The purpose of this study was to document the history of Susie G. Gibson High School from its opening in 1954 to its closure in 1970. The researcher documented and described the establishment, operation, and closure of the school. The study includes a description of how Bedford County transitioned from a dual system of segregated education to a single school system for students of all races and how Susie G. Gibson High School was converted for use as a vocational school as it still functions today. Historical research methods were used to collect data and describe the education of Black students who attended the Susie G. Gibson High School. The evidence for the study consists of primary and secondary sources. This evidence includes written records, archives, manuscripts, maps and documents, but also artifacts (Williams, 2007, p.11). The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with students, school employees, and community members who were involved with the school. Minutes of school board meetings and other contemporary records were utilized as well. Studies by Bonner (1939) and Harrell (1951) and histories by other authors were used as secondary sources for historical context. Susie G. Gibson High School opened in the fall of 1954. It was a much anticipated event because it was the first new high school for Blacks in Bedford County, Virginia. Susie G. Gibson High School replaced the much smaller Bedford Training School that began as an elementary school, but which provided some secondary schooling after 1930. The opening of the school was a culmination of negotiations between the Black community and the Bedford County School Board. The school was the pride of the Black community for over a decade and a half. Susie G. Gibson High School changed to a vocational school in 1970 when the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) ordered Bedford County to fully integrate its school system. / Ed. D.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-25T21:15:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioCoimbra.pdf: 730065 bytes, checksum: 6f5d368d2f41e1c4a9654255415569eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T21:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioCoimbra.pdf: 730065 bytes, checksum: 6f5d368d2f41e1c4a9654255415569eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-03 / The general objective of this research is to understand the importance of freedom (freedom of choice) and democracy for the construction of the Theory of the Development (in its human perspective) in the works of the Indian philosopher and economist Amartya Sen. Taking into consideration the results that are aimed to be reached, an analytical and hermeneutics reading and the comparison of selected texts will be held as a methodological strategy through all this study. A brief presentation of the Theory of the Development as freedom will be carried out taking debates and theories that were formed around the issue in the context of the development that followed the Second World War as a starting point for reflection. The relevance of Ethics in promoting development will be investigated arguing that its relevance increases when Ethics and Economics are joined, and decreases when they separate apart. The critics of Amartya Sen to the traditional concept of development that identified it to factors such as the increase in the GNP (Gross National Product) and industrialization will be presented, as well as the perspective of freedom as a means and a goal of development. In this context, it is defended that the development thought by Sen can be understood as a process of eliminating the privations that limit the choices and the capabilities of individuals restricting their freedom to live the life they wish and value. The extension of choices will appear then as the real goal of human development. The perspective of democracy trying to understand its intrinsic importance, its protective role and its constructive importance will be discussed. In this regard, it will be argued that the practice of democracy means giving citizens the opportunity to participate in power so that they can participate in Politics. This participation enables them to be agents. Someone who according to Sen (2010, p. 34): "acts and brings about change and whose achievements can be judged according to their own goals." / O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consiste em compreender a relevância da liberdade (leia-se: liberdade de escolha) e da democracia para a construção da teoria do desenvolvimento (em sua perspectiva humana) nas obras do filósofo e economista indiano Amartya Sen. Tendo em vista os resultados que a pesquisa pretende alcança, a estratégia metodológica será um trabalho de leitura analítica e hermenêutica e comparação dos textos selecionados e indicados nas referências, ao final. Far-se-á uma breve apresentação da teoria do desenvolvimento como liberdade, tomando como ponto inicial de reflexão os debates e teorias que se constituíram em torno da temática do desenvolvimento no contexto que se seguiu à Segunda Guerra Mundial. Investigar-se-á a relevância da ética na promoção do desenvolvimento. Argumentar-se-á que essa relevância aumenta na medida em que ética e economia se unem, e diminui na medida em que elas se separam. Apresentar-se-ão as críticas de Sen à concepção tradicional de desenvolvimento que identificava este com fatores como o aumento do PNB (Produto Nacional Bruto) e industrialização. Discorrer-se-á sobre a perspectiva da liberdade apresentando-a como meio e fim do desenvolvimento. A esse propósito, defender-se-á que o desenvolvimento pensado por Sen pode ser entendido como um processo de eliminação das privações que limitam as escolhas e as capacidades dos indivíduos, restringindo assim suas liberdades de viverem a vida que desejariam e que, com razão, valorizam. O alargamento das escolhas será apresentado, então, como o objetivo real do desenvolvimento humano. Discutir-se-á a perspectiva da democracia, procurando compreender a sua relevância intrínseca, seu papel protetor e sua importância construtiva. A esse respeito, argumentar-se-á que a prática da democracia significa dar aos cidadãos a oportunidade de participar do poder, para o que se torna fundamental que eles tenham tempo para participar da política. Pois, é por meio dessa participação que eles efetivam sua condição de agente: alguém que, nos dizeres de Sen (2010, p. 34): “age e ocasiona mudanças e cujas realizações podem ser julgadas de acordo com seus próprios objetivos”.

