Practices to promote gender equality and equal opportunities for men and women have become an important part of many organizations' agenda. However, women are still experiencing challenges in career advancement to a larger extent than men. This is due to structural, cultural and societal factors and other types of discrimination against women. This thesis aims to explore the experienced challenges and opportunities for career advancement by women in the Swedish energy industry, a male dominated industry. Although Sweden is a leading country regarding gender equality, women are still paid less and are exposed to discrimination and subordination. The energy industry has made efforts to improve gender equality, focusing on wage and gender distribution, but there is still more to be done to achieve equal opportunities for men and women. This thesis combines qualitative and quantitative methods and presents empirical data on women’s experiences of career and its challenges and opportunities. The empirical data is based on a survey with female respondents that are members of an organization that promotes gender equality within the energy industry. The findings indicate that the women experience both structural and cultural discrimination in their organizations, where they often are subordinated to men. Furthermore, results also indicate that men empower other men in career advancement in the organizations. Moreover, the current gender order together with gender structures create challenges for women in their careers in male dominated industries. However, there are situations where the respondents describe how they benefit from their gender minority situation, indicating opportunities for career advancement. / Jämställdhet och lika möjligheter för män och kvinnor har blivit en viktig del av organisationers arbete. Däremot upplever fortfarande kvinnor utmaningar gällande karriärutveckling i större utsträckning än män. Dessa utmaningar baseras bland annat på strukturell, kulturell och samhällelig diskriminering mot kvinnor. Den här avhandlingen syftar till att utforska de upplevda utmaningarna och möjligheterna för karriärutveckling hos kvinnor i den svenska energibranschen, vilken är en mansdominerad bransch. Även om Sverige är ledande inom jämställdhet mellan könen så tjänar kvinnor mindre än män samt utsätts för diskriminering och blir underordnade. Energibranschen har under den senaste tiden gjort ansträngningar för att förbättra jämställdhet mellan könen, där man fokuserat på lön och könsfördelning, men det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att göra för att uppnå samma möjligheter för män och kvinnor. Denna uppsats kombinerar kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder och presenterar empiriska data på kvinnors erfarenheter kring karriär och dess utmaningar och möjligheter. Den empiriska data är baserad på en enkät med deltagare från en organisation som arbetar för jämställdhet i energibranschen. Resultaten tyder på att kvinnorna i studien upplever såväl strukturell som kulturell diskriminering i deras organisationer, där de ofta upplevs underordnade till män. Vidare indikerar resultaten att män stöttar andra män i karriärutveckling i de deltagande kvinnornas organisationer. Dessutom, den nuvarande könsordningen kombinerat med informella definitioner av manlighet och kvinnlighet skapar utmaningar för kvinnor och deras karriärer i mansdominerade industrier. Å andra sidan, finns det situationer där kvinnorna i studien upplever att de drar nytta från deras könsminoritet vilket indikerar möjligheter för karriärutveckling.

The objective of the current study is to explore and identify the Critical Success Factors (CSFs), which impact upon the effective implementation of Human Resource Development (HRD) initiatives in support of nationalisation, and to recommend a model for practical application and future research. Accordingly the study focused on identifying and analysing the various factors in the localisation of a workforce with regard to five broad categories, namely: national level factors, organisational (policies and practices related) factors, organisational (HR related) factors, individual level (expatriate and experienced staff related) factors and individual level (UAE national related) factors. The data for the study was collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods were used to develop an in-depth case study of the Emiratisation process in an oil and gas organisation, as well as for identifying the critical success factors to be included in the survey questionnaire for collecting the quantitative data. The results of the study indicated that the critical success factors identified in the study are part of a complicated reality and need to be managed to ensure success of the localisation of a workforce. The mean scores obtained on the various factors differed significantly across the organisations or sub groups of respondents used in the study. This indicates that the impact of various factors that facilitate or constrain the localisation efforts are highly contextual and organisation specific. The findings of the study revealed valuable insights that could enrich not only future research in the area, but also the practical application of HR tools and methods to support the localisation process. The current study also developed a model for practical application and future research in the area. The model identified the role of HR strategies and tools as critical for managing the CSFs and ensuring the success of the process of localisation. The model developed in the current study also emphasises the need to define the 'success' of localisation in much broader terms, by addressing complex issues such as, employee morale and motivation, expectations of all employees, including expatriates and so forth, rather than just focusing on the number of UAE nationals employed and their competencies. The current study also identified some of the limitations of the study and highlighted suggestions for future research.

