This thesis studies the transfer of disability targets in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to the local level in Sweden and how this implementation contributes to the Agenda’s result on a global scale. In the summary of its final official report to the Swedish Government (SOU 2019:13), the Swedish Delegation for the 2030 Agenda states that the expression ‘sustainable development’ is applied in Sweden in two ways: while it is used witha focus on its environmental dimension, there is another, broader definition that also encompasses its social and economic dimensions. In its own terms, the Delegation consistently adheres to the broader definition, in accordance with the meaning of the 2030 Agenda (SOU 2019:13, p. 27). Rather than concentrating on the more amply researched and documented environmental dimension, this thesis highlights a social and economic dimension of the Agenda’s local implementation, bearing in mind the Agenda’s pledge that no one willbe left behind. It examines how those among the 169 targets dealing with the interests of people with disabilities are transposed down to the local level and implemented. The conclusion points at the fact that, although all goals seem understood as indivisible at each level, results may uncover a big difference in how they are implemented and/or measured inpractice, at each of the political-administrative levels involved, which makes it difficult to produce data on quantifiable progress on a specific target.

Issu de la pratique, le phénomène des montages contractuels est devenu une réalité quotidienne de la vie des affaires, des relations de travail, voire du droit économique. La question se pose alors de sa réception par le droit positif. Absent du vocabulaire juridique, le montage est un concept à définir. D'un point de vue théorique, il représente une articulation d'un ensemble d'actes ou d'opérations en vue d'une finalité propre. Cependant, il est loin de refléter une réalité uniforme. En droit privé, comme en droit public, il est une dialectique entre la norme et la pratique, voire entre la complexité et la complication, puisqu'il déroge au schéma classique du contrat simple, ce qui soulève la question de son insertion dans l'ordre contractuel. D'un point de vue pratique, il représente un phénomène pluridisciplinaire et diversifié qui ne saurait être dissocié des impératifs économiques. Une analyse des aspects financiers et fiscaux permet une meilleure compréhension de son caractère transversal. Mais, comme toute ingénierie, la jurisprudence et le législateur tendent à l'appréhender. Dans les montage mettant en présence des problématiques croisées de droit public et privé, la mise en place des solutions contractuelles relatives au financement privé d'équipements publics,telles que les formules de partenariat public-privé de prestations (CP, BEA, AOT), les délégations de service public (concessions, régie intéressée, affermage) ou encore les concessions de travaux, est indispensable. De même, en matière de promotion immobilière, ces solutions doivent permettre une externalisation de la maîtrise d'ouvrage technique des opérations de construction (VEFA, lease-back, contrats de promotion immobilière). / Stemming from the practice,the phenomenon of the contractual editings became a daily reality of business'life, labor relations, and even economic law. The question settles then of its reception by positive law. Absent in the legal vocabulary, the editing is a concept to be defined. From a theoretical point of view, it represents an articulation of a set of acts or operations with the aim of an appropriate purpose. However, it's far from reflecting a uniform reality. In private law, as in public law, it's a dialectic between standard and practice, even between the complexity and the complication because it departs from the classic contract's plan, what raises the question of its insertion in the contractual order. From a practical point of view,it appears as a multidisciplinary and diversified phenomenon which couldn't be separated from the economic imperatives.An analysis of the various financial and fiscal aspects allows a better understanding of its transverse character. As any engineering, the jurisprudence and the legislator try to get grips with. For the editings putting in the presence of the crossed problems of public and private law, the implementation of the contractual solutions relative to the financing deprived of public equipments such as the formulae of Public Private Partnership of services (CP, GAPED, essential AOT ), works contracts (interested state control, lease), is essential. Also, regarding real-estate development, these solutions have to allow an outsourcing of the technical project ownership of the construction's operations (VEFA, lease-back, contracts of real-estate development..).