Bakgrund: De vanor som främst påverkar hälsan negativt är en eller fler av följande; ohälsosamma kostvanor, otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet, daglig tobaksrökning, samt riskbruk av alkohol. Distriktssköterskor har inom primärvården uppgiften att stödja och motivera patienter med ohälsosamma levnadsvanor till en förändring. Syfte: Att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av hälsofrämjande arbete med patienter som har ohälsosamma levnadsvanor. Metod: Kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade individuella intervjuer genomfördes med åtta distriktssköterskor. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Resultat: I dataanalysen identifierades två huvudkategorier, i första kategorin, att ha möjlighet till tid och resurser är av betydelse för det hälsofrämjande arbetet framkommer det att tillräckligt med tid, resurser och stöd från ledningen är en förutsättning för att genomföra ett bra arbete samt att det finns behov av mer kunskap i samtalsmetodik. Den andra kategorin, att utgå från ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt i det hälsofrämjande samtalet innefattar vikten av att utgå från patientens förutsättningar och skapa förtroende, personcentrerad vård, hantering av svåra samtal, motiverade eller omotiverade patienter samt att det är betydelsefullt med uppföljande samtal. Slutsats: I det hälsofrämjande arbetet är det viktigt att utgå från patientens förutsättningar och behov för att lättare få till förändring gällande ohälsosamma levnadsvanor. / Background: Habits that mostly have a negative effect on health are one or more of the following: unhealthy diets, insufficient physical activity, daily tobacco smoking, and the risk use of alcohol. In primary care, the district nurse has the task of supporting and motivating patients with unhealthy lifestyles to change. Aim: To describe the district nurse's experience in health promotion work with patients who have unhealthy lifestyles. Method: Qualitative study with inductive approach. Semi Structured individual interviews were conducted with eight district nurses. The collected material was analyzed using a content analysis. Result: The data analysis identified two main categories, in the first category, to have possibility for time and resources is relevant to the health promotion work, it is revealed that sufficient time, resources and management support is a prerequisite for carrying out a good job and that there is a need for more knowledge in conversational methodology. The second category, based on a person-centered approach in the health-promoting conversation, includes the importance of work based on person-centered care and creating trust, handling difficult conversations, motivated or unmotivated patients and that follow-up calls are significant. Conclusion: In the health promotion work, it is important to start from the patient's conditions and needs to make it easier to change regarding unhealthy lifestyles.

This thesis deals with the theme of possibilities to develop communication skills of health social workers in Prague hospitals. The aim of the study is to find out what are the possibilities of education available for health social workers in hospitals. It also discuss whether health social workers are actively interested in the development of their communication skills and what resources are used most often. The thesis describes the basic concepts and the competence of health social worker. Next part is about education and laws which oblige to lifelong learning. The thesis also focuses on self-reflection and supervision from the perspective of other sources of education - self-knowledge. Practical part of the thesis deals with the research between health social workers in Prague hospitals. The aim of the research is to find out, whether these workers are actively educated in communication skills. The paper includes analysis and interpretation of results, discussion and conclusion of whole thesis. Keywords Communication, social work, health social work, conversation, education, self-reflection, supervision.

The diploma thesis is focused on the main activities of the social workers at the hospitals in Prague, the regional hospitals, and one former district hospital. Within the theoretical section of the abstract there are clearly defined fundamental concepts of social work in health care and its historical transformation. The chapters consist of four sections: ethics code, the quality of social work at the hospital, valid legislation, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration within the hospital. The theoretical part focuses on job description, competencies, skills or personality characteristics of the social worker in the hospital. The last section describes social work in the hospitals by different target groups with whom the social workers can come into contact. The empirical part of this diploma thesis is acquired by the semistructured interviews. The main research question tries to find out the role of the social worker at the hospital. The research targets three surveyed areas: The first examines the qualification skills of the social worker at the hospital. The second refers to the job description of the social worker at the hospital's core business activities. The last part of the research is dedicated to interdisciplinary collaboration among hospital staff. The discussion consists of compared...

The diploma thesis deals with preparation and implementation of an OHS audit in the industrial enterprise. In the theoretical part, contemporary trends in OHS are described and then attention is kept to the occupational safety, including injury rate in Czech republic and new requirements for occupational health and safety management system according to standard ČSN ISO 45001:2018. In the practical part, company FORTEX – AGS, a.s. is introduced, especially department of transport and mechanization, where was safety audit executed. Then there is assessed occupational health and safety management systém introduced, first by analyzing this system and then by internal audit OHS, in which were requirements new standard ČSN ISO 45001:2018 accounted. At the last part, recommendations are proposed to improvement of occupational health and safety management system and obtaining certificate ČSN ISO 45001:2018.

The aim of this diploma thesis is a basic overview of system safety audit in the industrial enterprises with the application and evaluation of methodology of self audit in an industrial enterprises processed according to the Self-Audit Handbook for SMEs designed for small to medium-sized enterprises and to recommend measures to improve the occupational safety and health system.

