Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No ano de 1606 era fundado na cidade Goa o primeiro mosteiro feminino no Impérioportuguês do Oriente. O Convento de Santa Mônica de Goa foi instituído pelo então arcebispode Goa e governador da Índia, D. Frei Aleixo de Menezes sob a proteção da Ordem de SantoAgostinho. Criado com o intuito de proteger a honra das mulheres no Estado da Índia e de seruma alternativa de vida para as filhas da nobreza e fidalguia local que não conseguiam casar,o convento foi a principal fundação feminina de frei Aleixo, por ser território perfeito para ocultivo de modelos de santidade e virtudes. Juntamente com os recolhimentos de NossaSenhora da Serra e de Santa Maria Madalena, o convento formava uma tríade de instituiçõescaracterizadas pela assistência e pela caridade à mulher - grande incentivo do Concílio deTrento e da Reforma católica. A presente dissertação procura discutir como os discursos dosfreis agostinianos de exaltação das virtudes e perfeição religiosa das mônicas refletiram noprocesso de fundação e reconhecimento régio e papal do convento. / The was the first nunnery in the East PortugueseConvento de Santa Mônica de GoaEmpire. It was founded in the year of 1606 by , archbishop of GoaD. Frei Aleixo de Menezesand governor of India, and under the protection of the Augustinians. The nunnery was createdwith the purpose of to protect the honor of women and to be an alternativeEstado da Índialive for the daugthers of the local nobility that couldn?t marry. It was also the brotherAleixo?s principal female foundation, because was perfect place to create models of holinessand virtues and to provide the religious perfection. With the Recolhimentos de Nossa Senhora e de , the nunnery formed a triad of institutions characterizedda SerraSanta Maria Madalenaby the charity and assistance to women - big incentive of Council of Trent and the CatholicReformation. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze how Augustinians? discoursereflected in the process of the foundation.

[pt] A pesquisa O ensino de línguas estrangeiras como um fator de inclusão social: o desafio da francofonia no Rio de Janeiro tem por objetivo analisar o efeito das políticas lingüísticas para o ensino de línguas estrangeiras no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, partindo de um pressuposto básico da sociolingüística que é aquele que propõe estabelecer uma relação entre língua e sociedade. Esta análise considera dados provenientes do contexto histórico, econômico e cultural de alguns municípios do Estado selecionados para este estudo. Consideramos a inserção sócio-econômica dos cidadãos nas regiões estudadas como um dos critérios para julgar a eficácia das políticas lingüística adotadas. Para tanto, consideramos as políticas lingüísticas no domínio das línguas estrangeiras levando primeiramente em conta as medidas legalmente explicitadas através de leis e decretos, assim como procuramos mostrar de que modo uma parcela da sociedade resolve as lacunas relacionadas à oferta de ensino de línguas no sistema educacional. / [en] This study analyzes the effect of language policies for the teaching of foreign languages in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on the basic postulate of sociolinguistics - that of establishing a relation between language and society. Our analysis takes into account a set of data derived from the historical, economic and social context of a few selected municipalities of the State. We consider the socioeconomic insertion of citizens in the regions under investigation as one of the criteria to evaluate the efficiency of the language policies adopted. Thus, we consider the language policies as reflected in the teaching of foreign languages, taking into account, first of all, the legal means and measures, as expressed in laws and decrees. We also attempt to show how a part of the society fills the gaps related to foreign language teaching-or the lack thereof- in the educational system. / [fr] Ce travail a pour but d analyser l effet des politiques linguistiques sur l enseignement des langues étrangères à l tat de Rio de Janeiro, prenant par principe l un des concepts de bases de la sociolinguitsique qui propose d établir un lien entre langue et société. Cette analyse prend en compte des données issues du contexte historique, économique et culturel de quelques municipalités de l État . Nous avons consideré l insertion sócio-économique des citoyens des régions étudiées comme l nun des critères d évaluation de l efficacité des politiques linguistiques adoptées. Notre point de départ ont été les politiques des langues étrangères explicitées à travers des lois et des décrets pour ensuite vérifier comment la société agit face aux lacunes concernant l offre de l enseignement des langues dans le système éducationnel. / [es] Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto de las políticas lingüísticas para enseñar lenguas extranjeras en el Estado de Rio de Janeiro, partiendo del principio básico de la sociolingüística que es