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Gomes Bonfim Dias.pdf: 1124341 bytes, checksum: 0597660771a7d49eec9ad282d8b45412 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-20 / This work aims to understand how to configure the theme of indivision on the thought of Maurice Merleau-ponty (1908 - 1961). The term indivision appears in philosophical sense, between 1958 and 1960, taught courses at the Collège of France, such as joint ownership body and worldly, that is, from my body with me, of my body with the world and of the bodies among themselves. Merleau-Ponty asserts that we are indivisibility . As the term body refers to the perceptual experience body that the subject has of himself, of the things, of the world and of the other, this indivision and it, too, an experience, an experience of indivision, such as express our title. The indivision descends from the husserlian intentionality, it refers to the mode of being of consciousness as consciousness of something. Merleau-ponty combines this theme to the Lebenswelt (world of life) husserlian and establishes their reflections on the horizon of an intentionality operant, a way to be original that works from the inside, which allows for the existence of intercorporeality and interworld. This way of being original identifies himself to what we call from experience of indivision. It is this over the course of three reflections developed by the philosopher, namely the perceptual experience body, the expression and the reflection on the flesh. In the first, the body phenomenal provides at the philosopher thinking a kind of unity that exists for himself to himself (the subject as the body) and in communion with the world, with things and with the other - a way of indivision founded on corporeality. In the second reflection, thinking about the meaning of the expression, from the perspective of the experience of the speaking subject makes it possible to understand the operation of expression the operationality a point or moment of indivision. The spousal of the language by speaking subject indicates a layer of indivision woven of yarns diacritics and a crossroads between the elements that make up this layer. In the third reflection, the flesh shows the same nature of the experience of indivision as indivisibility. There are carnal indivisibility between the "I" and the "world" (I and things, between myself and the other). The flesh, as a element and dimensionality that make up the indivision, it is a way of being that is being carried out by the agency of its own operation, enabling the identity, the difference and as well as the links between all the fleshs / Este trabalho pretende compreender como se configura o tema da indivisão no pensamento de Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908 1961). O termo indivisão aparece em sentido filosófico, entre 1958 e 1960, nos cursos ministrados no Collège de France, como indivisão corporal e mundana, isto é, do meu corpo comigo, do meu corpo com o mundo e dos corpos entre si. Merleau-Ponty afirma que nós somos uma indivisibilidade. Como o termo corpo refere-se à experiência perceptiva corporal que o sujeito tem de si mesmo, das coisas, do mundo e do outro, essa indivisão é ela, também, uma experiência, uma experiência da indivisão, como expressão nosso título. A indivisão descende da intencionalidade husserliana, aquela referente ao modo de ser da consciência como consciência de algo. Merleau-Ponty alia essa temática à Lebenswelt (mundo da vida) husserliana e estabelece suas reflexões no horizonte de uma intencionalidade operante, um modo de ser original que trabalha desde o interior, a qual viabiliza a existência da intercorporeidade e do intermundo. Esse modo de ser original identifica-se ao que chamamos de experiência da indivisão. Ela está presente ao longo de três reflexões desenvolvidas pelo filósofo, a saber, a experiência perceptiva corporal, a expressão e a reflexão acerca da carne. Na primeira, o corpo fenomenal propicia ao filósofo pensar um tipo de unidade existente de si a si (o sujeito como corpo) e de comunhão com o mundo, com as coisas e com os outros um modo de indivisão fundado na corporeidade. Na terceira reflexão, pensar o sentido da expressão, sob a ótica da experiência do sujeito falante torna possível entender a operação de expressão a operacionalidade como ponto ou momento da indivisão. O esposamento da língua pelo sujeito falante indica uma camada de indivisão tecida de fios diacríticos e de um entrecruzamento entre os elementos que compõem essa camada. Na terceira reflexão, a carne mostra a natureza mesma da experiência de indivisão como indivisibilidade. Há indivisibilidade carnal entre o eu e o mundo (eu e as coisas, entre eu e os outros). A carne, como elemento e dimensionalidade que compõem a indivisão, é um modo de ser que se realiza pelo agenciamento de sua própria operação, possibilitando a identidade, a diferença e bem como os laços entre todas as carnes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina Língua Portuguesa se apresenta como um desafio para professores e alunos; muito disso se deve à falta de reconhecimento da diversidade linguística (LIMA, 2014). Há uma tendência no ambiente escolar em se valorizar apenas uma norma linguística, ignorando as diferentes normas que fazem parte do convívio em sociedade. Com isso, os discentes entram em conflito, pois aquilo que é apresentado para eles como a Língua Portuguesa está bem distante da sua experiência pessoal com a língua. Em via de eliminar esse conflito, os PCNs e o PNLD estabelecem a inserção do tema variação linguística no conteúdo programático da disciplina Língua Portuguesa. Entretanto, ainda perdura uma lacuna no tratamento desse tema. A preocupação em preencher essa lacuna motivou este trabalho, que teve como objetivo principal propor e aplicar uma sequência didática que abordasse os seguintes temas: língua, gramáticas e normas linguísticas, a fim de contribuir com a