CAPES / A ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) corresponde a uma das intervenções mais comuns dentro das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Durante o período de internação, aproximadamente 30% dos pacientes experimentam dificuldades na remoção do suporte ventilatório, necessitando de VMI por um período prolongado. Atualmente, a decisão de extubar os pacientes é tomada com base na experiência clínica da equipe médica e em critérios pouco objetivos, o que torna a remoção da VMI uma ação de tentativa e erro. A análise da pressão final de dióxido de carbono expirado (PetCO2) através da capnografia é um método contínuo, não invasivo e permite avaliar a ventilação pulmonar durante todo o ciclo respiratório. Mesmo havendo numerosas indicações da necessidade de mensuração da PetCO2, o capnógrafo não é utilizado durante o processo de desmame da VMI. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar de forma quantitativa a PetCO2 e os índices extraídos do capnograma em pacientes recém-nascidos e pediátricos, como índice preditivo de sucesso na extubação da VMI no período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Inicialmente, o desempenho do capnógrafo, utilizado neste trabalho, foi comparado com outros dois equipamentos de capnografia comercializados e obteve: altos índices de correlação (r = 0,994 e 0,975; p < 0,001), e uma média de diferença obtida no teste de Bland-Altman de -0,56 e -1 mmHg, comprovando a sua aplicação com segurança e acurácia. Na segunda etapa, a amostra composta de 254 pacientes foi avaliada durante a pré e pós-extubação da VMI. Houve sucesso na extubação em 70,47% (179) e falha em 29,53% (75), sendo necessário retornar o paciente à prótese ventilatória dentro de um período de 48 horas após a extubação. Comparando-se o grupo de pacientes em que houve sucesso com o grupo em que houve falha, foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa (p < 0,001) quanto à idade (15,51 versus 3,16 meses), peso (8,17 versus 4,5 kg) e tempo de ventilação mecânica (2,34 versus 6,3 dias). Em relação aos parâmetros ventilatórios, não houve diferença significativa para os valores de PetCO2 e pressão arterial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2) entre os dois grupos (sucesso e falha). A análise de Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) mostrou que os valores de PaCO2 e PetCO2 apresentaram uma baixa sensibilidade e especificidade para predizer a falha na extubação. No entanto, o índice P(a-et)CO2 apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos sucesso e falha da extubação (0,42 versus 1,27 mmHg, p < 0,001) no período pré-extubação e apresentou uma área sob a curva (area under curve – AUC) de 0,707, que indica um desempenho aceitável para discriminar o desfecho na extubação. Além disso, oito índices extraídos do capnograma apresentaram diferença significativa entre ambos os grupos (p < 0,001), valores de AUC superiores a 0,8 e uma alta sensibilidade e especificidade para predizer a falha na extubação, indicando uma excelente discriminação entre os grupos com elevada significância clínica, sendo eles: tempo expiratório, tempo total do ciclo respiratório, slope 1, slope 2, slope ratio, ângulo α, ângulo ascendente e de inclinação. O estudo mostrou que a análise dos parâmetros ventilatórios é relevante no processo de retirada do paciente da prótese ventilatória, aumentando a segurança da equipe interprofissional quanto à decisão de extubar ou não um paciente. / Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) corresponds to one of the most common intervention in the intensive care unit; approximately 30% of hospitalized patients have difficulty in the removal of ventilatory support requiring IMV for a prolonged period. Currently, the decision to extubate patients is based on clinical experience of the medical staff and in poor criteria, which makes the decision for IMV remotion harder. The analysis of end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) by capnography is a continuous method, noninvasive and capable to evaluate the ventilation during the entire respiratory period. Although there are numerous indications to measure the PetCO2, the capnograph is not used during the process of weaning from IMV. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine quantitatively PetCO2 and indexes extracted from the capnogram in neonates and pediatric patients, as a predictor of successful extubation of IMV in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Initially, the capnograph was compared to other commercialized equipment and it showed high levels of correlation (r2 = 0.9872 and 0.9513, p < 0.001), and a mean difference obtained by Bland- Altman test close to zero (-0.56 and -1 mmHg), demonstrating its reliability and accuracy application. In the second phase, a sample consisted of 254 patients were evaluated during the pre and pos-extubation from IMV. There were weaning success in 70.47% (179) and failure in 29.53% (75), being necessary return the patient to ventilatory prosthesis before 48 hours after extubation. Comparing the successful group with the group of patients who have failed, a significant statistically difference (p < 0.001) was found for age (15.51 versus 3.16 months), weight (8.17 versus 4.5 kg) and duration of mechanical ventilation (2.34 versus 6.3 days). Considering ventilatory parameters, no significant difference was observed in the values of PetCO2 and arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) between the two groups (success and failure). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the mean values of PaCO2 and PetCO2 had low sensitivity and specificity to predict extubation failure. However, P(a-et)CO2 showed a significant difference between the success and failure group of extubation (0.42 versus 1.27 mmHg; p < 0.001) in the pre-extubation period; and it presented area under curve (AUC) of 0.707 which indicates acceptable performance to discriminate the extubation outcome. Furthermore, eight indexes extracted from capnogram presented significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), AUC values greater than 0.8 and high sensitivity and specificity to predict extubation failure, indicating excellent discrimination between groups with high clinical significance, these were: expiratory time, respiratory cycle total time, slope 1, slope 2, slope ratio, α angle, ascending angle and inclination angle. The study has shown that the analysis of ventilatory parameters is relevant in the process of removing the patient from IMV, increasing the safety for the multidisciplinary team on the decision to extubate a patient.

CAPES / A ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) corresponde a uma das intervenções mais comuns dentro das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Durante o período de internação, aproximadamente 30% dos pacientes experimentam dificuldades na remoção do suporte ventilatório, necessitando de VMI por um período prolongado. Atualmente, a decisão de extubar os pacientes é tomada com base na experiência clínica da equipe médica e em critérios pouco objetivos, o que torna a remoção da VMI uma ação de tentativa e erro. A análise da pressão final de dióxido de carbono expirado (PetCO2) através da capnografia é um método contínuo, não invasivo e permite avaliar a ventilação pulmonar durante todo o ciclo respiratório. Mesmo havendo numerosas indicações da necessidade de mensuração da PetCO2, o capnógrafo não é utilizado durante o processo de desmame da VMI. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar de forma quantitativa a PetCO2 e os índices extraídos do capnograma em pacientes recém-nascidos e pediátricos, como índice preditivo de sucesso na extubação da VMI no período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Inicialmente, o desempenho do capnógrafo, utilizado neste trabalho, foi comparado com outros dois equipamentos de capnografia comercializados e obteve: altos índices de correlação (r = 0,994 e 0,975; p < 0,001), e uma média de diferença obtida no teste de Bland-Altman de -0,56 e -1 mmHg, comprovando a sua aplicação com segurança e acurácia. Na segunda etapa, a amostra composta de 254 pacientes foi avaliada durante a pré e pós-extubação da VMI. Houve sucesso na extubação em 70,47% (179) e falha em 29,53% (75), sendo necessário retornar o paciente à prótese ventilatória dentro de um período de 48 horas após a extubação. Comparando-se o grupo de pacientes em que houve sucesso com o grupo em que houve falha, foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa (p < 0,001) quanto à idade (15,51 versus 3,16 meses), peso (8,17 versus 4,5 kg) e tempo de ventilação mecânica (2,34 versus 6,3 dias). Em relação aos parâmetros ventilatórios, não houve diferença significativa para os valores de PetCO2 e pressão arterial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2) entre os dois grupos (sucesso e falha). A análise de Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) mostrou que os valores de PaCO2 e PetCO2 apresentaram uma baixa sensibilidade e especificidade para predizer a falha na extubação. No entanto, o índice P(a-et)CO2 apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos sucesso e falha da extubação (0,42 versus 1,27 mmHg, p < 0,001) no período pré-extubação e apresentou uma área sob a curva (area under curve – AUC) de 0,707, que indica um desempenho aceitável para discriminar o desfecho na extubação. Além disso, oito índices extraídos do capnograma apresentaram diferença significativa entre ambos os grupos (p < 0,001), valores de AUC superiores a 0,8 e uma alta sensibilidade e especificidade para predizer a falha na extubação, indicando uma excelente discriminação entre os grupos com elevada significância clínica, sendo eles: tempo expiratório, tempo total do ciclo respiratório, slope 1, slope 2, slope ratio, ângulo α, ângulo ascendente e de inclinação. O estudo mostrou que a análise dos parâmetros ventilatórios é relevante no processo de retirada do paciente da prótese ventilatória, aumentando a segurança da equipe interprofissional quanto à decisão de extubar ou não um paciente. / Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) corresponds to one of the most common intervention in the intensive care unit; approximately 30% of hospitalized patients have difficulty in the removal of ventilatory support requiring IMV for a prolonged period. Currently, the decision to extubate patients is based on clinical experience of the medical staff and in poor criteria, which makes the decision for IMV remotion harder. The analysis of end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) by capnography is a continuous method, noninvasive and capable to evaluate the ventilation during the entire respiratory period. Although there are numerous indications to measure the PetCO2, the capnograph is not used during the process of weaning from IMV. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine quantitatively PetCO2 and indexes extracted from the capnogram in neonates and pediatric patients, as a predictor of successful extubation of IMV in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Initially, the capnograph was compared to other commercialized equipment and it showed high levels of correlation (r2 = 0.9872 and 0.9513, p < 0.001), and a mean difference obtained by Bland- Altman test close to zero (-0.56 and -1 mmHg), demonstrating its reliability and accuracy application. In the second phase, a sample consisted of 254 patients were evaluated during the pre and pos-extubation from IMV. There were weaning success in 70.47% (179) and failure in 29.53% (75), being necessary return the patient to ventilatory prosthesis before 48 hours after extubation. Comparing the successful group with the group of patients who have failed, a significant statistically difference (p < 0.001) was found for age (15.51 versus 3.16 months), weight (8.17 versus 4.5 kg) and duration of mechanical ventilation (2.34 versus 6.3 days). Considering ventilatory parameters, no significant difference was observed in the values of PetCO2 and arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) between the two groups (success and failure). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the mean values of PaCO2 and PetCO2 had low sensitivity and specificity to predict extubation failure. However, P(a-et)CO2 showed a significant difference between the success and failure group of extubation (0.42 versus 1.27 mmHg; p < 0.001) in the pre-extubation period; and it presented area under curve (AUC) of 0.707 which indicates acceptable performance to discriminate the extubation outcome. Furthermore, eight indexes extracted from capnogram presented significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), AUC values greater than 0.8 and high sensitivity and specificity to predict extubation failure, indicating excellent discrimination between groups with high clinical significance, these were: expiratory time, respiratory cycle total time, slope 1, slope 2, slope ratio, α angle, ascending angle and inclination angle. The study has shown that the analysis of ventilatory parameters is relevant in the process of removing the patient from IMV, increasing the safety for the multidisciplinary team on the decision to extubate a patient.

It is understood that the organization of perinatal care, according to the risk approach, implies that every pregnant and newborn are adequately cared for at the level of complexity they need. The purpose of the present study was to describe the structure and processes of care for pregnant women and newborns, including essential neonatal care, in maternity hospitals in the State of Sergipe. It is an integrated cross-sectional study to the research Born in Sergipe: survey about pre - natal, delivery and puerperium, conducted between June 2015 and April 2016 in public, mixed and private hospitals of Sergipe that had performed a minimum of 500 births in 2014, totaling 11 hospitals. Initially, a questionnaire was administered to managers of the eligible units on the existing structure and work processes. Subsequently, a representative number of postpartum women from these hospitals were interviewed and, after discharge, their medical records and those of their newborns were analyzed. The results showed that Sergipe has 78 beds of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and 90 Units of Intermediate Unit (UI) to meet spontaneous and programmed demand. Only six maternity hospitals (54.5%) performed the risk classification, and four (36.3%) had protocols for attending high-risk deliveries. Moreover, regarding components of the Essential Newborn Care corresponding strategies which aim to improve the health of the newborn at different stages, from conception to the postnatal period, only 18% of women had the presence of Companion always for delivery, 41% had skin-to-skin contact early with their child and 33.1% breastfed in the first hour of life. It was observed an adequate distribution of NICU beds between Capital and Interior considering the current legislation, low adherence to protocols of hypertensive and hemorrhagic emergencies; there was low coverage also for the humanization policies, risk rating for the pregnant woman and practices of Essential