Our interests and self-efficacy affects which paths we end up on in life, not the least career wise. Earlier studies have shown a difference of interest and self-efficay beliefs between women and men. The exhibition ”Jobblabb” aims to delimit these differences and help children to openly think about their interest and future occupations. The aim of this study is to investigate: firstly, if there is adifference between girls and boys in the sample of 11-year olds. Secondly, if the exhibition affects the way the students perceive their interests and self-efficacy within different activities. The method used for this analysis is a survey (called ICA-3) which is based on Hollands RIASEC types. The result showed no significant difference between the groups that had and had not visited the exhibition. However, there was a significant difference based on gender in the sample. Boys rated their interest and self-efficacy higher in realistic-activities than girls and girls rated their interest and self-efficacy higher in artistic-activities than boys, these results are in line with previous research. Lastly the study contributes suggestions for efficient career-counselling activities.

Reklamfilmer berör konsumenter på olika sätt. De kan informera, irritera och rörakonsumenten till tårar. Denna studie undersöker hur fyra emotionella reklamfilmer frånGoogle, Nike, Ikea och Ica påverkar konsumenter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka huremotionell marknadsföring kan se ut, hur konsumenters bild av ett företag kan påverkas avemotionell marknadsföring i videoformat samt vad som kan påverka konsumenter när de serpå reklamfilmer. Syftet besvaras med hjälp av teorier inom marknadsföring, semiotiskinnehållsanalys, storytelling, retorik och musik.Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och undersökningen har genomförts genom åttasemistrukturerade intervjuer fördelade på två grupper, konsumenter i åldrarna 20—30 årrespektive 55—65 år. En inledande studie i form av en fokusgruppsintervju låg till grund förundersökningen. Analyser av reklamfilmerna samt den tematiska analysen avintervjumaterialet visar att olika reklamfilmer påverkar konsumenter på olika sätt. Delsmåste konsumentens bild av företaget stämma överens med dess tolkning av reklamfilmensbudskap, dels måste konsumenten ha ett grundläggande förtroende för företaget. Faktorersom relaterbarhet, musikens roll i reklamfilmen samt konsumentens generella syn på reklampåverkar också hur konsumenten uppfattar reklamfilmerna. Studien visar attkonsumenterna antingen accepterar eller avvisar reklamfilmens budskap baserat på dessafaktorer. / tears. This study examines how four emotional TV commercials from the companies Google,Nike, Ikea and Ica affects consumers. The purpose of this study is to examine what emotionalmarketing may look like, how consumers’ image of a company may be affected by emotionalvideo marketing, as well as what conditions may affect a consumer watching a TVcommercial. The purpose is answered through theories of marketing, semiotic contentanalysis, storytelling, rhetorics and music.This study employed a qualitative research approach and the study was conducted througheight semi-structured interviews of two groups of consumers, consumers aged 20—30 yearsand 55—65 years respectively. A preliminary study consisting of a focus group interview wasconducted preceding the study. Analyses of the commercials and the thematic analysis of theinterviews show that different commercials may affect consumers differently. The consumers’image of the company must correlate with their interpretation of the commercial message,and the consumer must have a fundamental trust in the company. Factors such asrelatability, the role of music in the commercial, as well as consumers’ general view ofcommercials also affect how they perceive the commercials. The study shows that consumerseither accept or reject the commercial message based on these factors.

Idag finns det begränsade teorier som behandlar det postmoderna konsumtionssamhället utifrån ett medie- och kommunikationsvetenskaligt perspektiv. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka spänningsfältet mellan ICA och högskolestudenter i ett konsumtionssamhälle genom att granska varumärkeskommunikationens betydelse på digitala plattformar. Materialinsamlingen är genomförd i form av kvalitativa intervjuer, med medarbetare på ICA, samt fokusgrupper med studenter. Med studien vill vi ge en inblick i hur kommunikationsprocesser strategiskt utformas för att nå rätt målgrupp, hur relationer vårdas och vad en god dialog innebär och har för framtida betydelser. Studien har analyserat det spänningsfält som ligger i grund till valet av konsumtion gällande matvaruhandel som högskolestudent. Studiens slutsatser visar på att det är en rad olika faktorer som är bidragande till att bygga upp en stark relation med ett företag. / Today there is limited theories considering reasearch on the postmodern consumtion society from a media and communication perspective. The purpose with this thesis is to investigate the tension between ICA and Univeristy students in a consumption society through analysis brandbuilding communications meaning on digital platforms. The material to the thesis is collected by qualitative interviews, both with employees at ICA and focus groups with university students. With this thesis we want to give an insight of how communication processes strategically is designed to reach their target group, how relationships are nurtured and what a good dialogue means for future brand building. The study has analyzed the tension of what includes the choice of consumption when it comes to retail business from university students perspective. The conclusions indicate how there are a number of factors that are contributing to build a strong relationship with an organization.