The primary aim of this investigation is to focus on the delivering of pre-abortion counselling from a social work perspective. The importance of delivery of pre abortion counselling with regard to the pregnant woman, who is considering the termination of a pregnancy, is accentuated on the one hand. On the other hand, the focus is on making social workers aware of becoming involved in abortion-related services. The thesis consists of five Sections: SECTION A This section indicates the actuality of the research, namely a study of pre-abortion counselling according to which four research questions are formulated. The overarching research aim and four research objectives are discussed in the section. This research takes on the intervention research model within the combined qualitative and quantitative research approach. The survey procedure was utilized in two different manners to wit the single-system design and mailed questionnaires. The data which was captured during thorough interviews was processed computer-wise as well as by hand. SECTION B This section was presented in the form of four articles in which the research finding were reported. AU four articles form part of the all-embracing research aims and objectives and of the entire research project. However, every article is a sub-project of the entire research project because it also acts independently - each with a distinctive problem statement, research aim and objectives, research methods and distinctive content. Section B consists of the following articles: Article 1 discusses abortion as a moral dilemma in South Africa and points out that there are still unanswered questions with regard to this acute subject that is as old as mankind. In Article 2 the living space of the pregnant woman who requests the termination of a pregnancy is discussed with the accent on the necessity for the understanding of such a woman who finds herself in a crisis situation, in order to deliver an effective social work service. The importance of pre-abortion counselling with crisis intervention as the proper model is discussed in Article 3. And as indicated that delivering pre-abortion counselling to the pregnant woman who requests the termination of a pregnancy is essential for the decision-making process but also with regard to her future. Article 4 discusses the opinion of social workers concerning the delivery of pre-abortion counselling. 'The social worker as a pre-abortion counsellor, and who forms part of the multi-professional team receives priority attention here. SECTION C In Section C, the conclusions and recommendations with regard to this research is explained. The limitations of this study are indicated, and recommendations are made with a view to its utilisation in theory and in practice as well as for training and research SECTION D AU addendum that are referred to in the thesis are contained in this section. SECTION E Although each article has its own source list, a combined source list of the entire research project is presented in this section. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The primary aim of this investigation is to focus on the delivering of pre-abortion counselling from a social work perspective. The importance of delivery of pre abortion counselling with regard to the pregnant woman, who is considering the termination of a pregnancy, is accentuated on the one hand. On the other hand, the focus is on making social workers aware of becoming involved in abortion-related services. The thesis consists of five Sections: SECTION A This section indicates the actuality of the research, namely a study of pre-abortion counselling according to which four research questions are formulated. The overarching research aim and four research objectives are discussed in the section. This research takes on the intervention research model within the combined qualitative and quantitative research approach. The survey procedure was utilized in two different manners to wit the single-system design and mailed questionnaires. The data which was captured during thorough interviews was processed computer-wise as well as by hand. SECTION B This section was presented in the form of four articles in which the research finding were reported. AU four articles form part of the all-embracing research aims and objectives and of the entire research project. However, every article is a sub-project of the entire research project because it also acts independently - each with a distinctive problem statement, research aim and objectives, research methods and distinctive content. Section B consists of the following articles: Article 1 discusses abortion as a moral dilemma in South Africa and points