Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, com o objetivo de analisar as reuniões de equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família, à luz do referencial pichoniano de grupo operativo. Pontualmente, buscou-se caracterizar essa prática com relação aos aspectos organizacionais e logísticos, bem como identificar os aspectos dinamizadores e obstaculizadores da dinâmica grupal, a partir do olhar da equipe. Os dados foram coletados no período entre maio e agosto de 2007, em um município do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio das Técnicas de Observação Direta Não Participante e de Grupos Focais. Foram observadas cinco reuniões protocolares da equipe, tendo-se realizado cinco encontros de Grupos Focais. Participaram do estudo duas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família, caracterizadas como equipe dupla, agregando 18 sujeitos, entre eles: enfermeiros, médicos, dentistas, técnicos de enfermagem, auxiliares de consultório dentário e agentes comunitários de saúde. O material foi organizado conforme propõe Minayo (2007), tendo-se adotado a perspectiva pichoniana de grupo operativo para análise do mesmo. Os resultados preliminares, oriundos da observação, constituíram-se nos disparadores das sessões do Grupo Focal e os resultados, no conjunto, foram agrupados em três eixos temáticos: caracterização das reuniões de equipe quanto aos aspectos organizacionais e logísticos, aspectos dinamizadores e obstaculizadores da dinâmica grupal e alguns insights para romper com a estereotipia. Para os participantes, as reuniões de equipe são compreendidas como importantes espaços de encontro com vistas à construção coletiva do trabalho cotidiano. No entanto, a prática adotada centrava-se no atendimento de questões técnicas, tangenciando aspectos relacionados ao processo grupal, condição considerada necessária ao trabalho em equipe, na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Pela ótica dos sujeitos, os aspectos de organização e logística das reuniões de equipe não foram cogitados como relevantes, embora carecessem de certos cuidados, especialmente na elaboração da pauta, na utilização do livro-ata e no tempo de duração das reuniões. Dificuldades de expressar idéias e emitir opiniões contrárias emergiram como obstáculos na dinâmica grupal, indicando que a condição de adotar uma postura crítica levava à segregação do grupo, apontando que as principais fragilidades estavam associadas ao processo relacional da equipe. 9 Ao final, alguns insights favoreceram a tomada de consciência e, assim, desvelou-se a ilusão de “equipe perfeita”, havendo gradual reconhecimento de que esta concepção permanecia mais no plano da idealização do que, propriamente, da realidade. Em um movimento participativo com os próprios sujeitos, identificou-se que havia necessidade de instrumentação da equipe para manejar aspectos relacionados ao processo grupal, considerando que o conhecimento sobre o referencial de Grupo Operativo poderia contribuir para o trabalho que envolve grupos, pois se trata de uma iniciativa que tem se configurado numa tendência do trabalho em saúde, na atualidade. Desse modo, conhecer e conseguir identificar os principais fenômenos presentes no campo grupal, possibilita às equipes conduzirem suas reuniões de forma operativa, considerando-se não somente os resultados, mas, sobretudo, o processo percorrido pelos sujeitos até o alcance da tarefa, com vistas à aprendizagem grupal. / Exploratory qualitative study, to analyze the meetings of the Family Health Strategy team, considering the Pichonian reference of an operational group. It was sought to characterize this practice regarding the organizational and logistic aspects, touching on certain points, and also to identify the aspects that dynamize and create obstacles in group dynamics, based on the look of the team. The data were collected in May-August 2007, in a municipality of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, using the Non-Participant Direct Observation Techniques and Focus Groups. Five meetings conducted by the team according to a protocol were observed, and five Focus Group meetings were held. Two Family Health Strategy teams participated in the study, characterized as a double team, with 18 individuals, including: nurses, physicians, dentists, nurse technicians, dental office assistants and community health agents. The material was organized as proposed by Minayo (2007) and the pichonian perspective of an operational group was adopted to analyze it. The preliminary results of observation were the triggers for the Focus Group sessions and all the results were grouped into three thematic lines: characterization of team meetings regarding the organizational and logistic aspects, dynamizing aspects and those of obstacles to group dynamics, and a few insights to break down the stereotype. For the participants, the team meetings are seen as important meetings spaces with a view to the collective construction of day-to-day work. However, the practice adopted focused on responding to technical issues, touching on aspects related to the