Digital technology has made a significant impact on various markets in recent years, and the energy industry is no exception. Therefore, it is crucial for companies in the industry to stay at the forefront of development and innovation in digitalization to remain competitive as the digital change unfolds. The purpose of this study is to investigate how large companies in the energy industry can design a marketing plan based on internal and external factors to streamline their marketing.   The study has achieved its purpose by designing a marketing plan for the case company Omexom for their new digitalization services. Additionally, the study has explored how a major company in the energy industry can leverage Porter's Five Forces to develop marketing strategies for the new digitalization services. The study was conducted through interviews with selected employees of the company and one of the suppliers, as well as through a literature review of chosen theories. Porter's Five Forces is a method to assess a company's competitiveness in the market and to analyze the underlying structure of the industry and its external forces. The study found that large companies in the energy sector can use Porter's Five Forces to gain a clearer understanding of the current market dynamics, identify new entrants, assess the threat of substitutes, and evaluate the bargaining power of suppliers and customers. The results indicated that examining existing competitors clarified how the company differentiates itself from them, thus enabling the formulation of a marketing plan accordingly. Understanding the bargaining power of customers was also found to be crucial in designing a marketing plan tailored to the segments and target consumers identified for the digitalization services. Based on the examination of Porter's Five Forces, a marketing plan has been developed for the company's new digitalization services. This plan outlines strategies to capitalize on strengths, address weaknesses, and seize opportunities in the market while mitigating potential threats. The study underscores the importance of strategic planning and leveraging market analysis tools in navigating the evolving landscape of the energy industry amidst digital transformation. / Den digitala tekniken har under de senaste åren gjort genomslag på många olika marknader. Likaså står energibranschen inför en digital förändring. Det är därför av stor vikt att företag inom branschen ligger i framkant med utveckling och innovationer inom digitalisering för att stanna kvar på marknaden när förändringen sker. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur stora företag inom energibranschen kan utforma en marknadsplan utifrån interna och externa faktorer för att effektivisera sin marknadsföring.  Studien har uppfyllt sitt syfte då en marknadsplan har utformats åt fallföretaget Omexom för deras nya digitaliseringstjänster. Utöver det har studien även undersökt hur ett stort företag inom energibranschen kan använda sig av Porters fem krafter för att utveckla marknadsstrategier för de nya digitaliseringstjänsterna. Undersökningen har skett via intervjuer med utvalda anställda på Omexom och leverantören samt genom en litteraturstudie inom valda teorier. Porters fem krafter är en metod för att ta reda på hur konkurrenskraftig ett företag är på marknaden samt för att analysera branschens underliggande struktur och vad som formar industrins konkurrens. Studien påträffade att stora företag inom energibranschen kan använda Porters fem krafter för att få en tydligare bild av den aktuella marknaden och nya aktörer som kan ta sig in på marknaden, vilka konkurrenter och substitutprodukter som finns samt leverantörers och kunders förhandlingsstyrka. Resultatet visade att undersökningen över de befintliga konkurrenterna klargjorde hur Omexom differentierar sig från dessa och därmed kan skapa en marknadsföringsplan utefter det. Vikten av att Omexom är medveten om kundernas förhandlingsstyrka visade sig också vara stor för att kunna utforma en marknadsföringsplan som passar de segment och målkonsumenter som tagits fram för digitaliseringstjänsterna. Utifrån undersökningen av Porters fem krafter har en marknadsplan tagits fram till Omexom för deras nya digitaliseringstjänster. Marknadsplanen nämner strategier för att dra nytta av styrkor, ta itu med svagheter, ta vara på möjligheter på marknaden samtidigt som potentiella hot elimineras. Studien nämner vikten av strategisk planering och utnyttjande av marknadsanalysverktyg för att navigera i energibranschens föränderliga landskap mitt i den digitala transformationen.