out that there are still unanswered questions with regard to this acute subject that is as old as mankind. In Article 2 the living space of the pregnant woman who requests the termination of a pregnancy is discussed with the accent on the necessity for the understanding of such a woman who finds herself in a crisis situation, in order to deliver an effective social work service. The importance of pre-abortion counselling with crisis intervention as the proper model is discussed in Article 3. And as indicated that delivering pre-abortion counselling to the pregnant woman who requests the termination of a pregnancy is essential for the decision-making process but also with regard to her future. Article 4 discusses the opinion of social workers concerning the delivery of pre-abortion counselling. 'The social worker as a pre-abortion counsellor, and who forms part of the multi-professional team receives priority attention here. SECTION C In Section C, the conclusions and recommendations with regard to this research is explained. The limitations of this study are indicated, and recommendations are made with a view to its utilisation in theory and in practice as well as for training and research SECTION D AU addendum that are referred to in the thesis are contained in this section. SECTION E Although each article has its own source list, a combined source list of the entire research project is presented in this section. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The purpose of this study is to explore the ethical dilemma in design that User Experience (UX) designers encounter in their workplace, consumers’ perception of ethics in bright patterns and dark patterns, and consumers’ decisions between bright patterns and dark patterns. The former aims to understand the reason behind the prevalence of dark patterns, while the latter aims to determine whether bright patterns are a potential ethical approach that designers can adopt in the future. In this study, the methods semi-structured interview and within-subjects experiment with follow-up interview were conducted to gather empirical data. For both methods, a content analysis was selected to analyze the empirical data, which resulted in findings that answered the research questions of this study. The findings show that (1) authority to decide how designers should address ethics in design is more distributed to those investing in a product development project, (2) most ethical issues revolve around challenges of working in an ethical manner rather than bad practices of incorporating ethics in design work, (3) designers adopt one or more ethical approaches to stay ethical and /or address ethical issues that arise in their workplace, (4) some specific bright patterns and dark patterns have no influence on consumer decisions while other specific bright patterns and dark patterns influence consumer decisions, and (5) consumers perceive bright patterns to be more ethical than dark patterns in terms of freedom of choice and transparency.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-02T12:07:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Martins Lima_.pdf: 1564333 bytes, checksum: d04dcebeec6d821012bef08eb5834707 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T12:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Martins Lima_.pdf: 1564333 bytes, checksum: d04dcebeec6d821012bef08eb5834707 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação de mestrado versa sobre a utilização dos bancos de perfis genéticos para fins de persecução criminal no Brasil, analisando os pressupostos da Bioética, os direitos e garantias fundamentais elencados na Constituição Federal de 1988 e a possível afetação dos princípios basilares no processo penal que é o princípio da não autoincriminação, isto é, o direito constitucional de não produzir prova contra si mesmo. Diante disso, será analisada uma possível colisão do princípio da coletividade em relação à individualidade do ser humano, buscando dessa forma uma possível amenização e/ou solução, diante dos prováveis benefícios que a tecnologia do DNA humano possa trazer em termos de avanços na Biotecnologia e no campo do Direito, como ciência social e jurídica. Será feita ainda uma análise crítica do advento da lei 12.654/2012, buscando entender melhor a forma de aplicação e atuação da mesma em termos jurídicos, biopolíticos e sociais. Ao final, será feita uma abordagem sobre a política criminal atuarial e a expansão do fenômeno do Direito Penal na contemporaneidade, buscando correlacionar esse avanço com a tecnologia dos bancos de perfis genéticos para fins de investigação criminal. Através disso, a pesquisa será sustentada e ao final buscar-se-á