aquel que propone establecer una relación entre lengua y sociedad. Este análisis considera datos provenientes del contexto histórico, económico y cultural de algunos municipios del Estado. Consideramos la inserción socio-económica de los ciudadanos en las regiones estudiadas como uno de los criterios para juzgar la eficacia de las políticas lingüísticas adoptadas. Para tal efecto, consideramos las medidas legalmente explicitadas a través de leyes y decretos y posteriormente, si tales políticas corresponden a los perfiles de los municipios. / [de] Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ausgehend von der grundlegenden Annahme der Soziolinguistik, die eine Beziehung zwischen Sprache und Gesellschaft herstellt, die Auswirkungen der sprachpolitischen Maßnahmen auf den Fremdsprachenunterricht im Bundesstaat von Rio de Janeiro zu analysieren. Die vorliegende Analyse stützt sich auf Daten des historischen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Kontexts einiger Regierungsbezirke des Bundesstaats, die für diese Studie ausgewählt wurden. Die sozioökonomische Integration der Bürger in die untersuchten Regionen wird als eines der Kriterien benutzt, um die Effizienz der sprachpolitischen Maßnahmen zu beurteilen. Dafür wird die Sprachpolitik bezüglich der Fremdsprachenbeherrschung berücksichtigt, v.a. solche Maßnahmen, die rechtsgültig durch Gesetze und Dekrete ausgedrückt werden und darauf folgend wird untersucht, ob diese den Anforderungen der Bezirkskreise entsprechen.

[pt] Em meados do século passado, tratados de direitos humanos e normas éticas de regulação da pesquisa não foram suficientes para impedir, na prática, violações à dignidade da pessoa humana em experiências médicas praticadas em minorias sociais. Hodiernamente, há um complexo de normas que objetivam não só proteger voluntários como lhes garantir equitativo acesso aos resultados das pesquisas. Contradições e interpretações equivocadas dessas normas, entretanto, limitam a plena efetivação dessas garantias, essenciais em relação às minorias sociais, diante da sua falta de representação política na sociedade. Neste sentido, um estudo exploratório-descritivo foi realizado através de revisão da literatura e aplicação de questionário elaborado para comparar as respostas apresentadas pelos comitês de revisão ética do Brasil e da França. Concluiu-se que é imprescindível que o preceito da repartição de benefícios seja aplicado, na prática, de forma ampla, em todas as pesquisas, inclusive naquelas que utilizam dados pessoais e amostras corporais, especialmente com relação às minorias sociais, para que as pesquisas oportunizem a todos a percepção do progresso científico-tecnológico. / [en] In the middle of the last century, treaties of human rights and the setting of ethical principles regarding human experimentation were not enough to prevent, in practice, violations of the dignity of the human person in medical experiments practiced in social minorities. Nowadays, there is a complex set of rules that aim not only to protect volunteers but also to ensure equitable access to research results. Contradictions and misinterpretations of these norms, however, limit the full realization of these guarantees, essential in relation to social minorities, in face of their lack of political representation in society. In this sense, an exploratory-descriptive study was carried out by reviewing the literature and applying a questionnaire designed to compare the responses presented by independent ethics committees from Brazil and France. It was concluded that it is imperative that the benefit-sharing be broadly applied in all research, including those that use personal data and body samples, especially with regard to social minorities in order to make progress increasingly accessible to all. / [fr] Au milieu du siècle dernier, les traités relatifs aux droits de l homme et les normes éthiques de la réglementation de la recherche n ont pas suffi à prévenir les violations de la dignité de la personne humaine dans les expériences médicales pratiquées contre les minorités sociales. Il existe, aujourd hui, un ensemble complexe de règles qui visent non seulement à protéger les volontaires, mais aussi à garantir un accès équitable aux résultats de la recherche. Les contradictions et les interprétations erronées de ces normes limitent toutefois la pleine réalisation de ces garanties, essentielles par rapport aux minorités sociales, face à leur manque de représentation politique dans la société. Dans ce sens, une étude exploratoire-descriptive a été réalisée en passant en revue la littérature et en appliquant un questionnaire destiné à comparer les réponses présentées par les comités d éthique du Brésil et de la France. Il a été conclu qu il est impératif que le principe du partage des avantages soit largement appliqué dans toutes les recherches, y compris celles qui utilisent des données personnelles et des échantillons corporels, notamment en ce qui concerne les minorités sociales, afin que les progrès scientifiques soient accessibles à tous.