<p><strong><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if and how the presence of Fairtrade promotion can change the attitude towards the stores, ICA and Lidl. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Background: People‟s attitude towards the brand Fairtrade is predominantly positive and by providing these socially beneficial products, stores wish to strengthen their brand image by communicating their social responsibility through the message of Fairtrade. Previous research has shown that the socially responsible actions of a company can result in an enhanced brand attitude, but also in some cases, the actions taken have had a diminished effect on the attitude towards a brand. It is therefore of interest to research which stores that can gain from Fairtrade promotions in terms of an improved attitude towards the brand. </strong></p><p><strong><strong>Method: To answer the purpose, a mixed method sequential explanatory design was applied, by collecting quantitative data from an experiment, and qualitative data from a follow-up interview. The emphasis was put on the quantitative phase, where four different experimental groups were manipulated with different internet advertisement; ICA and Lidl, with the presence and absence of Fairtrade promotion. </strong></strong></p><p><strong><strong><strong>Conclusion: The outcome of the study signified that the attitude towards Lidl was somewhat negative with the absence of Fairtrade and declined with the presence of Fairtrade promotion while the attitude towards ICA did not change regardless of promotion. The results indicate that Fairtrade can not be successfully used as a system of changing brand attitude of a store, if customers do not consider it to be congruent with the initial brand image. It is supported that consistency is the key to success for a brand to be believable and enhance the brand attitude. </strong></strong></strong></p></strong></p>

Las palabras calidad y evaluación constituyen actualmente dos conceptos verdaderamente importantes para las organizaciones modernas, las cuales cada vez más los integran a su filosofía de trabajo. El presente trabajo de investigación, se basa en la autoevaluación de la organización académica de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional “San Luís Gonzaga” de Ica, investigación de tipo descriptivo, evaluativo. Se utilizó como instrumento la encuesta, que se aplicó a 58 docentes y 387 alumnos; la calificación de la observación directa de los documentos y la posterior asignación de los puntajes para la autoevaluación, se hizo en base a la Guía de Evaluación y Calificación propuesta por la autora de la tesis, llegando a las siguientes conclusiones: El currículo, el sistema de evaluación general; los recursos humanos; la calidad de la investigación, la infraestructura de la organización académica de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional “San Luís Gonzaga “de ICA; son Buenos (57.54) medido mediante un proceso de autoevaluación. Se concluye que el promedio porcentual, que se considera para ambos grupos es BUENO (57.54), que coincide con la Hipótesis del estudio que consideraba que : “El nivel de Organización Académica de la Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad Nacional “San Luis Gonzaga” de Ica. 2003-2004, medido mediante un proceso de autoevaluación, es bueno”. -- Palabras claves: Autoevaluación, Organización Académica. / --- Nowadays the words quality and assessment are two very important concepts in modern organizations, which use them more and more to its work philosophy. The present research study is based on the academic organization of the Faculty of Nursing self-assessment at San Luis Gonzaga National University. This is a descriptive assessment research type. A survey applied to 58 professors and 387 students was used as the instrument. Direct observation qualification of documents and the subsequent awarding of points based on the Assessment and Qualification Guide were proposed by the author of this thesis for the program self assessment to accreditation. The following conclusions were reached: The curricula, The General Assessemnt System, Human Resources, the Quality of the Research and the Academic Organization Infrastructure of the Faculty of Nursing at San Luis Gonzaga National University of ICA are good (57.54) after a self-assessment. In conclusion, the percentual average considered for both groups has good (57.54), coinciding with the hypothesis of study which considers that “The academic organization of the Faculty of Nursing at San Luis Gonzaga National University 2003-2004,measured through a self assessment process is good.” -- KEY WORDS: SELF-ASSESSMENT, ACADEMIC ORGANIZATION.