uma resposta quanto à possível afetação do princípio da autonomia da vontade e da questão crucial do consentimento prévio, livre e esclarecido. / This master's thesis deals with the use of bank of genetic profiles for criminal prosecution purposes in Brazil, analyzing the assumptions of bioethics, the rights and guarantees listed in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the possible allocation of basic principles in criminal proceedings It is the principle of non-self-incrimination, and the constitutional right not to produce evidence against himself. Therefore, a possible collision of the principle of collectivity over individuality of the human being will be analyzed, thus seeking a possible softening and / or solution on the likely benefits that the human DNA technology can bring in terms of advances in Biotechnology and in the field of law as a social and legal science. It will be even made a critical analysis of the advent of Law 12.654 / 2012, seeking to better understand the application form and performance of it on legal, bio-political and social terms. At the end, an approach on actuarial criminal policy and the expansion of criminal law phenomenon in contemporary times will be made an attempt to correlate this advance with the technology of banks genetic profiling for criminal investigation purposes. Through this, the research will be sustained and the end will be sought for an answer about the possible affectation of the principle of freedom of choice and the crucial issue of prior, free and clear.

This study is in response to globalisation, changing world values and the call in modern literature for leaders of good character. Servant-leadership is offered to fill this requirement because its effectiveness is said to be reliant on the good character of the leader. In the literature this type of leadership is said to represent a new paradigm. The work of servant-leadership's proponent, Robert Greenleaf, is thoroughly examined to explain how his understanding of trust as faith is linked to spirituality and this is the key to understanding the character of servant-leaders. Greenleaf's work is compared with the modern servant-leadership literature and identifies a gap in the literature explaining Greenleaf's spirituality.This is a qualitative analysis using classical Grounded Theory and uses the work of Anthony Giddens to give it a modern sociological grounding. Classical Grounded Theory uses typologies or

Med en ökad äldre befolkning förväntas åldersstrukturen i det svenska samhället förändras. Som en följd därav ökar behovet av service, vård och omsorg varpå kommuner ställs inför utmaningen att tillhandahålla de äldres behov utifrån ett bättre resursutnyttjande. Till det kommer att den nya lagen om valfrihetssystem (LOV) möjliggör och förtydligar konkurrensutsättning av hemtjänst. Kan konkurrens enligt LOV leda till ett ökat resursutnyttjande och ökad effektivitet i den kommunala hemtjänstverksamheten? Syftet med denna uppsats är således att förklara hur konkurrensutsättning av hemtjänstverksamhet enligt valfrihetssystem påverkar kommuners effektivitet. Vi vill även förklara hur ekonomi- och verksamhetsstyrning i kommunen påverkar effektivitet vid ett införande av valfrihetssystem.I fråga om metod har vi utgått från en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi, en deduktiv forskningsansats, ett förklarande syfte och ett kvantitativt metodval. Då valfrihetssystem är ett relativt outforskat område har vår utformning av hypoteser utgått från tidigare forskning om konkurrensförhållanden inom primärvård. Grundstommen för vår uppsats är två teoretiska modeller som vi väljer att utgå ifrån för att påvisa olika samband. Den konstruktion av hypoteser vi valt att göra har vi därmed baserat på den befintliga forskning som finns om effekterna av att konkurrensutsätta verksamhet inom offentlig sektor.Vår empiriska undersökning bygger på en enkätstudie där vi gjort en totalundersökning på de 82 kommuner som har valfrihetssystem i drift. Slutsats därav blir således att konkurrensutsättning av hemtjänstverksamhet enligt LOV leder till ökad effektivitet. På samma sätt drar vi slutsatsen att en prestationsbaserad ersättning leder till att effektiviteten ökar. Likaså drar vi slutsatsen att en förtydligad och framgångsrik styrning leder till ökad effektivitet vid ett införande av valfrihetssystem. / With a growing elderly population the age structure of the Swedish society is expected to change. Consequently, the need for service and elderly care has increased and municipalities are faced with the challenge with providing for the needs of elderly people based on better utilization of resources. The new law about freedom