This thesis deals with the beginnings of the Japanese nationalism. It examines the role of the Sino- Japanese war of 1894-1895 in these beginnings in relation to other national consciousness forming factors. Govermental activities, such as education system and army reforms, and the effort to stress the emperor as a symbol of the Japanese people, and also activities of the intelectual strata, who influenced the society mainly through journalism, were especially prominent among them. It stresses the importance of the period media (newspapers, illustrated magazines, woodcut prints) and early modern theatre to the spread of the national consciousness among masses. It also shows how the way the war was conveyed in the media influenced the view the Japanese had of themselves and of the neighbouring countries. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Using dirt and cleaning as a point of departure, I have examined how categorization and intentionality affects our perception of value. The work is partly performative in its nature where this performativity sets the limelight on the transition between categories: From dirt to craft, from irrational behaviour to art. In the artistic process, I have used coffee rings on table cloths, shoeprints on wallpapers and  the act of mopping as a means of questioning. Through this, I also reveal and question hierarchies in society. The essay discusses and theoretically relates to the artistic work. / Med utgångspunkt i smuts har jag underökt hur kategorisering och intentionalitet påverkar vår uppfattning av värde. Arbetet är delvis performativt till sin natur, där denna performativitet sätter fokus på övergången från en kategori till en annan: Från smuts till konsthantverk, från irrationellt beteende till konst. I den konstnärliga processen har jag använt mig av kafferingar på dukar, skoavtryck på tapeter och moppande av golv som medel för ifrågasättande. PÅ detta vis blottlägger och ifrågasätter jag hierarkier i samhället. I uppsatsen diskuterar jag och relaterar teoretiskt till det konstnärliga arbetet.

The aim of this work is to explore the joining of inspiration, such as different garments and materials, in relation to commonly used methods in the fashion industry when it comes to joining of different trends and references such as clashing and collaging. The work proposes a new method and framework for join- ing inspiration which generates different results depending on what kind of inspiration that is put in to it. A garment can roughly be broken down to a silhouette and shape, materials and details. The material put in to the method and framework is based on information from trend seminars for SS16, because that is how many of today’s trend-oriented fashion brands get there inspiration. Trendy garment silhouettes are mixed through processes of computational morphing in Adobe Flash by a generation of spin in the mixing process were shape hints are used in a new manner. The new generated silhouettes are further developed and materialized through procedures of interpretation and figuration. Different trendy materials are melded in a direct and concrete way through mixed media techniques such as laminating, fusing and vacuum-techniques. The final steps of the method is a garment shape and material synthesis with starting point in the generated shape with the final material. The projects intention is to let the physical experimentation, interpretation and figuration play a central role in the research process for new types of methods, garments, materials and expressive pos- sibilities.

This thesis explores the relationship between image and text in four devotional books printed in Münster Germany between 1589 and 1660, and shows how this relationship supported the Catholic confessionalization programs of the three prince-bishops of those years. These confessionalization strategies, though varied, all emphasized the reinforcement of religious conformity leading to the consolidation of the authority of the ecclesiastical and secular leadership of the prince-bishop. The success of the confessionalization strategies of the three prince-bishops through this medium were the result of three contributing factors. The first of these was the printer of the works, the Raesfeldt printing house, which held a printing monopoly from all three of the prince-bishops. The second factor was the Jesuits who were responsible for education and indoctrination in Münster and shaped a significant portion of this literature. The last contributing factor was the readers, a group with a relatively wide spectrum of abilities in literacy who bought, read, and exchanged the books. Among the readers were a significant number of women readers who took up the confessional message of these books, wound it into their devotional lives, and strove to perpetuate Catholic piety within their homes. Although conventional wisdom suggests that images played a minor role in such programs, images were crucial elements in the communication of Catholic orthodoxy. This thesis shows how images were an equal partner in the conveyance of a nuanced Catholic confessional message in which the text directed a specific Catholic viewing and reading experience. The majority of the images do not carry an intrinsic Catholic message but rather present a traditional visual vocabulary that established an unbroken lineage between the Catholic Church and the pre-Reformation Church. These images provided the standard recurring theme around which the confessionalization message of the text was fashioned. As a distinctly regional literature, these devotional works reveal a localized Catholic response to Protestant polemic. They give valuable insight into the influence of confessionalization programs on regional devotional practices. The lasting effects of these confessionalization programs are still visible in Münster’s Catholic character today.