Newborn Care, especially the skin - to - skin contact and breastfeeding in the first hour of life. / A organização da assistência perinatal, segundo o enfoque de risco, implica que toda gestante e recém-nascido sejam atendidos adequadamente no nível de complexidade que necessitam. O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever a estrutura e os processos de atendimento à gestante e ao recém-nascido, incluindo os cuidados neonatais essenciais, das maternidades do Estado de Sergipe. Trata-se de um estudo transversal integrado à pesquisa Nascer em Sergipe: inquérito sobre assistência pré-natal, parto e puerpério, realizado entre junho de 2015 e abril de 2016 nas maternidades públicas, mistas e privadas de Sergipe que tiveram pelo menos 500 partos em 2014, totalizando 11 maternidades. Inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário aos gestores das unidades elegíveis sobre a estrutura e os processos de trabalhos existentes. Posteriormente, um número representativo de puérperas desses hospitais foi entrevistado e, após a alta, seus prontuários e os de seus recém-nascidos foram analisados. Os resultados mostraram que Sergipe dispõe de 78 leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e 90 de Unidade Intermediária (UI) para atendimento da demanda espontânea e programada. Somente seis maternidades (54,5%) realizam a classificação de risco e quatro (36,3%) possuem protocolos para atendimento das parturientes de alto risco. Além disso, os componentes do Essential Newborn Care que correspondem a estratégias que têm o objetivo melhorar a saúde do recém-nascido em diferentes estágios, desde a concepção até o período pós-natal, estavam presentes em apenas 18% das mulheres que tiveram a presença do acompanhante em todos os momentos do parto, 41% que tiveram contato pele a pele precoce com seu filho e 33,1% que amamentaram na primeira hora de vida. Observou-se uma distribuição adequada de leitos de UTIN entre Capital e Interior levando-se em consideração a legislação vigente, baixa adesão aos protocolos das emergências hipertensivas e hemorrágicas; houve baixa cobertura também em relação às políticas de humanização, classificação de risco para a gestante e às práticas do Essential Newborn Care, principalmente o contato pele a pele precoce e a amamentação na primeira hora de vida.

Bakgrund Nyutbildade intensivvårdssjuksköterskor beskriver det första året som mycket utmanande. Dåliga erfarenheter liksom avsaknad av stöd och återkoppling hindrar intensivvårdssjuksköterskan från att känna sig trygg i sin yrkesroll med följden att man lämnar sin anställning. Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva den nyutbildade intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av att arbeta på intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer från nio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Resultatet i denna studie baserades på två̊ huvudkategorier, "Att använda sin kunskap och utvecklas" och "Att arbeta i en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö". De två huvudkategorier har vardera två underkategorier; "Att erhålla klinisk erfarenhet", "Att lita på sin egen förmåga", "Att arbeta med skicklig personal" samt "Att känna kollegialt stöd". Slutsats För att uppleva sig trygg i sin yrkesroll måste den nyutbildade intensivvårdssjuksköterska förvärva kunskap och lära sig att lita på sin egen förmåga. En god psykosocial arbetsmiljö framkommer som en betydande aspekt. Att få känna sig respekterad och vara en del av arbetsgruppen är fundamentalt. En god psykosocial arbetsmiljö främjar pedagogiska samtal och utbyte av kunskap, där nyutbildade intensivvårdssjuksköterskor tillåts utvecklas under trygga omständigheter. / Background Newly trained intensive care nurses describe the first year as very challenging. Bad experiences such as lack of support and feedback prevent the intensive care nurse from feeling confident in their professional role with the result of leaving their employment. Aim The purpose of the study was to describe the newly trained intensive care nurse's experience of working in the intensive care unit Method The study is based on a qualitative method. With the help of semi-structured interviews, material was collected from nine intensive care nurses and then analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results Finally, the results of this study are based on two main categories, "Using one's knowledge and developing" and "Working in a good psychosocial work environment". The two main categories each have two subcategories. Conclusion In order to feel confident in her professional role, the newly trained intensive care nurse must acquire knowledge and learn to trust her own abilities over time. The importance of a good psychosocial work environment emerges as an important aspect in most of the interviews. To feel respected and to be part of the working group is fundamental. A good psychosocial work environment promotes pedagogical conversations and the exchange of knowledge, where newly trained intensive care nurses are allowed to develop in safe circumstances.

