The purpose of this case study is to gain a deepened understanding of how employees within the home care sector experience their work in general and their working conditions in particular based on which emotions they experience and how the employees handle these emotions. In order to answer the purpose and questions raised in the study, five semistructured interviews were held with home care workers. The study subjects were asked questions aiming to get them to share their knowledge and experiences regarding their working situation. The gathered empirical material was then analyzed with the help of emotional sociological theories and concepts as well as with parts of Goffman´s dramaturgical perspective. The results of the study show that employees working within the home care sector experience a wide range of emotions, where stress is one of the most frequently experienced emotions. Stress is experienced mainly due to the subjects experiencing their work as high demanding and that they lack control over their work. The results also showed that the employees use a mixed approach to their work. On the one hand, the study subjects experience that their identities are closely linked to their work and that close relationships are formed with the home care recipients. On the other hand, the subjects emphasize the importance of separating their individual personal from their professional role as caregivers in order to avoid emotional strains. In their relationship with the home care recipients, the employees must take in to account various emotional rules and the social exchange is characterized by an imbalance in the relationship between home care recipients and workers. Another key aspect of the home care employees working situation emerging from this study is a certain lack of the posterior region which appears during the subject’s lunch breaks. During the lunch break work related topics are discussed and the care giver might have to finish their lunch break early in order to assist a colleague or care recipient.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Sociology of dance is an evolving discipline that takes as a central focus the social makeup of dance – the societal structures and individual agency that are inherent within dance activity and practice. Relevant ethnographic literature that adopts particular sociological concepts and models is generally narrow in focus, with attention centred on the frameworks of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault and the conformation of vocational and professional ballet and contemporary dancer minds and bodies, to particular practice-specific behaviours and beliefs. Through drawing on Erving Goffman's (1959/1990) model of dramaturgy, this interdisciplinary thesis uncovers and interrogates the two-way relationship between sociological micro relations (social interactions), and various types of dance activity and practice. Six case studies undertaken encompass a wide range of dance and social settings; the professional ballet class, inclusive creative dance class, line dancing class, salsa club, Highland dancing class, and dance in primary education. Data was collected through undertaking participant observation (primary method) and qualitative interviews (secondary method): each specific combination was influenced by the reflexive approach followed, the nature and setting of each case study and as researcher, my own dance ability. The transcripts and field notes were analysed and situated within Goffman's (1959/1990) framework to interrogate the social and dance ‘performances' given. The research aims to firstly, uncover and present the nature of the ‘realities' (Goffman, 1959/1990) within each setting and secondly, to interrogate and demonstrate the applicability of the dramaturgical model to dance scholarship. The findings reflect the sociological binary of individual agency and societal structures as realities were shaped by the ‘place' of each dance activity and practice in the field of dance, and challenged, maintained or supported existing dominant perceptions.

Bilden individen har om sin identitet har förändrats och gått från att ha varit en stadig tanke om jaget till en rörlig, modern identitet (Jenkins, 2004) som anpassas beroende på situation. Syftet med denna uppsats är att visa hur identitetskonstruktion sker i en blogg; den undersöker hur bloggskribenten påverkas av läsarnas kommentarer i bloggen Kissies.se. Detta har undersökts med en hermeneutisk Närläsningsmetod med fokus på bloggkaraktären Kissie och hennes bloggläsare. Utgångspunkten för tolkningen av materialet är teorin om Intrycksstyrning av Erving Goffman (2000), som är del i hans Dramaturgiska perspektiv och behandlar maskerna vi bär och människors skådespel i sociala sammanhang. Intrycksstyrning appliceras på den digitala kommunikationsprocessen i bloggsfären, och går ut på att författaren försöker styra uppfattningen läsaren får genom det hon skriver. Undersökningen fokuserar på läsarnas respons och hur denna påverkar inläggen i bloggen. Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att presentera multipla identiteter via bloggen Kissies.se, men inte utan att de spelar in i varandra. Kissie och bloggskaparen Alexandra smälter ibland ihop till en persona i blogginläggen. Detta skapar förvirring och visar sig i kommentarfältet. När den tuffa masken är lagd åt sidan, är det troligt att det är bloggarens känsliga sida som kommer fram i det hon publicerar. Detta försvårar läsarens möjlighet att identifiera bloggidentiteten Kissie, som de är vana att läsa om. Vidare kan för denna studie konstateras, att det är läsarnas respons och ett kommunikativt samspel mellan skribent och läsare som avgör om möjligheten till identitetskonstruktion och såmed bloggkommunikationens kvalitet. Hänger inte läsarna med i bytet mellan Kissie och Alexandra, faller kommunikationsprocessen och hela identitetskonstruktionen med den. / Aim and purpose of this thesis is to show how a young Swedish blogging professional, engages in displaying multiple identities online, how these constructed identities are perceived by the readers in the commentary field under the blog entries and affects the ongoing writing process. The chosen focus is on a blogger called Kissie. A hermeneutical Close reading method is used. The theoretical framework is based on Erving Goffmans (2000) thoughts on Impression management within his Dramaturgical perspective theory, about the figurative masks we wear in social contexts. Impression management is applied on the digital communication process in the blogsphere, where the blogger Kissie directs the perceiption of the readers on her page Kissies.se, by writing in a certain way. The study centers on the reactions of the blog readers and how they influence the blog entries on Kissies.se. Conclusions show, it is possible for the blogger to handle multiple personas, but they interfere with each other and their occurrence confuses the readers. Results show that the persona Kissie and the creator Alexandra at some points partly morph into each other and both show in the blog entries. A lack of understanding on how to separate the different texts in the blog entries splits up the readers’ and their responses, because of their unsureness of who to associate the text with. The blog posts might be published by the blog identity Kissie, but the feedback goes straight to Alexandra, the creator of the blog and she is the one who gets the criticism. When her tough mask is put aside, it is likely her sensitive self is exposed in the delicate posts which she publishes. This challenges the reader’s ability to identify the personality of the blog identity Kissie with whom they are familiar with and the whole identity construction process. The crucial part in this case, is the blog readers’ feedback; without their interaction, the identity construction and whole blog communication process is destroyed.

Background: The report Laga efter Läge (Rapport, 2020: 4) states that there is limited knowledge about the effects of the Act on collaboration for patients and care recipients. The report emphasizes that the discharge process has changed at a rapid pace, which they mean can challenges both coordination and care recipients' participation and security. The law of Sweden contains an intention for legal recognition of human beings. Swedish legislation also regulates various principals (region, primary care and municipality) in the health and care sector and their respective responsibilities for the individual. The study is based on the fact that the individual is a central part but also as an intersection between these various principals in their collaboration and the legislation's intention of recognition and self-determination. The discharge-process itself is a broad and in some case relatively explored field within the health and care sector, but relatively unexplored from a social work perspective. In that sense that earlier studies have contributed with perspectives on how professionals, elderly and relatives experience different moments in how practice is done, it may be valuable to take note of the elderly people´s own experiences to contribute with increased knowledge among healthcare and social-care professionals in their daily work. Purpose: The purpose is to describe and analyse how older people understand and relate to being discharged from hospital care in order to instead receive support and care in their own home. A special focus will be on their ability to influence and participate during this care transition. The analysis will be based on theories of recognition and social psychological role theory. Method: The study was based on a hermeneutic approach and the empirical material was collected by using a qualitative semi-structured telephone-interviews with 12 people with the age of 70-90 years old. The analysis was based on a hermeneutic analytic method with the theoretical approach of recognition by Honneth (2000/2003) and Heidegren (2009) and concepts from Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective. Results and conclusion: The study indicates that elderly people are heterogeneous in terms on how they experience participation and self-determination in the discharge process from hospital to home and in their own home with home-care. The study resulted in four different themes; the role as individual, patient and care recipient; Recognition from other as individual, patient and care recipient; Recognition in practice and Compliance or struggle for recognition. One main finding in the study was that the elderly had different ways of considering their own role as part in the discharge process, the view of being included as active part or put their trust in the hands of professionals and relatives to plan for their continued support and help at home. It appeared that the elderly themselves not alone sets the terms of participation and autonomy in the discharge process without this being something that is also assured to the individual from others (professionals and relatives). Finally, it emerged that for the participating individuals in the study who did not experience participation, recognition and self-determination in the discharge process, ended up with a choice of how to handle the experience of lack of self-determination and recognition. Either compliance or the choice to go to battle to ensure a desired recognition. The overall conclusion is that the elderly are not involved and experience self-determination in the care transition as the intention is in legislation.

