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La protection des secrets commerciaux des entreprises canadiennes : la perspective canadienne sur les secrets commerciaux et les nécessités d’adaptationLeung Lung Yuen, Sabrina 08 1900 (has links)
La protection juridique des idées générées par les entreprises au Canada ne répond que partiellement à leurs besoins et préoccupations. Ces idées qui se traduisent en des informations confidentielles ou des secrets commerciaux représentent une valeur économique considérable et croissante pour de nombreuses entreprises. C’est en l’absence d’une législation uniforme portant sur les secrets commerciaux en droit civil au Québec et en common law dans les autres provinces au Canada que sont créés des défis juridiques pour les entreprises. Une réponse conventionnelle à de tels défis consiste à prôner des réformes statutaires afin de renforcer le droit applicable relativement aux secrets commerciaux et leur protection. C’est précisément la solution qui a été retenue aux États-Unis avec l’adoption de législation portant sur les secrets commerciaux, telles que le Uniform Trade Secrets Act et le Defend Trade Secrets Act. L’entrée en vigueur au Canada de l’Accord Canada-États-Unis-Mexique a donné lieu à l’adoption de nouvelles dispositions criminelles, qui est en soi, une première étape vers la codification plus élargie de la protection juridique des secrets commerciaux.
Ce mémoire porte, dans un premier temps, sur les notions d’informations confidentielles et de secrets commerciaux, ainsi que de l’absence de cohérence sur la nature juridique de ceux-ci. Dans un deuxième temps, ce mémoire traite des régimes de protection juridique des secrets commerciaux au Canada, tant en droit civil qu’en common law. Nous abordons comment le rapport de confiance joue un rôle déterminant sur les obligations de confidentialité à respecter en présence ou en absence d’un contrat. Par la suite, nous analysons les clauses essentielles qu’une entreprise doit prévoir dans un contrat commercial ou de travail ainsi que les mesures pratiques de sauvegarde à implanter pour contrôler la diffusion des informations confidentielles et des secrets commerciaux. / The legal protection of ideas generated by companies in Canada only partially meets their needs and concerns. Such ideas translate into confidential information or trade secrets representing considerable and growing economic value for a great number of companies. It is in the absence of uniform trade secret legislation under civil law in Quebec and common law in other provinces in Canada that legal challenges are created for companies. A conventional response to such challenges is the advocacy of statutory reforms to strengthen the applicable law with respect to trade secrets and of their protection. This is precisely the solution instituted by the United States with the adoption of trade secret legislation per the Uniform Trade Secrets Act and the Defend Trade Secrets Act. The coming into force in Canada of the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement has resulted in the adoption of new criminal provisions, which, is a first step towards the broader codification of the legal protection of trade secrets.
Firstly, this masters’ thesis discusses the concept of confidential information and trade secrets, as well as the lack of consensus as to their legal nature. Secondly, the present thesis deals with the legal protection of trade secrets in Canada, under civil law and common law. We discuss the decisive role that trust occupies in the obligation of confidentiality that is to be respected in presence or absence of a contract. Subsequently, we analyze the essential clauses that a company must include in a commercial or employment agreement along with practical safeguard measures to be implemented to control the dissemination of confidential information and trade secrets.
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The harmonisation of good faith and ubuntu in the South African common law of contractDu Plessis, Hanri Magdalena 12 February 2018 (has links)
The legal historical development of fairness in the South African common law of contract is investigated in the context of the political, social and economic developments of the last four centuries. It emerges that the common law of contract is still dominated by the ideologies of individualism and economic liberalism which were imported from English law during the nineteenth century. Together with the theories of legal positivism and formalism which are closely related to parliamentary sovereignty and the classical rule of law, these ideals were transposed into the common law of contract through the classical model of contract law which emphasises freedom and sanctity of contract and promotes legal certainty. This approach resulted in the negation of the court’s equitable discretion and the limitation of good faith which sustain the social and economic inequalities that were created under colonialism and exacerbated under apartheid rule. In stark contrast, the modern human rights culture grounded in human dignity and aimed at the promotion of substantive equality led to the introduction of modern contract theory in other parts of the world. The introduction of the Constitution as grounded in human dignity and aimed at the achievement of substantive equality has resulted in a sophisticated jurisprudence on human dignity that reflects a harmonisation between its Western conception as based on Kantian dignity and ubuntu which provides an African understanding thereof. In this respect, ubuntu plays an important role in infusing the common law of contract with African values and in promoting substantive equality between contracting parties in line with modern contract theory. It is submitted that this approach to human dignity should result in the development of good faith into a substantive rule of the common law of contract which can be used to set aside an unfair contract term or the unfair enforcement thereof. / Private Law / LL. D.