La presente investigación tiene el propósito de analizar los factores que influyen en las exportaciones de uva fresca de las Pymes en la Región Ica, como una alternativa que permita ayudar a las Pymes no exportadoras a buscar estos factores tanto internos como externos y que tienen variables que se relacionan y pueden ser fundamentales al momento de la internacionalización de una Pyme y así incrementar los volúmenes de exportación. La importancia de esta investigación radica en contribuir a que las Pymes puedan aumentar sus exportaciones e ingresos anuales, además, se tiene como finalidad de poder demostrar que existe potencial en los cuatro factores expuestos y que se desarrollan para tener un mayor alcance de cómo influyen en la exportación de las Pymes. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizó una encuesta con escala de Likert a una muestra de 50 Pymes exportadoras ubicadas en la Región Ica con la finalidad de tener mayor conocimiento y poder analizar los resultados mediante el método cuantitativo del coeficiente de Spearman. / This research is intended to analyze the factors influencing the exports of fresh grapes from SMEs (Small and Medium Business) in the Ica Region, as an alternative to help non-exporting SMEs to look for these internal and external factors and that have variables that are related and can be fundamental at the moment of the internationalization of a SME and thus increase the volumes of the export. The main aspects of this research lies in helping SMEs increase their exports and annual income. In addition, it objectives to demonstrate that there is potential in the four factors that are available to have a greater scope. The export of SMEs. The importance of this research lies in helping SMEs increase their exports and annual income, in addition, it aims to demonstrate that there is potential in the four factors that are available to have a greater scope in the export of SMEs. For the development of the research, a survey with a Likert scale was conducted to a sample of 50 exporting SMEs located in the Ica Region in order to have a greater knowledge and to analyze the results by means of the quantitative Spearman coefficient. / Tesis

Bakgrund: Kranskärlssjukdom (CAD) är en hjärtsjukdom som kan diagnostiseras med icke-invasiva metoder, såsom myocardial perfusion imaging med single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), och genom invasiva metoder, såsom invasiv koronarangiografi (ICA). ICA är den golden standardmetod för att diagnostisera CAD. Men å andra sidan är ICA mer kostsam än SPECT och kan orsaka många komplikationer. Metoder och resultat: det är en retrospektiv kohortstudie. Studien analyserade 62 patienter som har genomgått både SPECT och ICA under 2018 vid Universitetssjukhuset Örebro (USÖ). Av dessa 62 utförde 56 patienter SPECT först. Analyseringen gjordes för att undersöka hur väl resultatet av ICA-sjukdomsdetektering och lokalisering kunde bestämmas av SPECT. Aktiv CAD definierades som närvaron av en behandling-krävande signifikant stenos vid ICA. SPECT-resultaten visade att 91% av fallen var patologiska och 9% var icke-patologiska. Sensitivitet, specificitet och noggrannhet för SPECT för detektering av aktiv CAD var 89%, 7% respektive 47% vid referens till ICA. Medan positiva prediktiva värden (PV +) och negativa prediktiva värden (PV-) var 48% respektive 40%. SPECT sensitivitet för lokalisering av defekter i referens till ICA var 35% för LAD-defekter, 68% för LCX-defekter och 92% för RCA-defekter. Slutsats: Resultatet skilde sig från den ursprungliga hypotesen. SPECT anses fortfarande vara effektiv för att identifiera patienter med aktiv CAD. Därför kan SPECT användas som initial undersökningsmetod för utvärdering av CAD hos patienter med låg till måttlig risk. SPECT var inte optimalt för att lokalisera defekterna.