of choice system (LOV) allows for competition in the home help sector. Can competition according to LOV lead to an increased utilization of resources and greater efficiency in the municipal home care business? The aim of this paper is, therefore, to explain how the competition in the home care sector, according to freedom of choice, affects municipal efficiency. We also aim to explain how management control in the municipality affects the efficiency of the introduction of the choice system.This study has a positivist research philosophy, a deductive research approach, an explanatory purpose and a quantitative method. Although the freedom of choice system is a relatively unexplored area, the hypotheses are based on previous research on competitive conditions in primary care. The foundation of the study is two theoretical models used to demonstrate different contexts. Therefore, the construction of the hypotheses was based on the existing research on the effects of exposure the business in public sector to competition.The empirical study is based on a comprehensive survey made on the 82 municipalities with freedom of choice system running. The conclusion is that competition of home care activities according to LOV leads to increased efficiency. In the same way performance-based compensation leads to increased efficiency. In addition a clearer and more successful management control leads to increased efficiency when introducing the freedom of choice system.

Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de proposer une nouvelle approche pour appréhender l’accessibilité afin qu’elle offre des opportunités réelles aux personnes de se déplacer et de se développer. Cette orientation de recherche s’est appuyée sur l’approche par les capabilités qui fournit un cadre théorique pertinent et original pour atteindre une accessibilité capacitante, c'est-à-dire qui permette le développement des personnes. Dans cette thèse, le cadre applicatif de l’approche théorique est la mobilité des personnes vieillissantes.Méthodes : Après une présentation de l’approche par les capabilités, un état de l’art sur l’accessibilité et la présentation du contexte applicatif de cette thèse, nous présentons trois recherches, qui utilisent une combinaison de méthodes (i.e. atelier, observations, questionnaires, projection situationnelle, technique des incidents critiques).Résultats : Les résultats de ces recherches permettent de définir l’accessibilité capacitante et de concevoir un modèle pour l’appréhender en ergonomie. Ce modèle met en évidence des déterminants de l’accessibilité capacitante tels que les ressources et les facteurs d’usage (i.e. les facteurs de conversion et les facteurs de choix). De plus, il décrit le processus qui peut amener à des activités contraintes et/ou empêchées.Conclusion : En conclusion, une présentation du modèle développé dans ce travail est proposée ainsi qu’une définition de l’accessibilité capacitante. Ensuite, les perspectives de recherches portent d’une part sur les recherches en conception visant l’accessibilité capacitante, et d’autre part, sur les effets à long terme de l’accessibilité capacitante sur les activités méta-fonctionnelles. / Objective: The objective of this work was to propose a new approach for the understanding of accessibility. Through this approach, accessibility is considered as a number of qualities of environments or activities providing real opportunities for development to people. This line of research was based on the capability approach which provides a unique and relevant theoretical framework to achieve enabling accessibility (i.e. accessibility which offers real development opportunities to people). In this thesis, the application context of enabling accessibility is older adults’ mobility. Methods: After a presentation of the capability approach, a state of the art on accessibility and presentation of the application context of this research, we present three studies, which use a combination of methods (i.e. workshop, observations, survey, situational projection, critical incident technique). Results: The results of this research are used to define a model of enabling accessibility and to clarify its position in ergonomics. This model highlights a number of determinants of enabling accessibility (e.g. resources conversion factors, factors of choice). This model also describes a number of process which can constraint or hamper activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, a presentation of the model develops in this work is proposed as well as a definition of enabling accessibility. The prospects for research focuses firstly on the research design for enabling accessibility, and secondly, on the long-term effects of enabling accessibility on meta-functional activities.Keywords: enabling accessibility, capability approach, freedom of choice, older people, mobility