group process, a condition considered essential for team work in the Family Health Strategy. From the standpoint of the subjects, the aspects of organization and logistics of the team meetings were not considered relevant, although they lack a certain amount of care, especially when establishing the agenda, recording the minutes and meeting duration. Difficulties in expressing ideas and presenting contrary opinions emerged as obstacles in the group dynamics, indicating that adopting a critical attitude led to segregation from the group, showing that the main weaknesses were associated with the process of team relations. At the end, a few insights favored awareness, and thus the illusion of a “perfect team” was shown not to be true, with a gradual recognition that this concept was rather a matter of idealization than of reality, proper. In a participatory movement with the subjects 13 themselves, it was identified that the team had to be instrumented to manage aspects related to the group process, considering that knowledge on the referential of an Operational Group might contribute to the work involving groups, since this is currently an initiative that has become a tendency of health care work. Thus, getting to know and managing to identify the main phenomena present in the field of groups allows the teams to conduct their meetings in an operational form, considering not only the results , but above all the process used by the subjects until the task is fulfilled, with a view to group learning. / Estudio exploratorio, cualitativo, con el objetivo de analizar las reuniones de equipo de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, desde el referencial pichoniano de grupo operativo. Puntualmente, se buscó caracterizar esa práctica con relación a los aspectos organizacionales y logísticos, bien como identificar a los aspectos dinamizadores y obstaculizadores de la dinámica grupal, a partir del punto de vista del equipo. Los datos fueron recolectados en el período entre mayo y agosto de 2007, en una municipalidad del estado del Rio Grande do Sul, por medio de las Técnicas de Observación Directa No Participante y de Grupos Focales. Fueron observadas cinco reuniones protocolares del equipo y realizados cinco encuentros de Grupos Focales. Participaron del estudio dos equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, caracterizados como equipo doble, agregando 18 sujetos, entre ellos: enfermeros, médicos, dentistas, técnicos de enfermería, auxiliares de consultorio dentario y agentes comunitarios de salud. El material fue organizado según propone Minayo (2007), siendo adoptada la perspectiva pichoniana de grupo operativo para análisis del mismo. Los resultados preliminares, oriundos de la observación, se constituyeron en los disparadores de las sesiones del Grupo Focal y los resultados, en el conjunto, fueron agrupados en tres ejes temáticos: caracterización de las reuniones de equipo en cuanto a los aspectos organizacionales y logísticos, aspectos dinamizadores y obstaculizadores de la dinámica grupal y algunos insights para romper con la estereotipia. Para los participantes, las reuniones de equipo son comprendidas como importantes espacios de encuentro con vistas a la construcción colectiva del trabajo cotidiano. Sin embargo, la práctica adoptada se centraba en la atención a cuestiones técnicas, pasando al lado de los aspectos relacionados al proceso grupal, condición considerada necesaria al trabajo en equipo, en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Según la óptica de los sujetos, los aspectos de organización y logística de las reuniones de equipo no fueron considerados relevantes, sin embargo carecían de ciertos cuidados, especialmente en la elaboración de la pauta, en la utilización del libro-acta y en el tiempo de duración de las reuniones. Dificultades de expresar ideas y emitir opiniones contrarias emergieron como obstáculos en la dinámica grupal, indicando que la condición de adoptar una postura crítica llevaba a la segregación del grupo, apuntando que las 11 principales fragilidades estaban asociadas al proceso relacional del equipo. Al final, algunos insights favorecieron la toma de consciencia y, así, se desveló la ilusión de “equipo perfecto”, ocurriendo gradual reconocimiento de que esta concepción permanecía más en el plano de la idealización que, propiamente, de la realidad. En un movimiento participativo con los propios sujetos, se identificó que había necesidad de instrumentación del equipo para manejar aspectos relacionados al proceso grupal, considerando que el conocimiento acerca del referencial de Grupo Operativo podría contribuir para el trabajo que envuelve grupos, visto tratarse de una iniciativa que se haya configurado en una tendencia del trabajo en salud actualmente. De ese modo, conocer y conseguir identificar los principales fenómenos, presentes en el campo grupal, posibilitan a los equipos conducir sus reuniones de forma operativa, considerándose no solamente los resultados, pero, sobretodo, el proceso recorrido por los sujetos hasta el alcance de la tarea, con vistas al aprendizaje grupal.

Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, com o objetivo de analisar as reuniões de equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família, à luz do referencial pichoniano de grupo operativo. Pontualmente, buscou-se caracterizar essa prática com relação aos aspectos organizacionais e logísticos, bem como identificar os aspectos dinamizadores e obstaculizadores da dinâmica grupal, a partir do olhar da equipe. Os dados foram coletados no período entre maio e agosto de 2007, em um município do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio das Técnicas de Observação Direta Não Participante e de Grupos Focais. Foram observadas cinco reuniões protocolares da equipe, tendo-se realizado cinco encontros de Grupos Focais. Participaram do estudo duas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família, caracterizadas como equipe dupla, agregando 18 sujeitos, entre eles: enfermeiros, médicos, dentistas, técnicos de enfermagem, auxiliares de consultório dentário e agentes comunitários de saúde. O material foi organizado conforme propõe Minayo (2007), tendo-se adotado a perspectiva pichoniana de grupo operativo para análise do mesmo. Os resultados preliminares, oriundos da observação, constituíram-se nos disparadores das sessões do Grupo Focal e os resultados, no conjunto, foram agrupados em três eixos temáticos: caracterização das reuniões de equipe quanto aos aspectos organizacionais e logísticos, aspectos dinamizadores e obstaculizadores da dinâmica grupal e alguns insights para romper com a estereotipia. Para os participantes, as reuniões de equipe são compreendidas como importantes espaços de encontro com vistas à construção coletiva do trabalho cotidiano. No entanto, a prática adotada centrava-se no atendimento de questões técnicas, tangenciando aspectos relacionados ao processo grupal, condição considerada necessária ao trabalho em equipe, na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Pela ótica dos sujeitos, os aspectos de organização e logística das reuniões de equipe não foram cogitados como relevantes, embora carecessem de certos cuidados, especialmente na elaboração da pauta, na utilização do livro-ata e no tempo de duração das reuniões. Dificuldades de expressar idéias e emitir opiniões contrárias emergiram como obstáculos na dinâmica grupal, indicando que a condição de adotar uma postura crítica levava à segregação do grupo, apontando que as principais fragilidades estavam associadas ao processo relacional da equipe. 9 Ao final, alguns insights favoreceram a tomada de consciência e, assim, desvelou-se a ilusão de “equipe perfeita”, havendo gradual reconhecimento de que esta concepção permanecia mais no plano da idealização do que, propriamente, da realidade. Em um movimento participativo com os próprios sujeitos, identificou-se que havia necessidade de instrumentação da equipe para manejar aspectos relacionados ao processo grupal, considerando que o conhecimento sobre o referencial de Grupo Operativo poderia contribuir para o trabalho que envolve grupos, pois se trata de uma iniciativa que tem se configurado numa tendência do trabalho em saúde, na atualidade. Desse modo, conhecer e conseguir identificar os principais fenômenos presentes no campo grupal, possibilita às equipes conduzirem suas reuniões de forma operativa, considerando-se não somente os resultados, mas, sobretudo, o processo percorrido pelos sujeitos até o alcance da tarefa, com vistas à aprendizagem grupal. / Exploratory qualitative study, to analyze the meetings of the Family Health Strategy team, considering the Pichonian reference of an operational group. It was sought to characterize this practice regarding the organizational and logistic aspects, touching on certain points, and also to identify the aspects that dynamize and create obstacles in group dynamics, based on the look of the team. The data were collected in May-August 2007, in a municipality of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, using the Non-Participant Direct Observation Techniques and Focus Groups. Five meetings conducted by the team according to a protocol were observed, and five Focus Group meetings were held. Two Family Health Strategy teams participated in the study, characterized as a double team, with 18 individuals, including: nurses, physicians, dentists, nurse technicians, dental office assistants and community health agents. The material was organized as proposed by Minayo (2007) and the pichonian perspective of an operational group was adopted to analyze it. The preliminary results of observation were the triggers for the Focus Group sessions and all the results were grouped into three thematic lines: characterization of team meetings regarding the organizational and logistic aspects, dynamizing aspects and those of obstacles to group dynamics, and a few insights to break down the stereotype. For the participants, the team meetings are seen as important meetings spaces with a view to the collective construction of day-to-day work. However, the practice adopted focused on responding to technical issues, touching on aspects related to the