Bakgrund: Intensivvård är den högsta vårdinstansen på ett sjukhus, en av sjukvårdens mest resurskrävande behandlingsformer. När en patient blir kritiskt sjuk eller påvisar försämrade vitalparametrar kontaktar vårdpersonalen mobil intensivvårdsgrupp (MIG) som utgår ifrån intensivvårdsavdelningen (IVA). Problemformulering: De kritiskt sjuka patienterna vårdas inte längre bara på IVA men också på vårdavdelningar. I ett omvårdnads- och professionsperspektiv som intensivvårdssjuksköterska är det av betydelse och centralt att förstå orsakerna till kontakt med MIG. Syfte: Att kartlägga kontakter, orsaker och skillnader med mobil intensivvårdsgrupp på ett sjukhus i Västra Götalandsregionen. Metod: En icke-experimentell studie med ett konsekutivt urval och retrospektiv journalgranskning av 386 patientkontakter med MIG under åren 2017–2019. Resultat: Studiens resultat påvisar en hög medelålder. Ingen skillnad återfanns i patientgruppen ur ett könsperspektiv. Den framträdande gruppen är den geriatriska patienten ≥65år som är utsatt och en högriskgrupp vid kontakt med MIG. De utgör majoriteten av alla kontakter med MIG åren 2017–2019. Diskussion: Studiens kartläggning och resultat påvisar behov av kompetenshöjande utbildning och optimeringsteam. Geriatriska patientgruppen behöver vårdinsatser i rätt tid och med rätt kompetens för att minska antalet MIG kontakter och initiera insatser i förtid och motverka svikt av vitala parametrar.

Text in English / The purpose of this study was to develop strategies to overcome the challenges in the management of large intensive care units (ICUs). Qualitative, research was conducted to explore and describe the challenges and needs experienced by the ICU managers and critical care nurses in the management of large ICUs. Data was collected through interviews. The study was conducted in two phases, that is, Phases I and II which involved compilation of evidence in preparation for development of the strategies and development of the strategies respectively. Two groups of critical care nurses participated in the steps of data collection in Phase I of the study. The unit managers participated in Phase I step 1 which was individual interviews and the critical care nurses not in the management role participated in Phase I, step 2 which was focus group interviews. Data was analysed using the descriptive analysis method of Tesch (1990). The study has highlighted the challenges and needs in the management of large ICUs, through seven themes that emerged from the findings. Ten strategies were developed to overcome the challenges and address the identified needs. The strategies have been presented as a contribution to literature. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Höftfrakturer är en vanlig ortopedisk orsak till sjukhusvård hos äldre. Att vara äldre och drabbas av höftfraktur är förknippat med hög risk för död. Stora fysiologiska avvikelser preoperativt samt försenad operation är kopplat till ökad risk för komplikationer och död. Äldre, sköra patienter har små marginaler och kan i samband med operation av höftfraktur behöva intensivvård. Det har uppmärksammats på ett sjukhus i Västra Götaland att denna patientgrupp vid ankomst till preoperativ avdelning ibland ej bedöms vara i operabelt skick, vilket medför ett förehavande där patienten förs till postoperativa intensivvårdsavdelningen för optimering inför operation. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur det postoperativa förloppet hos äldre patienter med akuthöftfraktur påverkas efter införande av preoperativ optimering, stöttat av intensivvårdssjuksköterskan, på vårdavdelning. Studien har en kvantitativ ansats med en kombination av kvantitativ retroperspektiv registerstudie och en kvantitativ prospektiv interventionsstudie. Sammanställningen påvisar en minskning av den totala vårdtiden från 9 dagar till 6 dagar i median. Sammanfattningsvis betonas att intensivvårssjuksköterskan tillsammans med övriga professioner i teamet runt patienten har betydelse för att förbättra den äldre patientens möjlighet att återhämta sig efter akut höftfraktur.