Nach dem erheblichen Anstieg der Stromnetzentgelte in Deutschland in den vergangenen zehn Jahren ist zu erwarten, dass dieser Trend im Zuge der Energiewende weiterhin anhält: Der Zubau großer Kapazitäten von Windenergie- und Photovoltaikanlagen erfordert ebenso umfassende Investitionen in den Ausbau der Stromnetze, um die eingespeiste Energie abtransportieren zu können. Aufgrund der ungleichen Verteilung geeigneter Flächen, insb. für den Ausbau der Windenergie, sind und werden die Verbraucher in EE-starken Regionen von diesen Netzkosten ungleich höher belastet als Kunden in Regionen mit niedrigeren EE-Kapazitäten. Um diese Asymmetrie der Kostenbelastung abzumildern, beabsichtigt die Bundesnetzagentur, einen bundesweiten Wälzungsmechanismus zur Verteilung der EE-bedingten Netzkosten in Form einer bundesweit einheitlichen Umlage einzuführen. In der hier vorliegenden Analyse sind erstmals die langfristigen Auswirkungen dieser Reform mit Blick auf den voranschreitenden EE-Ausbau abgeschätzt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass im Jahr 2040 über die Hälfte der in Verteilungsnetzen anfallenden Kosten über die Umlage bundesweit gewälzt werden könnten. Von dieser Umverteilung profitieren überwiegend Kunden in ländlichen Gebieten, während Verbraucher insbesondere in großen Städten und kleineren Netzgebieten künftig erheblich höhere Lasten tragen müssen. Das Ziel einer gleichmäßigeren Beteiligung aller Verbraucher an den EE-bedingten Netzkosten wird damit zwar erreicht, zugleich bleiben jedoch künftige Herausforderungen unadressiert.:Zusammenfassung A 1 Aktueller Stand und historische Entwicklung der Stromnetzentgelte 1 2 Was zeigt der Vergleich der Abschätzung der Netzentgeltentwicklung mit den Ist-Netzentgelten? 4 3 Welche Ansätze für eine Netzentgeltsystematik bestehen? 9 3.1 Bestehende und künftige Herausforderungen 9 3.2 Optionen für eine effiziente kurzfristige Netzbewirtschaftung 10 3.3 Optionen zur Verteilung der Kapitalkosten für die Aufrechterhaltung und Weiterentwicklung der Netzinfrastruktur 12 4 Welche Änderungen der Entgeltsystematik werden vorgeschlagen? 15 4.1 Funktionsweise der gegenwärtigen Netzentgeltsystematik 15 4.2 Vorschlag der Bundesnetzagentur für einen bundesweiten Wälzungsmechanismus 17 4.3 Wesentliche Kritik der Stellungnahmen zum Eckpunktepapier 19 4.4 Anpassungen am Wälzungsmechanismus im Festlegungsentwurf der Bundesnetzagentur 22 4.5 Alternative Ansätze zur Netzkostenverteilung 23 5 Welche Auswirkungen sind von einer überregionalen Wälzung zu erwarten? 25 5.1 Auswirkungen des Wälzungsmechanismus im Status Quo 25 5.2 Auswirkungen des Wälzungsmechanismus bei Erreichen der EEG-Ausbauziele 27 5.2.1 Erfüllung der Ausbauziele für Windenergie 27 5.2.2 Erfüllung der EEG-Ziele für Photovoltaik 29 5.2.3 Erfüllung der EEG-Ziele für Wind und PV 30 6 Schlussfolgerungen der Analyse 32 Anhang 34 Literaturverzeichnis 35

台灣光電產業為近年來台灣經濟成長的最佳動力來源之一，截至2010年，台灣光電總產值已經突破新台幣2兆元。其中以LED、顯示面板、太陽能電池模組等貢獻最多，帶給台灣大量的就業機會，並創造出全球第一的產值。然而，台灣光電大廠以往的經營模式大都以OEM/ODM為主，製造代工屬微笑曲線價值最低的中間區域，因此企業不斷找尋轉型的機會。近年來因能源耗竭隱憂，綠能產業蔚為未來科技革命的新主流，如太陽能發電、風力發電、LED照明、電動車等，為台灣光電大廠創造新的契機。幾間光電領導大廠紛紛跨入綠能產業，除了研發製造端，也開始嘗試挑戰下游的系統整合與行銷通路，尤其以太陽能發電系統為主。面對下游不熟悉的領域，以及眾多的綠能廠商競爭對手，光電企業必須從自身核心能耐出發，找尋最佳切入點，並靈活運用相關資源，與事業夥伴密切合作，方能找到自己的定位，建立獨特競爭優勢。 本研究從光電企業跨足綠能產業的先後整體性策略布局進行分析比較，並由顧客價值與企業核心能力的角度出發，深入探討面對綠能產業下游的新事業之組織設計、營運模式、關鍵資源、關鍵流程等。本研究建議台灣光電廠商面對市場白地時，應打破傳統製造思維，以創新商業模式進行在地化資源整合，進而建立行銷通路，打造自有品牌。並且建構良好的學習交流管道，讓新事業在下游的經營管理經驗帶回企業。 / Recently, the optoelectronic industry becomes one of the driving forces of economic growth in Taiwan. Until 2010, the output value of optoelectronic industry was over 2000 billion NTD, creating many employment opportunities. The optoelectronic industry in Taiwan is accounted for the largest output value in the world, especially in sectors such as LED, photovoltaic panels, solar cell and solar modules. However, a lot of optoelectronic companies in Taiwan are OEM/ODM based. They capture the lowest value in the supply chain. Hence, many companies are eager to seize the opportunity to implement transformation strategy. Nowadays, due to energy depletion issue, more and more people care about the popularized green energy industry, include solar power, wind power, LED lighting, electric cars and so on. This condition states good foundation for optoelectronic companies in Taiwan to perform transformation