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Whistle blowing and whistle blower protection in the South African public sectorHoltzhausen, Natasja 30 June 2007 (has links)
The objective of this study was mainly to describe, analyse and evaluate the determinants of the phenomenon of whistle blowing that influences the protection of employees making authorised and/or unauthorised disclosures. It was also a purpose of the study to evaluate the specific role of the Protected Disclosures Act 2000 (Act 26 of 2000) (PDA) in fulfilling its mandate to protect authorised disclosures on wrongdoing in public and private sector organisations.
The PDA seeks to combat crime and corruption through the disclosing of wrongdoing. The intention is to create a culture which will facilitate the disclosure of information by employees relating to criminal and other irregular conduct in the workplace in a responsible manner, by providing comprehensive statutory guidelines through the PDA for the disclosure of such information, and protection against any retaliation as a result of such disclosures.
An important aspect that this study dealt with was the provision, as a prerequisite to the PDA to be implemented successfully, that individual members of the private and public sectors have to act responsibly and in good faith in making disclosures in order to be protected by the PDA.
In order to provide clarity on the conceptualisation of whistle blowing, the study explored the conceptual knowledge of the variables influencing the determinants of whistle blowing and the whistle blower through the application of a literature study of the concept and theories of ethics, values, morals, loyalty, trust and whistle blowing, in order to describe and analyse the variables influencing the whistle blower, the whistle blowing process, the characteristics of whistle blowers and the strategies and procedures employed to blow the whistle in an organisation. The study explored the organisational determinants influencing a whistle blower's decision to blow the whistle in the social context of an organisation in order to determine the influence of organisational culture and organisational trust as internal social factors that may facilitate the effective management of whistle blowing resulting in no whistle blowing taking place.
The study objectives, appropriate conclusions and proposals are addressed based on the role that the PDA, the ethical determinants of the work environment, the determinants influencing the individual whistle blower and the organisational determinants influencing effective whistle blowing, can fulfil, in order to serve as a mechanism to combat corruption. / Public Administration / D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)
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La responsabilité précontractuelle : étude comparative des régimes colombien et français / Pre-contractual liability : study in comparative law between the Colombian and French law systemsMartinez-Cardenas, Betty Mercedes 17 April 2013 (has links)
La responsabilité précontractuelle dérive de la transposition du devoir d'agir de bonne foi qui pèse sur les contractants au stade de l'exécution du contrat à celle de sa formation. En Colombie, cette transposition s'est faite en 1971 par voie législative dans le Code du commerce alors qu‟en France elle s'est produite grâce à la jurisprudence. Toutefois, le caractère répressif de la responsabilité au stade de la formation du contrat est encore conçu, au mieux, comme une simple réminiscence de la responsabilité délictuelle et, au pire, comme une sanction marginale à la responsabilité contractuelle. L'intérêt qui existe dans cette recherche en droit comparé consiste, en effet, à trouver le critère qui donne à la responsabilité précontractuelle son autonomie, sa spécificité. Ainsi, une observation attentive nous a permis de découvrir que ceux qui persistent à nier l‟existence de la responsabilité précontractuelle en la rattachant à la délictuelle se sont penchés sur un critère chronologique emprunté à l'ancienne notion du contrat : le moment de sa conclusion. En effet, d'après eux, l'absence de contrat justifie que l'on applique le principe général de responsabilité délictuelle. Pourtant, la comparaison des régimes colombien et français montre la fragilité de ce raisonnement face aux nombreuses victimes des vices du consentement qui, de plus en plus, préfèrent l'indemnisation du dommage à la nullité du contrat. Une fragilité qui se révèle d‟autant plus évidente face aux dommages-intérêts qui sont accordés par les juges dans des contrats bel et bien formés, mais qui ne correspondent pas aux fautes dans l'exécution des obligations qui en découlent, mais aux fautes au stade de sa formation. En essence, l'identification des points de convergence ou de divergence de ces droits au stade de la formation du contrat, et leur comparaison par rapport aux mutations du régime de la bonne foi semblent, en effet, contribuer au renforcement de la responsabilité précontractuelle en tant qu'institution autonome. / Pre-contractual liability is derived from the transfer