Bakgrund: Att vårda potentiella donatorer är en svår uppgift för sjuksköterskan och på grund av den komplexitet och stress som situationen medför är det utmanande för sjuksköterskan på intensivvårdsavdelningen. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans uppfattningar och erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med konstaterad hjärndöd och som är potentiella organdonatorer. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie baserades på 14 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Systematisk dataanalys användes där data analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Den systematiska dataanalysen resulterade i åtta subkategorier och tre kategorier. Dessa kategorier var: Sjuksköterskans perspektiv påverkar vårdandet, Den utmanande vården och En vård som väcker starka känslor. Resultatet visade att begreppet hjärndöd var svårt att förstå då patienten såg levande ut. Sjuksköterskans kunskap och syn på organdonation påverkade vården och det var en utmanande uppgift att balansera vården mellan den potentiella donatorn och de närstående. I vården av den potentiella donatorn och mötet med de närstående väcktes starka känslor. Slutsats: Situationen kring den potentiella donatorn och kommunikationen med de närstående är mycket utmanande för sjuksköterskan. En god arbetsmiljö och utbildning i kommunikation är av största vikt för att stärka sjuksköterskans professionella roll. / Background: To care for potential donors is a difficult task for nurses and due to the complexities and stressors the situation creates, it is a big challenge for nurses in the intensive care units. Aim: The aim was to clarify the intensive care nurse´s perceptions and experiences caring for patients with the diagnosis of brain death and that are potential organ donors. Method: This literature review was conducted by composing 14 qualitative scientific articles. A systematic data analysis was used where data was analysed through a manifest content analysis. Results: The systematic data analysis resulted in eight subcategories and three categories. The three categories described as: The nurse´s perspectives influence the care, The challenging care and A care that evokes strong emotions. The result showed that the concept of brain death was hard to understand when the patient actually looks alive. The knowledge of the nurse and the perception of organ donation influenced the care and it was a challenging duty to balance the care of the potential donor and the relatives. When caring for the potential donor and meeting with the relatives, strong emotions were created. Conclusion: The situation around the potential donor and the communication with the relatives is very challenging for the nurse. A healthy work environment and education in communication are crucial to improve the professional role of the nurse.

Bakgrund. Specialistsjuksköterskor inom intensivvård och anestesisjukvård deltar i traumaomhändertagande på akutmottagningen. De utgör en viktig roll i traumateamet och ställs inför krävande utmaningar som kan framkalla känslor hos specialistsjuksköterskorna. Vilket påverkar deras upplevelser av att delta i traumaomhändertagandet. Syfte. Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser hos specialistsjuksköterskor inom intensivvård och anestesisjukvård av att arbeta med traumaomhändertagande vid nivå-1 traumalarm. Metod. Kvalitativ ansats med beskrivande design. Sju specialistsjuksköterskor inom intensivvård och fem specialistsjuksköterskor inom anestesisjukvård på tre mellanstora sjukhus i Mellansverige med erfarenhet av traumaomhändertagande inkluderades. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Huvudresultat. Det framkom ett övergripande tema: Traumaomhändertagandets innebörd, samt fyra huvudkategorier: Systematiskt omhändertagande, Att vara en del av traumateamet, Vårdmiljöns betydelse och Upplevda känslor och strategier genom traumaomhändertagandets förlopp. Specialistsjuksköterskorna beskrev att den givna strukturen och att de kände sig förtrogna med sin roll minskade osäkerheten. Tydlig kommunikation upplevdes förbättra samarbetet och patientsäkerheten. Begränsat utrymme och för mycket personal utöver traumateamet beskrevs komplicera traumaomhändertagandet. Traumaomhändertagandet beskrevs som en betydelsefull uppgift som skedde under positiv stress och med stort fokus. Det framfördes känslor av ovisshet inför vad de skulle mötas av. Erfarenhet, övning och utbildning ökade tryggheten. Debriefing underlättande bearbetningen. Slutsats. Specialistsjuksköterskorna har en betydelsefull roll i traumateamet och ställs inför utmanande och påfrestande situationer där vikten av övning, erfarenhet och utbildning är betydande. Att identifiera specialistsjuksköterskors upplevelser kring ämnet möjliggör uppkomsten av förbättringsområden inom traumaomhändertagande på akutmottagningen. / Background. Specialist nurses in intensive care unit and nurse anesthetist take part in trauma life support care in the emergency service. They have an important role of the trauma team. Specialist nurses face challenges that may produce feelings which affect their experiences of participating in trauma life support care. Aim. The aim was to describe the experiences of specialist nurses in intensive care unit and nurse anesthetist, in trauma life support care at first-level trauma. Method. A descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used. Seven specialist nurses in an intensive care unit and five nurse anesthetists worked with trauma life support care at mid-sized hospitals in middle of Sweden were included. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Result. One theme emerged: The Significance of Trauma Life Support Care. Four main categories: Systematic Care, Being Part of the Trauma Team, Importance of Hospital Environment, and Feelings and Strategies Experienced in the Course of Trauma Life Support Care. Specialist nurses described that structures provided feeling of being secure. Communication improved cooperation and patient safety. Limited workspace, excessive personnel of trauma team complicated the trauma life support care. Trauma life support care was described meaningful under positive stress. Feelings of about what they would meet were experienced encounters. Experiences, clinical practice, and education increased feelings of safety. Debriefing made processing easier. Conclusion. Specialist nurses have an important role in the trauma team. The importance of clinical practice, experiences, and education are significant. Identifying experiences of specialist nurses enables to improve trauma life support care in emergency service.