The aim of this doctoral thesis is to explore how art was mediated and given meaning in the environment of an urban media culture in Stockholm during the second part of the 18th century. It comprises studies of how art was distributed on the market, how it was discussed in the press and how it was exhibited in public. It also includes an analytical orientation toward mixing of concepts and values, rather than purifying them into categories such as elite and popular. Art is approached as an open concept of investigation. The thesis presents three studies. The first discusses art as concepts and subject matter in papers, pamphlets and encyclopaedias, with a critical stand against the historiography emphasizing the establishment of the 'fine arts'.  The second situates art in two parallel practises of showing art in public, exhibitions arranged by the Academy of Arts and the Auction Chamber's public sales. The third deals with prints on the market, a medium equally recognized as one of the fine arts and as a visual mass medium. All studies also consider notions of interaction, public, and social class. Two overarching arguments are developed. The first concerns media cultural functions as mechanisms of cultural transgression. This argument points to the mixing of international and local, regarding both themes in the press and prints on the market. It also stresses the mixing of art, commerce, and entertainment, in the dual character of both the academy's exhibitions and the auction's sales. The second argument consists in pointing to alternative cuts, by which I suggest discursive relations between art, luxury, entertainment, and knowledge. These are areas that, since the 18th century, have often been kept apart, but were nonetheless deeply interwoven. One overarchig pattern studied throughout the thesis is the 18th-century linking of the fine arts as well as luxury, entertainment, and knowledge to a perceptually defined subject.

Mon travail de recherche se propose de combler des lacunes concernant l’iconogaphie des femmes sud-américaines. Etant donné l’absence d’écoles d’art ainsi que d’ateliers d’impression en Grande Colombie jusqu’à la première moitié du XIXe siècle, les images en général sont rares. Quand on en trouve, il s’agit des portraits de quelques femmes extraordinaires comme des saintes ou des épouses des hauts fonctionnaires, donc des représentantes d’une minorité aisée et créole. Les artistes locaux ont surtout peint les grands hommes et notamment les héros des jeunes Républiques. En revanche, sur la vie quotidienne de la plupart des femmes, qu’elles soient Indiennes, Métisses, Noires ou même Créoles, nous n’avons que très peu de témoignages. La Grande Colombie comme la Nouvelle Grenade, par ailleurs, souffrait d’un manque d’attrait. Cette région n’a jamais représentée dans l’imaginaire des voyageurs européens, les richesses légendaires des vice-royautés du Pérou ou de la Nouvelle Espagne (Mexique). C’est seulement à l’orée du XIXe siècle que cette zone équatoriale commence à faire parler d’elle et ce changement significatif est dû au grand voyage scientifique de Humboldt et Bonpland. Grâce à la médiatisation de ces explorateurs, un nombre important de voyageurs français décide de suivre leurs pas. Parmi eux, un petit nombre écrit et publie des récits illustrés. Leurs gravures et lithographies apportent donc les documents nécessaires pour combler en partie le vide pictural féminin. Ces images n’ont jusque là pas suscitées d’études historiques approfondies d’autant qu’elles ont longtemps été considérées comme des simples ornements accompagnant le texte. Cette thèse propose de démontrer, au contraire, le rôle primordial de cette iconographie, sa puissance symbolique et sa contribution au discours qui caractérise alors la littérature de voyage. Qu’elles soient guidées par des observations concrètes ou par la pure imagination, ces descriptions picturales et littéraires permettent de dégager les principaux stéréotypes élaborés sur les femmes grande-colombiennes et ce malgré leur riche multiplicité. / The aim of this thesis is to fill in certain gaps in the iconographic treatment of South American women. Due to the lack of art schools and printing workshops in Gran Colombia through the first half of the nineteenth century, images in general are rare. The existing works are portraits of such extraordinary women as saints or wives of important officials, thus representatives of a wealthy Creole minority. Local artists tended to choose as subjects prominent men, notably the heroes of the young Republics. By contrast, the daily lives of most women, whether Indian, Métis, Black or even Creole, were rarely featured. In addition, like New Granada, Gran Colombia suffered from a relative lack of attractiveness. In the imagination of European travelers this region never represented the legendary wealth of Viceroyalties like Peru or New Spain (Mexico). It was only at the dawn of the nineteenth century that this equatorial zone attracted significant interest due in large part to the great scientific exploration of Humboldt and Bonpland. Thanks to their many publications, a large number of French travelers decided to follow their footsteps. Among them, a small group wrote and published illustrated volumes. Their engravings and lithographs provide the material needed to restore at least partially the lack of female images. To this point such iconography has not generated in-depth historical study, since it has long been considered merely ornamental and secondary to the text. This thesis proposes to demonstrate the contrary by focusing upon the sizeable role of this iconography, its symbolic power and its contribution to the discourse then characteristic of travel literature. Based upon specific observations or drawn purely from imagination, these pictorial and literary descriptions enable the identification of the principal stereotypes developed to characterize Gran Colombian women, despite the fact of their rich cultural multiplicity. / La presente tesis busca llenar algunos vacíos existentes en los estudios sobre la representación iconográfica de las mujeres suramericanas. Debido a la ausencia de escuelas de Bellas Artes y talleres de impresión en la Gran Colombia hasta mediados del siglo XIX, la producción general de imágenes era escasa. Los artistas locales apostaban por retratar a hombres influyentes, particularmente los héroes de la naciente República, y las pocas obras sobre mujeres que se realizaban correspondían a santas o esposas de los altos funcionarios, representantes de la opulenta minoría criolla. Son entonces pocos los testimonios iconográficos que se conservan de la vida cotidiana de la mayoría de las mujeres de origen amerindio, mestizo, negro e incluso criollo. La Gran Colombia sufría además de la misma falta de atracción que aisló durante siglos a la Nueva Granada: en el imaginario de los viajeros europeos, la región no se comparaba con la legendaria riqueza de los virreinatos de Perú y Nueva España. Sólo hasta principios del siglo XIX, la América equinoccial se convirtió en un centro de interés tras las expediciones científicas de Humboldt y Bonpland. Gracias a sus múltiples publicaciones, varios viajeros franceses decidieron seguir sus pasos, publicando, además, sus relatos de viaje ilustrados con grabados y litografías. Unos trabajos que proveen el material necesario para suplir, al menos parcialmente, la ausencia de imágenes femeninas en la Gran Colombia. Hasta la fecha, esta iconografía no ha generado estudios históricos específicos pues ha sido considerada siempre ornamental y secundaria frente al texto de los relatos. El objetivo de este estudio es entonces demostrar lo contrario, revelando su papel protagónico, su poder simbólico y su influencia en el discurso literario característico de los relatos de viajeros. Por tanto, ya sean inspiradas por la imaginación o guiadas por la observación empírica, las descripciones pictóricas y literarias de estos relatos permiten la identificación de los principales estereotipos elaborados sobre las mujeres grancolombianas a pesar de su heterogeneidad cultural.

