Seit dem Artikel des Geisteswissenschaftlers Roland Reuß „Open Access: Eine heimliche technokratische Machtergreifung“ und dem Heidelberger Appell im März 2009 entstand eine heftige Debatte um Open Access und die Publikationsfreiheit. Der folgende Vortrag gibt eine kurze Einführung in Google Books und das Google Book Settlement, den Reaktionen der VG Wort und dem Aktionsbündnis für „Urheberrecht in Bildung und Wissenschaft“ sowie dem Open-Access-Prinzip. Anhand von Befürworterstimmen des Heidelberger Appells aus der Presse werden die dortigen Kernaussagen „Open Access sei kostenlos“, „Open Access sei von schlechter Qualität“ und „Open Access würde die Autor/innen ihrer Urheberrechte berauben“ diskutiert und die Undifferenziertheit dieser Aussagen aufgezeigt.

Seit dem Artikel des Geisteswissenschaftlers Roland Reuß „Open Access: Eine heimliche technokratische Machtergreifung“ und dem Heidelberger Appell im März 2009 entstand eine heftige Debatte um Open Access und die Publikationsfreiheit. Der folgende Vortrag gibt eine kurze Einführung in Google Books und das Google Book Settlement, den Reaktionen der VG Wort und dem Aktionsbündnis für „Urheberrecht in Bildung und Wissenschaft“ sowie dem Open-Access-Prinzip. Anhand von Befürworterstimmen des Heidelberger Appells aus der Presse werden die dortigen Kernaussagen „Open Access sei kostenlos“, „Open Access sei von schlechter Qualität“ und „Open Access würde die Autor/innen ihrer Urheberrechte berauben“ diskutiert und die Undifferenziertheit dieser Aussagen aufgezeigt.

<p>I all teori om sökmotorsoptimering finns det många olika tankar om hur man ska sökmotorsoptimera. De flesta berättar mest om den tekniska biten och har endast som en kort punkt förklarat att innehållet på en webbplats också är viktigt. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka webbföretags förhållningssätt till både hur de arbetar och resonerar kring sökmotorsoptimering och webbstatistik, men även gå djupare in på hur förhållandet mellan kund och företag påverkar vart marknaden är på väg. Genom att utföra kvalitativa intervjuer med webbföretag där främst marknaden för sökmotorsoptimering, sponsrade länkar och webbstatistik diskuterats har ett resultat utformats.</p><p>Baserat på de senaste artiklarna, respondenternas svar och mina egna personliga reflektioner av situationen, visar det att det blivit en förskjutning i vad definitionen av sökmotorsoptimering är. Den tekniska biten är kvar men inte alls lika viktig längre då sökmotorerna hela tiden ändrar sina algoritmer och blir smartare, utan fokus läggs istället mer på innehållet. Ett rikt innehåll med bra skriven text samt ett intressant video- eller bildmaterial är mycket viktigare än att ändra på småsaker i strukturen av webbplatsen. Sökmarknaden idag ser annorlunda ut mot bara några år sedan. Det innebär att sökmotorsoptimering inte enbart handlar om att förbättra den egna hemsidan, utan även innefattar all marknadsföring på webben.</p> / <p>In all theory about Search Engine Optimization there are lots of different ideas on how to optimize search engines. Much of the theory concerns the technical aspects and only offers a short explanation on the importance of the actual content of the website. In this essay I will examine how web companies think and act around search engine optimization and web statistics, but also go deeper into how the relationship between customer and company affects where the market is heading. By doing qualitative interviews with web companies where the subject search engine optimization, paid ads and web statistics were discussed, a result has been formed.</p><p>Based on the latest articles, the answers from the respondents and my own personal reflections of the situation, there are clear signs that the definition of Search Engine Optimization has changed. The technical aspect is still there, but with less importance since the search engines keeps changing the algorithms in order to become smarter. Instead the focus is on the content. Rich content, good written text, interesting videos and images has a larger impact than changing the little things in the structure of a website.