group process, a condition considered essential for team work in the Family Health Strategy. From the standpoint of the subjects, the aspects of organization and logistics of the team meetings were not considered relevant, although they lack a certain amount of care, especially when establishing the agenda, recording the minutes and meeting duration. Difficulties in expressing ideas and presenting contrary opinions emerged as obstacles in the group dynamics, indicating that adopting a critical attitude led to segregation from the group, showing that the main weaknesses were associated with the process of team relations. At the end, a few insights favored awareness, and thus the illusion of a “perfect team” was shown not to be true, with a gradual recognition that this concept was rather a matter of idealization than of reality, proper. In a participatory movement with the subjects 13 themselves, it was identified that the team had to be instrumented to manage aspects related to the group process, considering that knowledge on the referential of an Operational Group might contribute to the work involving groups, since this is currently an initiative that has become a tendency of health care work. Thus, getting to know and managing to identify the main phenomena present in the field of groups allows the teams to conduct their meetings in an operational form, considering not only the results , but above all the process used by the subjects until the task is fulfilled, with a view to group learning. / Estudio exploratorio, cualitativo, con el objetivo de analizar las reuniones de equipo de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, desde el referencial pichoniano de grupo operativo. Puntualmente, se buscó caracterizar esa práctica con relación a los aspectos organizacionales y logísticos, bien como identificar a los aspectos dinamizadores y obstaculizadores de la dinámica grupal, a partir del punto de vista del equipo. Los datos fueron recolectados en el período entre mayo y agosto de 2007, en una municipalidad del estado del Rio Grande do Sul, por medio de las Técnicas de Observación Directa No Participante y de Grupos Focales. Fueron observadas cinco reuniones protocolares del equipo y realizados cinco encuentros de Grupos Focales. Participaron del estudio dos equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, caracterizados como equipo doble, agregando 18 sujetos, entre ellos: enfermeros, médicos, dentistas, técnicos de enfermería, auxiliares de consultorio dentario y agentes comunitarios de salud. El material fue organizado según propone Minayo (2007), siendo adoptada la perspectiva pichoniana de grupo operativo para análisis del mismo. Los resultados preliminares, oriundos de la observación, se constituyeron en los disparadores de las sesiones del Grupo Focal y los resultados, en el conjunto, fueron agrupados en tres ejes temáticos: caracterización de las reuniones de equipo en cuanto a los aspectos organizacionales y logísticos, aspectos dinamizadores y obstaculizadores de la dinámica grupal y algunos insights para romper con la estereotipia. Para los participantes, las reuniones de equipo son comprendidas como importantes espacios de encuentro con vistas a la construcción colectiva del trabajo cotidiano. Sin embargo, la práctica adoptada se centraba en la atención a cuestiones técnicas, pasando al lado de los aspectos relacionados al proceso grupal, condición considerada necesaria al trabajo en equipo, en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Según la óptica de los sujetos, los aspectos de organización y logística de las reuniones de equipo no fueron considerados relevantes, sin embargo carecían de ciertos cuidados, especialmente en la elaboración de la pauta, en la utilización del libro-acta y en el tiempo de duración de las reuniones. Dificultades de expresar ideas y emitir opiniones contrarias emergieron como obstáculos en la dinámica grupal, indicando que la condición de adoptar una postura crítica llevaba a la segregación del grupo, apuntando que las 11 principales fragilidades estaban asociadas al proceso relacional del equipo. Al final, algunos insights favorecieron la toma de consciencia y, así, se desveló la ilusión de “equipo perfecto”, ocurriendo gradual reconocimiento de que esta concepción permanecía más en el plano de la idealización que, propiamente, de la realidad. En un movimiento participativo con los propios sujetos, se identificó que había necesidad de instrumentación del equipo para manejar aspectos relacionados al proceso grupal, considerando que el conocimiento acerca del referencial de Grupo Operativo podría contribuir para el trabajo que envuelve grupos, visto tratarse de una iniciativa que se haya configurado en una tendencia del trabajo en salud actualmente. De ese modo, conocer y conseguir identificar los principales fenómenos, presentes en el campo grupal, posibilitan a los equipos conducir sus reuniones de forma operativa, considerándose no solamente los resultados, pero, sobretodo, el proceso recorrido por los sujetos hasta el alcance de la tarea, con vistas al aprendizaje grupal.