strategy. Some leading companies started to cross boundaries into the green energy industry, especially focusing on manufacturing and system integration of solar power system. Facing the unfamiliar downstream business and existing green energy competitors, optoelectronic companies should start with own core capability to find the best point of entry while entering the whole new industry. They need to integrate local resources and cooperate with business partners, finding their unique position and to build up their own competitive advantage. This study analyzes a comprehensive strategy framework for optoelectronic companies in Taiwan crossing over to the green energy industry. First thing ahead, the company should start with its own core capability and consumer value, developing new business model, organization structure, key resources and key process of the new field. The conclusion of this research suggests that optoelectronic companies in Taiwan should forgo its old ways of manufacturing thinking, and operate with innovative business model to integrate the localized resources, establish its own marketing channel, create its own brand, and construct good learning process that can bring downstream experience into the organization when operating in the new industry.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-09-25T14:28:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Barbara Santana da Silva.pdf: 1409377 bytes, checksum: 6e4baeff61bfc050a4a6bcad1589915f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-28T15:03:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Barbara Santana da Silva.pdf: 1409377 bytes, checksum: 6e4baeff61bfc050a4a6bcad1589915f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T15:03:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Barbara Santana da Silva.pdf: 1409377 bytes, checksum: 6e4baeff61bfc050a4a6bcad1589915f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-15 / A partir da hipótese de que a análise de riscos sociais da empresa estudada pode ser impactada pela subjetividade dos participantes da avaliação de riscos sociais, o presente estudo visa analisar a existência de subjetividade nas avaliações de riscos sociais realizadas pela área de engenharia de uma empresa brasileira de energia, nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Como procedimentos de pesquisa, o estudo está amparado por revisão sistemática de literatura e pela coleta e análise de dados primários por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com participantes das avaliações de riscos sociais em quatro projetos de engenharia da empresa estudada. Os resultados apontam a presença da subjetividade nas avaliações de riscos sociais e as lacunas que, segundo os avaliadores de riscos sociais, interferem negativamente na avaliação de riscos sociais de projetos de alta complexidade no âmbito de engenharia. Os resultados indicam ainda possíveis práticas para evitar essa interferência que seriam: maior conhecimento e sensibilização para as questões sociais e para o processo de avaliação de riscos sociais e o perfil adequado dos participantes da reunião e das lideranças. Outros fatores indicados na pesquisa são lacunas no acompanhamento das ações de tratamento aos riscos sociais e na aplicação de procedimentos corporativos além da maior valorização de outros aspectos técnicos em detrimento de aspectos de responsabilidade social. / Based on the hypothesis that social risk assessment of the company studied can be impacted by the participants subjectivity of the social risks assessment, the present study aims at analyzing the existence of subjectivity in the social risk assessments carried out by the engineering area of a Brazilian energy company, in the years 2014 and 2015. As research procedures, in theoretical terms, the study is supported by systematic review literature and by the collection and analysis of primary data through in-depth interviews with participants of social risk assessments in four engineering projects of the company studied. Thus, we intend to analyze the factors that influence human subjectivity and the qualitative evaluation judgment of social risks. The results point to the presence of subjectivity in social risk assessments and the gaps that, according to social risk assessors, interfere negatively in the assessment of social risks of highly complex engineering projects. Other possible practices to avoid such negative interferences would be greater knowledge and awareness of social issues and the process of assessing social risks and the adequate profile of participants and leaders for meeting activities. Other factors indicated in the research are gaps in the follow-up of treatment actions to social risks and in the application of corporate procedures and the greater valorization of others technical aspects to the detriment of aspects of social responsibility.