of the duty of the contracting parties to act in good faith from the contract performance phase to the contract formation phase. This transfer was carried out in Colombia by legislative action through the 1971 Commerce Code and in France, by jurisprudence. Nevertheless, the repressive nature of liability during contract formation is still interpreted as simply a reminiscence of delictual liability, at best, and as a marginal sanction for contractual liability, at worst. The goal of this study in comparative law is to find a criterion that confers autonomy and specificity to pre-contractual liability. Therefore, careful analysis by the author led to the discovery that those who insist on denying the existence of pre-contractual liability by linking it to delictual liability have based their argument on a chronological perspective taken from the old notion of contract, i.e., the time of execution. Furthermore, in their view, the absence of a contract justifies the application of the non-contractual liability regime. However, a comparison of the Colombian and French systems on this matter shows the fragility of the argument when faced with the large number of victims of defects of consent who, day after day, prefer indemnification of damages instead of a ruling of nullity of contract. This fragility is much more evident when judges order the indemnification of damages in well-formed contracts, due not to faults related to failure to meet any of the obligations that are derived from them, but to faults originating in the contract formation phase. In essence, finding common ground and discrepancies between the Colombian and French law systems regarding the contract formation phase and comparing them with the mutations of the good faith regime seem to actually contribute to consolidating pre-contractual liability as an autonomous institution.
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O princípio da segurança negocial no direito societárioBushatsky, Daniel 09 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / This doctoral thesis presents the principle of negotiating security, relating it to corporate law. For such, the principles of rules are differentiated, exposing the basic principles of corporate law, emphasizing that it is due to private autonomy that the partners subject themselves to the will of the majority in corporate resolutions, just as decisions made should follow the interests of the corporation. After this, the principle of negotiating security was conceptualized, which is sustained over 4 (four) pillars: objective good faith (loyalty), confidence theory, principle of correction (inspired by the Italian law) and private autonomy. It was asserted that loyalty, reliability, correction and subjective and objective autonomy jointly studied provide the base value for the interpretation of the Law and Legal Affairs, bringing security to corporate relations, within the legal framework of trade, creating the standard of behavior expected from all those involved in trade. By combining the principle of negotiating security with the principle of corporate preservation, it can be demonstrated how conflicts of interest involving the company, partners and administrators should be resolved. Following, first an overview of business risk and the multiple facets of justice, then a review on the legal protection of private investment, arriving at the conclusion that it must comply with its corporate function, in order to expose the main aspects of the business corporation. In order to prove the understanding, doctrinal passages were presented, recent decisions of the Brazilian courts on corporate law were analyzed, as well as how theoretical examples were used as illustration. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the principle of negotiating security must be applied in corporate law, protecting society, partners, administrators, and, thus, helping both the economic and the social development / Na presente tese de doutorado apresenta-se o princípio da segurança negocial relacionando-o com o direito societário. Para tanto, diferenciam-se os princípios das regras, expondo, depois, os princípios basilares do direito societário, destacando que é graças à autonomia privada que os sócios se sujeitam à vontade da maioria nas deliberações sociais, assim como as tomadas de decisões devem seguir o interesse da sociedade. Após, conceituou-se o princípio da segurança negocial sustentando-o em 4 (quatro) pilares: boa-fé objetiva (lealdade), teoria da confiança, princípio da correção (inspirado no direito italiano) e autonomia privada. Asseverou-se que lealdade, confiança, correção e a autonomia subjetiva e objetiva estudadas conjuntamente trazem o valor base para a interpretação da Lei e dos negócios jurídicos, trazendo segurança às relações sociais, dentro do regime jurídico comercial, criando o padrão de comportamento esperado de todos os envolvidos no comércio. Conjugando o princípio da segurança negocial com o princípio da preservação da empresa, demonstrou-se como os conflitos de interesses envolvendo sociedade, sócios e administradores devem ser resolvidos. Seguiu-se, primeiro com uma visão geral sobre o risco empresarial e as múltiplas facetas sobre justiça, depois realizando uma crítica sobre a proteção jurídica ao investimento privado, concluindo que este deve cumprir sua função social, para assim expor os principais aspectos da sociedade empresária. Para provar o entendimento, trouxeram-se passagens doutrinárias, analisaram-se recentes decisões dos tribunais brasileiros sobre direito societário assim como se utilizaram exemplos teóricos como ilustração. Por fim, ressaltamos que o princípio da segurança negocial deve ser aplicado no direito societário, protegendo sociedade, sócios, administradores, e, ajudando, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento econômico e social