Collaboration between different professions within the school is important for promoting students' health and knowledge goals. Research in the school area shows both promoting and hindering factors for interprofessional teams to work with health promotion and prevention work. It appears that collaboration between school social workers and other professionals is influenced by different knowledge backgrounds and approaches to definitions as well as solutions to problems, which have an impact on the collaboration work. The purpose of this study was to examine, from the perspective of school social workers, what the collaboration process within compulsory school looks like and how different professional perspectives emerge between school staff. Furthermore, we wanted to know what the collaboration process means for the school curative work. This study has been based on a qualitative method where seven semi-structured interviews with school social workers in two medium-sized municipalities have been conducted. The result shows that collaboration varies between different schools and professions. Conditions and obstacles can be related to both organizational conditions, professional similarities and differences as well as individual factors. Collaboration is important for the school social worker’s professional role, just as the school social worker’s room for maneuver is important for working to promote health and prevention and for taking a holistic perspective.

El presente trabajo consiste en un plan de negocios para la comercialización de un aplicativo móvil de entrenamiento en realidad aumentada para Prevención de Riesgos a través de los Smartphones y iPhone en la ciudad de Lima. La validación de la propuesta se obtuvo en base a entrevistas a líderes de opinión y encuestas a los colaboradores que oscilan entre los 18 y 60 años, además, se realizó el análisis de la segmentación del mercado donde se logró determinar cuántas empresas se pueden beneficiar con el APP. Por consiguiente, se realizó la segmentación y la delimitación del mercado objetivo. Por ello, se determinó que el mercado objetivo es el sector industrial con el segmento empresarial Gran y Mediana empresa que representa el 0.99% del total de empresas de Lima Metropolitana. Se ha decidido captar al 2.33% del total de empresas industriales identificadas. Con relación a las estrategias de marketing, cabe señalar que el canal de distribución será directo, a través de vendedores propios y también por canales digitales. Con esta propuesta, se espera que el APP de entrenamiento en realidad aumentada para Prevención de Riesgos en un mediano plazo se convierta en líder del mercado de capacitaciones en RA con alto manejo de flexibilidad en el tiempo y eficiencia. Para el inicio del proyecto se requiere una inversión inicial de S/.63,936.00, con préstamo bancario de 70% y un aporte de capital de 30%. Se estima obtener un VAN de s/. 750, 111 con valor de TIR de 50%. / This paper is a business plan for the marketing of a mobile application for augmented reality training in risk prevention through smartphones in the city of Lima. The proposal was validated by interviews to opinion leaders and surveys to people aged 18 to 60 years. In addition, a market segmentation analysis was performed to determine how many companies could benefit from the app. Through market segmentation and definition, it was determined that the target market is large and medium-sized enterprises of the industrial sector, which represent 0.99% of the total number in Lima Metropolitan Area. It was decided to target 2.33% of the enterprises identified. As regards marketing strategies, the distribution channel will be direct, through sellers and digital channels. With this proposal, the app for augmented reality training in risk prevention is expected to become a market leader in AR training in the medium term, offering high time flexibility and efficiency. To execute the Project, an initial investment of PEN 63,936.00 is required, which will be obtained through bank loan (70%) and capital contribution (30%). It is estimated to achieve a NPV of PEN 750,111 with an IRR of 50%. / Trabajo de investigación

Bakgrund: Svårläkta bensår kan orsakas av en rad olika diagnoser. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll vid behandling av bensår, för optimal behandling behöver hela patientens situation beaktas. Tidigare forskning visar att patienter med svårläkta bensårs livskvalitet är påverkad genom nedsatt rörlighet, smärta, klåda, lukt, sömnrubbningar och social isolering. För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna förbättra hälsorelaterad livskvalité (HRQOL) hos patienter med bensår måste kunskap om vad som påverkar detta skapas. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa skillnader i hälsorelaterad livskvalité med avseende på olika diagnosgrupper vid svårläkta bensår. Metod: En kvantitativ design har använts i studien som genomfördes med hälso-och livsstilsenkäten RAND36. Enkäterna fördes in i programmet SPSS och vid den statistiska analysen användes Kruskal-Wallis test och Chi-Square test för få fram signifikansvärden. Resultat: Mellan diagnosgrupperna fanns en signifikant skillnad inom domänerna fysisk funktion och generell hälsa och en påvisad signifikant skillnad mellan diagnosgrupperna och rörelseförmåga. Diskussion och konklusion: HRQOL var påverkat hos patienter med bensår inom domänerna fysisk funktion och generell hälsa och det behövs utvecklas metoder för att identifiera och förbättra HRQOL i omhändertagande av patienter med bensår. För att följa omvårdnadsresultat som är hälsofrämjande för patienten med bensår bör vårdresultat och hälsoeffekter mätas. / Background: Chronic leg ulcer may be caused by a variety of diagnoses, often interacted by several factors. The nurse has an important role in the treatment of leg ulcers, for optimal treatment you have to take the whole situation into account. Previous research shows that patients with chronic leg ulcers health related quality of life (HRQOL) is affected by reduced mobility, pain, itching, odor, sleep disorders and social isolation. To improve HRQOL for patients with leg ulcers the nurse need more knowledge about what causes it. Aim: To illustrate the differences in HRQOL with regard to different diagnostic groups for chronic leg ulcers. Method: A quantitative design has been used in the study and was performed with the health-related quality of life survey RAND36. The questionnaires were entered in program SPSS and in the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test where used for obtaining significant values. Results: Between diagnostic groups is a significant difference in the domains of physical functioning and general health and a demonstrated significant differences between diagnostic groups and mobility. Discussion and conclusion: HRQOL was affected in patients with leg ulcers in the domains of physical functioning and general health. It is a need to develop methods for identifying and improving HRQOL in the care of patients with leg ulcers. To follow the care results that are improving health for patients with leg ulcers should care and health outcomes measured.

