genesis of diffuse centralities associated with non-hierarchical socio-spatial forms. These urban phenomenologists’ disparities have led us to adapt current spatial syntax measures in order to provide a better understanding of the reality of the whole environment of the municipality of Monastir, and where the landscape mediation dominates.

The purpose of this paper is to work out criteria for selection of Russian conjunctions for the Swedish-Russian and Russian-Swedish dictionary Mini+ and to suggest a list of conjunctions to be included in it. The present study aims at collecting information, classifying it and examining Russian conjunctions in present-day Russian. The study also systemizes gathered material according to its diachronic features and makes corpus-based co-occurrence analysis, using Russian National Corpus (RNC) and Google Scholar. The paper presents a list of conjunctions to be included into the Russian part of the lexicon, based primarily on their grammatical and stylistic criteria as well as the results of the corpus-based frequency analysis. The choice takes into consideration limitations in size of the given dictionary. Out of a total 272 conjunctions, 55 were chosen for the Russian Swedish Mini+ dictionary. The major group (35) is simple conjunctions that frequently occur in corpus-based search and that are necessary to build basic grammar structures as well as other compound conjunctions, ex. а, даже, едва, если, чтобы, хотя. The second group (13) is compound conjunctions that are important for building most frequent subordinate clauses. The third group (7) is compound conjunctions that frequently occur in corpora.

The concept of "family" has undergone major changes over the past 50 years. This thesis examines changes in attitudes and values that can be detected in German and Swedish during this time. In order to investigate these changes in the concept of "family" I have analyzed how the German focus word Familie and the Swedish focus word familj are used in newspaper articles from the 1960s, 1980s and early 2000s. The empirical data consists of German and Swedish newspaper corpora from the three different periods. The theoretical point of departure is a social constructionist perspective, where family is considered to be something constructed and negotiated in language use. The method is corpus linguistic discourse analysis: compound words, collocations and multi-word patterns that include the focus words are analyzed using large text corpora. The study is both about changes in HOW the words familj and Familie are used and WHAT is said about the family in public language use. The thesis shows changes in both Swedish and German language use. I conclude that two different sub-concepts are being constructed and negotiated: the family as a GROUP OF PERSONS and family as a WAY OF LIVING TOGETHER. As regards the family as a group of persons this sub-concept has undergone major changes during the period studied. Differences in Swedish and German language use indicate more and sometimes earlier changes in the Swedish concept of family. The sub-concept of family as a way of living together is more constant. The observed changes can also be seen against a background of Swedish and German conceptual norms of family that do not change to the same extent. New family structures such as nätverksfamiljer (reconstituted families) and regnbågsfamiljer (rainbow families) are partly constructed as deviations from these conceptual norms. The thesis also shows that the sub-concept of family as a group of persons has become even more complex, especially in Swedish language use and particularly in so-called bio boxes, where pets are mentioned as family members and couples without children label themselves as familj. / Begreppet ”familj” har genomgått stora förändringar de senaste 50 åren. I den här avhandlingen studeras vilka förändringar i synsätt och värderingar som kan upptäckas i det tyska och det svenska språkbruket under denna tid. För att undersöka dessa förändringar i begreppet ”familj” analyseras hur det tyska fokusordet Familie och det svenska fokusordet familj används i tidningstext från 1960-talet, 1980-talet och början av 2000-talet. Det empiriska materialet består av tyska och svenska tidningskorpusar från de tre olika perioderna. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv, där familj betraktas som någonting som konstrueras och förhandlas i språkanvändning. Metoden är korpuslingvistisk diskursanalys: med hjälp av stora textkorpusar analyseras sammansatta ord, kollokationer och flerordsmönster där fokusorden ingår. Det handlar här både om förändringar i HUR orden familj och Familie används och i VAD som sägs om familj i offentligt språkbruk. Avhandlingen visar på förändringar i både den svenska och den tyska språkanvändningen. Jag kommer fram till att två olika delbegrepp konstrueras och förhandlas: familj som PERSONGRUPP och familj som SAMLEVNADSFORM. När det gäller familj som persongrupp genomgår det delbegreppet stora förändringar under den studerade tidsperioden. Förändringarna visar sig vara större och ibland tidigare i det svenska materialet än i det tyska materialet. Delbegreppet familj som samlevnadsform är mer konstant. De förändringar som kan observeras sker också mot en bakgrund av svenska och tyska normbilder av familj, som inte förändras i samma grad. Nya familjebildningar som nätverksfamiljer och regnbågsfamiljer konstrueras delvis som avvikelser från dessa normbilder. Avhandlingen visar också att delbegreppet familj som persongrupp blir allt mer mångfacetterat, särskilt i svenskt språkbruk och i synnerhet i s.k. faktarutor, där även husdjur nämns som familjemedlemmar och par utan barn får etiketten familj.

En el presente estudio realizaré un análisis diacrónico de la representación de la autorrealización en cinco poemas seleccionados sobre el Camino de Santiago. Los poemas elegidos son los siguientes, en orden cronológico: “Don Gaiferos de Mormaltán” de un autor anónimo, “A Santiago” de Fray Luis de León, “Camino blanco, viejo camino” de Rosalía de Castro, “Peregrino” de Luis Cernuda y “El Camino de Santiago” de Francisco Vaquerizo. Los textos mencionados representan poemas que han sido escritos desde la Edad Media hasta la actualidad. El presente análisis se concentra en el tema de la autorrealización y cómo se representa en la poesía del Camino de Santiago, y, además, analizamos el camino como símbolo de la vida. El análisis se realiza en cinco secciones y cada una corresponde a un poema seleccionado. Cada sección se divide entre los dos temas esenciales: la representación de la autorrealización y el camino como símbolo de la vida. Por último, hacemos un breve análisis comparativo entre los poemas. El análisis se realiza a través de la teoría de isotopías de Greimas (1966) y unos conceptos poéticos de Bousoño (1962) y Lapesa (1962). Además, las reflexiones se basan en el análisis en los conceptos de Kurt Goldstein (1940) y Abraham Maslow (1943) sobre el concepto de la autorrealización. Por lo tanto, la teoría isotópica funciona como una herramienta retórica para buscar las palabras de cada poema que tiene el mismo sentido semántico en común. Los resultados del análisis muestran un fuerte deseo de seguir adelante, no volver atrás y tener una creencia firme religiosa o espiritual para continuar el camino. Además, es posible percibir el camino como un símbolo de la vida, dado que hay un movimiento con un comienzo y un fin en la mayoría de los textos. Los resultados igualmente indican que hay ciertos aspectos similares en relación con la autorrealización tanto el poema de la Edad Media como en el poema del siglo XXI.