Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jussara T M Bezeruska.pdf: 308760 bytes, checksum: 41ea02a76fd0c2ae2517d644445435ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to study the foucaultian question about the truth and the delimitation of its frontiers. At first it addressed the problem of the meaning of Archaeology under the philosophy of Foucault. Are then exposed some considerations about its basic features and is examining the problem of its location between the theories and methodologies. Then, it addresses the points where the archeaology is different from the ideas and histories of science and it is a reflection on some of its central objectives. Finally, we describe, detail and place one of its main objects is the wording. In the following chapter is to analyze the most important points of the history of madness in order to understand, in midst of this work, the conceptual and methodological applications characterized by Foucault in Archaeology of knowledge. In a third time looks to the words and things and there is this work the study done by Foucault on the birth of human sciences. Studies are some examples used by the philosopher, emphasizing the points made about the configurations and characteristics of natural history - as representative of traditional knowledge - and biology - as representative of modern knowledge, with emphasis on the moment when the knowledge of natural history disappears giving rise to knowledge of biology. Aimed to make clearer the paths used by Foucault in his research that allowed the emergence of a new form of relationship with the truth, is to understand the options and the development of methodological concepts which frame the proposed approach to archaeological Foucault. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da questão foucaultiana a respeito da verdade e da delimitação de suas fronteiras. Em um primeiro momento é abordada a problemática do significado do termo Arqueologia no âmbito da filosofia de Foucault. Em seguida são expostas algumas considerações sobre suas características fundamentais e é feita a análise do problema de sua localização entre as teorias e metodologias. Seguidamente, aborda-se os pontos em que a arqueologia se diferencia das histórias das idéias e das ciências e faz-se a reflexão sobre alguns de seus objetivos centrais. Finalmente, procura-se caracterizar, detalhar e situar um de seus objetos principais que é o enunciado. No capítulo seguinte faz-se a análise dos pontos mais importantes de História da loucura a fim de perceber, nos meandros desta obra, as aplicações metodológicas e conceituais caracterizadas por Foucault em Arqueologia do saber. Em um terceiro momento analisa-se As palavras e as coisas e destaca-se desta obra o estudo feito por Foucault a respeito do nascimento das ciências humanas. Estuda-se alguns exemplos utilizados pelo filósofo, evidenciando as considerações feitas sobre as configurações e as características da história natural como representativa dos saberes clássicos e da biologia como representativa dos saberes modernos, dando-se ênfase ao momento em que o saber da história natural desaparece dando lugar ao saber da biologia. Objetiva-se tornar mais claros os caminhos adotados por Foucault em suas pesquisas que possibilitaram o surgimento de uma forma nova de relação com a verdade, visando-se o entendimento das opções metodológicas e do desenvolvimento dos conceitos que estruturam a proposta de abordagem arqueológica de Foucault.

À partir des réflexions du phénoménologue tchèque Jan Patočka et des études du philosophe français Michel Foucault, on interroge le thème du souci – de soi, de l’âme, des autres, du monde – en tant que forme de relation éthique. Dans l'éclipse des systèmes de valeurs traditionnelles, les recherches sur la notion du souci peuvent ouvrir une perspective éthique à même de reformuler les termes de la responsabilité collective.Le point de départ c’est un passage du dernier cours de Foucault au Collège de France (Le courage de la vérité), où le philosophe renvoie à la pensée de Patočka. Foucault reconnaît à l'auteur tchèque d'avoir été le seul philosophe contemporain à avoir approfondi le principe ancien de l'epimeleia. Cependant, selon Foucault, sa propre recherche – construite autour de la notion de epimeleia heautou, c'est-à-dire le souci comme mise à l'épreuve, problématisation et stylisation du soi – différerait de celle de Patočka, qui vise plus l'étude de l'epimeleia tes