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Impactos das cláusulas gerais sobre o regime jurídico societário brasileiro: boa fé e função social no contrato de sociedadeHeinemann Filho, André Nicolau 07 May 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-07 / This dissertation deals with the impact of general clauses on the Company Law organization in Welfare State, with emphasis to the social function and good faith, analyzing them from the Federal Constitution of 1988 by a semi-open system of Private Law, with the consequent examination of the statics and dynamics of the standardized pattern related to legal institutes which regulate contracts Brazilian companies contracts / Esta dissertação versa sobre o impacto das cláusulas gerais sobre o regime jurídico societário no direito pátrio, com ênfase para a função social e boa-fé, analisando-as a partir da opção da Constituição Federal de 1988 por um sistema semi-aberto de Direito Privado, com o conseqüente exame da estática e dinâmica daquele padrão normativo afeto aos institutos jurídicos regulamentadores dos contratos de sociedades brasileiras
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RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL PRÉ-CONTRATUAL ADMISSIBILIDADE E APLICABILIDADE NO DIREITO BRASILEIROOliveira, Marcos José de 15 March 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-15 / This work is linked to the Graduate Program in Law, International Relations and
Development, the Catholic University of Goiás - PUC / GO, and examines the
applicability and admissibility of liability under Brazilian law. It starts with the
hypothesis that the liability, permeating social and legal relations have the power to
give legal support for the accountability of the agent that causes harm to others who
are both situated in the run up to the contract. The interpretation of the law, the
doctrinal approach now is part of the challenge that this research has provided us
with. There is no legal provision in the civil order that expressly deals with defining,
sanctioning and regulating the conduct of those who manage harm to others, even
when not required to hire. The admissibility of pre-contractual liability was discussed
from the viewpoint of general rules that guide and systematize liability under Brazilian
law, precisely because of the absence of explicit rule. As for its applicability that was
seen through the prism of the general theory of liability, focusing on their
assumptions of admissibility. It was developed following an investigation of the
general theory of contracts, with his new principles, as well as the theory of liability,
its assumptions and exclusive liability, and finally, the proper analysis of the research
object which is linked to civil liability pre-contract. The interpretation of the Civil Code
in addition to the assumptions led to a general analysis of abuse of rights, with the
vision of the limits imposed by the standard through the prism economic, social, good
faith and the morals. Good faith has received particular attention for his role in the
foundation of this research, with analysis of their functions, and species
characteristics. The present work is focused toward the pre-contractual civil liability,
but dedicate two items at the end, to analyze the pre-contractual liability in consumer
relations and labor relations. The methodology used to demonstrate the hypothesis
of the study was performed using the deductive method of research literature, using
the existing theories and doctrines. In the literature we attempted to support the legal
dogmatics, always supported by the Brazilian Civil Code, the Code of Consumer
Protection, the CLT and the Constitution. / Este trabalho vincula-se ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Relações
Internacionais e Desenvolvimento, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás
PUC/GO, e analisa a aplicabilidade e admissibilidade da responsabilidade civil no
direito brasileiro. Parte-se da hipótese de que a responsabilidade civil, permeando as
relações sociais e jurídicas teria o condão de dar o suporte legal para a
responsabilização do agente que cause danos a outrem, estando ambos situados na
fase que antecede a celebração do contrato. A interpretação da legislação, com o
enfoque doutrinário atual é parte do desafio que a presente pesquisa nos facultou.