The theoretical background to this study is Goffman's dramaturgical perspective and his concept of identity. The purpose of the study is to investigate the significance of the beard for how men present themselves in everyday life. To answer the purpose of this study, qualitative semi-structured interview was chosen as the method. Three important themes emerged through thematization. The expressive beard, the symbolic beard and the significant beard. A combination of these themes creates an overview, which together through the dramaturgical approach enables an overall picture of the beard bearer's identity. The results from this study confirm that the respondents use their beards both consciously and unconsciously to influence the environment based on the situation they are in. Furthermore, the study explores the symbolic meaning that the beard expresses and the deeper meaning that the beard has for the beard bearer. / Den teoretiska bakgrunden till denna studie är Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv och hans identitetsbegrepp. Syftet med studien är att undersöka skäggets betydelse för hur män framställer sig själva i vardagslivet. För att svara på syftet i denna studie valdes kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervju som metod. Genom tematisering framkom tre viktiga teman. Det uttrycksfulla skägget, det symboliska skägget och det betydelsefulla skägget. En sammansättning av dessa teman skapar en översikt, vilka gemensamt genom den dramaturgiska ansatsen möjliggör en helhetsbild av skäggbärarens identitet. Resultaten från denna studie bekräftar att respondenterna använder sitt skägg både medvetet och omedvetet för att påverka omgivningen utifrån vilken situation de befinner sig i. Vidare kartlägger studien den symboliska innebörd som skägget uttrycker samt den djupare mening som skägget har för skäggbäraren.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka relationen mellan hund och boende på äldreboende i olika vardagssituationer samt hur relationen mellan hund och äldre på äldreboende påverkar den äldres välbefinnande. Deltagande observationer samt en kompletterande semistrukturerad intervju har använts för att införskaffa data. Observationerna genomfördes under hundträffar på ett äldreboende och det var även på äldreboendet den semistrukturerade intervjun genomfördes. Datamaterialet analyserades genom tillämpning av Goffmans interaktionsteori och Aaron Antonovskys teori känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Resultatet påvisade att hundar bidrog med glädje och engagemang hos de äldre under den direkta interaktionen. Hundarna hade en stor betydelse för hur interaktionerna utformades. Det är även möjligt att hundträffarna bidrog till en mer meningsfull vardag för de äldre. Utifrån detta kan hundträffar antas vara en betydelsefull insats som skulle vara effektiv hos institutionaliserade äldre. Insatsen skulle även kunna vara betydelsefull inom andra målgrupper men för att detta ska säkerställas krävs vidare forskning på området. Sammanfattningsvis har studien förhoppningsvis bidragit till att förbättra förståelsen för en insats som kan motverka problemet med ensamhet inom den institutionaliserade äldrevården. / The aim of this study is to examine the dog resident relationship in a nursing home within different everyday situations. In addition, the aim is also to examine how the relationship between a dog and the elderly in a nursing home affects the well-being of the elderly. Participant observations and a complementary semi-structured interview have been used to acquire data. The observations were carried out during dog meetings at a nursing home, which was also the case with the semi-structured interview. The data was analysed through Goffman's interaction theory and Aaron Antonovskys theory Sense of Coherence. The results showed that dogs contributed to the happiness and commitment of the elderly during their direct interaction. The dogs had a great influence over the interactions. It is also possible that the dog meetings contributed to a more meaningful everyday life for the elderly. Based on this, dog meetings can be assumed to be a significant intervention that would be effective in institutionalized elderly. The effort could also be significant within other target groups, but to ensure this, further research in the area is required. In summary, the study has hopefully contributed to improving the understanding of an intervention that can counter the problem of loneliness within institutionalized care for the elderly.