L’auteur inventorie les sources iconographiques de la plupart des quelque 250 peintures de l’église Sainte-Bethléem et de la cathédrale Saint-Sauveur de la cité arménienne de la Nouvelle-Djoulfa, dans les faubourgs d’Ispahan. Elle établit que ces sources, contrairement à la thèse qui faisait autorité depuis plus de cinquante ans, ne sont pas des xylographies du graveur Christoffel Van Sichem, mais des estampes de la Bible de Natalis, ouvrage jésuite publié pour la première fois à Anvers en 1593.<p><p>L’auteur démontre qu’il existe également une autre source, à savoir l’album Thesaurus veteris et novi Testamenti de l’éditeur anversois de confession calviniste G. de Jode, dont la première publication date de 1579 et dont les planches furent reprises, entre autres, dans l’album Theatrum Biblicum publié à Amsterdam à partir de 1639 par l’éditeur C. J. Visscher. Une comparaison avec des miniatures de l’école de la Nouvelle-Djoulfa conservés au Matenadaran et à la BNF permet de confirmer que ces deux albums sont parvenus dans la cité arménienne. Enfin, la thèse recense plusieurs estampes isolées qui ont aussi servi de modèle aux peintures murales.<p><p>Par une étude stylistique comparée mettant en évidence la transformation caractéristique de certains modèles utilisés, l’auteur établit que les peintres impliqués dans la décoration de l’église Sainte-Bethléem et de la cathédrale Saint-Sauveur sont des artistes de la cité, dont l’un au moins a une connaissance approfondie des techniques et des conventions de l’art pictural occidental. Dans le même temps, elle fait ressortir le fait que l’influence de la gravure flamande sur l’art pictural arménien se traduit à la fois par un renouvellement des formes et par une évolution de certains contenus et signale que le rayonnement de la Nouvelle-Djoulfa en prolonge les effets tant en Arménie que dans d’autres communautés de la diaspora arménienne.<p><p>Enfin, en fournissant plusieurs exemples inédits témoignant de l’influence internationale de l’art flamand de cette époque – et tout particulièrement des œuvres de Maarten De Vos – par le truchement de la gravure, l’auteur ouvre des pistes de recherche tant en Perse que dans d’autres zones géographiques. / Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

(in English): This study focuses on the faculty libraries of the Charles University in Prague. More precisely, it deals with their collections of manuscripts, old and rare books. The introductory chapters are dedicated to theoretical basis of protection and preservation of historical documents. The main body of the thesis is created by an analysis of historical collections in particular libraries. This analysis is based on a questionnaire survey, on study of sources and on a research carried out during an actual visit to these libraries. Each chapter includes a brief history of the faculty library, the origin of the collection, and other important features such as the size of the collection, its thematic focus and especially the details of the way it is stored and available to readers. Another important focus of this study is to express the needs, the aims and experience of these faculty libraries. A more detailed study is dedicated to the library of The Protestant Theological Faculty. It includes a report about my research into the actual physical condition of the collection. The concluding and summarizing part of this thesis consists of thematically structured chapters, diagrams and tables which try to give an overall perspective on the situation. It tries to define the common grounds and...