realização de uma Educação Linguística eficaz (BAGNO; RANGEL, 2005). Esses três conteúdos principais geraram desdobramentos que proporcionaram a discussão dos seguintes tópicos: variação e preconceito linguísticos. A sequência didática elaborada é composta por oito etapas em que são intercalados momentos de aula expositiva e de atividades lúdicas. A aplicação da proposta de sequência didática ocorreu em uma turma de nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de um CIEP (Centro Integrado de Educação Pública) localizado na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As ferramentas utilizadas para identificar os conteúdos assimilados pelos alunos foram a avaliação da participação da turma e os resultados de quatro atividades específicas. Considerando a complexidade e o ineditismo dos conceitos apresentados na sequência didática, o desempenho da classe foi satisfatório. Os alunos também responderam a dois questionários, um no início da sequência e outro ao final, que tinham o propósito de avaliar se houve mudança com relação ao entendimento da existência de variação linguística e do preconceito linguístico. O primeiro questionário revelou que a maioria dos alunos já havia sofrido e praticado preconceito linguístico; já o segundo mostrou que a maioria dos discentes assimilou a noção de preconceito linguístico e rompeu com a ideia de certo e errado na língua. Como objetivo secundário, este trabalho intentou deixar um legado para professores, pois com esta dissertação a ação não ficará limitada apenas ao nono ano daquele CIEP, mas poderá contribuir com o ensino linguístico de diversas escolas; e para pesquisadores, pois este registro descreve um modelo de trabalho acadêmico em que se pretendeu aplicar o princípio de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A expectativa é que, somados a trabalhos similares, seja possível abrir um precedente de trabalhos acadêmicos fundamentados teoricamente e desenvolvidos de forma prática, além de realizados com preocupações sociais e educacionais / The teaching-learning process of the Portuguese Language discipline presents a challenge for both teachers and students, and much of that is due to the lack of recognition of linguistic diversity (Lima, 2014). There is a tendency in the school environment to appreciate just one linguistic norm, ignoring the other different ones that are part of societys life. Therefore, the students get into conflict, because what is presented to them as "the Portuguese Language" is far distant from their personal experience with the language. In order to eliminate this conflict, the National Curriculum Guidelines and the Schoolbook National Program establish the insertion of the language variation theme in the syllabus of the Portuguese Language courses. However, a gap still exists in the treatment of this subject. The concern of filling this gap motivated this work, which aimed to propose and apply a didactic sequence about the following topics: language, grammars and linguistic norms in order to contribute with the achievement of an effective Linguistic Education (BAGNO and RANGEL, 2005). These three main subjects generated developments that fomented the discussion of the following topics: language variation and linguistic discrimination. The didactic sequence consists of eight steps that intercalate moments of classroom instruction and practical activities. The application of the proposed didactic sequence occurred in a ninth grade class of elementary school of an Integrated Center of Public Education located in the western area of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The tools used to identify the assimilation of the content by the students were the evaluation of class participation and the results of four specific activities. Considering the complexity and originality of the concepts presented in the didactic sequence, the performance of the students was satisfactory. The students also answered two questionnaires: one at the beginning of the sequence and the other at the end of it, which were designed to evaluate if there was a change concerning the understanding of the existence of linguistic variation and linguistic discrimination. The first questionnaire revealed that the majority of the students had already suffered and practiced linguistic discrimination; the second one showed that most of the students assimilated the notion of linguistic discrimination and broke with the concept of right and wrong in language. As a secondary objective, this work aimed to leave a legacy for teachers, because, with this dissertation, the action will not be limited to a single class only, but may contribute to Portuguese Language teaching in several schools. Also, it leaves a legacy for researchers, since this record describes an example of an academic work that applied the principle of indivisibility between teaching, research and extension. The expectation is that, united to similar works, it could be possible to set a precedent of academic papers that are theoretically grounded, practical developed and, also, concerned to social and educational matters