Denna studie vid namn ”Ja, jag har behövt ljuga där också”, är författad av Mirzet Honsic och Mirtill Varga. Då icke vaccinerade personer utgör en liten del av den svenska befolkningen gällande covid-19 vaccin, är syftet med studien att belysa hur denna minoritet kan tänka sig att agera då vaccinet kommer på tals. Syftet är även att få en större förståelse för hur deras agerande kan komma att påverka deras relationer som de har med sin omgivning. För att uppfylla syftet har kvalitativa metoder använts, där empirin samlats in med hjälp av fem semistrukturerade intervjuer som utgjordes av tre kvinnor och två men i olika åldrar. Studien tar avstamp i Ervin Goffmans två teorier om stigma samt det dramaturgiska perspektivet, som sedan kombinerats med varandra i syftet att analysera empirin.  Resultatet av studien belyser att de ovaccinerade framträtt på olika sätt i olika sociala sammanhang, detta utifrån att antingen vara ärliga om sin vaccinationsstatus eller oärliga.  Effekten av deras agerande blev att de accepterades av de vaccinerade de gångerna de valt att ljuga. De accepterades även av dem som var ovaccinerade när de var ärliga samt av de vaccinerade som valt att sympatiserade med dem. Deras relationer påverkades enbart negativt när de valde att tala sanning inför dem som vägrade att sympatisera med deras åsikter, som i detta fall utgjordes av de vaccinerade. Deras övriga relationer förblev oförändrad med dem som accepterade dem oavsett vilken vaccinationsstatus de själva hade. Det hela berodde på vilken relationen som fanns mellan deltagaren och omgivningen. / This study named "Yes, I had to lie there as well", is authored by Mirzet Honsic and Mirtill Varga. Since non-vaccinated people make up for a small part of the Swedish population regarding the covid-19 vaccine, the aim of the study is to highlight how this minority might act when the topic of the vaccine comes up. The aim is also to gain a greater understanding of how their actions may affect their relationships with their surroundings. To fulfill the purpose, the qualitative method was chosen, where the empirical evidence has been collected with the help of five semi-structured interviews which consisted of three women and two men of different ages. The study is based on Ervin Goffman's two theories on stigma and the dramaturgical perspective, which have then been combined with each other in order to analyze the empirical evidence. The results of the study highlights that the unvaccinated appeared in different ways in different social contexts, based on either being honest about their vaccination status or being dishonest. The effect of their actions was that they were accepted by the vaccinated people those times they chose to lie about it. They were also accepted by those who were unvaccinated when they were honest and by the vaccinated who chose to sympathize with them. Their relationships were only negatively affected when they chose to speak the truth to those who refused to sympathize with their views, which in this case consisted of the vaccinated people. Their other relationships remained unchanged with those who accepted them regardless of their own vaccination status. It all depended on the relationship between the participant and the environment.