Kulturlivet har liksom alla delar av samhället kommit att i allt högre grad legitimeras i ekonomiska termer. Denna utveckling kan beskrivas i termer av en ekonomisering av samhället. Då managementtekniker från New Public Management har dominerat den offentliga förvaltningen sedan 1980-talet har ett samhälle där alla aktiviteter utsätts för konkurrens, kontraktsstyrning och kontroll växt fram. Kulturarbete har i samband med denna samhällsutveckling alltmer börjat organiseras som projekt. I denna studie används idéhistorikern och filosofen Michel Foucaults begreppsvärld för att visa på hur denna ekonomisering och projektifiering kan förstås som en diskurs som formar kulturarbetaren såväl som kulturpolitiken. Med utgångspunkt i att diskurser formar verkligheten undersöks hur projektifieringens diskurs har etablerats på kulturområdet, och hur kulturarbetaren subjektiveras – formar sig – inför denna verklighet. Dessa frågor utforskas genom en analys av kulturpolitiska styrdokument och genom intervjuer med kulturarbetare. Projektifieringens innebörd utforskas genom Foucaults teorier om biopolitik och styrmentalitet som relateras till nyliberalism, New Public Management och ekonomisering. Johanna Oksala och Wendy Browns teorier om nyliberalism, Roland Almqvists och Jan-Erik Lanes beskrivning av New Public Management, samt Johann Packendorffs analys av projektifieringens konsekvenser för individen utgör några av utgångspunkterna för denna diskussion. Studien visar på att projektifieringens diskurs har etablerats på kulturområdet och tre centrala begrepp som formar den har identifierats: flexibilitet, förnyelse och frihet. Analysen visar på att dessa begrepps diskursiva innebörder kan relateras till entreprenörskap, anpassningsbarhet, konkurrens, kreativitet och valfrihet. Vidare visar analysen på att kulturarbetaren subjektiveras av diskursen som ett nyliberalt subjekt: fri att göra val men som därigenom hålls ansvarig för sitt välbefinnande på livets alla områden. Slutligen diskuteras de konsekvenser som en projektifiering av kulturen kan få: ett försvagat offentligt samtal och ett mindre demokratiskt kulturliv. / Like all other parts of society the cultural sector has come to increasingly be legitimized in economic terms. This development can be described in terms of an economization of society. As the management techniques of New Public Management have come to dominate public sector administration since the 1980’s a new type of society has developed where all activities are exposed to competition, contract management and control. In light of this developement, the cultural sector has increasingly begun to organize cultural work in the form of projects. This paper uses the work of philosopher Michel Foucault to illustrate how this economization and projectification can be understood as a discourse which shapes the cultural worker as well as cultural policy. Based on the idea that discourses shape reality this paper examines how the discourse of projectification has been established in the cultural sector, as well as how the cultural worker is constituted as a subject within the discourse. These issues are explored through an analysis of cultural policy documents and through interviews with cultural workers. The implications of the discourse of projectification are studied through Foucault's theory of biopolitics and governmentality in the light of neoliberalism, New Public Management and economization. Johanna Oksala and Wendy Brown's theories of neoliberalism, Roland Almqvist and Jan-Erik Lane's analysis of New Public Management, and Johann Packendorffs analysis of the consequences this projectification has for the individual are starting points for this discussion. The paper shows that the discourse of projectification has been established in the cultural field and three central concepts that form the discourse have been identified: flexibility, innovation and freedom. The analysis shows that discursive meanings of these concepts can be related to concepts of entrepreneurship, adaptability, competition, creativity and freedom of choice. Furthermore the analysis in this paper shows that the cultural worker is subjectivated by the discourse as a neoliberal subject: a subject with an unquestionable ability to make free choices, which means that the individual is responsible for their own wellbeing in all areas of life. Finally, the paper discuss the possible consequences of this projectification of culture: a weakened public dialogue and a less democratic cultural life.