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina Língua Portuguesa se apresenta como um desafio para professores e alunos; muito disso se deve à falta de reconhecimento da diversidade linguística (LIMA, 2014). Há uma tendência no ambiente escolar em se valorizar apenas uma norma linguística, ignorando as diferentes normas que fazem parte do convívio em sociedade. Com isso, os discentes entram em conflito, pois aquilo que é apresentado para eles como a Língua Portuguesa está bem distante da sua experiência pessoal com a língua. Em via de eliminar esse conflito, os PCNs e o PNLD estabelecem a inserção do tema variação linguística no conteúdo programático da disciplina Língua Portuguesa. Entretanto, ainda perdura uma lacuna no tratamento desse tema. A preocupação em preencher essa lacuna motivou este trabalho, que teve como objetivo principal propor e aplicar uma sequência didática que abordasse os seguintes temas: língua, gramáticas e normas linguísticas, a fim de contribuir com a realização de uma Educação Linguística eficaz (BAGNO; RANGEL, 2005). Esses três conteúdos principais geraram desdobramentos que proporcionaram a discussão dos seguintes tópicos: variação e preconceito linguísticos. A sequência didática elaborada é composta por oito etapas em que são intercalados momentos de aula expositiva e de atividades lúdicas. A aplicação da proposta de sequência didática ocorreu em uma turma de nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de um CIEP (Centro Integrado de Educação Pública) localizado na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As ferramentas utilizadas para identificar os conteúdos assimilados pelos alunos foram a avaliação da participação da turma e os resultados de quatro atividades específicas. Considerando a complexidade e o ineditismo dos conceitos apresentados na sequência didática, o desempenho da classe foi satisfatório. Os alunos também responderam a dois questionários, um no início da sequência e outro ao final, que tinham o propósito de avaliar se houve mudança com relação ao entendimento da existência de variação linguística e do preconceito linguístico. O primeiro questionário revelou que a maioria dos alunos já havia sofrido e praticado preconceito linguístico; já o segundo mostrou que a maioria dos discentes assimilou a noção de preconceito linguístico e rompeu com a ideia de certo e errado na língua. Como objetivo secundário, este trabalho intentou deixar um legado para professores, pois com esta dissertação a ação não ficará limitada apenas ao nono ano daquele CIEP, mas poderá contribuir com o ensino linguístico de diversas escolas; e para pesquisadores, pois este registro descreve um modelo de trabalho acadêmico em que se pretendeu aplicar o princípio de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A expectativa é que, somados a trabalhos similares, seja possível abrir um precedente de trabalhos acadêmicos fundamentados teoricamente e desenvolvidos de forma prática, além de realizados com preocupações sociais e educacionais / The teaching-learning process of the Portuguese Language discipline presents a challenge for both teachers and students, and much of that is due to the lack of recognition of linguistic diversity (Lima, 2014). There is a tendency in the school environment to appreciate just one linguistic norm, ignoring the other different ones that are part of societys life. Therefore, the students get into conflict, because what is presented to them as "the Portuguese Language" is far distant from their personal experience with the language. In order to eliminate this conflict, the National Curriculum Guidelines and the Schoolbook National Program establish the insertion of the language variation theme in the syllabus of the Portuguese Language courses. However, a gap still exists in the treatment of this subject. The concern of filling this gap motivated this work, which aimed to propose and apply a didactic sequence about the following topics: language, grammars and linguistic norms in order to contribute with the achievement of an effective Linguistic Education (BAGNO and RANGEL, 2005). These three main subjects generated developments that fomented the discussion of the following topics: language variation and linguistic discrimination. The didactic sequence consists of eight steps that intercalate moments of classroom instruction and practical activities. The application of the proposed didactic sequence occurred in a ninth grade class of elementary school of an Integrated Center of Public Education located in the western area of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The tools used to identify the assimilation of the content by the students were the evaluation of class participation and the results of four specific activities. Considering the complexity and originality of the concepts presented in the didactic sequence, the performance of the students was satisfactory. The students also answered two questionnaires: one at the beginning of the sequence and the other at the end of it, which were designed to evaluate if there was a change concerning the understanding of the existence of linguistic variation and linguistic discrimination. The first questionnaire revealed that the majority of the students had already suffered and practiced linguistic discrimination; the second one showed that most of the students assimilated the notion of linguistic discrimination and broke with the concept of right and wrong in language. As a secondary objective, this work aimed to leave a legacy for teachers, because, with this dissertation, the action will not be limited to a single class only, but may contribute to Portuguese Language teaching in several schools. Also, it leaves a legacy for researchers, since this record describes an example of an academic work that applied the principle of indivisibility between teaching, research and extension. The expectation is that, united to similar works, it could be possible to set a precedent of academic papers that are theoretically grounded, practical developed and, also, concerned to social and educational matters