psychés, à savoir l’âme sous le profil ontologique et gnoséologique.Tout d’abord, la thèse de Foucault encourage une analyse de la signification du terme « âme » dans le contexte de la phénoménologie asubjective élaborée par Patočka. En second lieu, elle invite à étudier la notion de « soi » à l’oeuvre dans les derniers textes de Foucault. En interrogeant les rapports entre les processus singulières de subjectivation et le bios en tant que « mode de vie » ou « style d’existence », on arrive à poser le problème de la vie en tant qu’horizon ontologique de l'être en commun. On s’interroge sur la possibilité d’un « souci dubios » qui soit à la fois « lien de vie » et « forme de vie » : souci du bios comme ontologie critique des conditions rendant possible la reconnaissance de la vie en tant que dimension de la co-appartenance, et, en même temps, attitude éthique à se faire charge de sa vulnérabilité. / Starting from the research of the Czech phenomenologist Jan Patočka and the studies of the French philosopher Michel Foucault, this thesis investigates the question of the care – of the self, for the soul, of the others, of the world – as a form of ethical relationship. In the twilight of the traditional value systems, the ethical perspective in researches on the notion of care enables a redefinition of collective responsibility.The starting point is a paragraph of the Foucault’s last course at the Collège de France (Courage Of Truth), where the philosopher refers to Patočka’s work. Foucault marks a separation between his work, focused on the theme of the bios, as opposed to that of Patočka, centred on the issue of the psyche. According to Foucault, his own research on epimeleia heautou as problematization and stylization of the self is different from that of Patočka, who is interested in the ontological and epistemological facets of the concept of soul .First, Foucault’s thesis encourages an analysis of the meaning of the word “soul” in the context of the asubjective phenomenology developed by Patočka. Second, it suggests to focus on the notion of “self” in last texts of Foucault.Questioning the relationship between the processes of subjectivation and the bios as a “style of existence”, we start considering life as ontological horizon of being in common. This thinking allows for the possibility of “care for the bios” as both “bond of life” and “way of life”: as critical ontology of the conditions that govern the recognition of life as ontological dimension of being in common, on the one hand; and as ethical attitude to protect the bios’s vulnerability on the other. / A partire dalle riflessioni del fenomenologo cèco Jan Patočka e dagli studi del filosofo francese Michel Foucault, questa ricerca intende esplorare il tema della cura – di sé, dell’anima, degli altri, del mondo – in quanto forma di relazione etica. Nell’eclissi dei sistemi valoriali tradizionali, le ricerche sulla nozione di cura possono offrire una prospettiva etica capace di riformulare i termini della responsabilità collettiva. Il punto di partenza è un passaggio dell’ultimo corso di Foucault al Collège de France (Il coraggio della verità), dove il filosofo fa riferimento al pensiero di Patočka. Foucault riconosce all’autore ceco di essere stato il solo autore contemporaneo ad aver approfondito il principio antico dell’epimeleia. Tuttavia, secondo Foucault, la propria personale ricerca – articolata attorno alla nozione di epimeleia heautou, cioè di cura come messa alla prova, problematizzazione e stilizzazione di sé – differirebbe da quella di Patočka, più interessata allo studio dell’epimeleia tes psyches, ossia all’anima sotto il profilo ontologico e gnoseologico.Innanzitutto, la tesi di Foucault incoraggia un’analisi del significato del termine “anima” nel contesto della fenomenologia asoggettiva elaborata da Patočka. In secondo luogo, invita a studiare la nozione di “sé” presente negli ultimi testi di Foucault. Indagando i rapporti tra i processi singolari di soggettivazione e il bios in quanto “modo di vita” o “stile di esistenza”, si arriva a porre il problema della vita in quanto orizzonte ontologico dell’essere in comune. Ci si interroga così sulla possibilità di una cura del bios che sia insieme “legame di vita” e “modo di vita”: cura del bios come ontologia critica delle condizioni che rendono possibile il riconoscimento della vita, intesa come dimensione della coappartenenza, e allo stesso tempo attitudine etica a farsi carico della sua vulnerabilità.