Não há dispositivo legal no ordenamento civil que, de forma expressa trate de
definir, sancionar e normatizar a conduta de quem gere danos a outrem, mesmo
quando não está obrigado a contratar. A admissibilidade da responsabilidade civil
pré-contratual foi analisada sob a ótica das regras gerais que orientam e
sistematizam a responsabilidade civil no direito brasileiro, justamente pela ausência
de regra expressa. Quanto à sua aplicabilidade esta foi vista pelo prisma da teoria
geral da responsabilidade civil, com enfoque nos seus pressupostos de
admissibilidade. Foi desenvolvida uma averiguação da teoria geral dos contratos,
com sua nova principiologia, bem como da teoria da responsabilidade civil, seus
pressupostos e excludentes de responsabilidade civil, e por fim, a devida análise do
objeto da pesquisa que se vincula à responsabilidade civil pré-contratual. A
interpretação do Código Civil nos levou a somar aos pressupostos gerais a análise
do abuso do direito, com a visão dos limites impostos pela norma sob o prisma
econômico, social, pela boa-fé e pelos bons costumes. A boa-fé recebeu uma
atenção especial por seu papel relevante na fundamentação da presente pesquisa,
com a análise de suas funções, espécies e características. O presente trabalho tem
seu foco voltado para a responsabilidade pré-contratual civil, mas dedicamos dois
itens, ao final, para analisar a responsabilidade pré-contratual nas relações de
consumo e nas relações de trabalho. A metodologia utilizada para demonstrar as
hipóteses do trabalho foi realizada através do método de pesquisa dedutivobibliográfico,
utilizando as doutrinas e teorias já existentes. Além da pesquisa
bibliográfica buscou-se apoio na dogmática jurídica, com sustentação no Código
Civil Brasileiro, no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, na CLT e na Constituição
Federal.
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Direito à informação e ao consumo sustentável / Right to information and to sustainable consumptionPfeiffer, Maria da Conceição Maranhão 30 May 2011 (has links)
As informações acerca da performance e impacto socioambientais do fornecedor e do produto são necessárias para o exercício do consumo de forma sustentável. O conhecimento dos impactos socioambientais advindos da produção, uso e pós-consumo é requisito para a livre escolha dos consumidores por produtos que apresentem impactos socioambientais positivos em qualquer dessas fases de seu ciclo de vida. Um dos instrumentos para o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável é possibilitar o consumo de produtos que utilizem menos recursos finitos da natureza e que tragam melhorias sociais como suas consequências. No Brasil, o fundamento para a inclusão dos dados socioambientais do produto nas informações veiculadas ao consumidor está presente no ordenamento jurídico, na garantia de acesso à informação e no direito à preservação do meio ambiente, ambos inseridos no rol dos direitos constitucionais fundamentais, ao lado do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, bem como em preceitos do Código de Defesa do Consumidor e da legislação ambiental. A função social da empresa decorrente do princípio constitucional da função social da propriedade também justifica o dever de veiculação dos dados referentes ao impacto socioambiental de seus produtos e acerca do comportamento socioambiental da empresa. A veiculação desses dados beneficia a concorrência, acarretando o aperfeiçoamento dos próprios meios de produção para atrair os consumidores que optam por produtos sustentáveis. Os deveres de clareza e veracidade, decorrentes do princípio da boa-fé objetiva previstos no CC e CDC, necessitam ser observados na veiculação dessas informações para evitar a maquiagem socioambiental, que é a divulgação da falsa imagem de preocupação socioambiental ao produto. A essencialidade ou utilidade das informações é o parâmetro para sua veiculação sob o risco de ocorrer seu excesso, que impede a correta compreensão de todos os dados apresentados. Até os riscos de impactos socioambientais ainda não comprovados cabem ser informados em atenção ao princípio da precaução. O repasse dessas informações pode e deve ocorrer por todos os meios de comunicação utilizados para a divulgação dos produtos, ressaltando-se o papel da rotulagem. / The information concerning the social-environmental impact of the product and the of the producers performance are necessary for the exercise of the sustainable consumption. The knowledge of the social-environmental impacts