Depuis l’Accord de Nouméa de 1998 et la reconnaissance de l’identité kanake, le registre international des droits des peuples autochtones est apparu en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Si depuis l’Accord de Matignon de 1989, la réflexion de la doctrine se concentre sur la souveraineté de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la question autochtone est désormais un nouvel aspect de la décolonisation kanake. Elle n’est pas directement revendiquée pour l’indépendance, mais pour obtenir des droits de peuple autochtone. Ce point de vue s’émancipe de la doctrine moniste classique de l’État nation, en considérant que d’autres entités puissent prétendre à l’autodétermination par la reconnaissance d’un système juridique propre. Une relecture de la Constitution de 1958 ainsi que l’analyse des pratiques administratives et juridictionnelles démontrent la capacité du droit français à prendre en considération les aspirations et les particularités de la société kanake. Au delà de l’Accord de Nouméa, une réflexion doctrinale alternative est donc proposée à partir du comparatisme avec le droit canadien. / Since the 1998 Noumea Accord and the recognition of the Kanak identity, the International Register of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has appeared in New Caledonia. Since the Matignon Agreement of 1989, the doctrine has focused on the sovereignty of New Caledonia, the indigenous issue is now a new aspect of Kanak decolonization. It is not directly claimed for independence, but for the rights of indigenous peoples. This point of view emancipates itself from the classical monist doctrine of the nation state, considering that other entities can claim self-determination by recognizing a proper legal system. A review of the 1958 Constitution and the analysis of administrative and judicial practices demonstrate the ability of French law to take into account the aspirations and particularities of the Kanake society. Beyond the Noumea Accord, an alternative reflection is proposed based on comparatism with Canadian law.

Cette thèse porte sur les mécanismes d’allocation de biens indivisibles en présence d’externalités dans les préférences individuelles. Ces externalités rendent difficile en pratique la collecte d’une information complète sur les préférences. Aussi, l’analyse normative des mécanismes d’allocation requiert de formuler des hypothèses sur la manière d’étendre l’information collectée aux préférences sur les allocations. Cette approche revient à définir des restrictions sur le domaine de préférences admissibles, une démarche bien connue de la théorie du choix social. Les trois premiers chapitres portent sur l’analyse du marché de Shapley-Scarf dans lequel les échanges sont organisés entre coalitions. Les chapitres 1 et 2 établissent des restrictions de domaine garantissant l’existence de différents types d’équilibre concurrentiel. Dans le chapitre 3, l’ensemble des biens est muni d’une géographie, ce qui permet de définir la distance entre partenaires comme source d’externalité. Nous identifions certains domaines de préférences qui assurent la non-vacuité de différents types de Coeur. Le chapitre 4 porte sur le cas de biens indivisibles publics purs. Nous montrons que le problème est formellement équivalent à celui du choix d’un comité dont les membres sont choisis dans des ensembles distincts. Nous caractérisons certains domaines de préférences sur les comités pour lesquels le choix majoritaire membre par membre est cohérent avec le choix majoritaire du comité dans son ensemble. / This thesis focuses on the allocation of indivisible goods in presence of externality in individual preferences. This externality creates a difficulty with collecting full information about preferences. Therefore, conducting a normative analysis of allocation mechanisms requires assumptions on how reported preferences can be extended to preferences over outcomes. This approach is in line with the literature on preference domain restriction well-known in Social Choice theory. The first three chapters focus on Shapley-Scarf markets where trades are organized among coalitions. Coalitional trade generates externalities in individual valuations of allocations. Chapters 1 and 2 investigate domain restrictions ensuring the existence of various types of competitive equilibrium. Chapter 3 endows the set of goods with a geographical structure and considers distance to partners as a source of externality in preference. We identify domains of preference extensions which guarantee the existence of various types of core allocations. Chapter 4 focuses the case of pure public indivisible goods, which is formally identical to choosing a committee formed by several members, each selected from a specific set. We characterize preference domains over committees for which a well-defined seat-wise choice procedure based on majority voting is consistent with choosing a committee at once from majority voting.