The objective of this study investigated the successful prediction of business failure of JSE listed companies using financial ratio analysis. During the research, financial statement data of failed and non-failed JSE listed companies during 2007-2012 financial periods were analysed, compared and interpreted. The interpretation of the trends and comparisons is of a quantitative nature, together with a qualitative genre which examines the tables, figures and equations in order to get the entire picture of the company’s performance for a five year period. The combination of literature on various failure predictor models and experience of these models resulted in the development of a modified model. The conclusion from the study indicated that financial ratio analysis successfully predicts failure and non-failure of the 16 companies that were investigated. These companies were grouped into eight delisted (failed) and eight listed (non-failed) JSE companies, which were paired in accordance to industry, fiscal period and closest asset size. The adoption of the traditional ratio analysis methods and EMS model yielded some interesting findings. The traditional ratio analysis methods (trend and comparative ratio analysis) were used with the Emerging Market Score (EMS) Model. The outcomes indicated the traditional methods are viable company failure prediction tools and the EMS model points out companies at a score of 2.60 and above as being financially stable. Between 2.60 and 1.10 the results are not very dependable because it is known that the company is in distress, yet uncertain whether the company has financially failed and below 1.10 the company has failed. It was concluded that a combination of the various prediction models enhances the accuracy of failure prediction. Therefore further research is required to assist stakeholders of South African companies to predict business failure by developing an adjusted model in a South African context. / MCom (Accountancy)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015

The objective of this study investigated the successful prediction of business failure of JSE listed companies using financial ratio analysis. During the research, financial statement data of failed and non-failed JSE listed companies during 2007-2012 financial periods were analysed, compared and interpreted. The interpretation of the trends and comparisons is of a quantitative nature, together with a qualitative genre which examines the tables, figures and equations in order to get the entire picture of the company’s performance for a five year period. The combination of literature on various failure predictor models and experience of these models resulted in the development of a modified model. The conclusion from the study indicated that financial ratio analysis successfully predicts failure and non-failure of the 16 companies that were investigated. These companies were grouped into eight delisted (failed) and eight listed (non-failed) JSE companies, which were paired in accordance to industry, fiscal period and closest asset size. The adoption of the traditional ratio analysis methods and EMS model yielded some interesting findings. The traditional ratio analysis methods (trend and comparative ratio analysis) were used with the Emerging Market Score (EMS) Model. The outcomes indicated the traditional methods are viable company failure prediction tools and the EMS model points out companies at a score of 2.60 and above as being financially stable. Between 2.60 and 1.10 the results are not very dependable because it is known that the company is in distress, yet uncertain whether the company has financially failed and below 1.10 the company has failed. It was concluded that a combination of the various prediction models enhances the accuracy of failure prediction. Therefore further research is required to assist stakeholders of South African companies to predict business failure by developing an adjusted model in a South African context. / MCom (Accountancy)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015

[pt] A dissertação buscou investigar as formas de exclusão sexista e racista que persistem em Moçambique e no Brasil, através da abordagem relacional entre o olhar de duas escritoras, a moçambicana Paulina Chiziane e a brasileira Conceição Evaristo, focalizando, por um lado, as personagens dos romances Niketche, uma história de poligamia e Ponciá Vicêncio e, por outro, a postura política das próprias autoras como ativistas, expressa em entrevistas e textos diversos. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise crítica dos dois romances, a incursão em entrevistas e conferências das quais participaram as duas escritoras e o estudo de textos críticos e teóricos pertinentes. A partir disso, foi possível concluir que as questões raciais estão fortemente presentes no romance brasileiro, permeando-o do começo ao fim, mas são apenas pinceladas no moçambicano. A problemática das relações de gênero, em contrapartida, é nuclear na estruturação das duas narrativas. Também nas entrevistas analisadas das autoras, foi possível observar que a questão de gênero é crucial para Paulina Chiziane, enquanto que a racial parece ser circundante no seu discurso. Já para Conceição Evaristo, as duas questões aparecem mais estreitamente ligadas. O estudo das escritas oriundas do ponto de vista das mulheres negras, de sua arte, estratégia e visão política, contribui para afirmar a experiência feminina negra sob uma perspectiva diversa da submissão ou da cristalização do estereótipo, reconhecendo uma tensão necessária entre igualdade e diferença, entre direitos individuais e identidades grupais, quando se buscam resultados mais democráticos através da insubordinação e da resistência identitária. / [fr] La dissertation a cherché a énoncer l exclusion sexiste et raciste persistante à Mozambique et au Brésil, à travers de l approche en relation a l égard des auteurs, la mozambicaine Paulina Chiziane et la brésilienne Conceição Evaristo, focalisant d’un côté les personnages des romans Niketche et Ponciá Vicêncio et de l autre côte le positionnement politique des mêmes auteurs comme activistes, formulé dans des entrevues et textes divers. La méthodologie utilisée a eté l analyse critique des romans, l incursion dans les entrevues et les conférences desquelles ont participé les auteurs et l étude des textes critiques et théoriques appropriés. De tout cela, il a eté possible de conclure que les questions raciales sont fortement présentes dans le roman brésilien, du début à la fin, mais ne sont que des coups de pinceau dans le mozambicain. La problématique des relations de genre en contrepartie est nucléaire pour la tournure des deux narrations. Dans les entrevues analysées des auteurs, il a eté possible voir que la question de genre est crucial pour Chiziane tandis que la raciale semble d être environnante dans son discours. Mais pour Evaristo les deux questions semblent d être plus serrées. L étude des écritures procédant du point de vue des femmes nègres, de leurs art, stratégie et vision politique, contribuent pour confirmer l expérience féminine nègre sous une perspective divergente de soumission de la cristallisation du stéréotype, reconnaissant une tension nécessaire entre l égalité et la différence, entre droits individuels et identités de groupes, quand on cherche résultats plus démocratiques moyennât l insubordination et la résistance identitaire.

Dans un contexte d'?volution incessante des moyens de communications sans fil, les inqui?tudes perdurent malgr? les l?gislations existantes. L'accroissement d'usages divers et vari?s des t?l?phones mobiles impliquent des questionnements sur l'exposition induite par ces nouveaux usages. Ce manuscrit permet d'enrichir les connaissances en dosim?trie num?rique en prenant en consid?ration la variabilit? des conditions d'utilisation. Pour une ?valuation pr?cise de l'exposition, la m?thode des Diff?rences Finies dans le Domaine Temporel (FDTD) qui a prouv? son efficacit?, est employ?e. L'objectif est de quantifier pr?cis?ment le D?bit d'Absorption Sp?cifique (DAS) induit dans des organes comme le cerveau et les organes reproducteurs. Dans cette analyse, une attention particuli?re sera port?e sur les usages potentiels des t?l?phones portables par les enfants. Le choix des configurations couvre diff?rentes technologies, usages et bandes de fr?quences permettant d'?tudier la sensibilit? du DAS ? la variabilit? de ces param?tres, pour une meilleure ma?trise de l'exposition r?elle, au-del? du probl?me de la conformit?. Le nombre important des variables oblige ? simplifier les mod?les de simulation par la construction de m?ta-mod?les statistiques afin de r?duire les co?ts de calcul. La m?thode spectrale par Chaos Polynomial (CP) d?di?e ? la gestion des incertitudes et ? l'analyse de sensibilit? est adopt?e pour la mise en place d'un mod?le approch? du DAS. Afin d'aboutir ? une repr?sentation par CP fiable et peu co?teuse en termes de simulations, l'utilisation par CP creux et adaptatif est appliqu?e. Seuls les termes les plus significatifs sont retenus dans la d?composition par CP. Cette approche est appliqu?e aux probl?mes en dosim?trie num?rique afin de propager les incertitudes portant sur les param?tres d'entr?e dans les simulations et de quantifier l'impact de ces incertitudes sur l'exposition (e.g. impact de la localisation du t?l?phone sur la dispersion du DAS) avec un faible co?t de calcul / Nowadays, wireless communication are being more and more developed, however, concern about their effects persist, despite of existing legislations. Indeed, the increasing use