Electrical energy is a very important part of our society. Every household needs electrical energy for its daily routine, every company needs it for its production, our entire society can not do without electrical energy, it is literally the spine, the alpha and omega of everything. Modern products, such as mobile phones, storage media, computer sets, but also light, all of this is possible thanks to electrical energy, which is an integral part of life and no one can imagine a life without it anymore. Electrical energy is very important for the operation of a country, it is integrated in critical infrastructure and an electrical power blackout will endanger everything across our society. It is for this reason that society should learn to use electricity sparingly, and it also should ready itself for the possibility of a blackout coming at any moment, hitting anyone. The topic of this thesis is electrical energy. The thesis explores the question whether the Police of the Czech Republic is capable of an appropriate response in the event of a blackout in the wider area (ORP) of České Budějovice and whether the readiness for such an event is high. The goal of the work is the creation of a safety study on possible risks in the wider area (ORP) of České Budějovice. The research question of the thesis has been articulated as "In what manner will the wider area (ORP) of České Budějovice be secured in the event of a electrical power blackout?" In its theoretical part, the thesis discusses crisis control in general, the terms Crisis Situation, Regional Crisis Plan, Crisis Command are explained, components of the integrated rescue services (IZS) and their main activities are listed, the definition of responsibilities of the hetman and the scope of his authority within the IZS, his conduct during threat periods, the explanation of terms such as infrastructure and critical infrastructure. The current legislature in all the mentioned fields is listed here. The next part deals with electrical energy, how it is created, what types of power plants produce electricity, electric power transmission and distribution networks, what companies produce and distribute electrical energy, the activity of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, regulatory authority and state energy inspection activities, the activity of energy producers in the event of an electrical power failure during a crisis threat period or when a crisis situation arises, the activity of electrical energy operators when a crises situation arises, the activity territorial administration authorities during crisis situation threat periods and when crises arise. The practical part of the thesis discusses police procedures in extraordinary events, the number of district departments in the wider area (ORP) of České Budějovice, approximate numbers of police officers in the district departments, the definition of basic procedures within Police Law. The research part of the thesis focuses on the wider area (ORP) of České Budějovice, which contains various companies, selected for this thesis, which are compared using multiple-criteria assessment, with regards to possible safety risks in the extraordinary event of an electrical power blackout. The next point of the research was the approaching of experts from the ranks of the Police of the Czech Republic, Regional Section České Budějovice, who were then asked about police readiness, police material supplies, possible reinforcements which could secure buildings in the wider area (ORP) of České Budějovice, in the event of an electrical power blackout. The conclusion of this thesis focuses on the research question, which was to the effect of "Safety Study for the Event of an Electrical Power Blackout on the Wider Area Municipality of České Budějovice".