</p><p>The search market looks different today than it did a few years ago. The term Search Engine Optimization has changed its meaning into something more than just improving your own homepage. Now it also includes all the marketing your company does outside of the web.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 enemari.pdf: 1310619 bytes, checksum: 832ac63405a62294ca9798b2664b49ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work researched High School adolescents of a Public School and specially about how they understand their sex education process as a subsidy to an independent sex education proposal. It was supported by theoretical references and was accomplished the "state of art", going through some paths to build the social-historical and cultural processes of sexuality and their reflections on the young people sex education, nowadays "so called" adolescents and their educational sources as expressions of sex education. Follow these paths was essential in order to get a world's comprehension and the social-historical relationships in a dialectic; dynamic and alive way to understand the construction process of sex education from a young to an adolescent person. The method that has been chosen to guide this work was the dialectic one. Aiming to search answers to the central question of this work we made interviews in a phenomenological type with ten adolescents from 15 to 20 years old (five females and five males) from the first to the third year of High School. These collected details were evaluated by Content's Analysis so some unique and great result has become evident: the redescovering of himself as a sexual human being through dialogue relationships with the Other in the world, interchanging different dimensions: the sex education in a family dialogue (parents, mother and grandparents, father); sex education in the dialogue with friends; with teachers at school and with the Information and Comunication Technologies; the searching motor Google like a new encyclopedia and the "critical dealing with the Television world" as a way to grow up. At the end all researched contributions stay recorded pointing to some educational directions to get an intentional emancipatory sex education. These suggestions are very important to give some bases for the intentional current projects of sex education in the formal brazilian education systems / A pesquisa investigou adolescentes de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio sobre como compreendem seus processos de educação sexual como subsídio a uma proposta de educação sexual emancipatória. Com subsídios de cúmplices teóricos, realizou-se o estado da arte , percorrendo alguns caminhos sobre os processos da construção sócio-histórico-cultural da sexualidade e seus reflexos na educação sexual dos jovens e dos chamados adolescentes hoje e suas vertentes pedagógicas como expressões da educação sexual. Percorrer tais caminhos foi essencial para buscar uma compreensão de mundo e das relações sócio-históricas, de forma dialética, dinâmica e viva para entender a trajetória de construção do processo de educação sexual do jovem ao adolescente. Como método, escolheu-se o dialético, mais apropriado para nortear o trabalho. Na busca de respostas à questão central deste trabalho, foram realizadas entrevistas de cunho fenomenológico com dez adolescentes entre 15 e 20 anos de idade (cinco do sexo feminino e cinco do sexo masculino), da 1ª à 3ª série do Ensino Médio. Os dados coletados foram interpretados segundo a Análise de Conteúdo, quando ficou evidente uma única e grande essência: a re-descoberta de Si como ser humano sexuado nas relações dialógicas com o Outro no mundo, entrelaçada com as dimensões: educação sexual no diálogo com a família (pais, mãe, avó, pai); educação sexual no diálogo com amigos; educação sexual no diálogo com os educadores na escola; educação sexual no diálogo com as Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC): o motor de busca GOOGLE, como nova enciclopédia e a negociação crítica com o meio televisivo , como caminho de crescimento. Por último, ficam registradas as contribuições dos pesquisados, que apontam alguns caminhos pedagógicos para uma proposta intencional de educação sexual emancipatória. Tais sugestões são fundamentais para embasar projetos intencionais atuais de educação sexual nos sistemas formais de ensino brasileiros