of mobile phone leads to address exposure issues to these devices. The objective of this thesis is to give better insights on numerical dosimetry, based on its configurations' variability. In order to evaluate the real exposure, we employ the well-known Finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), which has already proven its efficiency. We aim at quantifying precisely the generated Specific absorption rate (SAR) on some human organs such as the brain and reproductive organs. In this work, we particularly focus, among other aspects, on the impact of mobile phones on children. We investigate different configurations involving various technologies, usages and frequency bands, such that we can study the SAR sensitivity to these parameters and, consequently, has the best possible estimate of the actual exposure level, independently of conformity issues. Due to the large number of parameters to be considered to deal with such an analysis, we simplify our simulation model by building statistical meta-models that enable us to reduce the calculation cost. Regarding the SAR modeling, we opt for Polynomial Chaos (PC) spectral methodology to deal with both uncertainty management and sensitivity analysis. To simplify the model and reduce simulation costs, we used parsimonious approximations, which aim to automatically identify the most significant terms in the PC decomposition, by a sparse and adaptive conception. Such approximations are applied to numerical dosimetry problems, where uncertainties are introduced on input parameters of the simulation and their impact is studied at the outputs, using low calculus cost. Using this approach, we analyze for example the position effect of the mobile phone on the SAR dispersion

Thèse sur travaux Le premier volume se divise en deux parties consacrées successivement à la lexicographie diachronique et à la lexicographie synchronique. La première partie relate les différentes étapes de la rédaction des notices Étymologie et Histoire élaborées pour le Trésor de la Langue Française (TLF) avec leurs exigences et leurs difficultés spécifiques et constitue une introduction raisonnée pour l'utilisateur de ce dictionnaire. La seconde, consacrée aux notices rédigées pour le Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (DMF), met l'accent sur les différences entre la lexicographie diachronique et la lexicographie synchronique, cette dernière, grâce au support de l'informatique, étant évolutive. Le second volume, constitué essentiellement par les articles du lexique des Pèlerinages de Guillaume de Digulleville est destiné principalement à dégager les faits linguistiques intéressants non attestés ou mal attestés dans les dictionnaires de référence et vise à apporter des données nouvelles ou complémentaires, notamment en ce qui concerne la variation du moyen français. Il contribue à une meilleure interprétation de cette œuvre d'une frappante richesse, composée par un véritable créateur de mots sous la plume duquel abondent les néologismes, archaïsmes et régionalismes normands et picards. Le dernier volume, constitué par la transcription du manuscrit de Paris, BNF, fr. 1818, est né de la nécessité de rédiger un lexique des Pèlerinages de Guillaume de Digulleville sur des assises philologiquement solides, ce que n'aurait pas permis l'édition du XIXème siècle de J. J. Stürzinger, à la fois peu lisible pour le profane et peu fidèle à son manuscrit de base.

The dissertation studies the nonlinear resonance problems of power systems. Generally speaking, ferroresonance has usually occurred in low-voltage distribution system, especially for potential transformers. Due to the considerable increase of power consumption, the power system is more complex than before. Besides, a number of under-ground cables are used, and transformers¡¦ loss reduce due to improvement of core iron material. These factors could probably result in ferroresnance occurring in extra-high-voltage power system. The dissertation proposed three-phase representation method to analyze unbalance and non-linear system. This method employ magnetically coupled electrical circuit techniques and the original voltage equations can be used without the need for any transformations, which improves significantly computation accuracy. Consequently, it is quite suitable for power system design and incident investigation. Since the traditional d-q-0 model is not well suited for the study of unbalanced faults and requires further transformation, the analytical solution becomes rather complicated and the solutions are still inaccurate. At last we simulated the ferroresonant overvoltages occurring at a nuclear power station in Taiwan in order to investigate the causes and afford mitigation. The simulation results were enough to prove accuracy and practicability of this method.