of the life cycle impact of the product is a requisite for the free choice of the consumers for products that present positive social-environmental impacts in any of these phases of its cycle of life. One of the instruments for the reach of the sustainable development is to make possible the consumption of products that use less finite resources of the nature and that they bring social improvements as its consequences. In Brazil, is possible to conclude that the legal system establishes the inclusion of the social-environmental data of the product in the information propagated to the consumer. Brazilian Constitution imposes the guarantee of access to the information, the consumer protection and the right of the preservation of the environment, as well as the dignity of the person human being. The social function of the companies, based in the constitutional principle of the social function of the property also justifies the duty of propagation of the referring data to the social-environmental impact of its products and concerning the social-environmental behavior of the company. In the legislative basis, there are strong rules concerning information in the Code of Defense of the Consumer and the environmental legislation. The propagation of these data benefits to the competition, creating incentives to the companies improving the means of production to attract the consumers that opt to sustainable products. The duties of clarity and veracity, attached with the good-faith principle established by Civil Code and Consumer Defense Code, need to be observed in the propagation of this information to prevent the greenwashing, that it is the propagation of the false image of social-environmental concern to the product. The essentiality or utility of the information is the parameter for its propagation under the risk to occur its excess, which hinders the correct understanding of all the presented data. Until the risks of social-environmental impacts not yet proven, they fit to be informed in attention to the Precautionary Principle. The view of this information can and must occur by all means of communication used for the spreading of the products, standing out itself the paper of the labeling.
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A liberdade de expressão nas redes sociais: direito de crítica do empregado x imagem e honra do empregador / Freedom of expression on social networks: right to criticism of the employee versus image and honor of the employerMello, Cristiane Maria Freitas de 12 August 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-12 / This study aims to investigate the freedom of expression of the employee on social networks, focusing on the right to criticism and its impact on the employment contract, notably with reference to the image of the employer, because there is no law that concerns this complex discussion. The deductive method was used, and by reason of incipient discussion about the topic in Brazil, the foreign doctrine and jurisprudence has been studied with use of the comparative method. By reason of multiple laws of several derivations, this study extended to other areas of legal sciences as Constitutional, Civil and Labor law, aiming to show the connection between freedom of expression, Democratic State, as a finalistic political formula, and human dignity. Adopting this interdisciplinary perspective, it can be shown how natural persons and business' entities are bound to constitutional laws that define rights and guarantees, and can yield the assertion of the labor rights claims that are nonspecific in the company scope. Since the worker, in his special situation of subordination, has several duties that impose restrictions on his freedom of expression, the obligations of fidelity and loyalty were also studied. By reason of absence of primacy among rights to honor and image, and right of freedom of expression. It was deduced that the need for implementing the method of weighing between the principles of the factual case and preserving the essential core principle that does not prevail, even in social networks. Therefore, the reasonable exercise of the right of criticism in social networks without abuse and without the use of excessive and insulting terms is, in principle, given the importance of freedom of expression in a democratic state. This right however, does not protect either crimes of libel, defamation and slander, or the criticisms aiming to disseminate strategic information, by instances from the organization structure, methods of production or sensitive data of the company / O presente estudo busca investigar a liberdade de expressão do empregado nas redes sociais, mormente o direito de crítica e sua repercussão no contrato de trabalho, especialmente quanto à imagem do empregador, pois não existe no ordenamento jurídico pátrio qualquer normativo que verse sobre essa complexa discussão. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método dedutivo e, em razão do incipiente debate no Brasil acerca do tema, o método comparativo, com verificação da questão na doutrina e jurisprudência estrangeira. Em razão da pluralidade de normas de diversas derivações, a pesquisa se estendeu por outras áreas das ciências jurídicas, como Direito Constitucional, Civil e Trabalhista, visando evidenciar a conexão entre a liberdade de expressão, o Estado Democrático de Direito, enquanto fórmula política de caráter finalístico, e a dignidade da pessoa humana, para assim concluir pela vinculação dos particulares às normas constitucionais definidoras de direitos e garantias e pela afirmação dos direitos inespecíficos trabalhistas no âmbito da empresa. Como o trabalhador, na sua especial situação de subordinação, está sujeito a uma série de deveres que supõem restrições ao exercício de sua liberdade de expressão, foram estudadas as fronteiras do direito de crítica, com aprofundamento nos deveres de boa-fé e, consequentemente, de lealdade e fidelidade. Em razão da ausência de primazia dos direitos à honra e à imagem sobre o direito de liberdade de expressão, porque são igualmente tutelados pelo texto constitucional, deduziu-se pela necessidade de aplicação do método de ponderação entre os princípios no caso concreto de colisão, com a preservação do núcleo essencial do princípio não prevalente, ainda que no âmbito das redes sociais. Logo, o exercício razoável, ou seja, sem abusos, sem a utilização de termos excessivos e insultuosos, do direito de crítica nas redes sociais é, em princípio, pleno, dada a importância da liberdade de expressão no Estado democrático. Tal direito, contudo, não protege os crimes de injúria, difamação e calúnia, nem as críticas tendentes a divulgar informações sobre a organização e os métodos de produção da empresa ou dados sigilosos
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O contrato de incorporação imobiliáriaMoraes, Maraisa Cristina de 19 April 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-19 / The present paper aims to explore two frequent types of real-estate incorporation contracts: the purchase and sale of the unit as a future thing and the pact subject to chattel mortgage. To study the archetypes of these contracts with their vicissitudes and purposes associated with the Consumer Protection Law System analysis is the goal of this study, in order to present the structural characteristics and the way that these laws have been receipted and applied in different real estate business. After that, we ll start with what we see as the most important part of this paper: the nowadays issues in material relations between the contracting parties and the solutions that starts to be spreaded by individual judicial decisions related with the delay on delivering the final product or delay the mismatch between the final product and the contracted one, bringing light to a lot of different situations that demand higher attention from development companies / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar dois tipos de contratos de incorporação imobiliária frequentes: a promessa de compra e venda de unidade como coisa futura e pacto adjeto de alienação fiduciária. Estudar esses arquétipos de contratos, com suas vicissitudes e finalidades, associado ao microssistema do Código de Defesa do Consumidor constitui o propósito deste trabalho, que também se desdobrará apresentando as características presentes na sua estrutura, o modo como vem sendo recepcionado e aplicado nos diferentes negócios imobiliários. A partir daí, chegarmos ao momento culminante que abordará os problemas atuais enfrentados nas relações materiais entre as partes contratantes e as soluções que começam a ser propagadas pelas normas jurídicas individuais criadas em decisões judiciais no que se refere ao atraso na entrega da obra e na parte relativa a entrega de um imóvel diverso do pactuado contratualmente, sinalizando o início de uma epopeia de múltiplas e reflexivas situações a exigir uma máxima atenção especialmente das empresas incorporadoras
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