From 1494 until 1512, around a dozen securely datable prints containing or relating to music were published in the city of Salamanca in present-day Spain. To date, these works have not been considered as a group. This thesis takes the perspective of the Salmantine printers to examine this corpus. To do so, the study gathers methods and secondary sources from a variety of fields, particularly combining history of the Iberian book with musicology. The thesis establishes Juan de Porras as the dominant printer in Salmantine music printing production with prominent connections to the Fonseca family, particularly the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, Alfonso II de Fonseca. Music production was also motivated by liturgical reforms sweeping across the Peninsula, as well as related language reforms occurring at the University of Salamanca. While liturgical prints had pre-established markets and patrons, marketing techniques in the music treatises show that these works were targeted to different segments of Iberian society. The thesis includes three appendices which 1) collate all identifiable persons in the prints, 2) present a catalogue of Salmantine music prints from 1494 to 1512, and 3) compare music types used in the liturgical books of the corpus.

Das Kreuzherrenkloster Hohenbusch bei Erkelenz (Niederrhein) wurde 1802 während der Säkularisation linksrheinischer Gebiete aufgehoben. Etwa 130 Handschriften und frühe Drucke aus seiner Bibliothek befinden sich heute vorwiegend in der Diözesanbibliothek Köln sowie in München, Brüssel, New York u.a. Ein 1801 im Auftrag der französischen Verwaltung erstelltes Inventar von 265 konfiszierten Büchern bildet das einzige Verzeichnis der ehemaligen Klosterbibliothek. Auf der Grundlage dieses Inventars und der erhaltenen Bestände unternimmt die Studie eine Teilrekonstruktion der Bibliothek. Schreibhände, Buchschmuck, Einbände, Besitzeinträge und Marginalien werden erfasst und beschrieben. Die inhaltliche Analyse des Bestandes belegt, dass sich Geschichte, Spiritualität und intellektuelle Ausrichtung des Klosters auch im Restbestand der Bibliothek spiegeln. Um sich in kulturhistorischer, interdisziplinärer Herangehensweise der sozialen und kulturellen Lebenswelt der Kreuzherren zu nähern, wird die Metapher des ‚Wissensraums‘ verwendet. Von dreidimensionaler Beschränkung befreit, umschreibt sie die Bibliothek als dynamischen Wissenskatalysator, der zu verschiedenen Zeiten die Generierung neuen Wissens auf der Grundlage vorhandener Informationen ermöglicht. Zwei Bestandsschnitte bei den Jahren 1520 und 1700 belegen so den Wandel des Klosters: Verstand es sich anfangs als geistlich-seelsorglich ausgerichtetes Haus, das später für die ordensinterne Ausbildung bedeutend wurde, ließen zuletzt Grundbesitz und zunehmender Wohlstand juristisch-administrative Fragen in den Vordergrund treten. / The Crosier monastery of Hohenbusch, situated between Cologne and Aix-la-Chapelle, was dissolved in 1802, on the occasion of the secularization of church property. About 130 manuscripts and early prints from the canonry’s library survived in the diocesan library of Cologne, as well as in libraries in Munich, Brussels, New York etc. An inventory of 265 confiscated books, drawn up on behalf of the French administration in 1801, represents the only description of the former monastery library. The study attempts a reconstruction of the library based on this inventory, and on the material properties of the extant books. Script, book illumination, binding, ownership records and marginal notes in the books are therefore described. An analysis of the contents of the known books shows that they still reflect the history, spirituality, and intellectual bias of the canonry. The German metaphor ‘Wissensraum’ (knowledge space) shall help to approach the social and cultural life of the Crosiers. Perceived as a cultural concept beyond all restrictions of space, the metaphor aims to describe the library as a dynamic instrument which allows generating new knowledge based on existing information. A look on two segments of the library, the first up to the year 1520, the second up to 1700, shows how the monastery changed: Starting in a spiritual and pastoral orientation, it became an important house for the spiritual formation of novices, while at the end, due to its increasing land ownership, and prosperity, legal and administrative questions predominated.