Automatic translations, or machine translations, get more and more advanced and common. This paper aims to examine how well Google Traduction works for translating an ideological text. To what extent can a computer program interpret such a text, and render the meaning of complex thoughts and ideas into another language ? In order to study this, UNESCOS World Report Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue has been translated from french to swedish, first automatically and then manually. Focusing on denotations, connotations, grammar and style, the two versions have been analysed and compared. The conclusion drawn is that while Google Traduction impresses by its speed and possibilites, editing the automatically translated text in order to correctly transmit the mening and the message of the text to the target language reader, would probably be a more time-consuming process than writing a direct translation manually.

Cette recherche porte sur les manières dont les entités dominantes du web fabriquent le visible. Pour ce faire, la thèse examine les liens entre les aspirations utopiques de Google, Facebook et de la vision artificielle, les algorithmes spécifiques qu’ils développent, la relation qu’ils entretiennent avec les images, principalement photographiques, et leurs façons de moduler les visibilités. Afin de mener l’enquête sur les modalités de production, de présentation et d’acquisition du savoir visuel dans le web, l’approche théorique et méthodologique employée s’inspire de la sociologie de l’acteur-réseau, de l’étude féministe des sciences et inscrit des œuvres d’art dans le rôle d’analyseurs. L’œuvre hypermédiatique Image Atlas (2012) de Taryn Simon et Aaron Swartz installe l’examen de Google et de Google Images qui reconduisent les aspirations à l’accès universel, tandis que les captures d’écran de la série street view (2009) de Michael Wolf sont l’occasion de poursuivre l’étude de cette fonction photographique de Google Maps. L’exposition « After Faceb00k: Okanagan Valley » (2014) est le point de départ de l’examen de l’utopie facebookienne de la communauté planétaire. Le dépliage des éléments de l’œuvre vidéo The Future is Here! (2019) de Mimi Ọnụọha pose ensuite les éléments nécessaires à l’analyse du développement de l’apprentissage machine de la vision et des aspirations à l’automatisation radicale que ces programmes intensifient. Diverses modalités du visible sont ainsi mises au jour : la pertinence, l’autorité et la localisation, les affinités et le partage, la reconnaissance et la prédiction sont autant de stratégies par lesquelles Google, Facebook et la vision artificielle fabriquent le visible pour le rendre opérationnel plutôt que représentationnel. La thèse vient ainsi révéler, en suivant les œuvres, l’opérationnalisation de la photographie, en tant qu’objet et que notion, dans l’établissement et le maintien d’un capitalisme cognitif parasitaire produit par les assemblages sociotechniques à l’étude. / This research addresses on the ways in which internet's dominant entities fabricate the visible. To do so, the thesis focuses on the links between the utopian aspirations of Google, Facebook and computer vision, the specific algorithms they develop, the relationship they have with images – mainly photographic – and how they modulate visibilities. To investigate the modalities of production, presentation and acquisition of visual knowledge online, the theoretical and methodological approach used is inspired by the actor-network sociology, the feminist study of science, and inscribes artworks in the role of analyzers. Taryn Simon and Aaron Swartz's hypermedia work Image Atlas (2012) installs the examination of Google and Google Images that re-conduce aspirations for universal access. The screenshots from Michael Wolf's street view series (2009) are an opportunity to further investigate this Google Maps' photographic function. "After Faceb00k: Okanagan Valley" (2014) is the starting point for the examination of Facebook’s utopia of the global community. The unfolding of elements from Mimi Ọnụọha's video The Future is Here! (2019) then lays the groundwork necessary to analyze the development of machine learning of vision and the aspirations for radical automation intensified by these programs. Various modalities of the visible are thus uncovered: relevance, authority and localization, affinity and sharing, recognition and prediction. These are all strategies by which Google, Facebook and computer vision manufacture the visible to make it operational rather than representational. Following the artworks, the thesis thus comes to reveal the operationalization of photography, as an object and as a notion, in the establishment and maintaining of a parasitic cognitive capitalism produced by the sociotechnical assemblages under study.

<p>Att marknadsföra sig på internet via sökmotorer har ökat explosionsartat under det senaste decenniet men är ännu ett relativt nytt och outforskat område inom marknadsföringslitteratur. Trenden pekar på fortsätt ökning i framtiden men exakt vad annonsörer uppskattar mest med denna typ av marknadsföring har ej varit kartlagt. Syftet med denna uppsats var således att identifiera vilka fördelar och nackdelar existerande och potentiella annonsörer till Google i Sverige finner i sökordsmarknadsföring, samt att analysera och rangordna vilka av fördelarna de anser viktigast. Bisyftet var att kartlägga vilka av dessa egenskaper Google kommunicerar om annonseringsprogrammet Google AdWords för att kunna analysera förhållandet mellan vad som kommuniceras och vad som efterfrågas.</p><p>Teorier kring internetannonsering, marknadsföring online samt fördelar och nackdelar med sökordsmarknadsföring låg till grund för utformning av fyra fördelsdimensioner, nämligen: Målgrupp, Mätbarhet, Kostnadskontroll samt Tid & Flexibilitet. Kvalitativa intervjuer med tre Google-anställda och en representant från mediamarknaden, samt en webbenkät med 224 AdWords-användare blev utgångspunkten för det empiriska materialet.</p><p>Vid studien framkom att det råder en övergripande överensstämmelse mellan vad som framställs som fördelar med sökordsmarknadsföring i teori och praktik. Utefter omarbetning av fördelsdimensionernas namn kom dessa att kallas, och rangordnas utifrån enkätens resultat, som följer; 1. Relevansmatchning, 2. Kostnadseffektivitet och kontroll, 3. Resultat- och effektmätning, 4. Flexibilitet.</p><p>Det fastslogs även att för att förbättra Google’s kommunikation om AdWords bör de bättre trycka på de fördelar att annonsörerna kan nå rätt kunder i rätt ögonblick, att mätbarheten är mycket exakt samt möjligheten till kostnadskontroll och att sätta maxbudget. De bör även framhålla det faktum att sökordsmarknadsföring både kan ge ökad trafik till hemsidan och öka försäljning men även stärka företags varumärken.</p>