Bakgrund: Det är väl känt att fysisk aktivitet har positiva effekter på människans mentala hälsa. Hälsofrämjande arbete kan med fördel påbörjas i den psykiatriska heldygnsvården. Samtidigt är motivationsbrist vanligt förekommande för personer med psykisk ohälsa och då behövs stöd och motivation för att öka patientens möjligheter att främja sin hälsa. Således har sjuksköterskan inom psykiatrisk vård en viktig roll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att främja fysisk aktivitet inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie användes som metod. Det insamlade materialet utgår från åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskor som var yrkesverksamma inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård i Region Skåne. Efter transkribering analyserades intervjuerna med manifest innehållsanalys enligt Burnard (1996). Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tre kategorier enligt följande: Inverkan på patientens återhämtning, Sjuksköterskans behov för att arbeta med fysisk aktivitet och Organisatoriska hinder. Slutsats: Studien visar att främjandet av fysisk aktivitet inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård kan bidra till återhämtning för patienter men möjligheten att arbeta med fysisk aktivitet var begränsad för sjuksköterskor. Studien pekar på vikten av att arbetet med fysisk aktivitet implementeras från organisationen. Stöd från organisationen skulle kunna bidra till att sjuksköterskan får en tydligare roll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet med fysisk aktivitet inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård. / Background: It is well known that physical activity has positive effects on a person’s mental health. Health promotion work can advantageously start in at the psychiatric ward. At the same time, a lack of motivation is common for people with mental illness, and support and motivation are then beneficial to promote their health through physical activity. Thus, the nurse in psychiatric care has an important role in the health promotion work. Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate nurses’ experiences of promoting physical activity in psychiatric inpatient care. Method: A qualitative interview study was used as a method. The collected material was based on eight semi-structured interviews with nurses working at psychiatric wards in Skåne county. After transcription, the interviews were analysed using manifest content analysis according to Burnard (1996). Result: The results were presented in three categories as follows: Impact on the patient’s recovery, The nurse’s need to work with physical activity and Organizational barriers. Conclusion: The study shows that the promotion of physical activity in psychiatric wards can contributing to recovery for patients but the opportunity to work with physical activity is limited. The study indicates that there is a need for promotion of physical activity from the organization. Organizational support could contribute to strengthen the nurse’s role in their work of promoting physical activity within psychiatric inpatient care.

Bakgrund: Psykiska ohälsa hos barn och ungdomar är ett växande dilemma i samhället. Genom hälsofrämjande insatser i tidig ålder hos barn kan psykisk ohälsa förebyggas. Skolsköterskor har en viktig roll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet i samverkan med elevhälsans övriga professioner. Syfte: Belysa skolsköterskors upplevelser av arbetet inom skolhälsovård med barns psykiska ohälsa i grundskolan. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats har använts i studien. Åtta sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom skolhälsovården i Västra Götalandsregionen intervjuades med semistrukturerade frågor. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: Tillgänglighet, Hälsofrämjande arbete och Samverkan som är viktiga delar i det främjande arbetet med eleverna. Det finns önskemål om att utveckla screeningsverktyg för att identifiera psykisk ohälsa tidigt. Diskussion: Skolsköterskans tillgänglighet, hälsofrämjande arbete och samverkan med andra aktörer på skolan har en betydande roll och genom ett tvärprofessionellt samarbete kan hållbar elevhälsa uppnås. Studiens resultat kan bidra till framtida forskning för att förbättra skolhälsovården i grundskolan. / Background: Mental illness in children and young people is a growing dilemma in the society. Through health-promoting efforts at an early age in children, mental illness can be prevented. School nurses have an important role in the health promotion work in collaboration with the other professions of student health. Purpose: Elucidate school nurses' experiences of working in school health care with children´s mental illness in elementary school. Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach has been used in the study. Eight nurses who work in school health care in the Västra Götaland region were interviewed with semi-structured questions. Results: In the result, three categories emerged: Accessibility, Health promotion work and Collaboration which are important parts of the promotion work with the students. There are requests to develop screening tools to identify mental illness early. Discussion: The school nurse's accessibility, health promotion work and collaboration with other actors at the school have a significant role and through interprofessional collaboration, sustainable student health can be achieved. The study´s results can contribute to future research to improve school health care in primary school.