Bakgrund: Varje år vårdas en mängd barn på allmänna intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige, där den allra största delen av patienterna är vuxna. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan ska kunna vårda alla patienter med svikt i ett eller flera organ oavsett ålder och diagnos, samt vara beredd på snabba förändringar i patientens tillstånd. Det kan vara en ovan situation för intensivvårdssjuksköterskan att vårda barn. Vården av barn och vuxna skiljer sig åt på många sätt, vilket kan orsaka känslor av osäkerhet och stress hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskan. Barn som intensivvårdas har alltid familjen i sin närhet. Samspelet med barn och familj är en förutsättning för att vården ska fungera på bästa sätt.  Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda barn och deras familjer på allmän intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 12 intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera data.  Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra generiska kategorier: Att vårda barn är en ovan situation för intensivvårdssjuksköterskor, Familjen ses som en resurs, Att arbeta tillsammans med familjen mot samma mål samt Kunskap och erfarenhet har betydelse för intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelse av att vårda barn. Tillsammans bildade de en huvudkategori: Kunskap och erfarenhet hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskan kan bidra till ökat fokus på familjen Slutsats: Resultatet visar en osäkerhet och rädsla hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskor som vårdar barn och deras familjer på allmän intensivvårdsavdelning. Osäkerheten grundar sig i en känsla av brist på kunskap och erfarenhet. Resultatet visar också att intensivvårdssjuksköterskor ser barnets familj som en viktig resurs i vården av barnet. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskans osäkerhet brist på kunskap kan ta den tid i anspråk som kunde ha lagts på samspelet med barnet och dess familj. Utbildning och praktisk träning efterfrågas. / Background: In Sweden, a lot of children every year are cared for in general intensive care units where the most part of the patients are adults. The intensive care nurses are supposed to be able to care for every patient with failure of one or several organs regardless of age or diagnosis, as well as be prepared for rapid change in the patient’s condition. It can be an anusual situation for the intensive care nurse to care for children. Caring for children and adults differs in many different ways, which can lead to the intensive care nurse feeling insecure and stressed. A child in need of intensive care has always got their family nearby. The interplay with the child and its family is important to achieve the best possible care.  Aim: The aim of the study was to describe intensive care nurses' experiences of caring for children and their families in the general intensive care unit. Method: A qualitative interview study. Semi-structured interviews with 12 intensive care nurses were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data.  Results: The analysis resulted in four generic categories: Caring for children is an unusual situation for intensive care nurses, Family is seen as a resource, To work with the family towards the same goal and Knowledge and experience are important for intensive care nurses´ experience of caring for children. Together they formed a main category: Knowledge and experience can contribute to increased family focus.  Conclusions: The result shows insecurity and fear among intensive care nurses who care for children and their families in a general intensive care unit. The insecurity is based on a feeling of lack of knowledge and experience. The result also shows that intensive care nurses sees the family of the child as an important resource in the child's care. The insecurity of the intensive care nurse and the lack of knowledge can take time that could have been spent on interaction with the child and their family. Education and practical training are requested.