Este trabalho trata fundamentalmente da admissibilidade dos julgamentos parciais do mérito e de questões de mérito no sistema processual civil brasileiro, considerando especialmente o modelo constitucional de processo civil, bem como no sistema processual prospectivo previsto no Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil, que deve entrar vigor em breve. Com este objetivo, será abordado no início da dissertação o dogma da unidade estrutural da sentença, sua origem, fundamentos e aplicabilidade no processo civil brasileiro, já que esse dogma parece ser o principal óbice que se opõe à realização dos julgamentos parciais. Em seguida, procede-se à análise da natureza dos pronunciamentos judiciais em que se realizam os julgamentos parciais, quando admitidos no CPC/73, para defini-los como decisões interlocutórias de mérito (ou de questões de mérito) ou sentenças parciais e intermediárias. Além disso, pretende-se estabelecer os pressupostos autorizadores dos julgamentos parciais, para que, assim, esses julgamentos sejam realizados de forma eficiente e em prol da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Trata-se ainda os julgamentos parciais na arbitragem e suas particularidades decorrentes das disposições específicas da Lei de Arbitragem e das características específicas do processo arbitral. Finalmente, nos capítulos finais deste estudo enfrentam-se os obstáculos que geralmente se colocam à realização dos julgamentos parciais relativamente ao âmbito recursal e à formação da coisa julgada. Para esse fim, são abordados a teoria dos capítulos de sentença, os efeitos dos recursos e, especialmente, a formação gradual da coisa julgada à luz da doutrina, da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores e também do Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil. / This paper deals essentially with the possibility of rendering partial judgments on the merits and on issues of merits in the Brazilian Civil Procedure, considering especially the constitutional framework of civil procedure, as well as in the prospective procedural system provided by the New Code of Civil Procedure bill, which shall be in force soon. With this goal, the principle of the indivisibility of the award on merits, its origins, its grounds and its applicability to the Brazilian Civil Procedure are addressed in the beginning of the dissertation, as this principle seems to be the main obstacle against the partial judgments. Following this, the nature of the judicial decisions in wich the partial judgments take place when admitted by the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 shall be analysed, in order to characterize them either as interlocutory decisions on the merits (or on issues of merits) or as partial and intermediate awards. In addition, there is a focus on clarifying the conditions in which partial judgments can be rendered, in order to carried out in and efficient fashion, and hence contributing to the effectiveness of the judicial relief. Moreover, the partial judgments in arbitration, as well as their particularities arisen from the specific provisions under the Arbitration Act and singular characteristics of arbitral procedure are analysed. The final chapters of this paper face the obstacles associated with appeals and with claim preclusion that are usually posed against the rendering of partial judgments. For this scope, there shall be addressed the theory of chapters of the award, the effects of the appeals, and specially the gradual claim preclusion in view of the scholars opinions, the case law of the Higher Courts, and also under the New Code of Civil Procedure bill.