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding about the police profession's impact on the singular individual, with a focus on roles, regions and emotions. The main question is to understand if and then so, how individuals outside of work will be affected of the profession and professional events. In order to answer this question I carried out six semi-structured in-depth interviews with police officers who worked at the main office in a police region in a midsize city in Sweden. To ensure reliability and allow readers to conduct their own assessments the quotations in this study are anonymous. The analysis of the collected material is based on selected parts of Goffman's theories about dramaturgical perspective as well as selected emotion theories. Those theoretical frameworks are focused to explain, understand and see the consequences for the individual roles, role characters, emotions and the emotional work; which is what this study focuses on. Previous researches has brought inspiration for this study purpose and question, but also given me a deeper understanding of the professionalism of the Police. This study confirms that a certain distinction about the professional role and the individual role is desirable when a small or no personal distinction at all regarding the occupation or workplace can result in stress or burnout. The study shows that Police employees may also be imposed on the front region professionally, when interacting with others when the audience knows the profession of the individual, which results in a lack posterior region where the individual is forced to act upon the audience's expectations of police professionalism. The fact that it is the audience that decides the region and role definition as well as the persona identity of the police together with the social norms and legislation that the police is obliged to act upon it shows that it is hard for the police to step out of the profession and the role of the police even out of duty. The study also shows that the police profession also could be seen thru an emotional aspect where the emotions of the individual both are bought and sold. The emotions of the police could be restricted to the time duty when the police are inclined to act with confidence, respect and self-control. / Syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse kring det polisiära yrkets påverkan på den enskilde individen med fokus på roller, regioner samt emotioner. Påverkas individen utanför arbetet av yrket och yrkeshändelser och i så fall hur? För att besvara studiens frågeställning genomfördes sex stycken halvstrukturerade djupintervjuer med poliser som arbetar i yttre tjänst i en mellanstor svensk stad. För att säkerställa reliabiliteten samt tillåta läsarna att genomföra egna bedömningar lyfts anonymiserade och analyserade citat i studiens resultat och analysdel. Analyseringen av materialet sker utifrån valda delar av Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv samt valda emotionsteorier. De teoretiska referensramarna fokuserar på att förklara, förstå samt se konsekvenser för individuella roller, rollgestalter, emotioner och det emotionella arbetet utifrån olika faktorer. Tidigare forskning inom ämnesområdet har tillfört både inspiration för denna studies syfte och frågeställning, men även gett en djupare förståelse för det polisiära yrket. Denna studie visar att en viss distinktion kring yrkesrollen och den individuella rollen är önskvärd då en liten eller ingen distinktion kring yrket eller arbetsplatsen kan resultera i både stress och utbrändhet. Polisanställda kan även påtvingas den främre yrkesrollsgestalten under interaktion med andra om publiken får veta individens yrkesroll, detta resulterar i en avsaknad bakre region där individen tvingas agera utifrån publikens polisära egenskapsförväntningar. På grund av att publiken bestämmer region och rollgestalt samt polisförordningens lagar, som inkluderar bestämmelser som även tjänstlediga poliser måste tillämpa, kan en personlighetsförändring upplevas av antingen omgivningen eller av individen själv. Polisyrket ska även ses som ett emotionsarbete där individens känslor både är köpta och sålda. Polisens emotioner är begränsade under arbetstid då poliser ska agera med aktning, utge en förtroendegivande känsla samt ha självkontroll.

Ce mémoire analyse les trajectoires de sortie de communautés juives ultraorthodoxes. Plus précisément, il cherche à mettre en lumière le processus par lequel certains juifs hassidiques parviennent à s’affranchir de leur communauté d’origine. Dans une recherche alliant entrevues, notes de terrain et observation,notre étude montre comment malgré la présence d’un fort contrôle social au sein de ces communautés ultra-religieuses certains de leurs membres le déjouent. Ce mémoire vise à repérer et à analyser les stratégies d’adaptation et les ruses mises en place par les hassidim pour échapper au contrôle et ainsi enclencher le processus de sortie. À la lumière de la théorie goffmanienne nous montrons comment dans un environnement contrôlant,les individus réussissent à s’aménager des marges de manoeuvre. C’est en se créant des espaces de liberté durant le processus de sortie qu’ils parviennent à avoir les coudées franches pour s’en affranchir définitivement. / This master’s thesis analyses the paths taken by individuals who exit ultraorthodox Jewish communities. More precisely, it illuminates the process by which certain Hasidim take it upon themselves to leave behind the lifestyle and the community in which they were born and raised. My research primarily uses interviews and field notes to show how certain individuals manage to exit such ultra-religious communities despite the presence of strong social controls to prevent leaving. This study examines adjustment strategies and ruses used by Hasidim to avoid religious control and prompt their departure process. Drawing from Goffman’s theory, I will show how in a controlled environment individuals are still able to succeed in creating some marges de manoeuvre. These particular spaces of liberty shaped by each individual allow for the ultimate success of completely leaving the community.