Que ce soit à des fins de contrôle qualité ou de veille concurentielle, la déformulation (action d'identifier et de quantifier les constituants d'un produit) représente aujourd'hui un véritable challenge analytique dans de nombreux domaines industriels tels que les cosmétiques, la santé, les matériaux... Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéressés aux mélanges complexes que sont les produits détergents tels que les lessives qui représentent un marché en constante croissance et en perpétuelle évolution. Dans ce secteur, en effet, les réglementations sont de plus en plus drastiques et les consommateurs plus exigeants ce qui entraine le développement de nouveaux produits plus respectueux de l'environnement et de la santé intégrant des tensioactifs bio-sourcés et des enzymes. Les lessives pouvant contenir jusqu'à 25 composés différents, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'analyse de leurs composés majoritaires que sont les tensioactifs et les enzymes. Après avoir élaboré une échantillothèque exhaustive de ces produits, la RMN du proton et la spectrométrie Raman ont été utilisées pour identifier et quantifier les tensioactifs et la spectrométrie de masse des rapports isotopiques (IRMS) pour l'évaluation de leur origine bio-sourcée. Les résultats obtenus ont montré l'intérêt du couplage de la spectroscopie Raman avec des méthodes chimiométriques d'extraction du signal comme l'ICA et la MCR-ALS pour identifier et quantifier les tensioactifs. L'IRMS a permis d'identifier les tensioactifs d'origine bio-sourcée ainsi que le type de plantes (C3 ou C4) utilisé comme matière première pour leur synthèse. Les enzymes utilisées dans la formulation d'une lessive commerciale ont pu être identifiées et quantifiées grâce à l'association d'une méthode de précipitation des protéines avec une analyse par LC-MS/MS. Ces développements analytiques contribuent à la mise en place d'une méthodologie de la déformulation des produits détergents / Deformulation of complex mixtures requires analytical methods for compound identification and quantification. It still represents a real analytical challenge in various industrial fields, such as cosmetics, health, food, materials. In this context, we studied complex mixtures such as detergents and especially, laundry detergents, that represent a constantly growing market. Regulations becoming stricter and consumers requiring more eco-friendly products, manufacturers constantly innove detergent formulations by using bio-based surfactants or enzymes. Laundry detergents containing up to 25 compounds, we focused on the analysis of their major components, i.e. surfactants and enzymes. After developing a comprehensive sample library of such raw materials, 1H NMR and Raman spectrometry were used for surfactant identification and quantification while Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) was tested to evaluate their bio-sourced origin. Raman spectrometry combined with chemometric tools such as signal extraction methods was useful for surfactant identification and quantification. Enzymes were identified and quantified using protein precipitation before analyses by LCMS/ MS. All these analytical developments contribute to the establishment of a deformulation strategy for detergent products

This thesis has evaluated the use of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) on Surface Electromyography (sEMG), focusing on the biosignal applications. This research has identified and addressed the following four issues related to the use of ICA for biosignals: • The iterative nature of ICA • The order and magnitude ambiguity problems of ICA • Estimation of number of sources based on dependency and independency nature of the signals • Source separation for non-quadratic ICA (undercomplete and overcomplete) This research first establishes the applicability of ICA for sEMG and also identifies the shortcomings related to order and magnitude ambiguity. It has then developed, a mitigation strategy for these issues by using a single unmixing matrix and neural network weight matrix corresponding to the specific user. The research reports experimental verification of the technique and also the investigation of the impact of inter-subject and inter-experimental variations. The results demonstrate that while using sEMG without separation gives only 60% accuracy, and sEMG separated using traditional ICA gives an accuracy of 65%, this approach gives an accuracy of 99% for the same experimental data. Besides the marked improvement in accuracy, the other advantages of such a system are that it is suitable for real time operations and is easy to train by a lay user. The second part of this thesis reports research conducted to evaluate the use of ICA for the separation of bioelectric signals when the number of active sources may not be known. The work proposes the use of value of the determinant of the Global matrix generated using sparse sub band ICA for identifying the number of active sources. The results indicate that the technique is successful in identifying the number of active muscles for complex hand gestures. The results support the applications such as human computer interface. This thesis has also developed a method of determining the number of independent sources in a given mixture and has also demonstrated that using this information, it is possible to separate the signals in an undercomplete situation and reduce the redundancy in the data using standard ICA methods. The experimental verification has demonstrated that the quality of separation using this method is better than other techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and selective PCA. This has number of applications such as audio separation and sensor networks.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if and how the presence of Fairtrade promotion can change the attitude towards the stores, ICA and Lidl. Background: People‟s attitude towards the brand Fairtrade is predominantly positive and by providing these socially beneficial products, stores wish to strengthen their brand image by communicating their social responsibility through the message of Fairtrade. Previous research has shown that the socially responsible actions of a company can result in an enhanced brand attitude, but also in some cases, the actions taken have had a diminished effect on the attitude towards a brand. It is therefore of interest to research which stores that can gain from Fairtrade promotions in terms of an improved attitude towards the brand. Method: To answer the purpose, a mixed method sequential explanatory design was applied, by collecting quantitative data from an experiment, and qualitative data from a follow-up interview. The emphasis was put on the quantitative phase, where four different experimental groups were manipulated with different internet advertisement; ICA and Lidl, with the presence and absence of Fairtrade promotion. Conclusion: The outcome of the study signified that the attitude towards Lidl was somewhat negative with the absence of Fairtrade and declined with the presence of Fairtrade promotion while the attitude towards ICA did not change regardless of promotion. The results indicate that Fairtrade can not be successfully used as a system of changing brand attitude of a store, if customers do not consider it to be congruent with the initial brand image. It is supported that consistency is the key to success for a brand to be believable and enhance the brand attitude.