Este trabalho trata fundamentalmente da admissibilidade dos julgamentos parciais do mérito e de questões de mérito no sistema processual civil brasileiro, considerando especialmente o modelo constitucional de processo civil, bem como no sistema processual prospectivo previsto no Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil, que deve entrar vigor em breve. Com este objetivo, será abordado no início da dissertação o dogma da unidade estrutural da sentença, sua origem, fundamentos e aplicabilidade no processo civil brasileiro, já que esse dogma parece ser o principal óbice que se opõe à realização dos julgamentos parciais. Em seguida, procede-se à análise da natureza dos pronunciamentos judiciais em que se realizam os julgamentos parciais, quando admitidos no CPC/73, para defini-los como decisões interlocutórias de mérito (ou de questões de mérito) ou sentenças parciais e intermediárias. Além disso, pretende-se estabelecer os pressupostos autorizadores dos julgamentos parciais, para que, assim, esses julgamentos sejam realizados de forma eficiente e em prol da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Trata-se ainda os julgamentos parciais na arbitragem e suas particularidades decorrentes das disposições específicas da Lei de Arbitragem e das características específicas do processo arbitral. Finalmente, nos capítulos finais deste estudo enfrentam-se os obstáculos que geralmente se colocam à realização dos julgamentos parciais relativamente ao âmbito recursal e à formação da coisa julgada. Para esse fim, são abordados a teoria dos capítulos de sentença, os efeitos dos recursos e, especialmente, a formação gradual da coisa julgada à luz da doutrina, da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores e também do Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil. / This paper deals essentially with the possibility of rendering partial judgments on the merits and on issues of merits in the Brazilian Civil Procedure, considering especially the constitutional framework of civil procedure, as well as in the prospective procedural system provided by the New Code of Civil Procedure bill, which shall be in force soon. With this goal, the principle of the indivisibility of the award on merits, its origins, its grounds and its applicability to the Brazilian Civil Procedure are addressed in the beginning of the dissertation, as this principle seems to be the main obstacle against the partial judgments. Following this, the nature of the judicial decisions in wich the partial judgments take place when admitted by the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 shall be analysed, in order to characterize them either as interlocutory decisions on the merits (or on issues of merits) or as partial and intermediate awards. In addition, there is a focus on clarifying the conditions in which partial judgments can be rendered, in order to carried out in and efficient fashion, and hence contributing to the effectiveness of the judicial relief. Moreover, the partial judgments in arbitration, as well as their particularities arisen from the specific provisions under the Arbitration Act and singular characteristics of arbitral procedure are analysed. The final chapters of this paper face the obstacles associated with appeals and with claim preclusion that are usually posed against the rendering of partial judgments. For this scope, there shall be addressed the theory of chapters of the award, the effects of the appeals, and specially the gradual claim preclusion in view of the scholars opinions, the case law of the Higher Courts, and also under the New Code of Civil Procedure bill.

由於傳統探討逃漏稅行為之文獻皆假設商品之消費可無限細分，然而假設商品之消費皆可無限細分並不符合現實世界的情況。因此，本文設定一模型包含了可無限細分之財貨及不可無限細分之財貨，目的在於探討納稅人在存在不可無限細分之財貨的環境下是否會改變其逃漏稅決策，進而得出不同於傳統逃漏稅文獻之結論。而為了與傳統逃漏稅文獻相對應，除了商品具不可分割性的假設之外，其餘參數仍沿用傳統逃漏稅文獻之設定：所得、稽徵機率和處罰倍率皆為外生。 透過模型設定，本文得到了三個和傳統逃漏稅文獻十分不同的結論。第一，在商品不可無限分割之下，納稅人願意進行逃漏稅的條件相對於藉由傳統逃漏稅模型所得之條件寬鬆，甚至是願意在對其不利的條件之下進行租稅逃漏。第二，逃漏稅額與稅率之間不全然為單調遞減的關係，其方向並不明確。因而可以改善傳統逃漏稅模型預測最適逃漏稅額與稅率之間為單調遞減關係之結果，使其更加符合現實世界的情況。 第三，在商品具有不可分割性的假設之下，納稅人的風險偏好會因而改變使其不為一純粹的風險趨避者。因此，本文發現若是政府藉由調降政策變數以允許納稅人進行租稅逃漏，則政府之預期稅收會因為允許納稅人逃漏稅而提高，進而得以提升整體之社會福利。最後，在本文的設定之下，最適的處罰倍率不必然為無窮大。 / Traditional tax evasion researches all assumed that consumptions of goods are divisible, but those assumptions do not conform reality. Thus, our research set a model include one divisible good and one indivisible good in order to inquire that if taxpayers change their tax evasion decision under the assumption. In order to correspond to traditional tax evasion researches, our model still practices the settings of traditional tax evasion researches, which include exogenous income, fine rate and probability rate. Through the setting, our research obtained three important conclusions that are different from traditional tax evasion researches. First, under our assumption, taxpayers are more willing to evolve in tax evasions even the conditions are unfavorable to them. Second, the relationship between tax evasion and tax rate is no longer monotone decreasing. Therefore, the conclusion is able to reform the impractical conclusion obtain by traditional tax evasion researches. Third, under our setting, taxpayers are no longer pure Risk-Averter. Hence, we discover that if government slash the policy parameter to encourage taxpayers evolve in tax evasions, expect revenue of government will rise. Since the expect revenue of government rises, social welfare rises as well.