Purpose–This study has examined the information behaviour and perception of information in a group ofinformation users who have a critical approach to the media and the information supply. Some of them call themselvesor are being called conspiracy theorists. The purpose was to examine how their information behaviour is influenced by the belief that the information is biased or inaccurate and what the information behaviour looks like when the user searches for discrepancies rather than a response to a question. Method–The study is based on transcribed interviews and email responses to interview questions. The model used to analyze the source material is Christine Bruceʼs seven categories of information literacy as presented in Seven Faces of Information Literacy. The outcome is compared with other user studies. Subsequently, the source material has been studied through Michel Foucaultʼs discourse theory. Focus is on power, anti-discourses and institutions. Findings–The analyses have shown that the informants have a sufficiently uniform information behaviour to be studied as a user group. Their information behaviour is focused on different strategies for evaluating information and understanding courses of events. This behaviour is based on a critical approach to what is considered as "truth" in the discourse. Originality/value–The user group has not been studied before in LIS research. Paper type–This is a two years master’s thesis in library and information science in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

This dissertation attempts to interrogate whether the postmodern anti-essentialist approach to the body can truly recognize the ethical value of the body. For the postmodernists, the value of the human body has long been repressed by Cartesian rationalism and dualism that privileges the mind over the body. Dualism is a form of reductionism that reduces either the mind to the body or the body to the mind. It not only fails to recognize an interaction between mind and body, but also privileges one side at the expense of the other. For instance, rationalism is a dualist reductionism since it always explains the body and matter in terms of mind or reason. Thus, dualism not only refers to a split or separation between mind and body, but also refers to a reductive relation between mind and body.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’alimentaire en tant que discours social du « comment se nourrir » se déployant avec une intensité toute particulière dans l’actuel régime de gouvernement de libéralisme avancé. Elle propose plus spécifiquement de penser cette intensité comme participant d’un investissement de l’alimentaire en tant que lieu privilégié dans la production d’articulations du rapport à soi (relation éthique à soi-même) et d’une citoyenneté comprise en termes d’abord normatifs. Cette productivité est mise en évidence par le biais d’une « exemplification » des ensembles de régularités des discours alimentaires contemporains qui s’avèrent les plus saillants quant à leurs effets de citoyenneté. Le premier de ces ensembles est abordé à travers une analyse de la campagne de réforme des habitudes alimentaires des écoliers britanniques Jamie’s School Dinners, considérée en tant qu’exemple des discours tendant aujourd’hui à faire d’une certaine culture alimentaire un enjeu de citoyenneté culturelle. Je m’intéresse dans un second temps aux dynamiques qui s’opèrent dans Mettez le Québec dans votre assiette!, une campagne sociétale en faveur de l’alimentation locale qui m’apparait exemplaire de la production contemporaine du « manger local » en tant qu’expression de confiance et de patriotisme envers une nation définie par ses terroirs. Finalement, je me tourne vers l’ouvrage In Defense of Food. An Eater’s Manifesto de Michael Pollan en tant qu’exemple de coprésence des deux ensembles de régularités discutés précédemment et d’un troisième (le « nutritionnisme ») que j’analyse en tant que réarticulation du discours de devoir de santé de la science nutritionnelle. Cette thèse se conclut sur une discussion de quelques-uns des effets de cette coprésence et des citoyennetés alimentaires qu’elle informe. Je m’attarde plus spécifiquement à la politique des plaisirs qui traverse ces citoyennetés, une politique se déployant sur le mode de l’anxiété (face à un futur incertain) et selon une logique générationnelle par laquelle les espaces de la nation et de la famille se trouvent simultanément investis. / This dissertation examines food and eating as a social discourse on “what to eat” that unfolds with a remarkable intensity within the current advanced liberal regime of government. More specifically, I propose to conceive of this intensity as participating of an investment of food and eating as a privileged site in the production of articulations of the ethics of the care of the self (ethical self-formation) and of a normative understanding of citizenship. This productivity is put forth by means of an “exemplification” of clusters of regularities in food and eating discourses that appear to be the most prominent in terms of their effects of citizenship. The first of these clusters is explored through an analysis of Jamie’s School Dinners, a campaign for a reform of the British school dinner system that I consider exemplary of discourses that are currently positing (a specific) food culture as an issue of cultural citizenship. I then look at some operations at play in Mettez le Québec dans votre assiette!, a social marketing campaign in favour of local food that, I contend, is exemplary of the contemporary production of “local eating” as an expression of trust and of patriotism toward a nation defined by its terroirs. I finally turn to Michael Pollan’s book In Defense of Food. An Eater’s Manifesto as an example of co-presence of the two clusters of regularities already discussed and a third one (“nutritionism”) that I regard as a rearticulation of the “duty to be well” put forth by nutritional science. This dissertation concludes on an examination of some of the effects of this co-presence and of the food citizenships that it informs. More specifically, I argue that these citizenships are pervaded by a politics of pleasure which works through anxiety (toward an uncertain future) and according to a generational logic which unfolds simultaneously in the space of the nation and in that of the family.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att generera kunskap om det samtida abortmotståndet i Sverige genom att undersöka samtida och svensk abortkritisk diskurs, samt hur diskursen framställer abort som fenomen. Empirin har bestått utav texter från två abortkritiska organisationer: ”Ja till livet” och ”Människorätt för ofödda”. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt har varit en Foucault-inspirerad diskursteori, och empirin har analyserats med hjälp av en diskursanalys. Resultaten visar att den samtida abortkritiska diskursen i Sverige innefattar ett centralt element inom vilket fostret definieras som ett ofött barn, och därigenom konstrueras fostret som en egen individ med ett essentiellt människovärde. Vidare framställs abort som mord, likväl som en oansvarig och moraliskt felaktig handling. Däremot framställs fullföljandet av en graviditet och sedermera att axla föräldraskapet som det främsta sättet att ta ansvar. Ytterligare resultat identifierar ett element där abortkritik definieras i termer av kvinnans bästa; ett element inom vilket abort konstrueras som skadligt för kvinnor, och kvinnor konstrueras som offer inför abort och aborttvång. Slutligen hävdar diskursen sanningsanspråk genom hänvisningar till vetenskaplig kunskap och moraliska övertygelser; och genom att framställa diskursens världsbild som objektiv sanning så utmanas den allmänna svenska diskursen. / The purpose of this study has been to generate knowledge regarding the contemporary anti-abortion movement in Sweden, by examining the contemporary anti-abortion discourse and it’s construction of abortion as a phenomenon. The empirics has included texts from two anti-abortion organisations: ”Ja till livet” and ”Människorätt för ofödda”. The study has relied on a theoretical base of discourse theory inspired by Foucault, and the empirics have been examined through a discourse analysis. The results shows that the contemporary anti-abortion discourse in Sweden relies on a central element where the feetus is referred to as an unborn child, and therefore constructed as a person with an essential human worth. Furthermore, abortion is presented as an act of murder, as well as irresponsible and morally wrong. The act of carrying the pregnancy to term and then caring for the child is however presented as the ultimate way to take responsibility. In addition to this, a ”pro-woman”-element constitutes the discourse; constructing abortion as harmful to women, and women as victims of both abortion and coercion. Finally, the discourse claims its veracity by referring to science and moral convictions, and by claiming its view of the world as objectively true, the popular discourse on abortion is challenged.

Former creative resistance to environmentally hazardous activities has during the last decades, through discussions on climate change, been increasingly reoriented by meteorology, expert knowledge and policy discourse. The ecological system’s perspective on climate change, proclaiming the human not simply as a disturbance in a natural balancing system, but as changing it, has become a causal model for the possibility to change that human. This PhD thesis interrogates how statements in IPCC reports and a Swedish newspaper (DN) constitute truth claims on climate change. What subjectivities does parlance on climate change produce and what type of citizen is called upon to optimize vitality in relation to atmospheric molecules? How is self-management of every-day activities established by help to interactivity and self-techniques framed by technical artefacts? These questions are addressed by a governmentality perspective on how discourse, conceived as partaking in a process of productive power, strives to make climate change an ethico-politic question that fosters ‘Homo Clima’, climate man. What strategies and techniques this form of ‘government’ deploys are described by six interconnecting themes; “Atmospheric biopolitics fosters contingency”, “Mortality/Vitality”, “The moral population in the atmosphere moral economy”, “Homo Clima” and “Bioaesthetics through technical artefacts”, ending in a discussion upon these themes as an act which “Re-thematizes climate change”. The chapters illustrate how statements on the prevention and mitigation of climate risks mold scientific rationalities, mathematically modelled futures and calculations of molecular compounds with how these same futures and molecules correlate to individual culpability, responsibility and morality. From Foucauldian biopolitics to Foucauldian ethics, this can be conceived as an optimization of the vitality of the population by inserting the idea of the population as moral into history and foster moral en masse. Homo Clima is in line with this power/knowledge regime investigated, regarding his ambitions and receptiveness to adapt into a self-governing communicative ethico-politically active neoliberal subject, predicted to inhabit a not yet fully flourished relation between its climate moral self and its actions. By statements in the perimeter of technical artefacts, death, reproduction and consumption, Homo Clima is to become an ideal citizen, investing its own changeability in relation to those beings that are investigated, mapped, localized, archived, systematized and segmented; to simultaneously amend and protect a climate authorized aesthetizised life. This formation, together with the atmosphere as a new terrain for ‘government’ with market solutions for climate risks that links vitalisation with individual morality to moral at an aggregate level, offers an ostensible confrontation of the enterprising subject in the advanced liberal society. Homo Clima is thus conceptualized as a relay of bioaesthetics rather than as a protector of the environment. / <p>QC 20110608</p>

The following study examines the process behind the legalization of homosexual acts in Sweden between the years of 1933-1944. This is done through Michel Foucault’s thoughts about bio-power and episteme. The study also relies on the definition of heteronormativity found in Tiina Rosenbergs book Queerfeministisk agenda. I have made use of public Swedish government publications in the form of Statens offentliga utredningar (loosely translated to public investigations by the government) and motions, propositions and protocol from the Swedish parliament between the investigated period (1933-1944). The goal of the study was to identify the most influential episteme which in turn was analysed to see, if it in any way, influenced the discourse against homosexuals in a positive or negative way. Results from the study confirms that the contemporary episteme named after Emil Kraeplin which concludes that homosexual behaviour was seen in the light of being something socially constructed and could therefore be spread between individuals in the means of homosexual manipulations. This lead the episteme to influence the discourse against homosexuals to be viewed as a disease and a mental illness. By looking at homosexuality from the outlook of the Kraeplin episteme the Swedish law was formed in a way to protect the Swedish youth from being able to be manipulated into spreading the homosexual acts.