Le thème de la présente recherche est l'étude des conditions dans lesquelles se développent les compétences interculturelles des jeunes immigrants en milieu scolaire à Sherbrooke. La problématique met en évidence divers questionnements en lien non seulement avec l’évolution de la société québécoise, mais aussi avec les besoins propres aux systèmes éducatifs et aux contextes dans lesquels évoluent les personnes concernées. Au niveau national et particulièrement au plan institutionnel, ces contextes sont de plus en plus marqués par l’émergence d’expériences interculturelles complexes. Celles-ci constituent des phénomènes dynamiques et en transformation; elles provoquent des sentiments multiples, des comportements spécifiques, des troubles émotionnels, des chocs culturels, etc. Ces phénomènes s’accentuent proportionnellement à l’augmentation du nombre de nouveaux arrivants dans certaines régions. Ainsi, le nombre des jeunes immigrants à Sherbrooke s’accroît sans cesse. Les professionnels du milieu scolaire ne savent plus comment agir de façon adéquate dans une telle situation ; ils déplorent leur propre manque de connaissances et de ressources dans ce domaine, étant donné que l'augmentation de l'immigration vers les petites villes constitue un phénomène relativement nouveau au Canada. Ce phénomène demeure largement sous-représenté dans la documentation scientifique. Il est traité de manière parcellaire et peu adaptée aux réalités spécifiques des adolescents évoluant dans une telle région. Il s’agit donc d’un champ conceptuel à redéfinir; son cadre de référence est à rebâtir. Dès lors, il s’avère impératif de mener une analyse fine pour mieux comprendre le processus de développement des compétences interculturelles chez les immigrants, afin de mettre en place des outils efficaces pour une meilleure appropriation des connaissances et des actions pertinentes dans plusieurs sphères culturelles et institutionnelles. Pour cela, nous avons adopté un modèle de référence structurant permettant d’analyser les conditions du développement des compétences vues sous l’angle des facteurs favorables et défavorables, en allant du microsystème au macrosystème. Quatre types de répondants ont été interrogés : les jeunes québécois, les adolescents immigrants et leurs parents, ainsi que les enseignants œuvrant au sein des classes multiethniques, pour obtenir un regard global sur les témoignages des différents acteurs concernés par les expériences d'intégration. A l’issue des analyses, les résultats montrent que les conditions étudiées relèvent de plusieurs facteurs essentiels, qui sont classés selon l’écosystème. On y retrouve principalement les degrés de motivation et d’estime de soi, l’image perçue de l’école (microsystème), les stratégies parentales (mesosystème), la formation et les approches des enseignants (exosystème) ainsi que les lois touchant à l’accueil scolaire (macrosystème). De plus, il faut noter que les jeunes immigrants tendent à s’acculturer plus rapidement et au mieux dans la nouvelle société aussi bien que dans le nouveau collectif scolaire.Dans le présent travail, les concepts traités en rapport avec la notion des compétences interculturelles se trouvent enrichis par des apports multidisciplinaires (psychologie, sciences de l’éducation, sociologie, ainsi qu’anthropologie). / The subject matter of the present research is the analysis of conditions in which immigrant youth develop their cross cultural competences in school milieu in Sherbrooke.Several questions pertaining to changes taking place in Quebec society and the particular needs of Quebec’s educational system, in which the target population evolves, are outlined. Nationally, and particularly on the institutional level, the emergence of complex intercultural trajectories is increasingly taking center-stage. Such experiences represent dynamic evolving phenomena that provoke various feelings, specific behavior patterns, emotional disorders and cultural shocks. They are more clearly identifiable in certain regions where the number of newly arrived immigrants continuously grows. And the immigration in Sherbrooke is in constant evolution. Academic professionals are not sufficiently skilled to adequately perform in this kind of situations. They deplore their lack of knowledge and resources in this area, given that immigration to small towns on this scale is a relatively new phenomenon in Canada.Furthermore, this new phenomenon remains largely unexplored in the scientific domain. This subject is only partially paid attention to and is poorly adapted to the specific realities of immigrant youth being brought up in such regions.The conceptual field and frame of reference appear to have to be entirely reconstructed. To do so, it is necessary to analyze the conditions in which immigrant youth develop their cross-cultural competencies as it would allow us to understand the process of how they are acquired.Such subtle analysis will provide for carrying out tools and techniques to better equip academic professionals with knowledge and skills to help them face their new school realities and act in an appropriate and efficient manner.To address this need, we deployed an analysis pattern, which allowed us to study the evolution of cross-cultural competences by considering positive and negative factors for their development. These factors have been classified in an ecosystem, going from micro-system to macro-system.In the present study four types of respondents were interrogated: Quebecois youth, immigrant youth and their parents and teachers working in multicultural classes. These four respondents’ types were necessary to obtain a comprehensive view of the immigrant situation and their integration. We used focus groups, projective imagination test and face to face interviews.The results of the global analysis have shown that there are several crucial factors which were classified into the ecosystem. The main identified factors are: the degree of self-motivation, self esteem and how the school image is perceived (microsystem), parental strategies (mesosystem), teachers’ academic background and their tutorial approach, as well as policies around “welcome classes” structure (macrosystem). Moreover, we noticed that immigrant youth tend to faster adopt and integrate the culture of the Quebec society as well as merge with the new school community.The present research aimed to study the concepts of cross-cultural competencies has been enriched by the multidisciplinary approach we have applied throughout our analysis (psychology, pedagogy, sociology and anthropology).