[pt] Esta tese se propõe examinar os fundamentos sociais e históricos do pensamento de Donatien-Alphonse-François, mais conhecido como Marquês de Sade (1740-1814). Por meio de uma descrição dos regimes discursivos relacionados com uma visão do corpo na França, a constatação da descontinuidade histórica entre as formas enunciativas eróticas, libertinas e pornográficas tornou-se evidente e nos permitiu uma compreensão melhor dos primeiros vínculos sociais e filosóficos dos textos de Sade com o mundo do Antigo Regime. De igual maneira, verificamos mudanças nas formas de compreensão de seus textos; isso em virtude da consolidação de uma imagem de perversidade ligada ao Marquês de Sade e que, acreditamos, guiou a leitura histórica de sua herança crítica desde o século XVIII. Observamos também as preferências de leitura de Sade, o diálogo que ele realizou com seus contemporâneos e suas escolhas de formas de escrever. Acreditamos que tudo isso contribuiu para que ele interpretasse a França e a história por meio de ideias conservadoras, que se traduziram em um pensamento atravessado por algumas apostas céticas de que a vida e a faculdade de julgamento são engendradas em cada situação. Este conservadorismo sugere também possíveis relações de Sade com as concepções populares de corpo e natureza, para as quais há simetria entre o bem e o mal, sendo a vida e a história resultado desse esforço de equilíbrio. / [en] This thesis proposes an examination of social and historic groundings in the thought of Donatien-Alphonse-François, more known as Marquis de Sade (1740-1814). Trough a description of discursive regimens related to a specific vision of the body in France, a historic discontinuity between erotic, libertine, pornographic enunciation forms became evident, and permitted a better comprehension of the philosophic and social liaisons of Sade’s texts to the world of the Ancien Regime. Changes in the ways by which his texts have been comprehended were as well verified, in this case, pointing to the consolidation of certain image of perversity linked to Sade, guiding the historic interpretations of his critic legacy since the 18th century. The reading preferences of the author and the dialogue he evolved with his contemporaries where also observed. These resources leaded to the conclusion that Sade interpreted France and history in general with conservative ideas, translated in a mode of thought permeated by some sceptic stakes. This conservatism also suggests relations of Sade with popular conceptions of body and nature, to which good and evil are symmetrical, so that life is taken as a result of the balance effort generated in this situation. / [fr] Cette thèse a pour but examiner les fondements sociaux et historiques de la pensée de Donatien-Alphonse-François, plus connu comme Marquis de Sade (1740-1814). Par le moyen d’une description des régimes discursives liés à une vision du corps en France, la constatation d’une manque de continuité historique entre les formes énonciatives érotiques, libertines et pornographiques est devenue évidente et elle nous a permis de mieux comprendre les premiers liens sociaux et philosophiques des texts de De Sade avec le monde de l’Ancien Régime. En semblamble, nous avons vérifié les changements de sens donnés à ses texts ; cela est dû on le croit bien, à la consolidation d’une image de perversité que s’est collée au nom de cet auteur et qui a certainement fonctionnée comme guide pour une lecture historique de son héritage critique depuis le XVIIIe siècle. Nous avons également observé les préférences de lecture de M. de Sade, le dialogue qu’il a réalisé avec ses contemporains et les choix qu’il a fait concernant ses différentes façons d’ecrire. Tout cela, à notre avis permis de soutenir la nature conservatrice de l’interpretation qu’il a fait de la France et de la histoire. Chez De Sade, les idées conservatrices peuvent être traduites par une façon de pensée particulière, soit, traversée par certains paris sceptiques tels que : la vie et la faculté du jugé qui sont engendrées à chaque situation. Ces idées approchent aussi les rapports de M. de Sade avec les conceptions populaires du corps et nature à l’égard desquelles il existe une symétrie entre le bien et le mal. La vie et l’histoire pour De Sade ce ne sont enfin que le resultat d’un équilibre entre ces deux forces.