Advances in technology continuously reshape habits, behaviours and interactions at individual, organisational and societal levels. Information and Communication technology (ICT) is pervasive, and is the bearer of crucial information, analysis and responses to the recipient. It assists in processes such as understanding phenomena and taking appropriate action. It also provides communication means, platforms and tools to interact with one another. In the United Kingdom’s (UK) Energy industry, smart meters are currently being deployed by energy suppliers to their customers. These are presented as a revolutionary device that supports a more efficient energy use at home and/or in the workplace, and helps customers save on their energy bill and reduce carbon footprint. Using interpretivist phenomenological Human-centred qualitative research, The thesis work explores the impact of using smart meter devices, as perceived by UK customers, in helping to monitor, use and manage energy consumption at home. Also, the study looks into alternative technology and customers’ expectations in the context of energy efficiency. And finally, the principles of a design is presented to respond to customers demands and desires. Passive participant observation, Future workshop and inspiration cards session are the methods and techniques applied in this research to collect  data. The findings constitute good grounds for individual consumers to be aware of the opportunities made available by alternative technology. At organisational level it is a basis for energy suppliers to change their behaviour towards a changing demand and adapt by switching their core business to supplying Information and analysis as well as energy efficiency management solutions. At societal level government bodies and regulating agencies can tackle sustainability and green energy issues by controlling the profit driven character of privatised energy companies and responding to real market demand as perceived by consumers. Emerging technologies present opportunities that have the capabilities of breaking the status quo of energy supply industry in the UK as well as the rest of world. The value of this research is to show customers’ perceived reality and expectations, as well as opportunities to change the way energy is supplied and consumed.

The goal of this diploma thesis was to create a comprehensive overview of the recent devel-opment in the fight against the climate change in European Union and complement it with evidence on how the CO2 reduction measures impacted the energy industry. Firstly, the ener-gy industry of the European Union is introduced with its basic characteristics. Information on the climate change and on actions that have been established so far in order to fight the cli-mate change is also provided. Next, the theoretical knowledge from the environmental eco-nomics is presented together with the various concepts on how to address the issues connected with the externalities. EU ETS and renewable energy subsidies (FiTs) are further analyzed and practical insights on how the measures work are also offered. The practical part contributes with analyses of case studies of Germany and Czech Republic, in which the key success factors of the policies and their impact are assessed.

Den digitala transformationen som genomsyrar många delar i samhället idag har inte bearbetatsi energibranschen i samma grad. Energibranschen står inför stora förändringar med mål av attvara fossilfria fram till 2040. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur ett kommunaltenergibolag arbetar med digitalisering för en marknadsstyrd energiförsörjning analyseratgenom tjänstedominant logiken. Referensramen till studien grundar sig i digital transformationsom ramas ner till den tjänstedominanta logiken. Studien genomfördes utifrån en kvalitativundersökning med semistrukturerade intervjuer av ett energibolag och ett IT-konsultbolag.Utifrån intervjuerna återfinns data som analyserades genom den tjänstedominanta logiken.Undersökningen bidrar med nya perspektiv genom tjänstedominant logik som energibranschenhar nytta av och som kan möjliggöra nya sätt att möta kunder. I resultatet blir det tydligt hurenergibolaget arbetar med en digitalisering men att kundinvolvering inte är där. En ökaddigitalisering och tjänstefiering i energisektorn driver fram kreativa lösningar för branschenskunder där decentraliserade och demokratiserade styrsätt möjliggörs. / The digital transformation that undergoes changes in many parts of society has not been asprocessed in the energy industry at the same degree. The energy industry is facing majorchanges with the goal of being fossil-free by 2040. The purpose of the study was to investigatehow a municipal energy company works with digitization for a market-driven energy supplyanalyzed through service-dominant logic. The theoretical framework of the study is based ondigital transformation which then narrows down to the service dominant logic. The study isconducted based on qualitative research through semi-structured interviews of an energy utilitycompany and an IT consulting firm. The research provides insights into a service-dominantperspective for the energy industry in enabling new ways to approach their customers. Theresult makes it clear how the energy company works with digitalization, but that customerinvolvement is not there. An increased digitalization and servitization in the energy sectorfacilitate new creative solutions for the industry's customers, where decentralized anddemocratized governance are made possible.