Mathematics, as a subject, is used in various scientific careers as a selection tool. It is regarded as the cornerstone of scientific literacy. However, since learners in South Africa do not perform optimally in mathematics they do not enjoy international recognition. Education renewal is ongoing, and South Africa currently follows an outcomes-based (OBE) approach. The teaching of mathematics cannot be renewed successfully if assessment methods are not regularly adapted to meet new developments in the field. The incorporation of an OBE approach at school level made it necessary to facilitate assessment renewal in tertiary mathematics at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT). TUT is engaged in a merger of three institutions, which has made the development of new curricula and teaching material essential. Hence this a perfect time to introduce assessment renewal. The primary purpose of this thesis is to report on the research study and its results, and to make recommendations for improving the practice. The overarching research hypothesis in this study is that a suitable assessment would probably enhance the effectiveness of a student’s learning. The research focused on the following questions: -- To what extent are outcomes-based strategies effectively and regularly introduced in the teaching of mathematics at TUT? -- Will tertiary mathematics facilitators be prepared to implement outcomes-based strategies at TUT? -- To what extent are outcomes-based strategies strategies in subjects supported by mathematics implemented at TUT? -- How does the ecology of TUT affect the implementation of outcomes-based strategies? -- What other factors could influence the level of implementation of OBS at TUT? -- Have any of the mathematics facilitators at TUT received suitable and adequate training in the implementation of outcomes-based strategies? -- What are the possible implications of the study for TUT’s assessment policy? Action research was chosen as the research design because it is ideally suited to improving practice. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires, personal interviews, interviews with focus groups, observations, documentation and a reflective diary. The main findings are as follows:– -- OBE strategies are not being introduced throughout TUT in the teaching of mathematics. -- Group work and peer assessments are rare occurences. -- Some lecturers are convinced that new assessment methods would lower the standard of their teaching. -- Uncertainty about the merger and the varying teaching conditions at the different campuses tend to inhibit lecturers, making them less willing to undertake assessment renewals. -- TUT should review its admission criteria. -- The lecturers cited large class groups, a lack of marking assistance and ignorance about OBE as reasons for failing to undertake assessment renewal. The study prepared respondents for assessment renewal. In the interim, however, TUT has introduced a Policy on Teaching, Learning and Technology, whereby OBE has been selected as the teaching model for TUT. In future, respondents will receive training and guidance in the implementation of OBE. This study has hopefully made a significant contribution to this positive development. / Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

This research is set within the context of the Kenyan Public Universities, where with the changing student population dynamics, students are increasingly choosing to combine parenting with studies. Many of these student parents both male and female have had to negotiate the academic requirements as well as the burden of parenthood. Such a study is important at this time of privatization and liberalization of higher education in order to open up public discourse on the provision of higher education and the effect on the socio-economic status of the students. Using qualitative research analysis based on socio-educational, socio cultural as well as socio-economic status (SES), a study was designed and conducted with the question posed: What are the socio-educational approaches of public universities with respect to student parents. Eighteen (18) interviews of ten (10) university officials and eight (8) student parents formed the research sample. Qualitative research questions were prepared in an in-depth interview guide and a focus group questioning route. Data revealed that there are students both male and female who are actively parenting in the public university and that they face role conflict and financial challenges which impacts on retention and completion rates of students in the public university. The research argues that there is need to create awareness of socioeconomic status (SES) in the university approach to inclusiveness of all students as well as student parents. Recommendations based on this study should be helpful as guidelines for a model on guidance for student parents as well as documentation of a clear policy on approaches or support for student parenthood in the public university. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Socio-Education)