<p>Examensarbetet Seostik, sökmotorstatistik som säljstöd, genomfördes, på uppdrag av ClearSense AB i Kalmar. Syftet var att utveckla en webbapplikation som ska underlätta försäljningen av webbtjänster åt företaget. ClearSense arbetar huvudsakligen med sökmotoroptimering och sökmarknadsföring.</p><p>Sökmotoroptimering som är ett hett ämne tilldelas mycket resurser men få talar om den verkliga effekt som optimeringen har på en webbplats. Med det utvecklade verktyget Seostik gör vi det möjligt att se effekterna av sökmotoroptimering både på lång och kort sikt.</p><p>Applikationen har utvecklats enligt MVC-mönstret i PHP med en MySQL-databas. Verktyget behandlar även teknikerna JavaScript, XHTML och XML.</p><p>Projektet har resulterat i en färdig webbapplikation som förhoppningsvis kommer att bli en viktig del i ClearSense dagliga arbete och utveckling av webbtjänster.</p>

3 pp. / Pedometers are small devices worn at the hip to count the number of steps walked per day. Pedometers gained popularity as a tool for motivating and monitoring physical activity. The purpose of the publication was to provide basic mechanisms and functions of pedometers. Additionally, we provided information of new technology (cell phone and Google Maps) that are emerging as a tool for motivating physical activity.

本研究旨在從著作權法探討國外大學圖書館參與GBS計畫之動機、內涵與著作權法問題，藉以瞭解數位圖書館相關的數位著作權法；並以深度訪談方式探究我國學術圖書館對GBS計畫之意義與價值，以及合理性與問題。本研究以文獻分析瞭解相關數位著作權議題，從個案研究中瞭解國外大學圖書館的觀點與做法，最後以深度訪談瞭解我國學術圖書館對其看法與意願。 本研究結論可歸納以下：(1)數位圖書館計畫相關之著作權主要在於有無授權、重製、公開傳輸與合理使用的議題上；(2)英美圖書館參與GBS計畫具有相當理由與動機；(3)英美圖書館參與GBS計畫採取全部、部分混合與無著作權模式；(4)英美圖書館考量著作權，而採取合理使用限制措施；(5)英美圖書館參與GBS計畫有制定其數位化程序與責任；(6)國外作者與出版社對於GBS計畫所侵犯的權利為重製、散布與展示；(7)我國學術圖書館對於參與GBS計畫看法兩極；(8)我國學術圖書館參與GBS計畫擔憂涉及著作權問題；(9)我國圖書館認為參與GBS計畫部分合法性不足；(10)我國學術圖書館對參與GBS計畫傾向採取無著作權保護之著作模式。 最後建議為：(1)政府宜制訂法定數位送存制度；(2)大學或圖書館應設置有關著作權管理權責中心以利處理智慧財產權問題；(3)Google應強化安全保護措施機制與保證，以維護其形象；(4)Google應積極與作家與出版社協商對談以及取得授權來降低爭議；(5)對著作權權利人之建議應勇於嘗試新的商業模式。 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons that why foreign university libraries join the Google Book Search Library Project and copyright issues, so that conclude the issues related digital copyright law in digital library. Furthermore, the study used interviews for investigating the meaning, value, and legitimate issues of GBS Library Project from the viewpoint of academic libraries in Taiwan. According to the literature review, the study clarified digital copyright issues. In addition, the study obtained the views of foreign university libraries toward GBS Library Project by case studies. Finally, the study used interviews to understand the opinions of GBS Library Project from academic libraries in Taiwan. The results of the study are summarized below: (1)The key copyright issues that related to related to Digital Library Project are copyright authorization, reproduction, the fair use, and the right to public transmission. (2)There are legitimacies and motivations for UK and USA libraries participate in GBS Library Project. (3)There are three models that adopted by UK and USA libraries for participating in GBS: all collection or part of collection and no copyright works to scan. (4)Considering copyright issues, UK and USA libraries take reasonable measures to restrict the use of digital copies. (5)UK and USA libraries contract with Google for its procedures and responsibility. (6)Foreign authors and publishers consider that GBS is accused of violating for their rights of the reproduce, distribute and display. (7)The academic libraries in Taiwan have bipolar view for joining GBS. (8)The academic libraries in Taiwan worry about copyright issues for joining GBS. (9)The academic libraries in Taiwan consider that the GBS project is lack of legitimacy to join it. (10)If the academic libraries in Taiwan join the GBS project, they would be inclined to put in out-of-copyright works. Based on the final results of this study, several suggestions are as follow：(1)Government should establish a legal policy of digital deposit, (2)University or library should set up a copyright management center which has right and responsibility to deal with intellectual property rights issues; (3)Google should strengthen safety measures and guarantee mechanisms to protect it’s image. (4)In order to reduce the controversy, Google should consult with the authors and publishers actively to obtain authorization (5)The copyright owners should be willing to try a new business model.