My thesis is a study of how the perception of booktalk aimed at kids and youngsters in the Swedish educational system has changed between 1932 and 2007. A discursive reading of articles in the magazine Biblioteksbladet provides the basis for my investigation. The thesis argues that an older "authoritaritan" and "traditional" discourse has given way for a more modern, "anti-authoritaritan" and "lust"-directed discourse. The older discourse was designed to make sure that young people were provided with a certain well-defined quantity of "approved" literature. The new discourse stresses the importance of fostering kids and youngsters with a positive and enthusiastic attitude towards reading in general. However the new discoruse is not without conflicts of its own, som e of which are addressed in this thesis. In order to provide for a basis of method concerning the making of a discursive reading of the articles of Biblioteksbladet included in the investigation are several discourse analytical perspectives such as amongst others that of Michel Foucault discussed in the thesis.

Sverige har under en längre period utgjort de OECD-land med ett av de högsta antal förlossningsskador. Historiskt har förlossningsvården varit en sfär för kvinnor. Medicinvetenskapen intog emellertid en allt mer betydande roll under 1800-talet och läkarkåren utgjordes av män. Den gravida kvinnan blev en patologisk kropp. Följden har lett till att kvinnor föder i gynställning och bristningar är standard. Syftet med studien har utgjorts av att, genom Foucaults teori om biomakt undersöka hur en svensk, samhällelig och medicinsk normalisering av förlossningsskador kan förstås som en följd av medikalisering av kvinnlig sexualitet och reproduktion. Med ett konstruktivistiskt angreppssätt baserat på upplevelser och definitionsprocesser har kvinnors subjektiva erfarenheter av sina skador studerats genom strukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet skildrar en statlig inverkan i reproduktionsfrågor och dess disciplinerande kontrollorgan, inte minst inom mödra- och barnahälsovården. Känslor av skam, skuld, litenhet och förminskande är upplevelser bemötandet i vården orsakat. Samhället är aktiva i att upprätthålla realiteten för kvinnorna och förmedlas diskursivt, då kvinnan som gör anspråk på den egna kroppen kategoriseras som avvikande. Det saknas ett psykosocialt inriktat stöd i vårdkedjan. / For a long period of time Sweden has been an OECD-country with one of the highest quantity of obstetric injuries. Childbirth has mainly been a sphere for women historically. Medical science however took an increasingly significant role during the 19th century and the profession mainly contained men. The pregnant woman became a pathological body. The consequence has led to women giving birth in lithotomy position and obstetric trauma is standard. The aim of this study has been, through Foucaults theory of bio power, analyse how a Swedish, social and medical normalization of obstetric injuries can be understood as a result of medicalization of the female sexuality and reproductivity. With a constructivist approach, the subjective experiences of their obstetric injuries has been analysed via structured interviews with women. The result shows a public impact in questions regarding female reproductivity and sexuality from the institute administrators. Emotional states of shame, guilt, pity and diminishing occur by the encounter with the institutes. Societies maintain the reality for women and mediate it discursively, since women who claim their bodies as their own are abnormal. Psychosocial support lacks in the care chain.