Contexte La satisfaction du patient est un indicateur de la qualité des soins et un déterminant important de l’utilisation des services maternels. Son évaluation permet d’identifier des aspects qui doivent être renforcés pour accroître la qualité des soins et permettre une meilleure utilisation des services. Il y a une lacune de données en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) sur la satisfaction des femmes à l’égard de la qualité des services maternels. Objectif : explorer la satisfaction des femmes qui fréquentent les services de soins maternels en RDC ainsi que les facteurs associés à leur perception de la qualité des soins reçus. Méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude phénoménologique descriptive et interprétative. Quinze (15) entrevues semi-dirigées et quatre (4) groupes de discussion ont été réalisés avec des femmes sélectionnées selon un échantillonnage intentionnel à variation maximale dans deux hôpitaux de la zone de santé de N’Djili en RDC. L’analyse de contenu des verbatims a été faite à l’aide du logiciel QDA Miner version 5.0.19. Résultats La quasi-totalité des femmes est satisfaite des soins reçus. Les aspects les plus déterminants dans cette satisfaction sont une bonne issue des soins ainsi qu’une bonne perception des compétences, attitude et disponibilité des prestataires. Cependant, la malpropreté des lieux, la négligence dans la prise en charge, la mauvaise gestion de la douleur du travail d’accouchement et les frais imprévus ont été des sources d’insatisfaction des soins. Conclusion Les femmes participantes semblent satisfaites à l’égard des soins maternels, mais cette satisfaction cache de nombreuses failles dans la qualité en termes de prise en charge et des relations interpersonnelles. Les interventions devraient cibler ces aspects pour accroître la qualité des soins maternels. / Context Patient satisfaction is an indicator of quality of care and an important determinant of the use of maternal services. Its evaluation allows the identification of the aspects of healthcare that should be reinforced to increase the quality of care and allow a better use of the services. There is an insufficient data in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) on women satisfaction with maternal services. Objective: explore the satisfaction of women who attend maternity care services in the DRC as well as the factors associated with their perception of the quality of care received. Methods It is a phenomenological descriptive and interpretative study. Fifteen (15) semi-structured interviews and four (4) focus groups were conducted with women selected according to an intentional sampling in two hospitals of N’djili health area in the DRC. The analysis of the content of the verbatim has been done using QDA Miner software version 5.0.19. Results Almost all of the women are satisfied with the care received. The most determining aspects of this satisfaction are the good issue of healthcare as well as a good perception of the skills, attitude and availability of the service providers. However, the environment’s uncleanliness, the personnels’ neglect of care, the bad management of the pain during birth and the unexpected costs were some sources of dissatisfaction with care. Conclusion The participating women showed enough satisfaction with perinatal services, but this satisfaction hides many flaws in the quality in terms of healthcare and interpersonal relationships. The interventions should target these aspects to increase the quality of maternal healthcare.

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Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a communication disorder which can greatly affect a child’s ability to achieve academic goals. In Sweden, all children have the right to receive the support they need in school. To ensure the needs of students with DLD are being met, more studies are needed regarding teachers’ knowledge about DLD as a diagnosis, their experiences related to working with these students, and their experiences of relevant interprofessional teamwork. The purpose of this study is therefore to shed light on the professional situation for teachers of students with DLD. The results of the study are based on focus group interviews with 19 teachers from 17 different counties in Sweden. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using content analysis. The study found that the participating teachers experience DLD as a diagnosis which greatly affects students’ goal achievement as well as their socio-emotional well being. The participants also underlined the lack of instruction related to DLD in teacher training programs and described that this lack of instruction sometimes led them to feel unprepared in their work with these students. Interprofessional collaboration was lifted as an especially important aspect of work with children with DLD, but many experienced the circumstances at their workplace as suboptimal for effective teamwork. The teachers specifically expressed a desire for more collaboration with SLPs and highlighted the importance of knowledgeable and competent school leadership. The results of the study indicate a need for children with DLD to be more highly prioritized both in the education of teachers but also in the allocation of resources within schools. Additionally, in order to achieve more equitable access to education for these students, teachers feel that SLPs need to be more closely involved at the school level. / Likvärdig utbildning för barn med språkstörning - En studie om måluppfyllelse, erfarenheter och deltagande

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